Articles de revues : « Human rights – European Union »

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Tymchyshyn, T. M. « HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ». Juridical scientific and electronic journal, n^o 1 (2020) : 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2020-1/72.

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Sadin Esgerzade, Roza. « Avropa Ittifaqında insan və vətəndaş hüquqlarının ümumi prinsipləri ». SCIENTIFIC WORK 77, n^o 4 (17 avril 2022) : 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/77/137-141.

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The EU, being a complex regional integration body, goes beyond the modern understanding of international organizations. This unique institution has unique criteria and characteristics in the field of human rights and freedoms, as in any other field. The institution of human and civil rights and freedoms in the EU is a key part of the Union's “constitutional law”. In the EU, institutional acts are primarily a source of human and civil rights and freedoms. However, not all rights and freedoms are fully reflected in the institutional acts. These documents mainly refer to “Union citizenship”. Taking all this into account, we can say that the study of the general principles of the European Union is very relevant for our time. Key words: European Union, civil rights, human rights, general principles, integration Roza Sadin Əsgərzadə Avropa Ittifaqında insan və vətəndaş hüquqlarının ümumi prinsipləri Xülasə Aİ mürəkkəb regional inteqrasiya qurumu olmaqla beynəlxalq təşkilatların müasir anlayışından kənara çıxır. Bu unikal qurumun hər bir sahədə olduğu kimi insan hüquq və azadlıqları sahəsində də özünəməxsus meyarları və xüsusiyyətləri vardır. Aİ-də insan və vətəndaş hüquq və azadlıqları institutu İttifaqın “konstitusiya hüququ”nun əsas hissəsidir. Aİ-də institusional aktlar ilk növbədə insan və vətəndaş hüquq və azadlıqlarının mənbəyidir. Lakin institusional aktlarda bütün hüquq və azadlıqlar tam əks olunmur. Bu sənədlər əsasən “İttifaq vətəndaşlığına” aiddir. Bütün bunları nəzərə alaraq deyə bilərik ki, Avropa İttifaqının ümumi prinsiplərinin öyrənilməsi müasir dövrümüz üçün çox aktualdır. Açar sözlər: Avropa İttifaqı, vətəndaş hüquqları, insan hüquqları, ümumi prinsiplər, inteqrasiya

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von Bogdandy, Armin. « The European Union as a Human Rights Organization ? Human Rights and the Core of the European Union ». Common Market Law Review 37, Issue 6 (1 décembre 2000) : 1307–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/315870.

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Cała-Wacinkiewicz, Ewelina. « EU’s Human Rights Protection Policy ». Reality of Politics 3, n^o 1 (31 mars 2012) : 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201201.

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The overall objective of this paper is to outline the evolution of human rights policy in the European Union, with particular emphasis on the delimitation of time resulting from the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon signed on 13 December 2007, which revealed how strongly law is related to politics. Focusing on that issue is not accidental. This results from the fact that the European Union is an excellent example of an international organization whose priority aim at the moment of its creation was not the protection of human rights treated as an end in itself, and which in the course of its development has made the protection and promotion of human rights, “a silver thread running through all EU actions “. The specific objectives (though no less important from the point of view of the essence of human rights protection in the European Union) are: to show the systemic nature of the protection of those rights, the nature which is increasingly becoming part of the European Union, hitherto breaking somewhat the monopoly of the Council of Europe in this field; and to evaluate the European Union policy on the protection of human rights.

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Humbat Hasanli, Shabnam. « Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin Beynəlxalq Hüquqi Statusu ». SCIENTIFIC WORK 76, n^o 3 (18 mars 2022) : 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/76/133-137.

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The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is an international tribunal established in 1959 under the auspices of the Council of Europe, an international organization. The Court is a judicial body to which individuals, communities, legal entities and other States may apply under certain procedures and rules in the event of a violation of the fundamental rights provided for in the European Convention on Human Rights and its Additional Protocols. The 47 members of the Council of Europe recognize the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. Although the use of the Council of Europe's flag by the European Union today is confusing, the European Court of Human Rights is a body of the Council of Europe, an almost separate international organization, and not of the European Union. However, the European Convention on Human Rights and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights are indispensable minimum standards for the European Union. All this is the topic of the article “International legal status of the European Court of Human Rights” is very relevant today. Key words: Europe, human rights, judiciary, international law system, ECHR Şəbnəm Hümbət qızı Həsənli Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin Beynəlxalq Hüquqi Statusu Xülasə Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsi (AİHM) 1959-cu ildə beynəlxalq təşkilat olan Avropa Şurasının nəzdində yaradılmış beynəlxalq məhkəmədir. Məhkəmə Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Konvensiyası və onun əlavə protokolları ilə təmin edilən əsas hüquqların pozulması halında fiziki şəxslərin, icmaların, hüquqi şəxslərin və digər dövlətlərin müəyyən prosedur və qaydalar çərçivəsində müraciət edə biləcəyi məhkəmə orqanıdır. Avropa Şurasının 47 üzvü Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin yurisdiksiyasını tanıyır. Bu gün Avropa İttifaqının Avropa Şurasına məxsus bayraqdan istifadə etməsi müxtəlif çaşqınlıqlara səbəb olsa da, Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsi Avropa İttifaqının deyil, demək olar ki, ayrıca beynəlxalq təşkilat olan Avropa Şurasının orqanıdır. Bununla belə, İnsan Hüquqları üzrə Avropa Konvensiyası və Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin məhkəmə təcrübəsi Avropa İttifaqı üçün əvəzolunmaz minimum standartları təşkil edir. Bütün bunlar “Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin beynəlxalq hüquqi statusu” adlı məqalə mövzusu müasir dövr üçün olduqca aktualdır. Açar sözlər: Avropa, insan hüquqları, məhkəmə, beynəlxalq hüquq sistemi, AİHM

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Jain, Rajendra K. « India, the European Union and Human Rights ». India Quarterly : A Journal of International Affairs 73, n^o 4 (8 novembre 2017) : 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928417731640.

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Growing media attention and international criticism about human rights violations in the wake of the resurgence of insurgency led India to make major policy changes in its attitude towards human rights and begin to discuss human rights with the European Union for the first time in 1990. This article critically examines Indian perceptions of the EU’s approach towards human rights since the 1990s to the present. It evaluates Indian responses to the inclusion of human rights provisions in trade agreements and criticism of the ‘one size fits all’ model of the Europeans for the promotion of human rights. It explores the sources of Indian scepticism about the international human rights regime and criticism of Western countries’ selectivity in enforcing human rights. In the ultimate analysis, the responsibility for initiating and implementing the multitude of structural, economic, social and political reforms necessary to improve human rights implementation must be taken by Indians themselves. External players can only play a supportive role and their capacities to bring about fundamental change are necessarily limited.

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Nastic, Maja. « Human rights in the European Union constitution ». Medjunarodni problemi 58, n^o 1-2 (2006) : 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0602104n.

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The paper deals with the innovations the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe brings into the field of human rights. One of them is incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights into the very Constitution. In this way, a political declaration adopted in Nice has become a legal document, achieving also constituionalisation of fundamental rights at the Union level. Secondly, there is an explicit possibility for the EU to accede the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Within that context the author considers the relationship between the Charter of Human Rights and the European Convention, as well as the relationship between the two courts: the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice.

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Ayata, Ali. « Human rights aspects of european foreign policy ». New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, n^o 2 (12 janvier 2016) : 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i2.406.

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The development policy of the European Union is a policy area that has developed rapidly, especially after the Cold War and the conflicts between Eastern countries. In the 1990s, the EU issued a development profile and started the human rights and democracy concepts into the Treaty of European Union officially as guiding principles in its foreign policy. Even before the importance of human rights and democracy in the founding treaties of the European Union was mentioned, strengthening the identity of the European Union could be brought at the international level from the start with respect for these criteria together, because these criteria were the grounds for the EU. The specific aim of this work is to consider the human rights dimension of EU development, cooperation and also some related policy issues and implementation problems in practice, which are considered in theoretical approaches in the study. It should be also noted that while the EU acts as an institution and also relief organization, it makes use of its own funds and budgets, not its Member States. Within this context, the activities of the Union to promote human rights could be interpreted as cultural imperialism.Â Â Â Â Keywords: Human Rights, European Union, Foreign Policy, Cultural Imperialism.

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Williams, Andrew. « Mapping Human Rights, Reading the European Union ». European Law Journal 9, n^o 5 (décembre 2003) : 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0386.2003.00197.x.

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da Costa Leite Borges, Danielle. « Making sense of human rights in the context of European Union health-care policy : individualist and communitarian views ». International Journal of Law in Context 7, n^o 3 (septembre 2011) : 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552311000176.

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AbstractThis article discusses the European Union health-care policy from a human rights law point of view. It departs from the analysis of international and European human rights documents in order to identify core elements and principles associated with the right to access health-care services. These elements and principles are then used to distinguish between individualist and communitarian views of health-care rights and to argue that a human rights approach to the right to access health-care services promotes a communitarian view of this right whereas European Union health-care policy has been promoting an individualist view of this right.

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Melnyk, O. « EXTRAJUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE SPHERE OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN THE EU ». Grail of Science, n^o 14-15 (9 juin 2022) : 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.27.05.2022.027.

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In general, there are judicial and extrajudicial ways to protect human rights in the EU. Judicial protection of human rights from violations by international institutions falls within the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice. Extrajudicial institutions that protect the rights of the individual include the following: the Ombudsman of the European Union, the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights, and EU bodies such as the European Commission and the Council of the EU. It should be noted that the functions of these bodies in the field of individual rights are to protect the rights of the individual from violations by the bodies of the European Union and not the EU Member States. Extrajudicial bodies responsible for the protection of individual rights should be distinguished as follows. Depending on the purpose of education: specialized institutions for the protection of individual rights: the Agency for Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the Ombudsman of the European Union, and bodies of general competence: the European Commission or the Council of the EU. According to the subject of the appeal to the Institute for Protection of Rights: the Ombudsman of the European Union, for appeals of individuals, the Agency for Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which provides for appeals of certain bodies of the European Union and the Council of the EU. The Council of the European Union is the main body of the EU in terms of performing various functions. It is considered the main rule-making body of the EU. It is important to note that the issue of protection of individual rights is not a priority, but only one of the functions of this EU body. The main executive body of the EU is the Commission of the European Union, which performs the function of investigating illegal actions and can impose penalties on violators. The object of illegal actions may be an offense by a Member State of the requirements imposed on it by the EU's founding treaties, including human rights offenses. The basis in this process, within the framework of the investigation, is the right of both natural and legal persons to apply to the Commission for illegal actions committed by a Member State. The human rights procedures used by the Commission should be considered quite effective, as they combine both information and representation. Since the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, the EU has established a mechanism for the protection of human rights, namely the Ombudsman of the European Union.

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Halberstam, Daniel. « Opinion 2/13 of the Court (C.J.E.U.) ». International Legal Materials 55, n^o 2 (avril 2016) : 267–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.55.2.0267.

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Opinion 2/13 of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) declared the draft agreement on European Union accession to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) incompatible with the Treaty on European Union. The Opinion comes toward the end of a long and gradual process of incorporating human and fundamental rights principles into the legal system of the European Community and its successor, the European Union. Opinion 2/13 sends the Commission back to the drawing board on what has long been seen as the capstone of that process—EU accession to the Strasbourg human rights regime as an external check on human rights protection within the European Union.

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Mokrá, Lucia, et Kristína Janková. « EU as a human rights actor ? » Bratislava Law Review 2, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2018) : 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2018.2.2.117.

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The human rights are fundamental principle of the European Union law, which should be observed in adoption of legislative rules as well as in implementation practice. The EU had been initially founded as the economic cooperation project and an ambition to establish cooperation between its member states also in political agenda became more visible especially since the Lisbon Treaty, by which the position of EU in area of external relations was strengthened. The paper analyses position of the European Union when promoting and protecting human rights in external relations. As there exist several tools and mechanisms EU may use in implementation of human rights policy, we analyze the role of the EU in relation to the application of human rights in foreign policy as stated in Article 2 and Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union.

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MARYNIV I. I. et MOKHONCHUK P. S. « PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ». LAW AND INNOVATIVE SOCIETY 12, n^o 1 (2019) : 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2309-9275-2019-12-1-67.

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Leonov, Andrey S. « SECURING HUMAN RIGHTS IN EUROPEAN UNION MIGRATION MANAGEMENT ». Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, n^o 4-5 (2017) : 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2017-4-5-18.

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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. « THE EUROPEAN UNION AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA ». Human Rights Law in Africa Online 4, n^o 1 (1999) : 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160699x00068.

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Khaliq, Urfan. « Book Review : The European Union and Human Rights ». Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 3, n^o 1 (mars 1996) : 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x9600300108.

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Conant, Lisa. « Compelling criteria ? Human rights in the European Union ». Journal of European Public Policy 21, n^o 5 (28 avril 2014) : 713–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.897742.

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Roer-Eide, Haakon, et Mariolina Eliantonio. « The Meaning of Regulatory Act Explained : Are There Any Significant Improvements for the Standing of Non-Privileged Applicants in Annulment Actions ? » German Law Journal 14, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2013) : 1851–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002522.

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The right to an effective legal remedy is a generally accepted principle of modern legal systems and is enshrined in national constitutions as well as international treaties, such as the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. On the European Union (hereinafter EU) level, the right to an effective remedy is laid down in Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

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Rosas, Allan. « The European Union and Fundamental Rights/Human Rights : Vanguard or Villain ? » Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza 7 (15 décembre 2017) : 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2017.7.01.

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The protection of fundamental rights and human rights in the European Union has witnessed several phases and fluctuations. In the early days of European integration, whilst it would be exaggerated to brand the then Communities a ‘villain,’ there was no explicit recognition of fundamental rights/human rights as being part of Community law. I hope it should have become clear by now that the Union does not fit particularly well into any of these two extremes. But by comparison to the other EU institutions, the Court of Justice has been somewhat of a forerunner, taking the first steps towards a fundamental rights system already in 1969 and contributing in many respects to its further development.

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Duodu, Sara. « European Identity and the Challenges of Turkish Accession to the European Union ». General Assembly Review 2, n^o 1 (19 janvier 2021) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/tgar.v2i1.10246.

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In 2005, Turkey entered into negotiations for membership with the European Union. Turkey has been an important strategic ally to the European Union in the Middle East, explaining the mutual desire for closer ties between the two. While these negotiations showed promise early on, it has become increasingly apparent that Turkish accession to the European Union will not come easily, if at all. Officially, the European Union cites Turkey’s shortcomings on issues such as human rights as the reason for the stall in negotiations. However, upon closer inspection, it is evident that there is more at play, particularly as the European Union has been inconsistent in their approach to addressing human rights violations. Member states such as Poland and Hungary, which have recent human rights violations, have not faced the same kind of condemnation that Turkey has from the leaders of the European Union. The reality is that the European Union is largely united by its shared Europeanness and Christianity. As a result, due to questions over Turkey’s Europeanness and its large Muslim majority, the European Union is apprehensive to afford it full membership. It can be said that the European Union has maintained that Turkish accession is still possible in order to continue reaping the strategic benefits from close relations with Turkey.

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Besson, S. « The European Union and Human Rights : Towards A Post-National Human Rights Institution ? » Human Rights Law Review 6, n^o 2 (22 juillet 2006) : 323–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngl001.

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Frid-Nielsen, Snorre Sylvester. « Human rights or security ? Positions on asylum in European Parliament speeches ». European Union Politics 19, n^o 2 (16 février 2018) : 344–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116518755954.

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This study examines speeches in the European Parliament relating to asylum. Conceptually, it tests hypotheses concerning the relation between national parties and Members of European Parliament. The computer-based content analysis method Wordfish is used to examine 876 speeches from 2004 to 2014, scaling Members of European Parliament along a unidimensional policy space. Debates on asylum predominantly concern positions for or against European Union security measures. Surprisingly, national party preferences for European Union integration were not the dominant factor. The strongest predictors of Members of European Parliament's positions are their national parties’ general ‘right-left’ preferences, and duration of European Union membership. Generally, Members of European Parliament from Central and Eastern Europe and the European People's Party take up pro-security stances. Wordfish was effective and valid, confirming the relevance of automated content analysis for studying the European Union.

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Roots, Lehte. « The LGBTI Rights in European Union – Do Survivals get Pension ? » Athens Journal of Law 8, n^o 2 (31 mars 2022) : 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.8-2-1.

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The rights and discrimination of LGBTI people is constantly changing in the time and space. The approach to this specific group of people depends from the values and morality that is prevailing in the leading political parties of the state. All humans are equal and the first article of Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that „all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood”. This basic universal value seems to be forgotten in case of giving rights to LGBTI people. European case law has also fixed the superiority of the EU in this matter and some cases of the CJEU will be discussed to give an example of the power of interpretation of law. It shows how limiting one right (survival’s pension) will change also the power balance in same-sex partnership. This article will explore and analyse the legal, political approaches to LGBTI rights in European Union using the examples of Estonia and Poland. Keywords: Partnership; Same sex union; Charter of Fundamental Rights; Discrimination; LGBT; Human rights: Family rights; Survival’s pension

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Brittain, Stephen. « The Relationship Between the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights : an Originalist Analysis ». European Constitutional Law Review 11, n^o 3 (décembre 2015) : 482–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019615000255.

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European Convention on Human Rights and the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights: relationship – Teleological method of interpretation of the European Court of Justice: meaning, justifications, and criticisms – Originalist method of interpretation: meaning, justifications, and criticisms – Original meaning of Article 52(3) of the Charter: text, drafting history, case law – Conclusion: case law of European Court of Human Rights not strictly binding on the Court of Justice of the European Union.

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Danėlienė, Ingrida. « Who is Entitled to the Right to Respect for Family Life Under the European Union Law ? » Teisė 110 (20 février 2019) : 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2019.110.2.

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[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The article investigates the right to respect for family life, established by Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as applied and interpreted in conjunction with the right to marry and the right to found a family, laid down in Article 9 of the Charter. The standard of protection set by European Union law regarding these rights is identified by taking into account the standard of protection of the relevant rights established by the European Convention on Human Rights and the established case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Topical issues relating to the consolidation of these individual rights at the national level in the Republic of Lithuania are also addressed in the article. In doing so, an emphasis is laid on the content of the concepts of “family” and “family life” under supranational and national law.

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Jiménez Sánchez, Carolina. « EU, Trading and human rights : consistent framework ? » Age of Human Rights Journal, n^o 17 (17 décembre 2021) : 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v17.6124.

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The relationship between European Union and International Human Rights Law has not always been close. The global projection of the EU, specially, its interest in becoming a leader in international trade, is facing its negative impact in some territories, specially those affected by human rights violation or negation of fundamental rules of International Law, such as ius cogens self-determination of people. This paper will examine to what extend the practice of the European Union trading with occupying and administrative powers in some territories could jeopardise its compliance with its own values and principles.

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Antonopoulos, Irene. « The day after : Protecting the human rights affected by environmental challenges after the EU accession to the European Convention on Human Rights ». Environmental Law Review 20, n^o 4 (décembre 2018) : 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461452918799296.

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This article explores whether a potential accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights, offers a more effective method of protection for ‘environmental human rights’: those rights whose enjoyment is allegedly affected by environmental challenges. The European Court of Human Rights has decided on claims of alleged violations of human rights by both environmental degradation and the enforcement of environmental protection policies implementing EU environmental law. On the other hand, the capacity of the Court of Justice of the European Union to decide on human rights issues has been repeatedly challenged, while the inability of the Court to protect procedural (environmental) rights when it came to NGOs, allows for challenging the capacity of the Court of Justice of the European Union to protect substantive (environmental) rights as well. Will an accession mean that applicants will be able to bring claims for alleged violations, caused by the enforcement of EU generated environmental protection policies, against the EU Institutions rather than the enforcing State? This article follows the relevant developments towards the accession, and consequently seeks to determine how the day after the accession will look for the protection of human rights affected by environmental challenges.

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Peers, Steve. « Bosphorus – European Court of Human Rights ». European Constitutional Law Review 2, n^o 3 (octobre 2006) : 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019606004433.

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The position of human rights within the European Union legal order has been an issue since the early years of the original European Economic Community. For many years, the development of human rights as general principles of Community law was characterized by dialogue and debate between the Communities' Court of Justice on the one hand, and certain national constitutional courts on the other, as regards the protection of human rights recognized in national constitutions by the Community legal order. But in recent years, there has been a parallel dialogue between the Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights, as regards the Community legal order's protection of the rights guaranteed by the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR).

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Volger, Claus. « Status detentionis, human dignity and protection of human rights in the European criminal law ». Yearbook of International & ; European Criminal and Procedural Law 1, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2023) : 425–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/yiecpl.33011.

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Human life and dignity, the status of prisoners, their problems and rights after the Tampere European Council and the CFREU are still an ongoing topic and main objective for the European area of freedom, security and justice. Their implementation is a very difficult path not due to the overcrowding of the European prison system but also due to the lack of internal, national rules that hinder human dignity and life of prisoners. The jurisprudence of the two European Courts (Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is rich and indirectly it highlights a continuous impartial dialogue to address delicate problems of vulnerable people such as prisoners and still unresolved issues that are based on articles of the treaty of Lisbon and the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU).

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Ruys, Tom. « The European Union Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime (EUGHRSR) ». International Legal Materials 60, n^o 2 (4 mars 2021) : 298–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2021.8.

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On December 7, 2020, the Council of the European Union adopted two legal instruments, Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/1999 and Council Regulation (EU) 2020/1998, which together make up the new EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime (EUGHRSR). Similar to the U.S. “Global Magnitsky Act,” and in contrast with the EU's existing country-specific sanctions regimes, the EUGHRSR seeks to address human rights abuses worldwide, by providing for the imposition of travel bans as well as financial sanctions on individual human rights offenders—state and non-state alike. The list of designated (natural and legal) persons will be reviewed on a periodic basis.

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Rożek, Kacper. « RIGHT TO GOOD ADMINISTRATION AS SEEN BY THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ». Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, n^o XVIII (30 juin 2018) : 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5984.

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The following article analyzes the judicature of the European Court of Human Rights in search for the definition of the term “right to good administration”, which is new for the whole administrative law branch and, at the same time, very important as far as an individual citizen is concerned. The research has been supported by the already existing view in literature as well as by the analysis of the legal provisions as adopted by the Euro¬pean Union. The result of the aforementioned explorations is surprising. It turned out that the European Court of Human Rights had already touched upon the said term, which is “right to good administration”, even before it became the subject of interest in the European Union. The Court, in its verdicts, also highlighted such characteristics as the principle of proportionality or thorough, objective and fast-paced administrative proceedings. As far as the European Court of Human Rights is concerned, the right to good administration should be treated as one of the key rights in the public law doctrine.

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Toth, A. G. « The European Union and Human Rights : The Way Forward ». Common Market Law Review 34, Issue 3 (1 juin 1997) : 491–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/137033.

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Hodgson, John. « The impact of the European Union on Human Rights ». British Journal of Nursing 18, n^o 7 (9 avril 2009) : 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2009.18.7.41659.

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Dunér, Bertil, et Edward Deverell. « Country Cousin : Turkey, the European Union and Human Rights ». Turkish Studies 2, n^o 1 (janvier 2001) : 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2001.11009171.

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Iksanov, I. S. « The Role of the European Court of Justice in the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms ». Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 9, n^o 3 (4 décembre 2019) : 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2019-9-3-73-76.

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The article discusses the role of the European Court of Justice, the specifics of its activities, and its goals. The author also touches upon the historical aspect of the development of the European Court. According to the author, the European Court of Justice has had a beneficial effect on the development of the rights granted by Union citizenship. The actions of the European Court of Justice have created new ground for persons with Union citizenship, increasing access to social benefits beyond the rights of economic migrants, for all those who exercise their European rights. The European Court of Justice sought to allow students to travel for their education, looking for new ways to ensure their free movement and learning with funding in the event of unforeseen events. It is essential that the court focuses on three core values so that citizenship does not become a limitation: nondiscrimination, the right to freedom of movement and the right to family life. The European court of human rights is an international judicial body; its jurisdiction extends to all member States of the Union. The main thing for the European Court of Justice is to ensure compliance with and enforcement of the Convention by the States parties. Also, when considering cases, the Court can point to gaps in legislation and issues concerning law enforcement practice, positively influencing law enforcement policy and legal proceedings, and, as a result, contribute to the improvement of the law enforcement system. This article reflects the activities of the European Court of Justice aimed at identifying the problematic aspects of the legislation of the European Union.

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Bossuyt, Marc, et Willem Verrijdt. « The Full Effect of EU Law and of Constitutional Review in Belgium and France after the Melki Judgment ». European Constitutional Law Review 7, n^o 3 (octobre 2011) : 355–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019611300028.

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Coincidence of human rights review by national and European courts – Courts questioning and delimiting each other's jurisdiction – Evolution of judicial review of legislation in Belgium and France – Rules giving priority to national human rights review over European human rights review – Melki judgment Court of Justice – Conformity with Union law – Balance between effectiveness of EU review and effectiveness of constitutional review – Effectiveness of human rights – Obligatory a priori human rights review of secondary Union law

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Triangle, Luc. « Workers' involvement in the European Company — the SE Guidelines of the European Metalworkers Federation ». Transfer : European Review of Labour and Research 11, n^o 2 (mai 2005) : 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890501100208.

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In June 2003 the Executive Committee of the European Metalworkers' Federation (EMF) adopted guidelines for negotiations on the introduction of a European Company (SE) under the European Company Statute. These guidelines are binding on EMF-affiliated trade unions. The guidelines set out a common understanding and political decisions reached within the EMF with regard to the European Company Statute, and, more specifically, the information, consultation and participation rights of workers in an SE. These rights involve the possible participation of workers' representatives and/or trade union representatives in the boards of directors or supervisory boards of SEs. The development of these guidelines was not an easy exercise for the EMF because of national differences on this issue, in particular with regard to participation rights. However, the process was necessary in order to be able to have a common European trade union position in any future negotiations with companies seeking to become an SE.

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Gentimir, Alina. « ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AS FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT GUARANTEED TO THE EUROPEAN LEVEL ». Present Environment and Sustainable Development 14, n^o 2 (14 octobre 2020) : 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2020142009.

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The article examines, in a comparative perspective, both legal framework of the European Union and Council of Europe and case law of the Court of Justice of European Union and European Court of Human Rights in order to highlight superior level of the right to a healthy environment European protection. The multitude of concepts related to the environmental protection and their connections require compulsory conceptual delimitations. As other international and regional organizations, the European Union expresses interest in environmental protection, consecrating to it numerous legal instruments, the most relevant of these, in terms of human rights, being the Charter of Fundamental Rights, in which (Article 37) is provided expressly that environmental protection is a fundamental right, unlike the Council of Europe where this right is recognized only as an indirect right. Affiliation of this right to a certain category of rights – global rights, solidarity rights or individual or collective rights – has been a source of both doctrinal and jurisprudential disputes. Genuine interdependence with other fundamental rights such as the right to life, the right to private and family life, right to property and right to information ensues from the substance of the right to protection of the environment. The presentation of the principles which outline the content of the right in discussion emphasizes that the Charter text was drafted in accordance with the latest developments in the field of normative and jurisprudential environment established at international, regional and national levels, respectively, in interaction with the principle of sustainable development. Finally, an analysis of the most frequent modalities of environmental degradation contributes to find proper mechanisms for a better guarantee of the respect of environmental protection as a fundamental right.

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Schokkenbroek, Jeroen G. C. « Book Reviews : European Union – The Human Rights Challenge Vol. I : Human Rights and the European Community : A Critical Overview, European Union – The Human Rights Challenge Vol. II : Human Rights and the European Community : Methods of Protection Vol. III : Human Rights and the European Community : The Substantive Law ». Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 1, n^o 4 (décembre 1994) : 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x9400100406.

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Madalin-Catalin Blidaru. « EU’s human rights dialogues with Belarus and the developments around presidential elections ». Technium Social Sciences Journal 11 (29 août 2020) : 378–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v11i1.1573.

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. The 2020 presidential elections in Belarus were characterised by widely recognised human rights violations. The European Union decided not to recognise the results after important declarations and consultations among its leaders. However, the European Union and Belarus were engaged in a structured human rights dialogue. The author discusses the links between the human rights dialogue as a foreign policy instrument and the dynamics around the 2020 presidential elections in Belarus. The hypothesis stresses that the evolution of the bilateral dialogues provides information on the developments within the relations between the European Union and Belarus. The case study, based on extensive analysis of official documents, finds additional support for the claim against the effectiveness of the human right s dialogues with third parties. Apart from a better understanding and a channel of dialogue with the country, the human rights topics recreated an environment in which it justified the return to restrictions and sanctions against individuals involved in illegitimate actions. The historical analysis of the presidential elections, particularly the climate around their organisation, the assessment of the human rights dialogues as a policy tool, and the analysis of the official dialogues on the thematic areas of concerns from the human rights dialogues support this hypothesis.

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Sadeleer, Nicolas de. « Enforcing EUCHR Principles and Fundamental Rights in Environmental Cases ». Nordic Journal of International Law 81, n^o 1 (2012) : 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x618758.

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So far, EU treaty law does not encapsulate any individually justiciable rights to a clean environment or to health. The article explores whether individuals can rely on the environmental duties embodied in the European Union Charter of Human Rights (EUCHR), and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in cases falling within the scope of EU environmental law. Moreover, it takes a close examination of the case law of both the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights regarding the standing of individuals whose environment is impaired.

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Jacqmain, Jean. « Crónica de la jurisprudencia europea sobre igualdad (De 1/9/2017 a 31/8/2018) = Chronicle of the European case law on equality (from 1/9/2017 to 31/8/2018) ». FEMERIS : Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género 4, n^o 2 (20 mai 2019) : 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2019.4771.

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Resumen. El estudio aborda el análisis de las sentencias dictadas en aplicación del principio de igualdad de trato y oportunidades desde el 1 de septiembre de 2017 hasta el 31 de agosto de 2018 por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. También incluye sentencias y decisiones dictadas en ese periodo por el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos.Palabras clave: Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión de Europea, Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, Principio de igualdad de trato y de oportunidades.Abstract. This paper deals with the analysis of judgments related to the principle of equal treatment and opportunities and delivered from September 1, 2016 until August 31, 2017 by the Court of Justice of the European Union. It also includes judgments and decisions on the subject during this period issued by the European Court of Human RightsKeywords: Court of Justice of the European Union, European Court of Human Rights, Principle of equal treatment and opportunities.

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Galbreath, David J. « Human Rights and Minority Rights in the European Union by Kirsten Shoraka ». Human Rights Review 14, n^o 2 (23 mars 2013) : 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12142-013-0259-1.

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Gomes Beirão, Joana. « The EU’s accession to the ECHR and the Dublin Regulation : is accession still desirable ? » UNIO – EU Law Journal 8, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2022) : 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.8.1.4050.

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This paper addresses whether the European Union’s accession to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is still possible and desirable considering Opinion 2/13, as well as the caselaw of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on the application of the Dublin Regulation. It argues that accession is still possible, though negotiations of an accession agreement compliant with the conditions imposed by Opinion 2/13 may prove particularly difficult in practice. Additionally, it argues that accession is desirable if the principle of mutual trust is not upheld over human rights, since accession in these conditions would enhance human rights protection in the context of the application of the Dublin Regulation.

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Pasikowska-Schnass, Magdalena. « Eskualdeetako hizkuntza gutxituen estatusa Europar Batasunean ». BAT SOZIOLINGUISTIKA ALDIZKARIA 122-123, n^o 1 (2022) : 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.55714/bat-122123.10.

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In the European Union between 40 and 50 million people speak one of its regional and minority languages, some of which are at great risk. International bodies such as UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the OSCE are implementing initiatives to combat the loss of minority languages and protect their linguistic rights. Not respecting the rights of regions or minorities constitutes racial discrimination and the infringement of human rights. Although language policy is an exclusive competence of the Member States, the EU can support action to promote and protect the languages of the regions and their minorities. However, the complex political and economic situation of the EU at present is not conducive to such efforts. Nevertheless, over the years the European Union has implemented initiatives related to education in all areas of language use. The European Parliament supports the promotion of regional and minority languages and advocates the protection of languages at risk. This article sets out to describe the sociolinguistic situation in the European Union and to share the tools and initiatives created to maintain this linguistic diversity. • Key words: European Union, minority languages, language policy, legal protection, region.

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Matveevskaya, Anna S., Sergei N. Pogodin et Juntao Wang. « Problem of human rights violations during the migrant crisis in Europe ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, n^o 3 (2021) : 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.311.

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The aim of this study was to identify how Europe’s migrant crisis affected human rights in the European Union. It focuses on the observance of fundamental human rights in the context of migration. Violations directly related to migrants and refugees are considered. Human rights law is the most universal and general branch of law on which all other laws rely. The issue of observance of these rights becomes even more critical in regard to forced migration. While these rights are guaranteed to ‘all members of the human family’, there are conditions under which universally recognized human rights should be protected and justified with particular care. Obviously, inalienable human rights may easily be compromised when it comes to prisoners or refugees. Ensuring human rights in the European Union is based on a variety of international treaties, EU regulations and internal legislation of the member countries which have adopted high standards in the field of human rights protection. With regard to the right to asylum as an essential component of the human rights law, it can be stated that an unprecedented level of integration has enabled the EU to establish a pan-European asylum system based on the standards enshrined in the 1951 Geneva Convention and the 1967 Additional Protocol, as well as to gain considerable experience in dealing with migrants and refugees and ensuring their inalienable rights. In general, legislation in this area is constantly being improved and it reflects modern challenges and threats. The member countries of the European Union are on the way to developing a unified approach to migration policy and international protection issues. However, the asylum system is imperfect and has numerous gaps, which have been repeatedly mentioned by experts and members of the academic community even before the migrant crisis began.

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Bazina, Olga O. « Human rights and biometric data. Social credit system ». Przegląd Europejski, n^o 4-2020 (14 décembre 2020) : 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.20.3.

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Biometrics, as a field of science, analyzes the physical and behavioral characteristics of people in order to identify their personality. A huge amount of technology in the field of biometric data collection is developed by IT giants like Google, Facebook, or Alibaba. The European Union (EU) took an important step towards biometric data confidentiality by developing a unified law on the protection of personal data (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR). The main goal of this action is to return control over personal data to European citizens and at the same time simplify the regulatory legal basis for companies. While European countries and organisations are introducing the GDPR into force, China since 2016 has launched a social credit system as a pilot project. The Social Credit Score (SCS) is based on collecting the maximum amount of data about citizens and assessing the reliability of residents based on their financial, social and online behavior. Only critical opinions can be read about the social credit system in European literature, although the opinions of persons being under this system – Chinese citizens – are quite positive. In this context, we should not forget about the big difference in the mentality of Asians and Europeans. The aim of this article is to compare EU law and the legislation of the People's Republic of China regarding the use and storage of biometric data. On the basis of statistical data and materials analysed, key conclusions will be formulated, that will allow to indicate differences in the positions of state institutions and the attitude of citizens to the issue of personal data protection in China and the European Union.

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Krämer, Ludwig. « Climate Change, Human Rights and Access to Justice ». Journal for European Environmental & ; Planning Law 16, n^o 1 (27 mars 2019) : 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01601003.

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This paper discusses, if and how the challenges of climate change could be brought in a case before the Court of Justice of the European Union. It concentrates on the admissibility of such a case and finds in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights the lever to overcome the obstacles which Article 263 tfeu places in front of members of the civil society. It discusses successively the questions of the Union act which might be tackled, the questions whether individual persons are directly and whether they are individually concerned by climate change decisions; and it ends with a short concluding remark.

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NOVITSKY, Vladislav V. « The Guarantees of Human Rights and Freedoms in the European Union : The Experience for Ukraine ». Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, n^o 7 (21 novembre 2019) : 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.7(37).25.

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The article examines the issues of guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the European Union, in particular, their concepts and varieties. The attention is focused on some differences in the understanding of the nature of human rights guarantees in domestic legal doctrine and in European law. In general terms, the content of the system of guarantees of human rights and freedoms operating within the European Union is revealed. It is concluded that within the European Union such guarantees always have a legal nature, since their implementation in public practice it is associated with the existence of relevant norms enshrined in both supranational EU law and in the law of the national member states of the EU.

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