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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Human rights – Eastern Europe »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Human rights – Eastern Europe"

Tomaševski, Katarina. « Human Rights in Eastern Europe ». Human Rights in Development Online 1, n^o 1 (1994) : 67–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160894x00070.

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Woodward, Beverly. « Human rights and the new Eastern Europe ». Peace Review 2, n^o 1 (janvier 1990) : 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659008425528.

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Kmezic, Marko. « Studies of Human Rights in South Eastern Europe ». Review of Central and East European Law 35, n^o 4 (2010) : 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157303510x12650378240593.

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King, Toby. « The European Community and Human Rights in Eastern Europe ». Legal Issues of Economic Integration 23, Issue 2 (1 décembre 1996) : 93–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie1996016.

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Nakarada, Radmila. « The Constitutional Promotion of Human Rights in Eastern Europe ». Alternatives : Global, Local, Political 15, n^o 2 (avril 1990) : 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437549001500205.

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Karadjova, Mariana. « Property Restitution in Eastern Europe : Domestic and International Human Rights Law Responses ». Review of Central and East European Law 29, n^o 3 (2004) : 325–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573035042132932.

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AbstractThis article presents an overview of how those East European countries that are members of the Council of Europe have approached the problems of restitution as a means of reparation for past injustices. In doing so, attention will be paid to: the entitled persons and the extent of restitution; the underlying motivations vis-à-vis the form of reparation (restitution in kind or compensation), and attitudes towards minority groups and foreigners as part of the restitution process. Emphasis will also be given to the role played by international instruments (the ECHR and its future Protocol 12, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, various UN resolutions, etc), as well as by judicial institutions (the European Court of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Committee) in the evolution of the restitution process in Eastern Europe in general, and regarding such issues as equality between foreigners and nationals as well as minority and religious groups and the elaboration of an international standard of restitution as reparation for abuses of human rights in particular. The bodies of the ECHR have managed to avoid problems related to restitution and reparations for past injustices by arguing that the right of restitution is not guaranteed by art.1 of Protocol 1 to the the ECHR. But the entry into force of a new Protocol 12 to the Convention will likely result in changes being made in this thought process, at least as regards the position of foreigners. If measures denying restitution, owing to the claimant's nationality, were taken after ratifi cation of Protocol 12, the way should be opened in the future to foreigners (in addition to procedures before the UN Human Rights Committee) to more effectively defend their rights relative to such restorative measures: notably, the possibility of seizing the Strasbourg Court with claims relating to justifi cation for "unequal treatment". The right to remedy the injustices committed to the victims of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law has appeared with increasing frequency on the agenda of the UN Commission on Human Rights. Furthermore, in its recent case law, the UN Human Rights Committee has evidenced a concern over several questions relating to the respect of possessions; it has already opted for the proposition that any discrimination on the basis of nationality in restitution legislation can be deemed to be a violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Lastly, after ratifi cation of Protocol 12, we can expect a link to be forged between the vision of the UN Commission on Human Rights and that of the European Court of Human Rights that may—in the future—lead to the elaboration of a common international mechanism regulating restitution as a means for the reparation of abuses of human rights.

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Subotić, Jelena. « Out of Eastern Europe ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 29, n^o 2 (mai 2015) : 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415569763.

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What is the contribution of Eastern European scholarship to the study of human rights and transitional justice? This essay takes stock of the most significant empirical and theoretical contributions of the study of Eastern Europe, specifically the study of the difficult case of the former Yugoslavia, to the scholarship on transitional justice. I identify three main challenges the scholarship on the former Yugoslavia has presented to the larger field of transitional justice: the political challenge of multiple overlapping transitions, the inability of international institutions to effect domestic social change, and the dangers of politicization of past violence remembrance.

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Nowak, Manfred. « The Right of Self-Determination and Protection of Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe in light of the case-law of the Human Rights Committee ». International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 1, n^o 1 (1993) : 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181193x00077.

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AbstractThe right of self-determination and protection of minorities in Central and Eastern Europe is discussed in the light of the case law of the Human Rights Committee, which shows that many traditional minorities in Central and Eastern Europe are to be qualified as minorities within the meaning of article 27 of the UN Covenant. The author concludes that the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights still remains the only international treaty guaranteeing protection to minorities and providing measures of international supervision. He argues for a common and internationally binding European agreement providing adequate protection against minority rights violations, be it in the framework of the CSCE, Council of Europe or an enlarged European Communities.

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Tyc, Aneta. « Migrant Domestic Workers in Europe : the Need for a Better Protection ». Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza 7 (15 décembre 2017) : 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2017.7.09.

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Migrant domestic workers are estimated at approximately 11.5 million persons worldwide. European women are being replaced in their household chores by immigrant women, e.g. from Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe. The paper focuses on human labour rights of domestic migrant workers, especially from the point of view of the typology which divides international standards concerning labour as a matter of human rights into four groups: rights relating to employment (eg. the prohibition of slavery and forced labour); rights deriving from employment (eg. the right to social security, the right to just and favourable conditions of work); rights concerning equal treatment and nondiscrimination, and instrumental rights (eg. the right to organise, the right to strike). The aim of this paper is to reveal insufficient effectiveness of human labour rights according to the above-mentioned typology. Thus, the author will concentrate on the issues of modern slavery, hyper-precarity and discrimination.

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Richardson-Little, Ned, Hella Dietz et James Mark. « New Perspectives on Socialism and Human Rights in East Central Europe since 1945 ». East Central Europe 46, n^o 2-3 (22 novembre 2019) : 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04602004.

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In recent years, the study of human rights history has expanded beyond Western-centered narratives, though the role of Eastern European state socialism and socialists in the evolution of human rights concepts and politics has not received sufficient attention. This introductory essay synthesizes recent research of the role of Eastern Bloc socialist states in shaping the emergence of the post-war human rights system and the implications of this new research for the history of the Cold War, dissent as well as the collapse of state socialism in 1989/91. Ultimately, state socialist actors were not merely human rights antagonists, but contributed to shaping the international arena and human rights politics, motivated both strategically as well as ideologically. And the Eastern Bloc was not merely a region that passively absorbed the idea of human rights from the West, but a site where human rights ideas where articulated, internationalized and also contested.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Human rights – Eastern Europe"

Voiculescu, Aurora. « Prosecuting history : political justice in post-Communist Eastern Europe ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1564/.

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Fifty years after the Nuremberg trials, Europe is challenged once again with a question: Who is responsible for state-sponsored violations of human rights. This time, those put on trial or ostracised from power are elements of the Communist structures of control. Some observers have criticised these measures of political justice, comparing them to a 'witch hunt,' and accusing the courts and legislature of often engendering an unjustifiable collective guilt. In contrast, others have claimed that not enough is being done; that the people of Eastern Europe "have asked for justice, and got the rule of law." In this thesis, the author proposes an assessment of the process of political justice taking place in post-Communist Eastern Europe. The approach taken is from the perspective of the role played in this process by the concept of collective responsibility of political organisations for violations of human rights. While concentrating on the way collective responsibility appears in the criminal law measures taken in Hungary, and in the administrative procedures of screening used in the Czech Republic, the thesis also aims to offer a comprehensive picture of the general debate on accountability for past human rights violations which takes place in post-Communist Eastern Europe. The thesis underlines the complexity of the political reality in which the expectations for accountability for state-sponsored violations of human rights are answered. It also emphasises the importance for this answer to acknowledge the nature of the Communist regime, and of its representative structure known under the name of Nomenklatura. Based on these elements, the author argues for the necessity of combining individual and collective responsibility for human rights violations. A reconstructed concept of collective agency and collective responsibility appears to be the solution to the inconsistencies otherwise manifested in a process of political justice. Such concepts, the author argues, should allow for the acknowledgement - through commissions of truth, as well as through prosecution and screening - of the role played by the Communist structure of power in the violations of human rights which took place under its regime.

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Eburne, Philip Henry. « Privatization, property rights and technical efficiency in Eastern Europe ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30130.

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The enhancement of economic performance constitutes the main goal in the economic transformation process in Eastern Europe. This may be revealed by changes in the levels of efficiency achieved in the operation of privatized enterprises. In this thesis we provide an empirical analysis of technical efficiency in the former CSR, and in the Czech Republic, over the period 1960 to 1989 and 1990 to 1994 respectively. Empirical investigation into sector or firm level efficiency in the Czech Republic has been sparse following privatization. Thus, we sought to determine the extent of the success of privatization of former state-owned enterprises, as reflected by the extent to which technical efficiency (TE) has improved in the manufacturing sector following the implementation of mass privatization. Deterministic production functions (DFPF) and stochastic production functions (SFPF) were employed to estimate TE attained in selected sectors of the manufacturing sector of the Czech Republic. The SFPF model was also employed since it was anticipated that the use of dummy variables that were produced by the deterministic model would possibly capture macroeconomic events and other external factors that impacted on TE. Further, we recognized that the composed error term, in the possibly more sophisticated SFPF, would encapsulate the effect of random variables and other non-quantifiable factors that were excluded by the deterministic model. It is emphasized that despite the wide divergencies of techniques employed in both the DFPF and SFPF models, a similar pattern of increased TE is revealed in the manufacturing sector during the early transition period in the Czech Republic: this had remained a "pure" example of a former command economy until the demise of communism in November 1989. Although we recognize that extraneous factors also influenced TE, nevertheless, these results provide support to the view held widely by economists that a clear relationship exists between ownership, corporate governance, and enterprise efficiency.

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Bodin, de Galembert Noémie de. « European Community and human rights : the antitrust enforcement procedure facing article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights ». Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78211.

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The Senator Lines' case, currently pending before the European Court for Human Rights, reveals a lack of procedural fairness of the European Antitrust enforcement under the terms of the European Convention for Human Rights. But in spite of a well-established concern for Fundamental Rights from the European Community, the later is still not bound by the Convention.
That is why it is critical that the EC accede to the Convention following the example of its branches. Meanwhile, it is necessary to determine whether the Member States could be held responsible for the Community's acts that violate the rights protected by the Convention. That is the question the Court will have to answer in the Senator Lines' case. Nevertheless, the Council Regulation which organises the antitrust enforcement procedure must be reformed in order to ensure an indispensable balance of power.

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Dmitrenko, Alexander. « Natural law or liberalism?, gay rights in the new Eastern Europe ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63077.pdf.

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Stoklosa, Arkadiusz. « Human rights in Turkey ». Licentiate thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2281.

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This thesis is about Turkish accession to the European Union and criteria to be fulfilled in order to become a member state. At Helsinki summit there were defined four main areas, that are the main obstacles of Turkish membership in the structures of EU – military influence in domestic politics, economy disproportions, the issues of minorities living in Turkey and problems with obeying human rights and fundamental freedoms. In addition the attitude among European countries and Turkish political elites has changed dramatically since 1999. There is a great discussion, whose main purpose is, to show if Turkey should or shouldn’t become a part of united Europe. With the help of created conceptual framework, which is empirically based on qualitative methods and with theoretical approach in form of analysis considering human rights, I have developed a set of three hypotheses, that are based on primary and secondary sources like EU, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International reports considering changes of Turkish attitude to the question of human rights. In the process of testing validity or invalidity of those hypotheses, I have tried to conclude, why the implication of reforms considering human is the main obstacle of Turkish membership in the EU.

The paper may be used free, but it is forbidden to copy or use directly any parts of it without earlier contact with author.

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O'Nions, Helen. « A case study on the protection of human rights : human rights and legal wrongs : the Roma in Europe ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31098.

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This thesis critically examines the implementation of international human rights standards through a study of the situation of Europe's Roma majority. The foundations of the human rights standards as they apply to minorities are considered from a theoretical perspective to be deficient. The need to respect the collective aspects of identity as well as the individual dimensions has been recognised by many theorists but has not been translated into human rights norms. The consequences of the individualist emphasis are explored with respect to the rights of citizenship and education. The former suggests that a focus centred only on the individual can legitimise discriminatory treatment in the name of assimilation. When looking at the right to education it is apparent that the denial of minority culture and values in the education process has contributed to the lack of school achievement and educational disillusionment. Promising initiatives form the European Union place a greater emphasis on the need to support rather than diminish minority cultural values. An alternative approach stressing the importance of minority identity is considered by analysing the Hungarian system of minority self-government. The system, still in its infancy, recognises the collective interests of minority groups as well as the individual rights of group members. In conclusion it is argued that the present emphasis on the individual does little to protect the rights of members of marginalised minority groups. This realisation does not necessarily entail the prioritisation of collective over individual rights. Rather, it is argued that collective and individual rights be viewed as supplemental and inter-dependent.

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Sithole, Kundai Mudiva. « The council of Europe : Political legitimation and European human rights protection ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529992.

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Weiß, Norman. « „Democracy, Minorities and Human Rights Education in Europe, Workshop im Rahmen des von der Volkswagen Stiftung geförderten Forschungsprojekts „Teaching Human Rights in Europe" <2004, Berlin> ; / [Tagungsbericht] ». Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5587/.

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Tagungsbericht: Weiß, Norman: „Democracy, Minorities and Human Rights Education in Europe" <2004, Berlin> / Workshop im Rahmen des von der Volkswagen Stiftung geförderten Forschungsprojekts „Teaching Human Rights in Europe" am 5. und 6. März 2004.

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Dasanayake, Upulee. « NGOs and the globalization of universal human rights a "Do No Harm" approach to human rights advocacy / ». Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3424.

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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 113. Thesis director: Mark Goodale. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112). Also issued in print.

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Milli, Ece. « Assessing The Human Rights Regime Of The Council Of Europe In Terms Of Economic And Social Rights ». Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615020/index.pdf.

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This thesis seeks to answer the question whether economic and social rights have the same status with civil and political rights under the human rights regime of the Council of Europe. To this end, the thesis examines the assumptions with regard to the nature of economic and social rights, on the one hand, and civil and political rights, on the other. Second, it seeks to find out whether the nature of economic and social rights is different from that of civil and political rights. Third, it examines how the protection of and approach to the two sets of rights developed in the Council of Europe. Finally, it assesses the contemporary protection of economic and social rights in the Council of Europe in comparison to protection of civil and political rights.

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Livres sur le sujet "Human rights – Eastern Europe"

S, Pogany Istvan, dir. Human rights in Eastern Europe. Aldershot, Hants, England : E. Elgar, 1995.

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Righting wrongs in Eastern Europe. Manchester : Manchester University Press, 1997.

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den, Broek Hans van, Netherlands. Adviescommissie Mensenrechten Buitenlands Beleid. et Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken., dir. Democracy and human rights in Eastern Europe. [The Hague] : De Commissie, 1990.

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Whitehead, John C. Human rights and change in Eastern Europe. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1988.

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Pogany, Istvan S. Righting wrongs in Eastern Europe. Manchester, UK : Manchester University Press : Distributed exclusively in the USA by St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Miskiewicz, Sophia M. Social and economic rights in Eastern Europe. [S.l : s.n., 1987.

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Georg, Brunner. Nationality problems and minority conflicts in Eastern Europe : Strategies for Europe. Gütersloh : Bertelsmann Foundation Publishers, 1996.

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Instytut Spraw Publicznych (Warsaw, Poland). Centrum Konstytucjonalizmu i Kultury Prawnej., dir. Liberal concept of human rights in Central and Eastern Europe. Warszawa : Institute of Public Affairs, 1998.

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G, Danchin Peter, et Cole Elizabeth A, dir. Protecting the human rights of religious minorities in Eastern Europe. New York : Columbia University Press, 2002.

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1970-, Rechel Bernd, dir. Minority rights in Central and Eastern Europe. New York, NY : Routledge, 2009.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Human rights – Eastern Europe"

Winter, Jay. « Human Rights and European Remembrance ». Dans Memory and Theory in Eastern Europe, 43–58. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137322067_3.

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Sharlet, Robert. « Human Rights and Civil Society in Eastern Europe ». Dans Central and Eastern Europe : The Opening Curtain ?, 156–77. New York : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429033162-7.

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Tascón, Sonia M. « The Festival : Presences : Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and the United States ». Dans Human Rights Film Festivals, 148–63. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137454249_8.

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Bukauskaitė, Jurgita. « The politics of domestic violence at the crossroads of Western and Eastern Europe ». Dans Understanding Domestic Violence as a Gender-based Human Rights Violation, 97–110. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003350538-5.

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Snyder, Sarah B. « “Promising Everything under the Sun” : Helsinki Activism and Human Rights in Eastern Europe ». Dans The Establishment Responds, 91–102. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119833_7.

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Shikova, Natalija, et Immaculada Colomina Limonero. « Can Non-Territorial Autonomy Help to Enforce the Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights of the Roma ? » Dans Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy, 171–94. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19856-4_12.

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AbstractRacist and discriminatory policies against the Roma persist in both eastern and western Europe. Methods of repression have varied over time, but it is striking that strategies of open or tacit discrimination and expulsion of the Roma are still found in some contemporary policies of the older and transitional democracies, in EU Member States and countries that are candidates for EU membership. Of major concern is the fact that xenophobic statements and actions against the Roma often come from leading politicians or from national governments. Additionally, despite various international and regional human rights instruments, the ongoing structural discrimination that the Roma face has not yet been addressed within the existing legal framework. Many of the measures that have been proposed to address social exclusion and marginalisation are largely unenforceable; they tend to overlook the harsh living conditions, lack of access to public services, low level of education and embedded prejudice against the Roma. This paper addresses the human rights violability of cultures commonly marginalised in society. In many cases, although human rights protection regimes are enacted for certain cultures, the measures do not encompass groups that are non-dominant and territorially dispersed. The case of the Roma exemplifies not only this situation in respect of their language, cultural and educational rights in Spain and in North Macedonia, but also how the establishment and implementation of possible non-territorial autonomy (NTA) arrangements can help to overcome lasting discrimination. There is no unique model of NTA since it is applied differently in different contexts and circumstances. However, in essence, NTA arrangements can help minorities to enjoy cultural or other activities without territorial limitation. NTA can thus support the protection of territorially dispersed cultures and alleviate some of the harsh practices that they face.

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Williams, Shirley. « Human Rights in Europe ». Dans Realizing Human Rights, 77–109. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03608-7_5.

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Fokas, Effie. « Religion and Human Rights in Greece ». Dans Global Eastern Orthodoxy, 101–24. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28687-3_6.

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Butler, Israel. « Law and Human Rights ». Dans Europe in a Global Context, 153–64. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34423-5_13.

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Stoeckl, Kristina. « The Russian Orthodox Church’s Approach to Human Rights ». Dans Global Eastern Orthodoxy, 59–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28687-3_4.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Human rights – Eastern Europe"

Tucak, Ivana, et Anita Blagojević. « COVID- 19 PANDEMIC AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ABORTION ». Dans EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18355.

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The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Poland and Malta, recognize the rather liberal right of a woman to have an abortion in a certain period of time after conception. However, Malta and Poland, as members of the European Union, since abortion is seen as a service, must not hinder the travel of women abroad to have an abortion, nor restrict information on the provision of abortion services in other countries. In 2020, a pandemic highlighted all the weaknesses of this regime by preventing women from traveling to more liberal countries to perform abortions, thus calling into question their right to choose and protect their sexual and reproductive rights. This is not only the case in Poland and Malta, but also in countries that recognize the right to abortion but make it conditional on certain non-medical conditions, such as compulsory counselling; and the mandatory time period between applying for and performing an abortion; in situations present in certain countries where the problem of a woman exercising the right to abortion is a large number of doctors who do not provide this service based on their right to conscience. The paper is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part of the paper is to consider all the legal difficulties that women face in accessing abortion during the COVID -19 pandemic, restrictions that affect the protection of their dignity, right to life, privacy and right to equality. In the second part of the paper particular attention will be paid to the illiberal tendencies present in this period in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. In the third part of the paper, emphasis will be put on the situation in Malta where there is a complete ban on abortion even in the case when the life of a pregnant woman is in danger.

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Yarochenko, Yanina. « PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF NEEDS OF A HUMAN BEING IN 21ST CENTURY ». Dans Scientific Development of New Eastern Europe. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-571-89-3_50.

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« Privatization in Eastern Europe : The Impact on Economic Development through the Protection of Property Rights ». Dans 2005 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society : ERES Conference 2005. ERES, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2005_181.

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Popescu, Marian, Rebecca Head, Tim Ferriday, Kate Evans, Jose Montero, Jiazuo Zhang, Gwynfor Jones et Geovani Christopher Kaeng. « Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Automated Lithology Prediction from Wireline Log Data ». Dans SPE Eastern Europe Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208559-ms.

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Abstract This paper presents advancements in machine learning and cloud deployment that enable rapid and accurate automated lithology interpretation. A supervised machine learning technique is described that enables rapid, consistent, and accurate lithology prediction alongside quantitative uncertainty from large wireline or logging-while-drilling (LWD) datasets. To leverage supervised machine learning, a team of geoscientists and petrophysicists made detailed lithology interpretations of wells to generate a comprehensive training dataset. Lithology interpretations were based on applying determinist cross-plotting by utilizing and combining various raw logs. This training dataset was used to develop a model and test a machine learning pipeline. The pipeline was applied to a dataset previously unseen by the algorithm, to predict lithology. A quality checking process was performed by a petrophysicist to validate new predictions delivered by the pipeline against human interpretations. Confidence in the interpretations was assessed in two ways. The prior probability was calculated, a measure of confidence in the input data being recognized by the model. Posterior probability was calculated, which quantifies the likelihood that a specified depth interval comprises a given lithology. The supervised machine learning algorithm ensured that the wells were interpreted consistently by removing interpreter biases and inconsistencies. The scalability of cloud computing enabled a large log dataset to be interpreted rapidly; >100 wells were interpreted consistently in five minutes, yielding >70% lithological match to the human petrophysical interpretation. Supervised machine learning methods have strong potential for classifying lithology from log data because: 1) they can automatically define complex, non-parametric, multi-variate relationships across several input logs; and 2) they allow classifications to be quantified confidently. Furthermore, this approach captured the knowledge and nuances of an interpreter's decisions by training the algorithm using human-interpreted labels. In the hydrocarbon industry, the quantity of generated data is predicted to increase by >300% between 2018 and 2023 (IDC, Worldwide Global DataSphere Forecast, 2019–2023). Additionally, the industry holds vast legacy data. This supervised machine learning approach can unlock the potential of some of these datasets by providing consistent lithology interpretations rapidly, allowing resources to be used more effectively.

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« New markets in private rights in land : unforeseen consequences of land privatisation in Eastern Europe and beyond ». Dans ERES Conference - Amsterdam, The Netherlands : ERES Conference 1994. ERES, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1994_140.

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Filatova, Victoria. « Principle of subsidiarity in the work of the European Court of Human Rights ». Dans The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23325.

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Matušovičová, Monika. « Social Networks in Human Resources Management ». Dans The 20th International Joint Conference : Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Prague University of Economics and Business, Oeconomica Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2020.cer.2395.14.

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Ivanov, Aleksey. « The use of the pacta sunt servanda principle in the protection of human rights and freedoms ». Dans The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23306.

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Gerasimenko, Yuliya, et Elena Synkova. « On the interpretation of the norms of tax law by the European Court of Human Rights ». Dans The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23327.

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Ivanov, Aleksey. « Some problems of execution of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in modern conditions ». Dans The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23329.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Human rights – Eastern Europe"

Baten, Jörg, et Mikołaj Szołtysek. The human capital of Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe in European perspective. Rostock : Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, janvier 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2012-002.

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Baten, Jörg, et Mikołaj Szołtysek. A golden age before serfdom ? The human capital of Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe in the 17th-19th centuries. Rostock : Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, août 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2014-008.

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Kolarzik, Nina, et Aram Terzyan. The State of Human Rights and Political Freedoms in Belarus : Was the Crisis Inevitable ? Eurasia Institutes, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/psprp-4-2020.

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The rule of Alexander Lukashenko in Belarus has created one of the most resilient authoritarian regimes in post-communist Europe. Meanwhile, the turmoil triggered by the 2020 presidential election has put in the spotlight the mounting challenges facing Lukashenko’s authoritarian rule. This paper investigates the state of human rights and political freedoms in Belarus, focusing on the main rationale behind the turmoil surrounding the 2020 presidential election. It concludes that the political crisis following the elections is the unsurprising consequence of Lukashenko’s diminishing ability to maintain power or concentrate political control by preserving elite unity, controlling elections, and/or using force against opponents.

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Haider, Huma. Fostering a Democratic Culture : Lessons for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.131.

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Political culture is the values, beliefs, and emotions that members of a society express about the political regime and their role in it (Pickering, 2022, p. 5). Norms, values, attitudes and practices considered integral to a “culture of democracy”, according to the Council of Europe, include: a commitment to public deliberation, discussion, and the free expression of opinions; a commitment to electoral rules; the rule of law; and the protection of minority rights; peaceful conflict resolution. The consolidation of democracy involves not only institutional change, but also instilling a democratic culture in a society (Balčytienė, 2021). Research on democratic consolidation in various countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) finds that a key impediment to consolidation is the persistence of old, authoritarian political culture that undermines political and civic participation. This rapid review looks at aspects of democratic culture and potential ways to foster it, focusing on educational initiatives and opportunities for civic action — which comprise much of the literature on developing the values, attitudes and behaviours of democracy. Discussion on the strengthening of democratic institutions or assistance to electoral processes is outside the scope of the report.

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Papastergiou, Vasilis. Detention as the Default : How Greece, with the support of the EU, is generalizing administrative detention of migrants. Oxfam, Greek Council for Refugees, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8250.

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Putting migrants and asylum seekers into detention for administrative reasons is a common practice in Greece, despite this policy contravening human rights. Greek authorities are using detention and the new EU-funded closed compounds as a way to discourage people from seeking asylum in Europe. Detention, as outlined in Greek law, should only be used as a final resort and only then in specific instances. Detention carries with it not only a financial cost, but also a considerable moral cost. Detention without just cause violates basic human rights, such as freedom of movement, the right to health and the right to family life. Alternatives to detention exist and must be prioritized.

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Milican, Juliet. Mapping Best Practice Guidelines in working with Civil Society Organisations. Institute of Development Studies, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.092.

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This report sets out to map the different guidance documents available on how to work most effectively with civil society in the delivery of international aid in ways that deepen democracy and advance the rights of marginalised or excluded groups. It includes a review of guidelines published by other key international development funders and implementors written for their own teams, an overview of guidance provided for DAC members within OECD countries and policy papers on cooperation between the state and CSOs. It looks primarily at documents produced in the last ten years, between 2011 and 2021 and includes those related to cooperation on specific issues (such as drugs policy or human rights, as well as those that deal with specific countries or regions (such as Europe or the MENA region). The majority of documents identified are written by government aid departments (eg USAID, Norad) but there are one or two produced by umbrella civil society organisations (such as Bond) or international legal think tanks (such as ICNL, the International Centre for Not for Profit Law). There was a remarkable consistency between the issues Millican addressed in the different documents although their size and length varied between outline guidance on 2 – 3 pages and a comprehensive (62 page) overview that included definitions of civil society, range of organisations, reasons for collaborating, mechanisms for financing, monitoring and ensuring accountability and challenges in and guidance on the ways in which donors might work with CSOs.

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Dalabajan, Dante, Ruth Mayne, Blandina Bobson, Hadeel Qazzaz, Henry Ushie, Jacobo Ocharan, Jason Farr et al. Towards a Just Energy Transition : Implications for communities in lower- and middle-income countries. Oxfam, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9936.

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More frequent or intense floods, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts and typhoons devastate people’s homes, livelihoods and the natural world. A clean energy transition is urgently needed to reduce carbon emissions and prevent the impacts worsening. Wealthy countries have the prime historic responsibility for the climate crisis and therefore for its mitigation. But as the clean energy transition gathers speed, it inevitably also impacts lower-income, lower-emitting countries and communities. This research report, written by 20 co-authors from Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, the US and Europe, investigates the implications of the energy transition for them, and asks how the world can achieve a truly just, as well as fast, transition. The findings highlight the stark choice facing humanity. If the transition is undertaken with justice and respect for communities’ rights at its heart, it offers an unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously mitigate the climate crisis and reduce poverty and inequality. Conversely, an unjust transition, which entrenches or exacerbates inequalities, risks generating public resistance and slowing the transition with devastating human consequences.

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Lucas, Brian. Lessons Learned about Political Inclusion of Refugees. Institute of Development Studies, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.114.

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Most refugees and other migrants have limited opportunities to participate in politics to inform and influence the policies that affect them daily; they have limited voting rights and generally lack effective alternative forms of representation such as consultative bodies (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33). Political participation is ‘absent (or almost absent) from integration strategies’ in Eastern European countries, while refugees and other migrants in Western Europe do enjoy significant local voting rights, stronger consultative bodies, more funding for immigrant organisations and greater support from mainstream organisations (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33).This rapid review seeks to find out what lessons have been learned about political inclusion of refugees, particularly in European countries.In general, there appears to be limited evidence about the effectiveness of attempts to support the political participation of migrants/refugees. ‘The engagement of refugees and asylum-seekers in the political activities of their host countries is highly understudied’ (Jacobi, 2021, p. 3) and ‘the effects that integration policies have on immigrants’ representation remains an under-explored field’ (Petrarca, 2015, p. 9). The evidence that is available often comes from sources that cover the entire population or ethnic minorities without specifically targeting refugees or migrants, are biased towards samples of immigrants who are long-established in the host country and may not be representative of immigrant populations, or focus only on voting behaviour and neglect other forms of political participation (Bilodeau, 2016, pp. 30–31). Statistical data on refugees and integration policy areas and indicators is often weak or absent (Hopkins, 2013, pp. 9, 28–32, 60). Data may not distinguish clearly among refugees and other types of migrants by immigration status, origin country, or length of stay in the host country; may not allow correlating data collected during different time periods with policies in place during those periods and preceding periods; and may fail to collect a range of relevant migrant-specific social and demographic characteristics (Bilgili et al., 2015, pp. 22–23; Hopkins, 2013, p. 28).

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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.

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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).

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