Thèses : « Human rights – Research »

1

Stoklosa, Arkadiusz. « Human rights in Turkey ». Licentiate thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2281.

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This thesis is about Turkish accession to the European Union and criteria to be fulfilled in order to become a member state. At Helsinki summit there were defined four main areas, that are the main obstacles of Turkish membership in the structures of EU – military influence in domestic politics, economy disproportions, the issues of minorities living in Turkey and problems with obeying human rights and fundamental freedoms. In addition the attitude among European countries and Turkish political elites has changed dramatically since 1999. There is a great discussion, whose main purpose is, to show if Turkey should or shouldn’t become a part of united Europe. With the help of created conceptual framework, which is empirically based on qualitative methods and with theoretical approach in form of analysis considering human rights, I have developed a set of three hypotheses, that are based on primary and secondary sources like EU, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International reports considering changes of Turkish attitude to the question of human rights. In the process of testing validity or invalidity of those hypotheses, I have tried to conclude, why the implication of reforms considering human is the main obstacle of Turkish membership in the EU.

The paper may be used free, but it is forbidden to copy or use directly any parts of it without earlier contact with author.

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Edwards, Davyd. « Human rights and mental illness : an investigation into the meaning and utility of rights for people diagnosed with mental illness ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7931.

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Bibliography: leaves 176-188.
This study sought to develop an understanding of the ways in which rights are conceived of and made use of by people diagnosed with mental illness. This research sheds light on the processes involved in actualising rights in the lives of people diagnosed with mental illness. It focuses on the experiences of people diagnosed with mental illnesses living in the community.

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Tyree, Rachel. « Just Hospitality : Wage Theft, Grassroots Labor Organizing, and Activist Research in Nashville, Tennessee ». Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6420.

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This politically engaged project locally grounds the efforts of low-wage workers in the United States who are addressing the nationwide epidemic of wage theft by focusing on the particular experience of organized hospitality cleaning workers at a worker center in Nashville, Tennessee. While being both collaborative and reflexive, this activist anthropological research utilizes observant participation, in-depth interviews, and organizational and archival research to explore the issues identified by members and organizers at the worker center, illustrate the alternative theories of change being generated from grassroots labor organizing efforts in light of state mechanisms that do not protect all workers, and to investigate the complex intersections of activism and academia in research settings. This study shows that wage theft is a more nuanced problem than an economic burden alone, that organized low-wage and immigrant workers are changing the landscape of U.S. labor organizing, and that academic-worker justice collaborations hold promising implications for social change.

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Morgaine, Karen Lynn. « “Creative Interpretation and Fluidity in a Rights Framework” : The Intersection of Domestic Violence and Human Rights in the United States ». PDXScholar, 2007. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3933.

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This study explores the manner in which leaders working in the domestic violence field in the US have or have not adopted a human rights framework and what impact this has had on domestic violence policy and intervention. Participants included leaders from national domestic violence and human rights organizations. These organizations are instrumental in developing policy and in framing the issues of domestic violence and human rights, many of which also work with specific racial and ethnic populations. Some of the primary research questions included: If the human rights discourse is being put to practical use within the US, how does it meet the needs of women of color, immigrants, and other women who have been marginalized? Does bringing the issue of domestic violence into a human rights framework reinscribe hegemonic feminism in ways that are either ineffectual or oppressive and colonizing to women of color, immigrants and/or women in marginalized groups in the US and if so, in what ways? Additional research objectives include assessing whether there is active resistance to adopting a human rights framework and benefits and challenges to using the framework. This research uses the critique and experiences of women of color as a focal point. Through the use of critical ethnography and autoethnography, this study examines the manner in which the power to frame and define social problems unfolds. Findings suggest a limited dialogue to date between national domestic violence and human rights organizations with a range of thoughts regarding potential benefits and barriers to reframing domestic violence as a human rights violation. Barriers include lack of resonance/U.S. exceptionalism, power of the State to direct funding and focus, and reluctance to shift status quo based in part in white privilege. Benefits of cross-organizational dialogue include expanding focus, building coalitions, and engaging diverse communities in addressing domestic violence issues. Intersectional issues related to gender, race/ethnicity, immigration, and sovereignty are also explored. This research suggests that social workers need to continue to critically assess the application of human rights to social justice issues and the role that privilege plays in social movements and social policy formation.

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Vincent, Marc (Christopher Marc) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. « A research framework to understand the contribution to human rights abuse of social cleavage and competition for social control in ethnically divided countries : a Sri Lankan illustration ». Ottawa, 1992.

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Feakin, Tobias. « Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report 3 ». University of Bradford, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3972.

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yes
This third report from the Bradford NLW Project aims to give the reader a brief update of developments and debates within the NLWs field over the last few months. We hope that it will be of interest not only to NLW `specialists', but also to those with a general interest in this area. Interest in non-lethal weapons, which have been defined as being `explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or material while minimising fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment', has increased dramatically over the last five years as a result of non-lethal technology progress and increasing calls from military forces (especially those engaged in peacekeeping) and civil police for more sophisticated non-lethal responses to violent incidents¿whilst there are evident advantages linked with non-lethal weapons, there are also key areas of concern associated with the development and deployment of such weapons. These include threats to existing weapons control treaties and conventions, their use in human rights violations (such as torture), harmful biomedical effects, and what some predict as a dangerous potential for use in social manipulation and social punishment within the context of a technology of political control.

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Loff, Beatrice. « Health and human rights : case studies in the potential contribution of a human rights framework to the analysis of health questions ». Monash University, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5291.

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Hedlund, Beatrice. « The right to life, A case research on how article 4 of the American Convention on Human Rights is connected to the act on forced disappearance, according to the Inter-American Court on Human Rights ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23171.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda hur rätten till liv har ett samband med tvångsförsvinnande enligt den Inter-Amerikanska Domstolen om Mänskliga Rättigheter. För att uppnå uppsatsens syfte genomförs en rättsutredning kring gällande rätt, där en rättsdogmatisk metod och fallstudie applicerats. Uppsatsen kommer vidare att analyseras mot bakgrund av en rättsvetenskaplig teori, där relevant rättspraxis som den Inter-Amerikanska Domstolen om Mänskliga Rättigheter bemött samt en kortfattad genomgång av kontexters påverkan. Under utredningen av de konventionella källorna finns vissa krav för att uppfylla om en stat kan hållas ansvarig. Utifrån det och med de grova mänskliga rättighets kränkningarna staten utfärdat i åtanke, är bevisbördan och statsansvar av stor relevans för att klargöra sambandet mellan rättigheten och handlingen. Uppsatsen avslutas med att konkludera att det råder brister i hur den Inter-Amerikanska Domstolen om Mänskliga Rättigheter arbetar mot att förvara och skydda Mänskliga Rättigheter i fall som berör tvångsförsvinnande.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate how the right to life has a connection with the forced disappearance of persons, according to the Inter-American Court on Human Rights. In order to reach this purpose, a legal dogmatic approach and a case study is used, in the light of a legal theory. The research concerns relevant cases that the Inter-American Court on Human Rights has been confronted with, and, to clarify the contextual importance, a brief explanation on the surroundings is provided. With the grave human rights violations committed by State authorities in mind, the thesis shows that the standard of proof, and principle of state responsibility, becomes of importance, in order to be able to determine whether the right to life is violated in cases of forced disappearance. The essay will conclude that the issue prevails defectiveness in relation to preventing and protecting human rights in cases of forced disappearance of persons.

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Halpin, Ross William. « A history of concern : The ethical dilemma of using Nazi medical research data in contemporary medical and scientific research ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4010.

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Halpin, Ross William. « A history of concern the ethical dilemma of using Nazi medical research data in contemporary medical and scientific research / ». University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4010.

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Garman, Brian Donald. « The new Africans : a textual analysis of the construction of 'African-ness' in Chaz Maviyane-Davies' 1996 poster depictions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001844.

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In 1996, Zimbabwean graphic designer Chaz Maviyane-Davies created a set of human rights posters which represent several articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, from what he calls an “African perspective”. In this study I investigate how Maviyane-Davies has constructed ‘African-ness’ and probe what he refers to as the “alternative aesthetic” that he is trying to create. I use a visual social semiotic approach to examine the discourses he draws on to re-image and re-imagine Africa and Africans in a manner that contests the stereotypical representations found in political, news and economic discourses about Africa, paying particular attention to the ways he uses images of the body. My analysis of the posters shows how complex and difficult it can be to contest regimes of representation that work to fix racialised and derogatory meanings. In response to the pejorative stereotypes of the black body, Maviyane-Davies uses images of strong, healthy, and magnificent people (mostly men) to construct a more affirmative representation of Africa and Africans. Significantly, he draws on sports, touristic, traditional and hegemonic discourses of masculinity in an attempt to expand the complexity and range of possible representations of African-ness. In so doing he runs the risk of reproducing many of the stereotypes that sustain not only the racialised and gendered (masculinist) representations of Africa, but also a sentimentalisation and romanticisation of a place, a people and their traditions. Apart from women in prominent positions, other conspicuous absences from these images include white people and hegemonic references to Western modernity. I do not believe he is discarding whites and modernity as un-African, but is rejecting the naturalisation of whiteness as standing in for humanity, and particular icons of Western modernity as significations of ‘modernity’ itself

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Åkerström, Jeanette. « "Participation is everything" : young people's voices on participation in school life ». Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35795.

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This thesis shows that participation is an important and comprehensive concept for young people. The aim of the thesis is to explore young people’s perspectives on and experiences of participation in school. Young people are in this research project understood as competent participants and as valuable contributors in research. Young people (aged 13–19 years) are involved as both research partners and research respondents. The design is explorative and mixed methods are used. Study 1 describes an interactive research circle with young people as research partners. Participation and asymmetric responsibility are identified as integral to research with young people. Study 2 describes a youth survey about young people’s participation that was conducted by the research partners in the research circle. This study shows that young people’s opportunities and abilities to communicate are crucial to their participation. Supportive relations are an important aspect and the young people describe that they want adults to support them in taking responsibility themselves. Study 3 is based on the results of the youth survey and describes a model of young people’s perspectives on participation. Viewed from young people’s perspectives, participation is shown to include social, educational and decision-making dimensions. Communication is identified as a central participatory dimension. This study describes how participation in school is created in both horizontal and vertical relations. Study 4 is about participation and exposure to bullying and threats in school and is informed by the results of the youth survey. This study shows how students with disabilities and especially students with multiple disabilities are in a vulnerable situation. They face greater risks of being excluded from participatory dimensions in school or of being more exposed to degrading treatment if they do participate. Girls with multiple disabilities seem to be in an extra vulnerable situation. Overall, this research project shows that young people’s perspectives are an important complement to adults’ perspectives on participation in school.

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Parling, Isabella. « Climate Change Litigation Based on Human Rights : challenges and possbilities in Sweden ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444217.

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Climate change litigation is expanding at fast speed throughout various jurisdictions around the world. Citizens are taking states’ lack of climate mitigation measures to courts, demanding that more has to be done on the climate crisis. More often now, litigants use human rights based argumentation which relies on international human rights law: human rights treaties, conventions, and precedent from human rights courts. According to litigants, states are therefore seen as both creating and prolonging this threat against the lives of their citizens, violating some of their most basic human rights, such as the right to life. Coupling these human rights obligations with climate treaties such as the Paris Agreement has proven effective when attempting to establish a causal connection between state emissions and climate change’s threat to citizen’s lives. This is sometimes characterized as a global ‘rights turn’ or a ‘greening’ of human rights. While a climate litigation case was denied to be brought up in Swedish courts in 2016, the Swedish government is now in 2021 finding itself tested again. Several children and youths in Sweden are currently suing the Swedish state, claiming that Sweden does not live up to its international human rights obligations. The claim is based on a human rights framing and is more similar to other ongoing or successful climate litigation cases at present time. While also facing a lawsuit as defendants in a case under the European Court of Human Rights, Sweden is now finding itself in the midst of this new phenomenon. Since, however, the issue of climate litigation in Swedish courts is quite new, the results of a new case in Sweden based on different grounds and on the precedent established in other successful cases in other similar jurisdictions, could be different. The overall purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the intentional human rights obligations that the Swedish state is bound by internationally which can be used in a climate litigation case based on human rights argumentation. The issue at hand is therefore to ascertain what, how and why those obligations concerning the climate and human rights makes it possible or challenging to pursue a case against the Swedish government, and what these obligations entail. If the case is tried in Swedish courts, it will establish the current obligations concerning climate change and its threat to human lives under international human rights law, as well as Sweden’s mitigation duties.

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Kuga, Thas Angela Marianne. « Authentically ambiguous, credibly anonymous : Perceptually reframing the personal narrative towards effective persuasion in aggressive human rights contexts ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015.

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Testing the strategies of discourse and materiality, this practice-based and practice-led research experiments with how anonymous storytelling by vulnerable communities, like that of the sexual minorities and their allies in Malaysia, can better speak to their human rights issues without further subjecting them to personal attacks and targetted persecution. The research identifies the critical role of the voice in lending authenticity and credibility to first person narratives; and contextual credibility as a form of credibility which personal stories naturally aspire to achieve with audiences. Adopting a discursive view of persuasion and recognising too that the power of persuasion may in effect lie with those who receive these stories rather than with those who tell them, the insights and knowledge gained from the research informed the development of the field output, Persuasive Storytelling by Vulnerable Communities in Aggressive Contexts: A Human Rights Communication Framework.

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Khayundi, Francis Mapati Bulimo. « The effects of climate change on the realisation of the right to adequate food in Kenya ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003190.

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This thesis examines the interplay between the effects of climate change and human rights. It seeks to interrogate the contribution of human rights in addressing the effects of climate change on the enjoyment of the right to food in Kenya. Climate change has been recognised as a human rights issue. Despite this acknowledgement, many states are yet to deal with climate change as a growing threat to the realisation of human rights. The situation is made worse by the glacial pace in securing a binding legal agreement to tackle climate change. The thesis also reveals that despite their seemingly disparate and disconnected nature, both the human rights and climate change regimes seek to achieve the same goal albeit in different ways. The thesis argues that a considerable portion of the Kenyan population has not been able to enjoy the right to food as a result of droughts and floods. It adopts the view that, with the effects of climate change being evident, the frequency and magnitude of droughts and floods has increased with far reaching consequences on the right to food. Measures by the Kenyan government to address the food situation have always been knee jerk and inadequate in nature. This is despite the fact that Kenya is a signatory to a number of human rights instruments that deal with the right to food. With the promulgation of a new Constitution with a justiciable right to food, there is a need for the Kenyan government to meet its human rights obligations. This thesis concludes by suggesting ways in which the right to food can be applied in order to address some of the effects of climate change. It argues that by adopting a human rights approach to the right to food, the State will have to adopt measures that take into consideration the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, the State is under an obligation to engage in activities that will not contribute to climate change and negatively affect the right.

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Quinn, Eileen. « The market of migrant smuggling through Libya to Southern Italy since 2011 : filling the knowledge gap as a human rights' strategy ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/459747.

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The first formal distinction between human smuggling and trafficking in international law was made with the signing in December 2000 of the Palermo Protocols. These definitions have influenced and shaped most of the academic research, discourse, methodology and language on human smuggling and trafficking. In turn, an understanding of the formal definitions of these crimes is necessary to appreciate their influence on policies and therefore their effects on the individuals and institutions involved (Campana and Varese, 2015). The argument at the basis of this thesis is that academic research on especially migrant smuggling has often blindly adopted the above-mentioned definitions as a given-for-granted and solid basis to apply to a multitude of diverse cases, failing to highlight the extremely polymorphic nature of migrant smuggling as an international phenomenon. One important consequence of this instance has been that at least some academic efforts in the field of human smuggling have more often than not created a “theoretical bias” whereby smuggling is interpreted as a constitutive element of “irregular migration”, and where research findings have served the interests of migration policies- most notably to prevent the irregular crossing of national borders- rather than of victims of smuggling per se. The thesis presents findings from a preliminary qualitative investigation conducted by the author in Tunisia, Sicily, and aboard a rescue vessel in the Libyan SAR zone. The study design and methodology were structured based on a human rights and social perspective which took account of migrant smuggling in the specific context of post-Arab Spring migration from Africa to Europe. The cases presented should be able to demonstrate how the current legal and institutional definition of migrant smuggling cannot explain some of the principal findings of the investigation, especially for what concerns the role of exploitation, consent and coercion, broadly regarded as more consistently related to trafficking than to smuggling. The thesis argues that studies should refrain from blindly adopting pre-defined definitions and social categories on the topic, but rather critically employ them on a case-to-case basis. This would divert academic efforts away from often controversial political interests concerning irregular migration, and help produce transparent and independent research that sheds light on the nature, causes and effects of human smuggling, and related policies.

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Pritchett, Malika Naomi. « Coloniality and the Science of Applied Behavior Analysis ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703416/.

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Human life is to be universally cherished and valued. Policies about how to value lives are often developed following gross human rights violations. Some of the most horrific violations have occurred under the guise of biomedical and behavioral research. As a result, policies have been developed to protect participants. Presumably, the primary responsibility of the researcher is their protection. There are, however, potential tensions between protections and research agendas, which set the occasion for over selection of participants with vulnerabilities. This dynamic may establish competing contingencies that devalue, and potentially harm, participants. Power imbalances inherent in the researcher-participant relationship establish the researcher as the dominant knowledge seeking authority and the participant as the subservient subject. Ideally, research in applied behavior analysis is driven by a steadfast orientation toward the enhancement of human life and the amelioration of suffering. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of human rights trends in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. The dependent measures are based on ethical principles established for the protection of participants and recommendations concerning participatory research practices in applied behavior analysis. The results indicate that in some cases, protections have been minimally reported. Furthermore, power imbalances are highly likely given the processes and outcomes reported. The trends appear to be moving in an unfavorable direction in most cases. Findings are discussed on three levels: 1) a conceptual analysis of potential contingencies that influence applied behavior analytic research, 2) considerations around coloniality, and, 3) recommendations to neutralize and diffuse power imbalances to ensure the applied spirit of the science is actualized.

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Swanepoel, Magdaleen. « Embryonic stem cell research and cloning a proposed legislative framework in context of legal status and personhood / ». Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07312007-150150/.

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Albuloshi, Fatemah Mohammed K. « Reflections on current directions in leadership research : a reflexive-ethnographic examination of leader-follower and group dynamics in an international human rights based organization ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/31815.

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This study problematizes the down play of heroic perspectives in the currently rising critical and post-heroic leadership research. It argues that compromising either the critical or the post-heroic perspectives in favour of the other would constrict or mislead our understanding of the social influence of leadership processes. This study calls for maintaining the theoretical uniqueness of both perspectives in order to enhance new understandings and broader knowledge claims. Therefore, the study adopts a reflexive-ethnographic examination of the leader-follower and group dynamics, in an International Human Rights Based Organization. The overall aim is to develop an understanding of how individuals in an International Organization like Global Peace Organization (GPO) cope with the universal scope of their organization and the diversity in their work environment. This aim is fulfilled through examining self-narratives generated by the participants in their day to day interactions. To facilitate the coherence between the two leadership perspectives in this examination, a dialectical dimension is enhanced by extending the emerging tactics of reflexivity and intertextuality to the various stages of research. The critical perspective then reveals a context-driven approach in the self-narratives where participants use their particular worldviews to interpret dilemmas and conflicts originating in their work. Conflicts between participants and their leaders also reflect power interplays based on crafting a sense of we-ness / us in self-Other encounters. However, an added perspective on interpersonal relations suggests the significance of the single factor where the less secure participants tend to mask their resistance with creative impression-management strategies. This eventually transforms their insecurities into more positive attitudes and behaviours which repositions them as informal leaders in their groups.

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Davison, N., et N. Lewer. « Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report No. 6 ». University of Bradford, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3998.

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yes
New non-lethal technologies (weapons and delivery systems) continue to make the news, both for their civil and military applications. Technologies which were considered to be in the realm of science fiction a few years ago, are now beginning to undergo field trials or, in some cases, are being deployed with police and soldiers on active service. As this, and our previous reports have highlighted, the development of acoustic weapons (Long Range Acoustic Device) and microwave weapons (Active Denial System) have proceeded rapidly as have advances in robotic, unmanned vehicles for the delivery of both lethal and non-lethal weapons. We repeat our concern that there is a danger of these new non-lethal technologies being `rushed¿ into service (1) without thorough testing for harmful health effects, (2) without a deeper consideration of civil and human rights, (3) without full discussion of their impact on arms control treaties and conventions, and (4) without further study of their social and cultural impact. Since many such weapons will have a rheostatic capacity along the non-lethal to lethal continuum, it is important that weapons developers and manufacturers, and those charged with the responsibility of using them, are held clearly accountable and have transparent rules of engagement. Of particular concern are a new generation of biological and chemical weapons. With respect to the health impact, NATO has a panel working on NLW human effects, the Human Factors and Medicine (HFM) Panel 073, which is due to report later this year (2004) on the Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies.1

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Runell, Charlotta, et Anna Ahlberg. « The New Regulation on Labour Immigration : A Qualitative Research Exploring Perceptions of Asylym Seekers and Irregular Migrants on a Socio - Political Level in Sweden ». Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Mid Sweden University, Mid Sweden University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8254.

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This is a qualitative research study utilising a theoretical framework of democracy theory, human rights and theories on migration and irregular migrants. The purpose of this research is to explore how the new Swedish Regulation on Labour Immigration, in relation to the harmonization of migration policy within the European Union, represents and effects the perception of asylum seekers and irregular migrants on a socio-political level in Sweden. Through four semi-structured interviews this study seeks to explore the following areas: the reasons behind the compromise concerning asylum seekers in the Regulation; the exclusion of irregular migrants in the Regulation; and the correlation between the Regulation and the harmonising of migration policy within the EU. The theoretical framework, together with the statements by informants and the grounding information concerning human rights and the migration policy within the EU, constitutes the analysis. The analysis shows that the perceptions of asylum seekers and irregular immigrants as an undesirable solution to demographical challenges represent a relativistic approach to human rights. By legitimating this perception those concerned become even more vulnerable and at a higher risk of exploitation. The correlation between the contemporary democratic welfare state, international human rights law and the Regulation, together with increasing and irreversible migration flows, visualises an incompatible and diffuse organisation, which have to transform into cosmopolitan democracy and global solidarity if to survive.

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Segalo, L. « Exploring sarcasm as a replacement for corporal punishment in public schools in South Africa ». Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 4 : Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/320.

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Published Articles
The dawn of a democratic South Africa in 1994 established a society entrenched in Human Rights milieu. As such, public schools are meant to align their policies with the rule of the law. Particularly, section 10 (1) of South African Schools Act, 84 1996 (hereafter SASA) respectfully prohibits the administration of corporal punishment directed at a learner in public schools. The subsequent section 10 (2) of SASA admonishes that any person contravening section 10 (1) of SASA is liable on conviction to a sentence which could be imposed for assault. These mentioned provisions of the school legislation are consistent with section 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) which affords every person the inherent right to dignity of the person. Against the afore-mentioned legislative provisions, teachers have resorted to the use of sarcasm as a tool to inflict punishment in the manner that it could be equated with corporal punishment. Sarcasm is a form of language that is used to cause emotional and psychological harm, belittle, ridicule and humiliate the person it directed at. Judged against the provisions of the legislation governing schools in South African public schools, sarcasm could be said to be a direct violation of fundamental rights of learners to dignity of the person. In order to explore the intonation of sarcasm as supplement for corporal punishment the research paper employed a qualitative critical emancipatory research (CER) approach. Data gathered through a purposive sample of ten secondary teachers was analysed by the use of textual oriented discourse analyses.

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Jesse, Bach E. « The Portrayal of Force, Fraud, and Coercion Within Northern Ohio Federal Sex Trafficking Trials — 2010-2013 ». Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1432227255.

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Rudhe, Julia. « Mechanical restraint in psychiatric healthcare facilities : A helpful tool, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in disguise ? » Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-195116.

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The use of mechanical restraint is a common practice in psychiatric care, often defended by medical necessity but seldom questioned from a human rights perspective. The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate under which circumstances mechanical restraint by bed through belt fixation could amount to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Persons with psychosocial disabilities are in a particularly vulnerable situation and as the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is the most comprehensive rights framework for this group, it has been discussed whether the CRPD sets out additional safeguards in relation to restraint. A legal doctrinal approach is the basic methodology used in order to outline the current international and European legal framework on torture and other ill-treatment and disability rights. A survivor-controlled research methodology has been applied and to amplify other voices of persons with firsthand experience of being mechanically restrained, interviews have been conducted with persons from Sweden and Spain. Healthcare professionals have also been interviewed. A feminist perspective on the law is applied. Different international conventions and bodies of the United Nations have diverse interpretations on what acts or omissions that amount to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, although there is an aim and will to streamline the conventions. It is clear that the use of mechanical restraint can create such intense mental or physical suffering required to reach the common criterion of seriousness. However, some people do not experience the required levels of suffering for it to be considered torture, meaning that it might not amount to torture but rather other ill-treatment. The threshold for being considered torture according to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) seems to be somewhat higher than that of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). In this thesis it was found that the most critical element for this is the requirement of intent. Intent can however be implied under certain circumstances if the practice is of discriminatory nature. If a person has a psychosocial disability, intent might be presumed if States do not provide appropriate health care. In the case of girls and women, intent might also be presumed since they seem to have a higher risk of getting restrained for unlawful reasons. The main conclusion in this thesis is that mechanical restraint by bed through belt fixation could amount to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment according to the UNCAT, ICCPR and ECHR.

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Bjornberg, Karin. « Rethinking human security : taking into consideration gender based violence ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71706.

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Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The human security concept challenges the traditional view of state security. The very essence of human security means to respect human rights. The Commission on Human Security did not focus on women as a special area of concern in the 1994 Human Development Report. The report does not recognise that being subject to gender hierarchies increases women’s insecurity and that women experience human security differently from men and shows that the human security concept does not include gender based violence (GBV) because there is no specific attention paid to issues that predominantly pertain to women. This study is conducted from a feminist perspective. It is reflexive research and based on standpoint theory. The data is gathered through analysis of secondary data and primary data, collected through interviews. GBV in South Africa tends to be continuous and the perpetrator is most likely to be a spouse or partner. Studies show that women are seen as being dependent on and weaker than men. Many men view women’s rights legislation as a challenge to the legitimacy of men’s authority over women. Women who try to be more independent in their relationships are regarded as threats and violence against them becomes a way for men to show control. The criminal justice system in South Africa has made progress in protecting women from GBV but myths, stereotypes and social conventions still prevent women from receiving justice. Traditionally, the state regards what happens in the private sphere as outside its responsibility. The public/private dichotomy challenges state regulations and norms which is evident in the case of domestic violence. It is often argued that GBV has remained imperceptible because it takes place in the private sphere. However, this research indicates that due to the socio-economic situation in South Africa, the abuse is often publicly known by those in the immediate environment as people live in informal housing. This research shows that a human security framework that targets GBV has to be developed for those who bear its consequences. When women are not viewed as subjects, issues that mainly affect them remain invisible. It is necessary that analysis of human insecurity starts from the conditions of women’s lives. Many women in South Africa live highly traumatic lives. Fighting GBV requires that we know the victims of GBV and let them decide what they need to feel secure. Creating human security requires that other threats which contribute to GBV, such as poverty, gender stereotypes and prejudice are also addressed. GBV has become an epidemic in South Africa and is a permanent constraint in women’s lives and impacts society as a whole. The security of the state rest on the security of women and as long as the state fails to treat GBV as a serious crime and protect women the state is more likely to use violence on a larger scale against its citizens.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Menslike Veiligheidskonsept daag die tradisionele siening van staatsveiligheid uit: die kerbetekenis van Menslike Veiligheid is om menseregte te respekteer. Die Kommissie op Menslike Veiligheid het nie op vroue as ‘n spesiale area van kommer gefokus in die Menslike Ontwikkelingsverslag van 1994 nie. Die verslag het daarin gefaal om te erken dat die realiteit van geslags-hiërargieë vroue se insekuriteit verhoog, en dat die ervaring van menslike sekuriteit van mans en vroue verskil. Hierdie navorsing sal toon dat die menslike veiligheidsbegrip nie in staat is om geslags-gebaseerde geweld (GGG) in ag te neem nie, aangesien daar geen spesifieke aandag verleen is aan vraagstukke wat hoofsaaklik op vroue betrekking het nie. Hierdie studie is vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief gedoen. Die navorsing is reflektief en op standpunt-teorie gebaseer. Die data is deur die analise van sekondêre data, asook die gebruik van primêre data i deur middel van onderhoude ingesamel . GGG in Suid-Afrika is geneig om oor ‘n uitgerekte tydperk plaas te vind en die mees waarskynlike oortreders is ‘n eggenoot of lewensmaat. Navorsing toon dat gemeenskappe geneig is om vroue as swakker en afhanlik van mans te sien. Wetgewing op die regte van vroue word deur vele mans as ‘n uidaging van hul legitieme superioriteit, ten op sigte van vroue, gesien. Vroue wat dus onafhanklikheid in hul verhoudings probeer uitoefen, word as bedreigings gesien en geweld word gebruik om hulle “in hul plek te hou”. Die Suid-Afrikaanse kriminele regstelsel het al vordering gemaak in terme van die beskerming van vroue teen GGG, maar mites, stereotipes en sosiale konvensies belemmer steeds die volle gang van die gereg. Die staat het in die verlede die private sfeer as buite sy jurisdiksie gesien. Die openbare/private sfeer digotomie bied uitdagings vir staatsregulering en vir die implementering van regulasies , en dit word veral duidelik in die geval van huishoudelike geweld. Daar word aangevoer dat aangesien GGG in die private sfeer plaasvind, dit onsigbaar bly. Hierdie navorsing het egter bevind dat GGG in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks dikwels in die openbare gemeenskapsfeer (deur diegene in die onmiddelike omgewing) opgemerk word, omdat baie mense in Suid-Afrika informele nedersettings woon.Hierdie navorsing het verder bevind dat ‘n GGG raamwerk vir menslike veiligheid ontwikkel moet word wat diegene wat die gevolge van GGG dra insluit. Indien vroue nie spesifiek as navorsingssubjekte geag word nie, bly faktore wat hulle spesifiek beïnvloed onsigbaar. Dit is belangrik dat analise van menslike insekuriteit begin om die omstandighede van vrouens se lewens in ag te neem. Vroue in Suid-Afrika leef in hoogs traumatiese omstandighede. In die bestryding van GGG is dit belangrik dat die slagoffers van GGG in ag geneem word en dat dit hulle toelaat om dit duidelik te maak wat hulle onveilig laat voel. Die skep van menslike veiligheid vereis dat bedreigings wat bydra tot GGG, naamlik armoede, geslagstereotipes en vooroordeel , ook aangespreek word. GGG in Suid-Afrika het ‘n epidemie geword, en plaas ‘n permanente beperking op vroue se lewens. Dit het ook ‘n blywende impak op die samelewing as ‘n geheel. Die veiligheid van die staat rus op die veiligheid van vroue. Solank as wat die staat versuim om GGG te bekamp en as ‘n ernstigge misdaad te erken, en vroue nie die beskerming van die staat geniet nie, is daar ‘n hoër moontlikheid vir die gebruik van geweld deur die staat teen sy eie burgers op ‘n groter skaal.

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Stedt, Rebecca. « Implementeringsproblematiken inom mänskliga rättigheter - en fallstudie baserat på implementeringsforskning med utgångspunkt i artikel 16.2 i CEDAW och hur denna implementeras i Gambia - Implementation issues within Human Rights - a case study based on implementetion reserach, article 16.2 in CEDAW and how this is implemented in The Gambia ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22717.

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Implementationsproblematiken inom de mänskliga rättigheterna är en pågående diskussion. Denna undersökning behandlar hur artikel 16.2 implementerats i Gambia och vad det kan finnas för svårigheter i implementeringen av en artikel som behandlar barnäktenskap. Genom fallstudien som metod och implementeringsforskning, Susan Möller Okin samt Sheyla Benhabibs teori gällande grupprättigheter kontra kvinnors rättigheter på individnivå undersöks hur artikel 16.2 i CEDAW implementerats i Gambia. Artikel 16.2, vilken beskriver barnets trolovning och äktenskap, dekonstrueras och utifrån det diskuteras innebörden i artikeln vilket senare jämförs med Gambias nationella lagstiftning. Undersökningen består av att se hur artikel 16.2 implementerats i Gambiaoch vad det kan finnas för svårigheter i implementeringen av en artikel som behandlarbarnäktenskap. Slutligen konstateras implementeringsproblematikens komplexitet och hur ett fall och en implementering av en specifik artikel i en specifik stat inte är den andra lik. Därmed inte sagt att det inte går att eliminera de grövsta misstagen genom att lära av tidigare försök och forskning.
Implementation issues within Human Rights is an ongoing discussion. This study deals with how Article 16.2 was implemented in The Gambia and what difficulties can arise in the implementation of an article on child marriage. Through case study as a method and implementation research, Susan Moller Okin and Sheyla Benhabibs theory of group rights versus the rights of women on an individual level I wish to examinate how Article 16.2 in CEDAW is implemented in the Gambia.Article 16.2, which describes the child betrothal and marriage, is being deconstructed and from that discussed the meaning of the article, which later is compared with the Gambia national legislation. The study consists of seeing how Article 16.2 was implemented in The Gambia and what the difficulties in the implementation of an article on child marriage may be. Finally it is confirmed that implementation issues complexity, a case and an implementation of a specific item in a specific state is not like the other. That said, it is not possible to eliminate the largest mistakes by learning from previous experiments and research.

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Booysen, Fredalene. « Learning in Social Movements : A research study of awareness and understanding of a Treatment Literacy programme implemented by the Treatment Action Campaign in the Western Cape in the period 2001 to 2009 ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32454.

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This qualitative research study examines six participant's awareness and understanding of a Treatment Literacy (TL) programme implemented by the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) in the Western Cape in the period 2001 to 2009. The study investigates what attracted the participants to the TAC; what they learnt and how this was taught; the extent, if any, to which participant's experiences changed their understanding of HIV and AIDS, sexuality, treatment and other health-related practices. To analyse participants' awareness levels, understanding and experiences, I drew on Freire (1970; 1985) and Mezirow (1991; 1994) adult education literature, more specifically literature addressing the social movements and how activists learn and teach in different context (informal and non-formal) such as Newman (1995) and Foley (1999). These perspectives underpin the central argument of the thesis, namely that adult education is contextual and has impact on awareness, understanding and experiences and in this case HIV and AIDS. A primary finding of the study is how the participants in the study perceived the world as central to their learning. Learning is thus a substantially personal experience; however, the development of the individual frequently occurs within a group dynamic. Participants felt that being part of TAC and fighting for access to treatment and helping other people who are either HIV positive or affected by HIV and AIDS, helped them in turn to deal with their own challenges of being HIV positive and affected with HIV and AIDS. Being HIV positive and receiving education from TAC has given participants dignity and the necessary consciousness to obtain control of their life. Participants also reported that the TL programme boosted their confidence and raised their level of awareness and understanding of the topic.

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Meyers, Ronald B. « A Heuristic for Environmental Values and Ethics, and a Psychometric Instrument to Measure Adult Environmental Ethics and Willingness to Protect the Environment ». The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039113836.

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Puyalto, Carol. « La vida independiente de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Análisis de los apoyos y las barreras que inciden en la consecución de sus proyectos de vida ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400494.

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The aim of this study is to explore the obstacles and supports that according to people with intellectual disabilities (ID) living in Catalonia impact on their right to independent living, as set out in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2006). An in-depth individual interview has been conducted for adults with ID, a discussion group with family members, and another with staff. A thematic analysis of the information has been carried out. At the same time, an advisory committee composed of people with ID has collaborated in the research process. People with IDs point to support and barriers related to home, life and community participation, couple and own-family projects, money management and protection measures as elements that condition their right to independent living
El objetivo de este estudio es explorar los obstáculos y los apoyos que según las personas con discapacidad intelectual que viven en Catalunya repercuten en su derecho a la vida independiente, tal y como establece la Convención de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad (Naciones Unidas, 2006). Se han aplicado una entrevista individual en profundidad a personas adultas con DI, un grupo de discusión con familiares y otro con profesionales. Se ha realizado un análisis temático de la información. Paralelamente, un consejo asesor integrado por personas con DI ha colaborado en el proceso de la investigación. Las personas con DI señalan los apoyos y las barreras relacionadas con el hogar, la vida y participación en la comunidad, los proyectos de pareja y familia propia, la gestión del dinero y las medidas de protección como elementos que condicionan su derecho a la vida independiente

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Pereira, Mateus Henrique Silva. « Direito humano à alimentação adequada e inovações dos arranjos jurídico-institucionais : estudo de caso do Restaurante Popular de Juiz de Fora Yedda Duarte Gomes ». Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6811.

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Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os arranjos jurídico-institucionais referentes ao direito humano à alimentação adequada e a segurança alimentar e nutricional. Os elementos analisados são as inovações das políticas públicas alimentares implementadas a partir de 2003, referentes à descentralização, o controle social e a participação popular. Os dados diretos analisados foram obtidos a partir deatas, memorandos e ofícios, junto à principal instituição de controle social do Municípioem matéria de alimentação, o Conselho Municipal de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional de Juiz de Fora.A questão a qual o estudo deseja responder trata de como essa nova abordagem jurídica e institucionalatua, analisando seus limites e possibilidades, avanços e conservações na garantia do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa promove uma análise empírica e qualitativa a partir da estratégia de pesquisa do estudo de casode uma política pública, na busca de realizar generalizações analíticas, conforme preceitua Robert Yin. O substrato teórico que guia a análise está contido nas noções de uma ideia dialética do Direito, conforme Roberto Lyra Filho. A principal conclusão é de que as inovações jurídicas institucionais promoveram avanços na garantia do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada, todavia encontram certos limites nas decisões políticas, como no caso de Juiz de Fora. Dessa forma,acredita-se que asinovações jurídicas e institucionais são limitadas perante uma vontade políticacentralizadora, ensejando novas abordagens para a superação desse cenário.
The objective of this research is to analyze legal and institutional arrangements related to the human right to adequate food and nutritional security. The analyzed elements are the innovations of the public food policies implemented since 2003, regarding decentralization, social control and popular participation. The direct data analyzed were obtained from minutes, memorandums and official letters, together with the Municipality's main social control institution regarding nutrition, the Municipal Council for Food and Nutrition Security of Juiz de Fora. The question that the study wishes to answer deals with how this new legal and institutional approach works, analyzing its limits and possibilities, advances and preservations in guaranteeing the Human Right to Adequate Food. In methodological terms, the research promotes an empirical and qualitative analysis based on the research strategy of case study of a public policy, in the search of analytical generalizations, according to Robert Yin. The theoretical substrate which guides the analysis is contained in the notions of a dialectical idea of the Right, according to Roberto Lyra Filho. The main conclusion is that institutional legal innovations have promoted advances in guaranteeing the Human Right to Adequate Food, yet they find certain limits in political decisions, as in the case of Juiz de Fora. Thus, it is believed that legal and institutional innovations are limited to a centralizing political will, leading to new approaches to overcome this scenario.

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Winter, N. A. « Change in juvenile justice policy : implications for rights and responsibilities : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Science at Lincoln University / ». Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1286.

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Changes in juvenile justice are often attributed to increases in offending and media attention to crime. A "cycle" of reforms, which alternate between punitive and treatment type responses has been identified. This study explores the possibility that wider socio-political events also have implications for reforms. Nations in which welfare and juvenile justice systems are highly integrated, may exhibit different patterns of policy change than those observed elsewhere. Changes in juvenile justice policy in New Zealand and Sweden are examined. The implications of policy change for the rights and responsibilities of those involved in the juvenile justice system are also examined. This includes the State, juvenile offenders and their parents and the victims of crime. Particular attention is given to the status of parental rights.

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Pereira, Mariana Galvão. « A gestão cotidiana e a dignidade humana de quem vive com HIV : um estudo à luz da teoria das representações sociais ». Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5837.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O valor da vida humana é um dos poucos consensos contemporâneos. A dignidade humana, por meio do caráter filosófico do termo pode ser considerado um conceito frágil e subjetivo, porém o mesmo é plano de fundo de diversas Cartas Magnas, buscando garantir o mínimo existencial às pessoas. As representações sociais da Aids que circulam no imaginário social acarretam um estigma às pessoas que vivem com HIV. O estigma é reconhecido como uma barreira que impede os avanços no que tange ações e políticas em busca da garantia da dignidade humana. Este estudo insere-se no Grupo de Pesquisa Cotidiano do Cuidar em Saúde e em Enfermagem, em sua linha cuidando do adulto e do idoso: o cotidiano como espaço de representações do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Aborda o momento de descoberta da sorologia positiva para o HIV e o cotidiano. Assim, teve-se por objetivo analisar as representações sociais de pessoas que vivem com o HIV sobre a descoberta e os elementos da dignidade humana que orientam a gestão cotidiana de ser positivo. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo os pressupostos de análise a Teoria das Representações Sociais, na abordagem processual de Denise Jodelet. Aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFJF, sob CAAE 57724016.2.0000.5147. O cenário foi um Serviço de Atendimento Especializado, os participantes foram 12 pessoas que vivem com HIV há no mínimo 6 meses e no máximo 3 anos. A coleta das informações aconteceu nos meses de outubro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Utilizou-se de duas técnicas de coleta: a entrevista aberta e uma técnica projetiva. Para organizar as informações utilizou-se a proposta de Análise do conteúdo, proposta por Bardin as quais foram analisadas ancoradas nos pressupostos da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Os resultados se revelam em duas categorias: representações sobre o sentido de descobrir-se soropositivo, e os elementos da dignidade que orientam a gestão cotidiana de pessoas que vivem com hiv. As representações revelam ambiguidade, pois ao mesmo tempo em que há uma representação de normalidade ao viver com o vírus, os participantes relatam um cotidiano marcado pelas situações de violência: simbólicas ou não. Os achados orientam a importância da terapia antirretroviral, do apoio familiar e do trabalho no processo de gestão. Em relação às violações dos componentes da dignidade humana, o estigma parece ocupar o lugar principal, pois, devido a ele, as pessoas que vivem com HIV diminuem suas relações sociais, e os impactos desse isolamento vão da solidão à privação direta de bens materiais e simbólicos.
The value of human life is one of the few contemporary consensuses. Human dignity, through the philosophical character of the term can be considered a fragile and subjective concept, but the same is the background of several Magnes Letters, seeking to guarantee the existential minimum to the people. The social representations of AIDS that circulate in the social imaginary cause stigma to people living with HIV. Stigma is recognized as a barrier that prevents advances in actions and policies in pursuit of the guarantee of human dignity. This study is part of the Research Group on Health Care and Nursing, in its care of the adult and the elderly: daily as a space for representations of the Graduate Program in Nursing of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora ( UFJF). It addresses the moment of discovery of positive serology for HIV and daily life. Thus, the objective was to analyze the social representations of people living with HIV on the discovery and elements of human dignity that guide the daily management of being positive. It is a qualitative research, having the assumptions of analysis the Theory of Social Representations, in the procedural approach of Denise Jodelet. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFJF, under CAAE 57724016.2.0000.5147. The scenario was a Specialized Attendance Service, participants were 12 people living with HIV for at least 6 months and a maximum of 3 years. Information collection took place from October 2016 to February 2017. Two collection techniques were used: the open interview and a projective technique. In order to organize the information we used the proposal of Content Analysis, proposed by Bardin, which were analyzed anchored in the assumptions of Theory of Social Representations. The results are presented in two categories: representations about the meaning of finding themselves seropositive, and the elements of dignity that guide the day-today management of people living with HIV. The representations reveal ambiguity, because at the same time that there is a representation of normality when living with the virus, the participants report a daily life marked by situations of violence: symbolic or not. The findings guide the importance of antiretroviral therapy, family support and work in the management process. In relation to violations of the components of human dignity, stigma seems to occupy the main place because, because of it, people living with HIV diminish their social relations, and the impacts of this isolation go from solitude to direct deprivation of material goods and symbolic.

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Biolcati, Fernando Henrique de Oliveira. « Requisitos para a realização de pesquisa clínicas com menores incapazes e a responsabilidade civil no caso de danos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-27082013-162359/.

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Este trabalho tem por escopo analisar o procedimento de experimentação de novos tratamentos médicos e farmacêuticos em seres humanos, mais especificamente, crianças e adolescentes. A partir da ideia da condição do menor de pessoa em formação e da proteção especial garantida pela ordem jurídica, busca-se, constatando a necessidade de realização de pesquisas clínicas com este grupo, analisar de que modo a doutrina dos denominados direitos humanos e fundamentais e a regulamentação bioética devem atuar no sentido de estabelecer normativamente os requisitos que garantam o desenvolvimento científico sem o sacrifício das prerrogativas humanas mais comezinhas, como a integridade física e psíquica, bem como a autonomia. Por fim, tendo em vista os conceitos de risco e precaução, são estabelecidos os pressupostos para o nascimento da responsabilidade civil, de pesquisadores, patrocinadores e responsáveis legais pelo menor, inclusive pais, com a abordagem, também, dos reflexos no poder familiar, quando eventuais danos venham a ser produzidos contra as crianças e adolescentes sujeitos de pesquisa.
This work has as scope the analysis of the procedure regarding new medical and pharmaceutical treatments testing in humans, more specifically children and teenagers. From the idea of the minors status as person under development and the special protection guaranteed by law, it is intended with this work, considering the need of clinical researches involving this group, an examination of how the so-called human and fundamental rights as well as bioethics regulation must act to standardize the requirements that ensure the scientific development without sacrificing the most basic human prerogatives, such as physic and psychological integrity and independence. Finally, in view of risk and precautions concepts, the assumptions are set to the arise of researchers, sponsors and guardians liability, including parents, also regarding the repercussion of such liability on parental authority, in the event of damages occurrence in children and teenagers in the context of clinical trials.

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Atkinson, Kelsey. « Bridging the Justice Gap : Exploring Approaches for Improving Indigent Access to Civil Counsel ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/121.

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The United States is among one of the only democratic industrialized nations in the world that does not provide guaranteed access to civil representation in cases involving basic human need. This leaves indigent litigants who are at risk of losing their homes or their children left to seek counsel through insufficient pro-bono programs or limited scope legal self-help centers. This thesis provides a history of the struggle for the right to civil counsel, known as Civil Gideon, and explores a variety of proposed solutions to bridge the justice gap for indigent litigants. Despite considerable support for Civil Gideon among scholars and the legal community, the public is unaware of the justice gap- about 80% of Americans assume the right to civil counsel already exists. This thesis conducted two studies to understand possible reasons for this gap between public knowledge and reality and to identify the possibility of manipulating public knowledge through exposure to injustices. The findings from these studies are used to inform a network approach to shape public support for Civil Gideon so that the US court system can truly represent opportunity and equality for all citizens.

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Chu, Chengu-Hua, et 祝正華. « Research on the Conflict between Human Rights and Conjugal Rights ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06286412555954660704.

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碩士
國立高雄大學
法律學系碩士班
105
In our systems, the law towards the concept of divorce always combines with responsibility into verdict, which causes the failure of divorce. Compared with the ones in European countries and the US, the standard of our country is so high and the jurisdiction lacks flexibility thus ignoring the fact that the truth of marriage is the willingness of the spouses still want to build a life together. Besides, while filing a lawsuit also needs to take the responsibility of proof providing including serious causes like domestic violence, affairs, incurable diseases and the like, which is also an essential procedure whether to have a successful divorce or not. However, when one spouse file up for divorce that means problems in the marriage occurs and one of the married couple has no willingness to continue this marriage. If the marriage is difficult to sustain, the husband and wife shall be responsible for comparing the degree of responsibility between the two sides, only the lesser of the responsibility to the other side of the heavier request for divorce, such as the two sides of the same degree of responsibility, the two sides have to request a divorce, "and so on. As the referee of the standard, they cannot have existing problems (flaws) of the marriage canceled, but will create more resentment and social problems. The function of the court is to settle the dispute. However, the law cannot explore human nature, and feelings are stored in the feelings of the parties inside, others cannot scrutiny, aware of the true feelings of the party’s heart. In Taiwan, if one of the couple, because of the other without feelings, or extramarital affairs, do not want to continue with the other party to maintain the marriage, the divorce complaint, they most likely to face the other party cannot be reconciled, or retaliate and when the divorce lawsuit is filed, the party who is at fault will also be reluctant to divorce because of the relative person's hypocrisy, face a losing case, and face a losing case. His life will not be able to end the existence of problems (flaws) of the marriage. Taiwan's divorce system, from the appearance point of view, seemingly protect the rights of the spouse without fault, to maintain the parties marriage, but get to the bottom of them, but not the case. Such a divorce system is only to maintain the formal marriage; in fact, the marriage relationship in the parties may continue to separate the two places may not live with the same room, may also continue to be domestic violence or injury to each other, More likely to be the heart of people need to claim the helpless. Taiwan’s referee divorce system seems to protect the spouse rights, but it also suppresses the other’s personality. This study, by case study of Taiwan's divorce system.

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Lo, Ting-Wei, et 羅挺維. « Research on the Right to Life in the American Convention on Human Rights – On the View of Intenational Human Rights Law ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19510505509028932301.

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碩士
淡江大學
拉丁美洲研究所碩士班
97
The importance of the right to life has been a growing concern by the international community, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”, “American Convention on Human Rights”, “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”, “Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty”, “Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide“, ”European Convention on Human Rights”, “African Charter on Human and Peoples'' Rights” all contain provisions about the right to life; this thesis will discuss the right to life of other aspects related, such as: the death penalty, abortion, fetal protection, etc.. How is the International Human Rights treaties deal with this right? and in the law how to protect it? In addition, in the formulation of the right to life, what is the different between “American Convention on Human Rights” and other international conventions? What is special about the beginning of the right to life and the scope of the definition of security? In the region of Latin American as a result of the prevalence of the Catholic Church and its cultural background factors, in addition to the impact of the formulation process of the Convention, as women’s rights, the right of unborn children, and even the right to fetus will produce what kind of effects? What benefits between Convention States Parties and the effectiveness of the implementation of the jurisprudence of the Court held will produce? These issues are the main concerns and reasons for academic research.

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SANTOS, MOORE Carla. « Human rights clauses : unraveling the pattern of implementation ». Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6351.

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Wang, Yi-ming, et 王一民. « The research of foreigners'' democratic human Rights dedication in Taiwan ». Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65s6g9.

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碩士
南華大學
非營利事業管理研究所
95
This thesis intends to discuss and explore the contribution towards democracy and human rights by foreigners (foreign institutions) in Taiwan. Christian, Catholic, and the Amnesty International are explored respectively as the cases of this study. The purpose seeks to describe that foreign religious people and international non-governmental organizations no t only carry out the humanism during their periods of mission in Taiwan, but also recognize the people, culture, land, and all other matters of Taiwan. 　　　During the democratic transformation process, foreigners in Taiwan had played a vital role in terms of concerning about political issues, establishing social welfare and cultural education, and participating actual rescue process of political dissidents and offences. They stand with Taiwanese people, and deeply root the concept of democracy and human rights into Taiwanese people. 　　　This thesis uses modern history of Taiwan (1895 till now) as the point of penetration, and collects existing historical literatures from Japanese Colonial Era, Martial Law Era by Nationalist Government, popularly-elected president, and transfer of political power, to record the “love stories” of Non-Profit (Non-Governmental) Organizations and foreign missionaries in Taiwan. Also, with the attitude of appreciation, this thesis can face Taiwan’s future to create a new vision for Taiwan.

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TSAI, YI-HSUAN, et 蔡宜璇. « Research on the Application of Music in Museum Human Rights Education Activities : A Case Study on The 7th Youth Human Rights Experience Camp of National Human Rights Museum ». Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fnfa35.

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碩士
國立臺北藝術大學
博物館研究所
107
After the Universal Declaration of Human Rights published by the United Nations in 1948, the concept of human rights has been flourishing all over the world. There have been numerous museums with the aim of improving human rights set up in the past two decades. In Taiwan, the National Human Rights Museum was officially established in 2018, dedicating to preserving the historical sites of injustice during the White Terror and to promoting human rights education. Taking human rights education as one of its core missions, the National Human Rights Museum holds Youth Human Rights Camps every year. This has raised the author’s curiosity towards the following questions: 1) How does the National Human Rights Museum promote the concept of human rights through the Youth Human Rights Camp? 2) What is the impact of human rights education through music on the participants’ learning experiences and human rights thinking? 3) How do the participating political victims and the youth communicate with each other through music in the camp? By taking the “Why Don’t We Sing: The 7th Youth Human Rights Camp in Green Island” held by the National Human Rights Museum as a case study, this study attempts to explore the participants’ learning experiences in participating in music-themed human rights education activities. From the research results, this study found that the sharing of the political victims’ life experiences through singing and narrative can help the participants have a more comprehensive understanding of their life experiences. Also, music and songs can trigger multiple emotional mechanisms, which not only can deepen and lengthen the participants’ learning memory, but also activate their empathy to further reflect on the persecution of human rights. In addition, the common human emotions implied in the songs and the infection of melodies can enable participants to cross the generation gap and build cohesion. After the camp, some of the participants shifted their roles as “recipients” to “practitioners,” disseminating the concept of human rights through music creation and the production of the album The Most Warm-hearted Courage. Lastly, this study suggests that the elements of music application should be retained and more collection of the museum should be useed in the courses of future camps. At the same time, the museum should continue to provide resources to participants, assisting them to practice human rights by actions, and further systematically organize the results to make them become the future education resources of the museum.

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Lin, Chun-Kuei, et 林俊魁. « A study of elementary school teacher child human rights cognition and research of the child human rights in Keelung city ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62606804650805737312.

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碩士
淡江大學
教育政策與領導研究所碩士在職專班
97
This study was to understand elementary school teachers’ cognitions of children''s human rights and laws for children''s human rights, and their attitudes toward the importance of children’s human rights on school campus in Keelung County. Based on literature review, a questionnaire was constructed by this researcher, and a survey was administered to a sample of 315 elementary school teachers in Keelung County. Data collected by the questionnaire survey were analyzed by using SPSS14.0 software package, including factor analysis, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Based on results and findings, the following conclusions were reached: 1. Elementary school teachers in Keelung County had a high level of cognition of children''s human rights. 2. Teachers also had a high level of cognition of laws for children''s human rights. 3. Teachers had positive attitudes toward the importance of children and their human rights. 4. Teachers had positive and active coping styles with the conduct of children''s human rights. 5. Teachers’ cognitions of children''s human rights were significantly different by their gender and job duties. 6. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and the teacher-student relationship. 7. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and friendly school campus. 8. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and the situation of school administration. 9. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and school courses and teaching. 10. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and school discipline. 11. The results of analysis clearly indicated that a positive correlation between teachers’ cognition of children''s human rights and teachers’ professional growth. Based on research findings and conclusions, this study proposed some relevant suggestions for school administration and teachers to improve children''s human rights on school campus in Keelung County.

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Meei-huey, You, et 游美惠. « Human Rights Education Teachers as the Transformative Intellectuals of Ethnographic Research ». Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41898803550423719038.

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博士
國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系
93
Human Rights Education Teachers as the Transformative Intellectuals of Ethnographic Research Abstract Several educational movements have emerged to respond to the call for social justice education. Human rights educators provide us with a closer look at social justice education in the classroom. The notion of ‘Teachers as the Transformative Intellectuals ’is the foundation for critical educators to empower teachers and students to resist such oppression can be achieved. This study is grounded in ethnographic research. Ethnography is a type of qualitative research. I document the experiences of teachers who describe themselves as human rights educators. I provide a rich description and in depth analysis of the processes of teaching human rights in the classroom. The study examines the experiences and work of five human rights teachers in Taiwan. Interviews , classroom observations , and human rights education curriculum were used as sources of data. Human rights teachers see themselves primarily as change agents , advocates for their students ,both teachers and learners ,and critical educators. The experiences of these five educators allow us to examine human rights education from their perspectives. The teachers highlighted several factors that motivated them to become human rights educators. The findings of the study reveal the motivational factors that included policy improved，study inspired , gender equality , human rights organizations ,and underprivileged student .These influenced the teachers to become human rights teachers. After analyzing interviews , and the curriculum utilized by the teachers , I arrive at four central influence of human rights education in the classroom. The teachers point to the influence of human rights education in the classroom that human rights education increases students awareness of their human rights , encouraging right social activism , connected students’ lived experiences to promote critical thinking , putting a class into practice. There are specific methodologies that facilitate the content of human rights education ,didactic instruction , cooperative learning , creative instruction, media instruction . The human rights teachers point to the challenge of human rights education ,limiting curriculum ,student non-interest , contradictory nature of human rights education ,and lack of a human rights community.

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Liu, Hui-Ling, et 劉慧玲. « The Research in Alien''s Human Rights -Reference to Japanese Constitution ». Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58790640584253910171.

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碩士
淡江大學
日本研究所
84
A country''s trend of thoughts and level of legalprotection on human rights can be better realized by observing how it protects the rights of aliens residing within its,territory, and the more advancing the country, the higher the ratio the alien residents there is. In the past few years, our country has been trying to be internationalzed in every respects. And the economic development is accordingly very rapid and impressive. The number of aliens has increased tremendousiy after foreign labors were allowed to be imported since several years ago.For those aliens, the problem of human rights has been often ignored, and incidents against which have also frequently seen on media reports. In order to better handle the human-right problems of the aliens residing here in the future,the ways and methods of how our neighboring state,Japan, treats its domestic aliens and their consequences should be observed and studied. The aliens'' human-right problems were used to be governed by private internal or domestic laws. Due to the increasing importance and internationalization of the human-right protection,however, that issue today seems need to be raised to anothed dimension, i.e., the dimension of constitution and international laws. This thesis,therefore, by using the theories of constitutional protection on human right as well as relevant international legal rules, tries to study he scope and limitation on alien'' human-right protection under the Japanese Constitution, and whether in reality the protection rendered by Japan comples with the established legal principles. The main purposes of this thesis are trying to identify the issues of the problem as well as their proper solutions. The research methods em- ployed are historical method and documentation analysis. The thesis has five chapters, totaled eighty thousand Chinse Characters.

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Chen, Pei-fen, et 陳貝芬. « The Research of the Elementary School high grade Students’ human rights knowledge and human rights attitude at Chiayi county of Taiwan ». Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08626973560478106590.

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碩士
國立中正大學
教育研究所
96
The principal investigator discusses the current status of the lementary School high grade Students’ human rights knowledge and human rights attitude at Chiayi county of Taiwan, also offers suggestions for implementing human rights education in the Elementary School. Different background variables are explored to determine whether they are factors affecting human rights knowledge and human rights attitude of high grade Elementary School Students in Chiayi country. And the relation of human rights knowledge and human rights attitude is discussed. The differences among background variables, except “home school and its branch school”, of human rights knowledge of high grade Elementary School Students in Chiayi country are significant. While these background variables of home school and its branch school are significant on the aspect of classification of human right knowledge, especially its branch school. The differences among background variables, except “grade” and “home school and its branch school”, of human rights attitude of high grade Elementary School Students in Chiayi country are significant. While these background variables of home school and its branch school are significant on two aspects of “respect of other’s human right” and “individual wills and practices on conservation of human rights” of classification of human right attitude, especially its branch school. “attitude of teaching among teachers” and “attitude of teaching between parents”, derived from attitude and knowledge of human rights, are co-related to medium extend. It suggested that teachers should learn more about knowledge and teaching skills of human rights education The higher of scores of human rights knowledge, the higher of scores of human rights attitude. Student’s background supported a strong base of prediction of knowledge and attitude of human rights; in the other hand, so is human rights knowledge to human rights attitude.

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Fang, Su Huei, et 蘇慧芳. « The Research of the Relationship between Content of Human Rights Education in Junior High School Civic Textbooks and Students' Human Rights Attitudes ». Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05750114962321954443.

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碩士
國立中正大學
政治學研究所
99
This study aims to analysis the content of human rights education in junior high school civic textbooks, researching the relationship between the proportion of the content of human rights education in textbooks and students' human rights attitudes. In order to achieve this objective, this paper analysis junior high school civic textbooks with the method of content analysis. The analysed categories are based on content of human rights education published by the Ministry of Education, and the content is analysed by paragraph. The research methods include complex coding, calculating the number of words of all categories that appear in the textbooks, listing the human rights education content in different versions of civic textbooks, and comparing the differences among different versions in the distribution in each categoy. To research the relationship between the proportion of the content of human rights education in textbooks and students' human rights attitudes, the researcher prepared questionnaire to survey, this questionnaire of human rights awareness test and human rights attitudes scale were designed based on the analysis content of human rights education published by the Ministry of Education as analysis category, some of the questions concerning human rights awareness were chosen from questions in “The Basic Competence Test for Junior High School Students” ,and some of them were designed by the researcher. The human rights attitudes scale was developed by the researcher involves mostly the testees' life experience. The survey was implemented in 11 junior high schools in Tainan City, the number of valid samples is 403, taking descriptive statistics analysis and regression analysis. The study found that: (1)There are more than 70% of junior high school civic textbooks include human rights education, (2)The proportions of various categories of content in the civic textbooks are different, (3)The proportions of content in the same category in different versions of civic textbooks are also different, and(4)The students' attitude toward human rights and the proportion of content of human rights education in civic textbooks are relevant.

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Chen, Wei-Chieh, et 陳偉潔. « Action Research on Human Rights Issues in the Elementary School Student when the Rights and Responsibilities of Teaching ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14339560743675760393.

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碩士
國立屏東大學
社會發展學系碩士班
104
The main purpose of this study is to explore the history and effectiveness of using the concept of rights and responsibilities will be applied to the third grade students in human rights education. Also it includes the problems encountered and coping strategies, curriculum development, student learning achievement and researchers' professional growing up. The study adopted action research method; the study object is the third grade students teaching by the researcher, a total of 25 students. Researcher is instructional designer and educator. The four basic rights referred to the "Convention on the Rights of the Child" as the theme of children, the corresponding liability related projects under the norms consistent syllabuses nine, design appropriate teaching activities, through the ten-week total of twenty lessons were Course of Study. In the teaching process continue to collect information, including observations, videos, interviews, teaching reflection, documentation, etc. to be analyzed and summarized. In accordance with the purpose and results, the researcher summarized the main conclusions are as follows: I. In the area of human rights education, many schools use implicit style of teaching, less obvious human rights issues, and the tendency to strengthen the teaching of students in terms of responsibility. Therefore, we can use the parallel rights and responsibilities of teaching strategies. II. In the four fundamental rights of the Convention on Rights of the Child as the basis, design the corresponding responsibility of teaching programs for thematic teaching, so as to help students develop the basic concepts of human rights. III. Using multiple teaching strategies such as role-playing, group games, experience activities and diverse materials, such as videos, picture books, news and current affairs, can deepen students' understanding of rights and responsibilities and reflection; the course of different expressions pipeline, more allow students to express their views. IV. Learning effectiveness analysis shows that the present teaching programs can strengthen students' "right to life", "right to protection", "right to development", "participation rights" concept of rights and responsibilities; from the feedback, students prefer activities style course. V. Through action research, the researcher acquired expertise in human rights education, upgrade using multiple teaching strategies and teaching materials on human rights expertise, and the promotion of positive attitudes towards human rights education. The researcher make recommendations based on research findings can be the reference as for the future teachers and researchers.

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Wu, Wan-Chen, et 吳宛真. « The Research in European Court of Human Rights about The Freedom of Expression ». Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86340780237199468805.

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碩士
淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
95
Freedom of expression is a basic right of the citizen. It is not only the important premise and guarantee that the citizen exercises other rights, but also the main factor and foundation of the democracy. In Article 19 of《the world Declaration of Human Rights》 and Article 10 of 《European human rights convention》, the statements ruled for expression as a free guarantee clearly. It’s impossible for us to talk about human rights without taking attention in the real world nowadays. The European are always proud of their human rights implement and this fulfillment is inseparable with the European Court of human Rights in Strasbourg. My discourse will take case law about the freedom of express in the European court of human rights as clues to research .

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Lin, Rose, et 林師如. « Research on Human Rights Education : Teachers’ Literacy and their Orientation about Students’ Management ». Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94973491498545668283.

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碩士
國立台北師範學院
教育政策與管理研究所
92
Research on Human Rights Education: Teachers’ Literacy and their Orientation about Students’ Management ＜Abstract＞ The purposes of this study are to understand the status, difference and relationship of elementary school teachers’ literacy about human rights education and their orientation about students’ management. In the end, I propose some suggestions to improve teachers’ literacy about human rights education and establish an appropriate orientation about students’ management. Teachers’ backgrounds are different from gender, job position, professional background, location of school, size of school. Teachers’ Literacy about Human Rights Education includes three aspects: recognition about human rights education, attitude about human rights education and skill about human rights education. The Teachers’ Orientation about Students’ Management includes four aspects: authoritative orientation, tied orientation, compliant orientation and monitory orientation. After collecting and analyzing related reference, I construct 「Teachers’ Literacy about Human Rights Education Questionnaire」and「Orientation about Students’ Management Questionnaire」.Next, I draw 357 teachers as samples from the 357 elementary schools and launch a survey. Acquired data are analyzed by following statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, canonical correlation, and multiple regressions. Findings of this study are as follows: 1. Elementary school teachers’ literacy about human rights education is adequate. 2. There are significant differences between job position and size of school in elementary school teachers’ literacy about human rights education, but there are no significant differences within gender, years of teaching , professional background and location of school. 3. Elementary school teachers’ orientation is prone to humanistic orientation. 4. There are significant differences within gender, years of teaching, job position and size of school in elementary school teachers’ orientation, but there are no significant differences within professional background and location of school. 5. The relationship between elementary school teachers’ about human rights education and their orientation about students’ management is adequate and reverse. 6. Elementary school teachers’ literacy about human rights education has prediction toward their orientation about students’ management. 7. The relationship between elementary school teachers’ literacy about human rights education and their is complex and diverse. 8. In the end, this study proposes some suggestions toward educational organizations, organizations for educating teachers’, schools, teachers and following research. Keyword: human rights、human rights education、literacy about human rights education、orientation about students’ management

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Shao, TSU-WEI, et 邵祖威. « Research of Judicial Human Rights Spirt in Tang Dynasty：Focus on Law and Case ». Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03448300440083509684.

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Kung, Chune-Chun, et 龔仲軍. « The Research of Protection Labor Rights in Foreign Workers- from The Human Agency Perspective ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/977v9u.

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碩士
國立中正大學
勞工關係研究所
105
At the end of March 2016, foreign workers in Taiwan has 59 million people. With the opening of the introduction of foreign workers to work in Taiwan, human agency industry also will flourish. According to the statistics by Ministry of Labor, until the end of March 2016, Taiwan still has 1,472 operating agency. For this paper in depth the plight of foreign workers in Taiwan, the human agency employees on recruitment, introduction and management of foreign workers derived from illegal, the legal gray areas and the management of the company and other human agency.

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Yeh, Chia-Chi, et 葉佳琪. « Action research of human rights education program implemented in junior high school social studies ». Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30053929284966250938.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
國民教育學系碩士班
96
The purpose of this article was to develop the proper human rights education program for the junior high school students. On the one hand, it would promote students’ human rights knowledge and attitudes. On the other hand, it would develop the human rights education program infused into the citizen education curriculum. Therefore, the purposes of this research were: 1. To develop the human rights education program through action research. 2. To explore the effects of this program. 3. To promote the researcher’s theaching professional growth. According to these purposes, the researcher adopted the method of action research, and the samples were 36 eighth-grade students. This research adopted multiple methods of collecting data, including classroom observation, interview, document collection, and questionnaire. The results of the research could be summed up as below: 1. The processes of developing the human rights education program: (1) The teaching objectives of this program were combined original curriculum objectives and human rights education competence indicators. (2) The content of this program was based on the school textbook, and integrated human rights education activities. (3) The researcher used multiple teaching methods which helped the students to learn the concepts of human rights. (4) The researcher used qualitative and quantitative evaluation to examine the learning achievement of the students. 2. The effects of implementing the human rights education program: (1) As far as human rights knowledge pretest and posttest were concerned, the human rights education program had a significant effect on the human rights knowledge of the junior high school students. (2) As far as human rights attitudes pretest and posttest were concerned, there was no significant effect in the human rights attitudes for the junior high school students. But through classrom observation, interview record, and worksheets, the researcher founded the human rights attitudes of the junior high shool students progressed. 3. The researcher's teaching professional growth: (1) It took not only teaching knowledge but also attitudes to realize human rights education. (2) The researcher's the ability of curriculum reflection and adaotion was promoted. (3) The researcher could use mutiple teaching methods to motivate students’ interests. (4) The researcher set a good model for students, and encouraged students to learn human rights.

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