Thèses : « Human physical activity »

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Meijer, Gerwin Alexander Leo. « Physical activity implications for human energy metabolism / ». [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5563.

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Mohar, Laura Leigh. « Physical Activity Patterns in Missoula Youth ». The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04142008-112420/.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Physical activity (PA) is a critical determinant of long term health and is necessary for the prevention of youth onsetadult diseases. It is recommended that all youth accumulate at least 60+ min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) most days of the week in bouts lasting at least 10 min. PURPOSE: To evaluate the PA patterns of Missoula youth in order to make better recommendations for PA interventions for a wellness policy. METHODS: 324 elementary and middle school students from 5 schools wore accelerometers on their wrists for 5 days. The data were converted to activity energy expenditure (AEE) and also evaluated for single min and bouts of activity lasting at least 10 min of MVPA daily, in- versus out-of-school, and during sport, physical education (PE), and recess. Grade and gender differences were also assessed. RESULTS: The data show better than national averages in daily min of MVPA, with 70% of all students meeting the recommendation in 10 min bouts. Students showed low levels of MVPA during PE, recess, and sport. Sport was responsible for the highest accumulation of MVPA, followed by recess and then PE in both 1 and 10 min bouts. There was a drop in MVPA in both genders as grade level increased (both in and out of school), with more MVPA in single and 10 min bouts occurring out of school than in school. Males showed higher levels of MVPA than females during PE in 1 min bouts, recess in 1 and 10 min bouts, and in school in 1 and 10 min bouts. When scaled for body weight, genders did not differ in AEE. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest an overall healthy youth PA environment in Missoula. However, the 30% of students not meeting the recommendations for health in 10 min bouts are still of concern. Interventions could focus on encouraging slight increases of MVPA during PE, sport, and recess, especially at the middle school level. Increasing out of school MVPA is also necessary to make the biggest impact due to already overburdened school systems.

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Ramírez, Dafne Zuleima Morgado. « Vibration transmission through the human spine during physical activity ». Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2013. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/vibration-transmission-through-the-human-spine-during-physical-activity(4a7a609e-997a-4b91-994c-3ae6e0e4d22c).html.

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Osteoporosis causes bone to become fragile. Pharmacological treatments of osteoporosis are burdened with adverse effects and increase bone mineral density (BMD) only between 1% and 15% depending on the drug and time used. Thus non pharmacological treatments are needed to complement pharmacological ones. Physical activity is a non pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis and is essential for maintaining bone health at any age. However, physical activities have been identified to produce a modest improvement of spinal strength or just preserve it. In addition, it is not known how much exercise is optimal and safe for people with spinal osteoporosis. Most research employs conflicting definitions of physical activity and measure the effect of exercise on BMD alone instead of combining it with measurements of three dimensional bone strength. There is the need to offer a technique to measure the effect of physical activity on the overall strength of the spine, not only on its bone mineral content. Vibration transmissibility is a measurement of the mechanical response of a system to vibration expressed as stiffness or damping, thus offering a variable that represents structural strength. It can be employed to measure the mechanical response of the human spine during physical activity by attaching inertial sensors over the spine. However, it has not been employed to characterize the way vibration is transmitted through the osteoporotic spine during physical activity. Understanding the effects of osteoporosis and ageing on vibration transmission is important since such effects are related to the stiffness of the spine and thus very likely to the incidence of vertebral fractures. It is also often recommended that fast walking is beneficial to the bone, yet it is not known if fast walking affects the mechanical response of the spine of people with osteoporosis. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the feasibility of employing inertial sensors and a skin correction method to measure vibration transmission through the spine during physical activity (2) to characterize the transmission of vibration in the lumbar and thoracic spines of people with and without osteoporosis during physical activities, (3) to characterize the effect of osteoporosis on vibration transmissibility at levels of the thoracic spine which are known to fracture and (4) to investigate the effects of fast walking on vibration transmissibility. 100 young and healthy and older volunteers with and without osteoporosis were recruited. Participants were asked to perform straight walking, stair negotiation and turning while having inertial sensors attached to the skin over the spinous process of the first sacral (S1), twelfth (T12), eighth (T8) and first thoracic vertebrae (T1). Vibration transmissibility was calculated as the square root of the acceleration of the output (T12 for the lumbar and T1 for the thoracic spine) over the input (S1 for the lumbar and T12 for the thoracic spine) in the frequency spectrum. Vibration transmissibility was corrected for the movement of the skin-sensor interface and for the inclination of the sensor over the spine of every subject. All physical activities were performed at self selected normal and fast walking speeds. Lumbar and thoracic curvatures were determined with an electromagnetic device and BMD was measured through quantitative ultrasound. Skin measurement of transmission of vertical vibration is feasible with the inertial sensors and correction method presented. Vibration transmissibility through the human spine is significantly different between dissimilar physical activities and frequency dependent. Ageing significantly alters the vibration transmissibility of the spine. Osteoporosis has a minimal effect on vibration transmissibility of the spine. The effect of ageing and osteoporosis are frequency dependent. Older lumbar spines may receive greater stimulation than young and healthy ones, whereas older thoracic spines may receive lower stimulation during fast walking. There are significant differences in vibration transmissibility between lumbar and thoracic spines. A percentage of vibration transmission of the lumbar and thoracic spines is determined by their curvatures. This thesis has provided a technique that future research can employ to correlate vibration transmissibility with mechanotransduction signals in bone as well as volumetric bone health measurements and the risk of vertebral fractures. Until then it will be possible to prescribe physical activity taking into account individual capabilities, bone strength and differences in mechanical response between lumbar and thoracic sections.

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O’Donohue, Josephine. « Stress resilience : meaning, measurement, and the effects of physical activity ». Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/178784.

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In rodent models of human behaviour, physical activity builds stress resilience. In contrast, human studies physical activity and stress resilience have been limited, and when investigated, provided mixed results. These inconsistencies may be due to the ambiguous use of the term stress resilience in human studies, making it difficult to quantify. Therefore, I aimed to assess the effect of physical activity on stress resilience in humans, after first evaluating operational definitions of stress resilience. Initially, I evaluated the use of stress resilience across the literature to provide a definition that is consistent with the research base (Chapter 2). I subsequently defined stress resilience as an active process of adapting to unpredictable and uncontrollable stimuli. In Chapter 3, I systematically reviewed measures previously used to capture stress resilience in humans, including trait-based questionnaires, as well as affective and cardiorespiratory responses to stressful conditions. In Study 1 (Chapter 4) of this dissertation, I then assessed the convergent validity of these stress resilience measures , including the Brief Resilience Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, as well as various responses (i.e., affective balance, systolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and multiple indices of heart rate variability) to three stressor conditions (i.e., no stress, auditory startles, and stressful video clips). Results of Study 1 indicated that no measure captured all elements of stress resilience, although some indices of heart rate variability were related to changes in affective balance and systolic blood pressure was related to the Brief Resilience Scale. Across two studies, I then evaluated the effect of physical activity on stress resilience using the measures from Study 1. Through a cross-sectional study (Study 2, Chapter 5), I found no difference between active participants (n = 16) and less active participants (n = 14) across stress resilience measures. Additionally, in Study 3 (Chapter 6), I found that an 8-week moderate physical activity intervention had no effect on these stress resilience measures in 14 participants from desk-based occupations. I did, however, find an increase in mood and reduction in systolic blood pressure post-intervention, compared to pre-intervention scores. I also discussed the feasibility of various recruitment techniques, intervention purity and adherence, as well as stress resilience measurement protocols for future intervention studies. Overall, this dissertation has provided a critical evaluation of the use and measurement of stress resilience, with findings indicating that physical activity may not enhance stress resilience in humans. I discuss differences in my findings, compared to rodent research, including the potential effects of environment enrichment and increased severity of measurement protocols in animal models. I also discuss limitations of stress resilience conceptualisation and provide suggestions for future research to navigate these challenges.
Doctor of Philosophy

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Kolbe-Alexander, Tracy. « Measurement of physical activity and associated health and functional outcomes in older South Africans ». Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3257.

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The aim of the first study was to measure validity and reliability of two PA questionnaires, the Yale Physical Activity Survey for older adults (YPAS) and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), in a group of South African older adults.

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Cook, Caylee Jayde. « Executive function and physical activity in preschool children from low-income settings in South Africa ». Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31456.

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Executive function (EF), that shows rapid development in the preschool years, is foundational for cognitive development. Previous research has found aspects of physical development including gross motor skills and physical activity to be related to EF. However, evidence for these relationships in the preschool years, as well as in low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between EF (and related components of cognitive development) with physical activity and gross motor skills (GMS) in a sample of preschool children from urban and rural low-income settings in South Africa. Cognitive and physical outcomes were measured in a sample of preschool children (N=129; Mage = 50.7±8.3 months; 52.7% girls) from urban (Soweto) and rural (Bushbuckridge) low-income settings in South Africa. Cognitive components included EF, self-regulation (Early Years Toolbox, EYT), attention (adapted visual search task) and school readiness (Early Childhood Development Criteria Test). Physical outcomes included objectively measured physical activity (accelerometry), gross motor skills (Test for Gross Motor Development 2) and anthropometric measurements (height and weight). On average, children from both settings showed higher than expected scores for EF and self-regulation (based on Australian norms for the EYT), adequate gross motor proficiency and high volumes of physical activity (M total physical = 476 minutes per day). In contrast, a high proportion of children, particularly in the rural setting, demonstrated below average scores for school readiness. Investigations into the relationships revealed that EF was positively associated with self-regulation, attention and school readiness. Positive associations were also found between GMS and physical activity and, and physical activity and body mass index (BMI). And finally, that GMS, but not physical activity, was positively associated with all components of cognitive development. This study is the first to provide evidence for the importance of EF and the link between motor and cognitive development in preschool children from South African, low-income settings. Another key finding was that there may be factors promoting early EF skills in these settings but that these skills, although associated, are not transferring to school readiness. The lack of (or negative) associations between physical activity and cognition presents another key finding, further research is needed to identify whether there are specific amounts and types of physical activity that specifically benefit cognitive development.

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Pillay, Julian. « Steps that count ! : the use of pedometry for physical activity and health promotion in South Africa ». Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3193.

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Pedometers have been demonstrated as a practical tool for measurement and motivation of ambulatory physical activity, typically providing information on volume of steps/day. Recent developments in steps/day research have, however, emphasised the importance of intensity-based steps as part of steps/day recommendations. Such steps/day recommendations are also directed towards current physical activity guidelines, so as to provide further options for achieving guidelines. To complement these developments in steps/day recommendations, technological advancements in pedometry afford the opportunity to provide information on intensity-based steps/day. We therefore use this application to provide further insight into the association between pedometer-based physical activity and fitness and health outcomes. Particular reference is made to intensity-based steps/day, through a series of studies.

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Bayartai, Munkh-Erdene. « The influence of genetic and environmental factors on musculoskeletal motion and physical activity ». Thesis, University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24518.

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Human motion is complex and enables people to interact with the environment and conduct their daily activities. However, the physical activity levels of people living in modern society has reduced compared to ancestral environments, where people needed to undertake high rates of physical activity in order to pursue their prey and escape predators. In contemporary society, people living in rural areas undertake less vigorous activity due to mechanisation and industrialisation. In addition, sedentary behaviour has increased due to urbanisation, despite the fact that the health benefits of promoting general human movement through physical activity have been well established. The amount of physical activity of people living in urbanised areas also differs from those in rural areas. However, data related to physical activity are specifically lacking in developing countries. The aim of this thesis was to investigate genetic (heritability) and environmental contributions to musculoskeletal motion and physical activity in Mongolian adults. Chapter Two showed that too few studies have investigated the heritability of musculoskeletal motion. Chapter Three and Four found strong environmental contributions to light intensity physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and lumbar motion control, whilst high heritability was noted for higher intensities of physical activity and lumbar posture. Chapter Five identified that health benefits were the top motivator for physical activity, regardless of residential region, but barriers were region specific. Chapter Six found deceased physical activity along with prolonged sitting was negatively associated with lumbar motion, suggesting that increasing physical activity may promote lumbar motion. Incorporating health benefits as the top motivator into a physical activity intervention, as well as addressing region-specific barriers, may be beneficial in promoting individuals to be active in Mongolia.

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ALI, HASHIM. « Subject-dependent physical activity recognition using single sensor accelerometer ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/75865.

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Rapid advancement in the field of Artificial Intelligence, to be more specific in Machine Learning and Nanotechnology, strengthens hopes to better understand human mind. Ubiquitous Computing helped in the creation of intelligent environments pervaded by these visible and invisible devices, which are affecting and improving all aspects of human life. So, as a consequence, smart environments work on the behalf of humans for ease of comfort. The ultimate goal is to monitor humans without any awareness by them of computer interaction. The understanding of how humans will interact and make use of such systems is however largely unresolved and often not addressed collectively from both scientific and medical aspects in current research. A key to understanding such systems and their use is the observation that humans implicitly interact with their environment. The task of making this context information available to components in computer systems has become a prerequisite to move forward in human- computer interaction. Context awareness or more specifically how to create applications that are context aware is a central issue to Ubiquitous Computing research. Such research raises questions on context acquisition, context representation, distribution and abstraction, as well as programming paradigms, development support, and implications on human-computer interaction in general. The aim of this thesis is to develop part of a ubiquitous care system to monitor elderly basic daily life activities; stand, sit, walk, lay and transitional activities. This thesis investigates the use of a wearable sensor (tri-axial accelerometer) to develop and evaluate the activity classification scheme with reliable accuracy in the real-world situations. The recognition of these activities is challenging because activities with similar posture are hard to discriminate (e.g. stand and sit). Moreover, this high similarity among activities is not uniform throughout the whole dataset which raises the question of how much training data would be required. Furthermore, the activity classification schemes proposed in literature are typically subject-independent; however there is lack of evidence that such subject-independent schemes have been successfully validated with elderly in uncontrolled situations.

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Chowdhury, Enhad. « Extended morning fasting, energy balance and human health ». Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665391.

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Cross-sectional evidence associates breakfast omission with negative health outcomes. The present work aimed to examine if these cross-sectional associations have a causal component, by conducting randomised control trials in healthy humans. It was established using lean individuals that there are divergent hormonal responses to morning feeding and fasting, although increased energy intake at lunch following fasting incompletely compensated for breakfast intake. Hormonal and subjective appetite responses in the afternoon did not consistently provide evidence for increased hunger following fasting. In the same participants assigned to a 6-week free-living intervention of either 700 kcal pre 11:00 or fasting until 12:00 daily, it was found that energy intake was greater in those assigned breakfast consumption, but that physical activity was also greater than those fasting. Cardiovascular risk factors and measures of metabolic control were largely unaffected by either intervention. There was no adaptation of acute metabolic/hormonal responses to feeding following either intervention. In obese individuals, similar patterns of results were obtained for the hormonal and metabolic responses to acute feeding and fasting, but with no compensation for breakfast intake at lunch. Results from the free-living intervention demonstrated no difference in energy intake between groups or physical activity over the entire day, but greater energy expenditure during the morning in those consuming breakfast. Markers of cardiovascular health and metabolic control were generally not differently affected by either intervention. Neither intervention caused adaptation of the acute hormonal and metabolic responses to feeding. In summary, acute morning fasting does not cause complete compensation for breakfast intake at lunch, or result in greater hunger throughout the afternoon. Daily morning fasting does not affect acute responses to feeding or cause increased energy intake or weight gain relative to self-selected breakfast consumption, but seems to limit physical activity in lean, and to a lesser extent, in obese individuals.

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Coldwells, Adam. « Effects of age and physical activity on the entrainment of human circadian rhythms following a phase shift ». Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321360.

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Mar, Therese Frances. « The effects of physical activity and gender on the toxicokinetics of toluene in human volunteers / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8441.

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Price, Alan. « A Secure Behavior Modification Sensor System for Physical Activity Improvement ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/5.

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Today, advances in wireless sensor networks are making it possible to capture large amounts of information about a person and their interaction within their home environment. However, what is missing is how to ensure the security of the collected data and its use to alter human behavior for positive benefit. In this research, exploration was conducted involving the "infrastructure" and "intelligence" aspects of a wireless sensor network through a Behavior Modification Sensor System. First was to understand how a secure wireless sensor network could be established through the symmetric distribution of keys (the securing of the infrastructure), and it involves the mathematical analysis of a novel key pre-distribution scheme. Second explores via field testing the "intelligence" level of the system. This was meant to support the generation of persuasive messages built from the integration of a person's physiological and living pattern data in persuading physical activity behavior change associated with daily walking steps. This system was used by an elderly female in a three-month study. Findings regarding the "infrastructure" or the novel key pre-distribution scheme in comparison to three popular key distribution methods indicates that it offers greater network resiliency to security threats (i.e., 1/2^32 times lower), better memory utilization (i.e., 53.9% less), but higher energy consumption (i.e., 2% higher) than its comparison group. Findings from the "intelligence" level of the research posit that using a person's physiological and living pattern data may allow for more "information rich" and stronger persuasive messages. Findings indicate that the study participant was able to change and improve her average daily walking steps by 61% over a pre-treatment period. As the study participant increased her physical activity, changes in her living pattern were also observed (e.g., time spent watching television decreased while time spent engaged in walking increased by an average of 15 minutes per day). Reinforcement of these findings were noted between a pre and post-study survey that indicated the study participant moved from a contemplation stage of change where physical activity engagement was intended but not acted upon to an action stage of change where physical activity engagement dominated the new behavior.

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Lee, Poh Chin. « Explorations of social capital and physical activity participation among adults on Christmas Island / ». Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0056.

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Klesh, Jamie. « Environmental attributes of rural communities affecting the potential of physical activity among elders ». Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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DeChant, Mallory. « The Effects of Climate, Psychological, and Physical Stressors on Human Remains Detection Canines ». OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2276.

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Ten canines were utilized in a repeated design to examine the effects of stress associated with work on activity expenditure, core body temperature, and salivary cortisol. However, only eight canines had valid data results due to the ninth canine having a metabolic syndrome that was not diagnosed. The tenth canine was removed from the study prior to initiation of the search scenario due to aggression. The objective was to observe the impact of stressors associated with work on activity expenditure, core body temperature, and salivary cortisol in human remains detection canines. Nine canines were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 simulated search sites which each had two repetitions 1A) RU (rubble area with two concealed partial cadavers); 1B) RU (open crop field with one concealed partial cadaver); 2A) WA (wooded area with two concealed partial cadavers elevated off the ground); 2B) WA (wooded area with two concealed partial cadavers); 3A) MC (mass casualty area with eight exposed full body cadavers); 3B) MC (mass casualty area with five buried full body cadavers). Canines searched for an average of 90 minutes at each site which was then followed by a 10 minute rotation period where canines randomly rotated to one of the other two sites. Upon completion of the third site, canines repeated the first site location. There was a 69 minute rest period between the second and third rotation. Canines were rotated through search sites such that one canine was actively working (AW), the next canine was waiting to work (WW) and was exposed to visual and auditory stimulation in preparation for work and the third canine in the rotation was not working (NW) and crated in the handler’s vehicle with no visual or auditory stimulation associated with work 100 feet from WW area. Total activity expenditure was not influenced by site (P = 0.89) which may indicate detection canines were efficient in expending energy during this study. This correlated with the walk activity expenditure by site as it did not differ based on site (P = 0.16). The canines expended a similar amount of walk energy at each site and this may demonstrate that canines spent more time searching and in scent of the cadaver(s). Conversely, run activity expenditure was influenced by site (P = 0.03), specifically RU site was greater than MC site. When further comparison of the RU repetitions was analyzed, the second repetition was greater than the first in run activity expenditure (P < 0.0001). Canines at the RU site during the second repetition had an easier ability to run compared to the first repetition because of the nature of the site. Total activity expenditure was influenced by rotation (P = 0.04) but was not influenced by rotation within site (P = 0.17). The first rotation was greater than the fourth rotation which may indicate a psychological stressor such as anticipation of the work and possible acclimation of the site. The fourth rotation was at the same location site as the first rotation and canines did not have the novelty of the site as a psychological stressor during the fourth rotation. Canines that did not have exposure to full body cadavers prior to this study did not have greater total activity expenditure (P = 0.46) at the MC site compared to canines that did have exposure to full body cadavers prior to the study. There was an effect of phase on core body temperature (P = 0.0003). However, 95.3% of canines had their core body temperature peaked in the NW phase directly after the AW phase. Which demonstrates that core body temperature continued to increase post exercise. There was also a plateau in the core body temperature for 18 minutes post exercise which could indicate peripheral vasodilation. Attenuation of core body temperature occurred 37 minutes after cessation of the AW phase. There was an effect of site (P < 0.0001), rotation (P < 0.0001), and rotation within site (P < 0.0001) on core body temperature. This may indicate that there was a boundary layer stimulus that acted as a psychological stressor. In addition, the second and third rotation were greater than the first and fourth rotation which is most likely due to the increase in humidity during the second rotation. Core body temperature was impacted by total activity expenditure (P < 0.0001) which is to be expected with increased exercise, core body temperature increases. Salivary cortisol was influenced by site (P = 0.003), specifically the WA site was greater than the MC and the RU site. The WA site may have had a stronger psychological stressor with the tree lines compared to the MC and the RU sites. Rotation within site did impact salivary cortisol (P < 0.0001). However, rotation alone did not influence salivary cortisol (P = 0.42). Core body temperature did not impact salivary cortisol (P = 0.18). Total activity expenditure did not affect salivary cortisol (P = 0.73). Salivary cortisol and age of canine did display a pattern (P = 0.003). Salivary cortisol and exposure to prior full body cadaver did not displayed a pattern (P = 0.78). Based on these results, some physical stressors such as site, rotation, and exercise impacted activity expenditure, core body temperature, and salivary cortisol. This thesis provides limited data dissemination on three physiological parameters that may be impacted on independent variables that are associated with search scenario work. More research is needed to confirm if these specific stressors observed impact activity expenditure, core body temperature, and salivary cortisol in human remains detection canines.

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Fulcher, Kathy. « Physiological and psychological responses of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome to regular physical activity ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6777.

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Lee, Poh Chin. « Explorations of social capital and physical activity participation among adults on Christmas Island ». University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0056.

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[Truncated abstract] This research investigates social capital within the everyday space and actions of sociability on Christmas Island. The theory of social capital as proposed by Robert Putnam (1995) provides the framework for this investigation which was conducted in two phases. Quantitative and qualitative approaches and a mixed methods concurrent nested strategy were used in both phases of the investigation and the analyses. The analyses also incorporated multiple perspectives of both social capital and physical activity processes. In the first phase, I sought to: (a) uncover the determinants of social capital within the Christmas Island community; (b) develop a social capital typology; and (c) establish the relationship between the determinants of social capital and adults’ physical activity involvement. In all, 212 participants took part in the study . . . Overall, several factors affected women’s social capital and physical activity. These included: (a) women’s societal roles and positions; (b) household and cultural norms relating to gender-based time and space negotiations; (c) ideologies surrounding ethic of care; and (d) role commitment. These factors also influenced women’s recruitment into becoming active in their community. Network embeddedness and autonomy, assimilation and acculturation as well as language and knowledge competency further distinguished the community and physical activity status of European and Asian women. Analysis related to the two physical activity programmes in part 3 showed how various forms of latent social capital within the community can be synergized to produce physical activity benefits and empower inactive and minority-group women. Findings in this study also support trust as an important element in the establishment of relatedness in a physical activity setting.

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Higgins, Lindsey. « Linking lake variability, climate, and human activity in Basotu, Tanzania ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145415.

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Paleoenvironmental investigations establish important baseline knowledge of the natural variability of lake systems, to better understand human impacts on the landscape, and the effects of climate change on water resources. By combining long-term environmental history with investigations into modern land use patterns and climatological events, a wider perspective can be reached that has practical applications in water governance. This thesis presents a case study of Lake Basotu (4.37°S, 35.07°E), a crater lake in the Hanang district of north-central Tanzania, which acts as an important source of freshwater for local people. A three-meter long sediment core from an interior crater of Lake Basotu was investigated using proxy records (diatoms, magnetic parameters, and carbon content) and radiometric dating (14C and 210Pb). The Lake Basotu record was then compared to other sediment-based reconstructions from East Africa and records of historical famines to better place it into the timeline and understanding of regional climate dynamics. This work was extended into modern times (1973–2015) by examining lake extent variations in the Landsat satellite archive. Shoreline boundaries for dry-season images were delineated and lake extent was calculated using GIS techniques. This remote sensing record was compared to climatological patterns, meteorological records, and the history of land-use changes in the surrounding district. As a whole, the Lake Basotu record indicates that major fluctuations in lake level are not abnormal; however, human influence has likely increased the lake’s sensitivity to climatic fluctuations. The timing of historical famines in East Africa were linked to periods of shallow lake conditions in Basotu, and the duration of the most extreme lake level changes correlate to a reversal in the 14C age-depth model. Recent variations in lake extent are likely connected to a mechanized wheat farming program implemented in the district as a foreign aid project in the early 1960s. To support the work done in Basotu, a preliminary investigation of sediment from the nearby Lake Babati was undertaken. Sediment from the two lakes indicates that their geographical location may be in a transition zone towards dryer conditions to the south during the Little Ice Age in East Africa. The results of this thesis support that Lake Basotu is an important location for understanding the potential impacts of climate change and human activity on water resources in this region.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Basahel, Abdulrahman. « Effect of physical and mental workload interactions on human attentional resources and performance ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6614.

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Many tasks in the real world require simultaneous processing of mental information alongside physical activity. Most of researchers have studied the impact of physical activities on simple cognitive tasks, but have neglected other important influences (such as different attentional resource pools, as well as gender). Therefore, this thesis proposes a new model that investigates the combined impact of physical and mental workload on different attentional resources (visual and auditory, verbal and spatial). This thesis presents three experimental studies that examined the effects of physical and mental workload interactions, as well as gender, on visual tasks performance and auditory tasks. This thesis uses different methods to evaluate the impacts of workload interactions on task performance: performance measure, physiological parameters and brain activity (Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) method) and subjective assessment tools. Finally, this thesis translates the experimental studies setting into a field study to validate the model. Based on the experimental results, this research creates a new theoretical model that illustrates in general that physical activity is beneficial for performance on cognitive tasks (visual and auditory), particularly at low levels of workload interactions, while other workload interactions lead to worse performance on cognitive tasks. However, when physical activity was introduced, performance at the medium level of mental workload was equivalent to that in the low mental workload condition; furthermore, at the low mental workload, there were no differences in performance between low and medium physical workloads. The general pattern of results suggests that physical workload leads to better performance in these medium-demand conditions up to the higher level in the low-demand condition. A mechanism for this effect is proposed based on physiological arousal and brain oxygenation. This thesis further suggests that the NIRS is a valuable technique to reflect the influence of physical and mental workload interactions on brain activity. Finally, this thesis demonstrates the translation of experimental findings into a field setting to verify the new model as well as to make recommendations for job design.

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Niinimäki, S. (Sirpa). « Reconstructing physical activity from human skeletal remains:potentials and restrictions in the use of musculoskeletal stress markers ». Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514299063.

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Abstract The purpose of my thesis is to improve the reliability of physical activity reconstructions by gaining better understanding of the effects of physical activity on bone structural adaptations: musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) at muscle attachment sites and bone biomechanical properties. Bone responds to changes in mechanical loading resulting from activity and body weight. Activity reconstructions are important as they are the only means with which activity patterns of historic humans can be studied. However, MSMs have recently increased the debate about their reliability as activity indicators due to many bias factors which affect their appearance: age, size, sex and pathological changes. I studied the effects of physical activity on entheses from three perspectives. First, individuals performing heavy labour should have higher MSM scores compared to the light labour group due to elevated degree of mechanical loading at enthesis. This was studied on a population with known occupation and was among the first study designs of its kind. Second, a covariance between bone biomechanical properties and MSM was studied to infer etiology of MSM. The affects of activity and body weight on bone biomechanical properties are well known due to studies in sports medicine, whereas the causal mechanisms behind MSMs are not as clear. In theory, both should respond to stress with similar mechanisms. This is a novel approach to investigate the etiology behind MSMs. Third, if there is a possibility of site-specific adaptation of cortical bone, MSMs, which are local adaptations, can also result from site-specific stress. I found that while individuals performing heavy labour had higher scores, age-related changes in MSM override activity effects after biological maturity around 40 to 50 years. Also, MSMs and bone biomechanical properties are likely to remodel under same causal mechanisms as where there is an increase in one there is likely to be an increase in the other. Furthermore, bone has a possibility of site-specific response, as cortical thickness was increased at muscle pull sites compared to sites of no muscle pull. I propose that while MSM can be used to study the intensity of physical activity in individuals before they reach biological maturity, it is important to design studies where biasing factors, such as age, are considered
Tiivistelmä Väitöskirjani tarkoitus on tutkia lihasten kiinnittymiskohtien mahdollisuuksia ja rajoituksia fyysisen aktiviteetin rekonstruktioissa ja näin parantaa rekonstruktioiden luotettavuutta. Aktiviteettihistoriaa voidaan tutkia lihasten kiinnittymiskohdista luun pinnalla tai luun poikkileikkauksen ominaisuuksista, koska luu reagoi muutoksiin mekaanisen rasituksen määrässä. Mekaaniseen rasitukseen vaikuttaa aktiviteetin lisäksi ruumiin koko. Aktiviteetin rekonstruktiot mahdollistavat ammatin ja harrastusten selvittämisen pelkän luustomorfologian perusteella. Ruumiin koon ja aktiviteetin lisäksi myös ikä, sukupuoli, patologiset muutokset sekä ruokavalio vaikuttavat lihasten kiinnittymiskohtiin. Tästä syystä tämän menetelmän rajoitusten selvittäminen on oleellista luotettavien rekonstruktioiden aikaansaamiseksi. Jos aktiviteetti heijastuu lihasten kiinnittymiskohtiin, raskasta ja kevyttä työtä tekevillä ihmisillä tulee olla erilainen luustomorfologia. Lisäksi, lihasten kiinnittymiskohtien morfologian sekä luun poikkileikkausten ominaisuuksien tulee muunnella yhdessä koska molemmat heijastavat aktiviteettia. Luun poikkileikkausten ominaisuuksien aktiviteettisidonnaisuus tunnetaan paremmin liikuntalääketieteellisten tutkimusten ansiosta. Kolmanneksi, jos luu voi vastata rasitukseen paikallisesti kasvattamalla luun paksuutta lihaksen vetosuuntaan nähden, myös luun pinnassa paikallisesti tapahtuvat muutokset ovat mahdollisia. Nämä ovat uusia lähestymistapoja aktiviteettia heijastavien syntymekanismien selvittämisessä. Tutkimustulosteni perusteella raskasta ja kevyttä työtä tekevillä ihmisillä on erilainen luustomorfologia lihaksen kiinnittymiskohdassa. Nämä muutokset ovat alttiita myös ikäsidonnaisille muutoksille, joten noin 40–50 ikävuoden jälkeen fyysisen aktiviteetin intensiteettiä ei voida enää luotettavasti rekonstruoida. Aktiviteetin aiheuttamien muutosten syntymekanismi lihaksen kiinnittymiskohdissa on todennäköisesti sama kuin luun poikkileikkausten ominaisuuksilla, koska molemmat muuntelevat yhdessä. Lisäksi huomasin, että luu voi reagoida rasitukseen myös paikallisesti, koska luun seinämät olivat paksumpia lihaksen vetosuunnassa verrattuna kohtaan, johon ei liittynyt suoraa lihaksen vetosuuntaa. Ehdotan, että lihasten kiinnittymiskohtia voidaan käyttää aktiviteetin rekonstruktioissa, kunhan tutkimuksessa otetaan huomioon muut vaikuttavat tekijät, kuten ikä

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Mattsson, Magnus. « On the efficiency of displacement ventilation : with particular reference to the influence of human physical activity / ». Gävle, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/matt0924.pdf.

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Fausnacht, Dane Weston. « The Relationships of Age, Physical Activity Level, Adiposity, and Diet, with Human Satellite Myogenesis, and Metabolism ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94640.

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In healthy individuals, satellite cells are partly responsible for muscle repair and preventing atrophy. Previous studies have linked the loss of muscle mass associated with aging to satellite cell dysfunction, postulating that satellite cell function diminishes with age. New evidence suggests that this may not be true as satellite cells collected from healthy aged participants appear indistinguishable from their healthy young counterparts. Satellite cell dysfunction appears to be more mechanistically linked to poor lifestyle factors such as low physical activity, improper diet, and increased adiposity. For this study, satellite cell function was evaluated against the effects of aging, diet, activity level, and adiposity. Satellite cells were collected from the vastus lateralis of sedentary (<2 hours/week activity) male donors categorized into young (18-30 years) and older (60-80 years) groups, as well as a young endurance trained group (18-30 years, 5+ hours/week of running/cycling). Cells were collected in young sedentary males before and after a four-week, high fat (55% of kcal), and hypercaloric (+1000 kcal over DEE) diet (HFHCD). Cells were also subjected to an in-vitro, high substrate media (HSM) challenge, then grown in media with a fivefold increase in glucose (25 mM) and an additional 400 uM of fatty acids (2:1 palmitate:oleate) before seven days of serum starved differentiation. The cells were evaluated for their proliferation rate, ability to differentiate (fusion index), rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and capacity for substrate oxidation (glucose and fatty acid). The young group exhibited a lower proportion of body fat than the older group (22.4%±8.1 vs. 28.3%±6.3). When compared to the older group, the young group also presented elevated oxidative efficiency (68%, p<0.05) and reduced pyruvate oxidation (-60%, p<0.05) in measures of muscle tissue homogenate. However, isolated satellite cells from the young and older group demonstrated no observable differences in any measures (proliferation rate, fusion index, ROS production, or substrate oxidation), other than increased oxidative efficiency in cells from older vs. younger donors. Cells from young endurance trained donors demonstrated faster proliferation rates (39%, p<0.05) and elevated early stage fusion (33%, p<0.05) when compared to cells from older individuals. Compared to pre-diet measures, cells collected post HFHCD revealed significantly reduced proliferation rates (-19%, p<0.05). When grown in HSM (as compared to control media), cells from young lean (<25% BF) and trained participants had blunted proliferation rates (-4.8% and -12.6%, p<0.05), fusion index scores (p<0.05), and ROS production rates. Cells collected from participants with higher adiposity (>25% BF) and those collected post HFHCD experienced increased proliferation and fusion when exposed to the HSM. This data suggests that donor activity level, adiposity, and diet but not age are mediating factors for satellite cell function. The cells appear to develop a preference for their in-vivo environment, as cells collected from the leaner and trained participants had their proliferation and fusion rates reduced when exposed to HSM. Conversely, exposure to the HSM accelerated the proliferation and fusion of cells collected from donors with higher body fat and those collected post HFHCD.
PHD

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Spessato, Barbara Coiro. « Trajetórias de desenvolvimento motor de crianças e o engajamento em uma proposta interventiva inclusiva para maestria ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17700.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o desempenho das habilidades motoras fundamentais (HMF) e a prevalência de maestria¹ e maestria aproximada² (artigos 1 e 2) e os efeitos de uma intervenção motora inclusiva com contexto motivacional para a maestria³ no desempenho motor das HMF e no engajamento (artigo 3). Com esse fim dois estudos foram conduzidos que resultaram em 3 artigos. A amostra do primeiro estudo foi de 1248 crianças de três a 11 anos (artigos 1 e 2) e e do segundo 69 crianças com atrasos motores (artigo 3). Para as avaliações, foram utilizados o TGMD-2 (ULRICH, 2000) e os descritores de respostas de Rink (1996). Os resultados apresentados no artigo 1 demonstraram que poucas crianças das 1248 apresentaram desempenho acima da média (0,6%), e na média (19,2%), as demais apresentaram resultados inferiores a média. A prevalência de maestria de habilidades motoras fundamentais em geral foi baixa, menos de 40% em todas 12 HMF avaliadas; bem como da maestria aproximada que apresentou menos de 30% em 11 HMF. A curva desenvolvimental apresentou um platô a partir dos sete anos de idade. As crianças do grupo de sete anos e mais jovens demonstraram um desempenho das habilidades motoras fundamentais respectivo à faixa etária. Os resultados apresentados no artigo 2, demonstraram que meninos e meninas apresentaram níveis semelhantes de maestria em apenas três habilidades motoras: galope, salto com um pé e passada (p>0,05). Em todas as outras habilidades avaliadas, os meninos apresentaram uma prevalência de maestria significativamente superior à das meninas. Além disso, os meninos demonstraram desempenhos motores significativamente superiores aos das meninas nas habilidades de locomoção e de controle de objeto (p<0,05). Os resultados da intervenção (artigo 3) demonstraram que as crianças do grupo interventivo apresentaram resultados significativamente superiores no desempenho de HMF do pré para o pós-teste (p<0,05). As crianças do grupo controle, no entanto, não apresentaram mudanças significativas do pré para o pós-teste (p>0,05). Meninos e meninas se beneficiaram da intervenção, aprimorando o desempenho de habilidades locomotoras e de controle de objeto. Crianças PNEE e crianças n-PNEE demonstraram um desempenho significativamente diferente e superior (p<0,05) ao grupo de controle nas habilidades de locomoção e de controle de objeto. Quanto ao engajamento, a intervenção proporcionou níveis de engajamento adequados a meninos e a meninas e também a crianças PNEE e n-PNEE. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas na avaliação do engajamento e do desempenho motor.O comportamento engajado motoramente de forma apropriada apresentou uma correlação fraca (r=0,13), e o comportamento engajado motoramente de forma inapropriada apresentou uma correlação negativa e fraca (r=-0,20). O comportamento não engajado motoramente de forma apropriada apresentou uma correlação negativa moderada (r=-0,33), e o comportamento não engajado de forma inapropriada apresentou uma correlação negativa fraca (r=-0,15) com o desempenho motor. Conclui-se que as crianças em geral não estão apresentando um desempenho adequado das habilidades motoras fundamentais, que as meninas estão apresentando um desempenho inferior ao dos meninos e, ainda, que as intervenções motoras com contexto motivacional para a maestria apresentam resultados importantes na redução dos atrasos para crianças com dificuldades motoras.
The goal of the present research was to investigate the motor development of 12 fundamental motor skills (HMF), and the prevalence of mastery and near mastery (articles 1 and 2) and the effects of a inclusive motor intervention in motor performance of HMF and engajement (article 3). To fulfill that goal two studies were conducted and resulted in three articles. The subjects od the first study were 3 to 11 years old children (n=1248) and in the second 69 children with motor delays (article 3). For the evaluations TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000) and the behavioral descriptors Rink (1996) were used. The results presented on article 1 demonstrated that only a few children demonstrated development above average (0,6%), and average(19,2%) according to TGMD-2 criteria. The mastery of fundamental motor skills was generally low considering all participants, less than 40% considering all motor skills accessed, and near mastery less than 30% in 11 HMF. Also the developmental curve demonstrated a plateau from 7 years on. The 5 year old children and younger demonstrated the development according to the expected for their age group.Article 2 results demonstrated that boys and girls displayed similar levels of mastery to girls only in 3 skills: gallop, hopping and leaping (p>0,05). All other skills accessed boys demonstrated a significantly superior prevalence of mastery than girls. Also boys demonstrated significantly superior scores in locomotor and object control skills (p<0,05). The results of the intervention (article 3) demonstrated that intervention group showed significantly higher scores in fundamental motor skills from pre to post test (p<0,05).Children from the control group did not demonstrate any significant changes (p>0,05). Children with and without disabilities demonstrated an improvement in fundamental motor skill enhancing locomotor and object control skills performing significantly different (p<0,05) and superior than the control group after the intervention. The intervention provides adequate levels of engagement and motor development. Correlations of engagement and motor skills were not significant. The behavior motor engaged time appropriate had a positive and weak correlation (r=0,13)in the assessment of engagement, the behavior motor engaged inappropriate had a negative weak correlation (r=-0,20), the behavior not motor engaged appropriate had a negative moderate correlation (r=-0,33), the behavior not motor engaged inappropriate had a weak negative correlation with motor development. Children in general are not demonstrating an adequate development of fundamental motor skills, girls are demonstrating an inferior performance than boys, also interventions with the implementation of the mastery climate demonstrates to be helpful in minimizing motor delays of children with motor difficulties.

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Esakia, Andrey. « Development and Exploratory Findings of a Smartwatch Interface to Facilitate Group Cohesion in a Statewide Health Promotion Program ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78889.

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Background: Physical inactivity of the general population is a major public health concern in the US and around the world. Community-based interventions that include evidence-based principles of group dynamics are effective at improving individual-level physical activity behaviors as well as changing social norms for health behaviors. The use of technologies such as smartwatches has a potential to channel and amplify underlying group dynamics principles in such interventions. In order to explore the use of smartwatches for group dynamics-based physical activity interventions, a smartwatch centered system was designed and deployed as part of an eight-week pilot study. Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to explore the degree to which smartwatches effectively channel group dynamics strategies in the context of an eight-week community based physical activity intervention. Methods: In this explanatory mixed-methods study, system usage data were analyzed (e.g., frequency of interaction with smartwatch and smartphone) and participant physical activity (e.g., participant steps tracked by the system). To provide a richer picture of the user experience, use of features, and impact of group dynamics, participants were invited to participate in one-on-one interviews after the pilot program. The group dynamics-based questions centered on the individual’s attraction to the group task and socially as well as the individual’s perception of group integration around the task and as a social unit (i.e., the four dimensions of cohesion). The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed via an abbreviated grounded theory approach. The system usage data was visually and numerically summarized. Results: Five of the seven participants completed interviews. The interview analysis resulted in 365 meaning units representing 2 themes (related to user experience with devices and manifestations of group dynamic principles), 4 sub-themes and 23 categories. The participants completed 31.3 (SD=2.91) miles per week and engaged with the smartwatch and the Android app 2.6 and 1.5 times a day, respectively. Analysis of interviews and the system usage logs from five participants, reveal sustained engagement with the smartwatch and the smartphone app. The system facilitated self-reflection and awareness in terms of physical activity levels, encouraged interactions with the team members and helped them to stay aware of the daily goals. Additionally, the participants reported habit formation in terms of wearing and using the smartwatch on the daily basis. Implications: This study provides preliminary support that accessible information via the custom smartwatch watchface can be a viable solution for retaining higher participant engagement during group dynamics-based community interventions. Such devices can help expand group-dynamics interventions by making them less depended on in-person delivery methods.
Master of Science
Physical inactivity of the general population is a major public health concern in the US and around the world. Community-based interventions, with group dynamics strategies at the core, are effective at improving individual physical activity behaviors. The use of technologies such as smartwatches has potential to channel and amplify the underlying program principles in such interventions. This work presents a smartwatch-centered system to encourage group cohesion in physical activity interventions, exploring it as part of an eight-week study that revealed participant awareness of group performance through smartwatch interactions.

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Vakili-Tajareh, Hana. « Regulation of human pituitary growth hormone gene (hGH1) expression by energy homeostasis ». Elsevier, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30395.

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Human (h) growth hormone (GH) levels decline rapidly in response to excess caloric intake before there is any evidence of obesity. In this thesis, the mechanism underlying this response was examined by manipulating levels of caloric intake and physical activity at the levels of gene expression and chromosomal structure. Transgenic mice containing the intact hGH locus were used as a model system. Briefly, the findings are: (I) High caloric intake (high fat diet) for three days resulted in hyperinsulinemia and a decrease in both hGH synthesis and secretion. (II) Incorporation of physical activity (swim) muted the effects of excess caloric intake on insulin levels as well as hGH production. (III) Human GH RNA accumulation was shown for the first time to be negatively regulated by insulin in pituitary cultures, and (IV) an enhancer box (E-box) DNA element was implicated in this response. (V) Induction of the E-box associated transcription factor HIF-1α with insulin significantly decreased hGH RNA levels, and was accompanied by recruitment of HIF-1α to the hGH gene (hGH) promoter in situ. (VI) Both a reduction in HIF-1α synthesis and HIF-1 DNA binding blunted the negative effect of insulin on hGH RNA levels. (VII) The hGH response to insulin was associated with a decrease in histone H3/H4 hyperacetylation in the proximal hGH promoter region. The same pattern of chromatin remodelling was observed in pituitary cells in vivo in response to excess caloric intake. (IX) Increased recruitment of nuclear receptor co-repressor and decreased association of RNA polymerase II were also observed. Collectively, these effects are consistent with reduced hGH promoter function. (X) This reduction by excess caloric intake was also consistent with changes in the three dimensional-structure of the hGH locus including detected loss of physical interaction between hGH enhancer and promoter regions. (XI) By contrast, physical activity combined with the high caloric intake preserved the chromosomal structure of the hGH locus. These observations are discussed in relation to a physiological requirement for rapid control of hGH levels in response to energy homeostasis, as well as the molecular basis governing this process.
May 2015

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Kock, Elina, et Yamma Sarwari. « How can machine learning help identify cheating behaviours in physical activity-based mobile applications ? » Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20791.

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Den här studien undersöker möjligheten att använda sig utav Human Activity Recognition (HAR) i ett mobilspel, Bamblup, som använder sig utav fysiska rörelser för att upptäcka om en spelare fuskar eller om denne verkligen utför den verkliga aktiviteten. Sensordata från en accelerometer och ett gyroskop i en iPhone 7 användes för att samla data från olika människor som utförde ett antal aktiviteter utav intresse. Aktiviteterna som är utav intresse är hopp, knäböj, stampa och deras fuskmotsvarigheter, fuskhopp, fuskknäböj och fuskstampa. En sekventiell modell skapades med hjälp av det öppna programvarubiblioteket, TensorFlow. Feature Selection gjordes i programmet WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis), för att välja ut attributen som var mest relevanta för klassificeringen. Dessa attribut användes för att träna modellen i TensorFlow, vilken gav en klassificeringsprecision på 66%. Fuskaktiviteterna klassificerades relativt bra, och det gjorde även stampaktiviteten. Hopp och knäböj hade lägst klassificeringsprecision med 21.43% respektive 28.57%. Dessutom testades Random Forest klassificeraren i WEKA på vårt dataset med 10-delad korsvalidering, vilket gav en klassifieringsnoggranhet på 90.47%. Våra resultat tyder på att maskininlärning är en stark kandidat för att hjälpa till att identifiera fuskbeteenden inom fysisk aktivitetsbaserade mobilspel.
This study investigates the possibility to use machine learning for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) in Bamblup, a physical activity-based game for smartphones, in order to detect whether a player is cheating or is indeed performing the required activity. Sensor data from an accelerometer and a gyroscope from an iPhone 7 was used to gather data from various people performing a set of activities. The activities of interest are jumping, squatting, stomping, and their cheating counterparts, fake jumping, fake squatting, and fake stomping. A Sequential model was created using the free open-source library TensorFlow. Feature Selection was performed using the program WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis), to select the attributes which provided the most information gain. These attributes were subsequently used to train the model in TensorFlow, which gave a classification accuracy of 66%. The fake activities were classified relatively well, and so was the stomping activity. Jumping and squatting had the lowest accuracy of 21.43% and 28.57% respectively. Additionally, the Random Forest classifier in WEKA was tested on the dataset using 10-fold cross validation, providing a classification accuracy of 90.47%. Our findings imply that machine learning is a strong candidate for aiding in the detection of cheating behaviours in mobile physical activity-based games.

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Danelid, Fanny, et Elin Fältman. « Increasing Physical Activity with Gamification : Exploring Competitiveness as a Moderator for Leaderboard Effectiveness ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184418.

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Gamification is a strategy for changing behavior that can be used for increasing physical activity (PA). In Sweden, 34% of the population are not active enough and since sedentary behavior is associated with many health risks, this needs to be improved. One gamification strategy is leaderboards, but most previous research has not looked at isolated gamification strategies. The behavior change effectiveness of leaderboards could increase by personalizing it based on traits. This study investigated the behavior change effectiveness of leaderboards and how individual differences in competitiveness affects the effectiveness. The following research questions were addressed: How effective are leaderboards for increasing physical activity in adults? Does competitiveness level impact a leaderboard’s effectiveness? This experimental study examined 24 participants who reported their PA during one week and were either in an experimental group that saw a leaderboard, or a control group. Their difference in PA before and during the study was compared. Results show that there was no significant difference between the control and experimental group. However, a within-subject significant difference in PA was found (i.e. a significant increase during the experiment) for the experimental group. Additionally, no correlation was found between change in PA and competitiveness. However, competitiveness correlated with enjoyment of the leaderboard. Future studies should investigate more gamification strategies individually and in relation to other traits. Our conclusion is that the leaderboard did no harm, we did not observe the effectiveness claimed by other studies, and competitiveness had no impact on the effectiveness.
Spelifiering är en strategi för att ändra beteenden som kan användas för fysisk aktivitet (FA). I Sverige är 34% av befolkningen inte tillräckligt aktiva, och eftersom stillasittande beteende är associerat med många hälsoproblem behöver detta förbättras. En spelifieringsstategi är topplistor, men tidigare forskning har inte isolerat specifika spelifieringsstrategier. Effektiviteten av topplistor kan öka genom individuell anpassning baserat på personlighetsdrag. Den här studien undersöker effektiviteten av topplistor och hur individuella skillnader i tävlingsinriktning påverkar effektiviteten. Följande forskningsfrågor undersöktes: Hur effektiva är topplistor för att öka fysisk aktivitet hos vuxna? Påverkar nivån av tävlingsinriktning en topplistas effektivitet? Denna experimentella studie tittade på 24 deltagare som rapporterade in sin FA under en vecka och antingen var i en experimentgrupp som fick se en topplista eller en kontrollgrupp. Deras förändring i FA före och under studien jämfördes. Resultaten visade ingen signifikant skillnad i FA mellan grupperna. Men deltagarna i experimentgruppen hade en signifikant skillnad i FA (alltså en signifikant ökning under experimentet). Vi fann ingen korrelation mellan förändring i FA och tävlingsinriktning. Men tävlingsinriktning korrelerade med att tycka om att se topplistan. Framtida studier borde undersöka mer spelifieringsstrategier individuellt och i relation till andra personlighetsdrag. Vår slutsats är att topplistan inte gjorde någon skada, den var inte så effektiv som tidigare studier hävdat, och att tävlingsinriktning inte påverkade effektiviteten.

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Fazah, Abdallah. « Physical activity and obesity in Lebanese adolescents : prevalences, measurements and associations ». Phd thesis, Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596383/fr/.

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L’obésité est une pathologie définie par un excès de masse grasse. Un environnement caractérisé par une disponibilité illimitée de la nourriture, une augmentation de la sédentarité associée à une baisse de l’activité physique entraîne un état favorable à l’installation de l’obésité. Les études menées au Liban montrent que la prévalence de l’obésité chez les adultes est importante. Les causes responsables de l’obésité sont nombreuses : le niveau faible d’activité physique, la sédentarité et l’augmentation des apports nutritionnels. Néanmoins, il a été montré que les filles Libanaises sont moins touchées par l’obésité et le surpoids par rapport aux garçons Libanais et aux filles dans d’autres pays. Le premier but de cette thèse est d’évaluer les prévalences du surpoids et de l’obésité chez les adolescents Libanais et d’explorer les relations entre le niveau d’activité physique, l’inactivité, la qualité de vie et le statut pondéral. Le deuxième but était de déterminer la relation entre l’indice de masse corporelle et le pourcentage de masse grasse chez les adolescentes Libanaises et d’explorer l’influence du niveau d’activité physique sur cette relation. Le travail effectué dans cette thèse a été réalisé en deux phases. Dans la phase 1, 1000 adolescents ont participé à cette étude. Tous les participants ont complété un auto-questionnaire. Les données recueillies dans cette phase ont été utilisées dans l’étude 1. Dans la phase 2, 65 adolescentes ont été recrutées. Les mesures anthropométriques (poids et taille) ont été réalisées. Des mesures DEXA ont été réalisées au niveau du corps entier pour évaluer la composition corporelle. Enfin, ces adolescentes ont complété un questionnaire d’activité physique. Les données recueillies dans cette phase ont été utilisées dans les études 2 et 3. L’étude 1, se basant sur les valeurs de références mondiales de l’IMC correspondant au surpoids et à l’obésité montre qu’au Liban, 22,5 % et 7,8 % des garçons sont en surpoids et obèses respectivement. Chez les filles, 12,4 % sont en surpoids et 1,7 % sont obèses. Les garçons étant plus actifs que les filles. L’obésité pendant l’adolescence altère la qualité de vie chez les deux sexes et surtout chez les filles. L’étude 2 montre que pour un IMC donné, les adolescentes libanaises affichent un pourcentage de masse grasse beaucoup plus élevé que prévu. Dès lors, les prévalences d’obésité et du surpoids dans la population Libanaise sont sous-estimées. Enfin, l’étude 3 suggère qu’en ajoutant un simple auto-questionnaire validé, il est possible d’améliorer la relation entre l’indice de masse corporelle et le pourcentage de masse grasse
Obesity is a pathological excess of body fat. An environment with boundless food availability, and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle coupled with less chances for PA creates the perfect setting for obesity. Previous studies in Lebanon show that prevalence of obesity in adults is significant. Suggested causes include low physical activity, inactive lifestyle, and nutritional intake. However, in adolescents, research shows that prevalence is low among girls as compared to boys, and as compared to girls in other countries. The first aim was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Lebanese adolescents and to examine correlates of physical activity, inactivity, and quality of life with BMI status. The second aim was to determine the relation between Body Mass Index and percent body fat among girls and to investigate the effect of physical activity on this relation. The work in this thesis was conducted across two phases. In phase one, 1000 participated. They completed a self-report questionnaire made up of several sections. Data from this phase was used in study 1. In phase two, 65 adolescent girls were recruited. Body weight and height were measured by standard anthropometric procedures. DXA whole body scans were performed and subjects completed a physical activity questionnaire. Data from this phase was used in study 2 and 3. In Study one, based on international BMI cut off points, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 22. 5% and 7. 8% in boys respectively, and 12. 47% and 1. 78% in girls respectively. Boys are more active than girls. Obesity in adolescence impairs quality of life and is more pronounced in girls. Study two shows that girls demonstrate a higher body fat for a given BMI, based on this, the current prevalence of overweight and obesity is underestimated. Finally, study three suggests that by adding a simple validated self report questionnaire for physical activity, it may be possible to improve the relation between BMI and %BF

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Annear, M. J. « "They're not including us!" : neighbourhood deprivation and older adults' leisure time physical activity participation ». Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/468.

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Population ageing and the tendency for older adults to have poorer health status than younger adults have raised concerns about potential increases in the number of elderly suffering disease and disability. Significantly, many health problems experienced in later life are associated with the onset of a more sedentary lifestyle. Increasing older adults' participation in leisure time physical activity (henceforth LTPA) offers an opportunity to reduce the prevalence of preventable morbidity in later life and offset a potential burden of ageing on the public health sector. As a forerunner to the development of strategies to increase older adults' LTPA participation, researchers have investigated the intrapersonal, interpersonal and, to a lesser extent, environmental influences on this health behaviour. Recent findings from studies of the adult population have suggested that neighbourhood deprivation, a measure of the socioeconomic conditions of small areas, may significantly influence LTPA participation. Extending previous findings, this research investigated how neighbourhood deprivation influenced older adults' LTPA participation. A total of 63 older adults were recruited from high- and low-deprivation neighbourhoods in Christchurch, New Zealand. Neighbourhoods were selected because of their relative positions on the New Zealand Deprivation Index and were characterised by the researcher as "East-town", a neighbourhood of high deprivation, and "West-town", a neighbourhood of low deprivation. The research incorporated a cross-sectional, comparative and mixed-methods approach. The methods of enquiry employed in this research included a recall survey, Q method, and semi-structured interviewing. Each method addressed a different aspect of the primary research question and provided data that was used in the creation of an integrated model depicting the influence of neighbourhood deprivation on older adults' LTPA participation. The results derived from the three research methods showed that older adults from the low-deprivation neighbourhood of West-town participated in LTPA more frequently than older adults from the high-deprivation neighbourhood of East-town. East-town was identified as having many physical and social environmental constraints to LTPA and comparatively few facilitators. Alternatively, West-town was found to have many physical and social environmental facilitators to LTPA and relatively few constraints. Neighbourhood attributes which appeared to influence older adults' LTPA participation included appropriateness of leisure provision, neighbourhood attractiveness, walkability, traffic, and perceptions of crime and antisocial behaviour. One implication of this research is that environmental interventions should be considered in attempts to engage older adults in LTPA for health purposes, particularly in high-deprivation neighbourhoods.

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Grant, Vernon Matthew. « Effect of a structured exercise program on physical activity patterns and assessing relationships between accelerometry and strength and running performance characteristics in male, college students ». The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08242010-134442/.

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The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a supervised exercise training program on physical activity (PA) patterns. A secondary objective of the study was to determine if accelerometers can predict variables associated with strength and running performance. A total of 79 adult, male, college students completed a 12 week exercise training program that consisted of pull-ups, sit-ups, push-ups, and running three hours per week. The subjects trained three days/week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) and conducted a performance test (PT) every Wednesday. Physical activity (average daily time spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous PA), performance strength and running variables (pull-ups, sit-ups, push-ups, and 1.5 mile run time), and body composition (BC) (weight (kg), percent body fat (PBF), fat free mass (FFM;kg), and fat mass (FM;kg)) were assessed before and after 12 weeks of the exercise training program. Results showed the 12 week exercise training program had no effect on the average daily time (min) spent in sedentary, light, moderate or vigorous activity. There were significant positive correlations between average daily time spent in vigorous PA and pull-ups (p<.05), sit-ups (p<.01), and push-ups (p<.01). There were significant negative correlations between average daily time spent in moderate (p<.05) and vigorous (p<.01) PA and 1.5 mile run times. Additionally, there were significant negative correlations between BC and weight, PBF, and FM and pull-ups, sit-ups, and push-ups (p<.01). Data showed a a significant positive relationship between weight, PBF, and FM and 1.5 mile run time (p<.01). As expected, strength and running performance significantly improved in every area (p<0 .001) with an average gain of four pull-ups, 31 sit-ups, 15 push-ups, and a mean decrease of 30 seconds on the 1.5 mile run. The structured exercise intervention significantly improved strength and running performance characteristics, which included pull-ups, sit-ups, push-ups and a 1.5 mile run time. The results from this study show that the 12 week exercise training program did not affect PA levels in the participants but PA (vigorous) and BC (weight, PBF, and FM) may be able to predict pull-ups, sit-ups, push-ups, and 1.5 mile run performance variables.

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Karakostis, Fotios Alexandros [Verfasser], et Katerina [Akademischer Betreuer] Harvati. « Investigating the effect of manual physical activity on the form of human hand entheses / Fotios Alexandros Karakostis ; Betreuer : Katerina Harvati ». Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196701784/34.

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Öhlund, Jonas. « Fysisk aktivitet, befolkningstillväxt och förtätning : - en studie om idrottsytor i planeringen ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172334.

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The purpose of this essay has been to highlight how a municipality, with a target of population growth, is planning and working with areas and spaces for physical activity. The method used to conduct this research has been a qualitative interview- and content study. To include spaces for physical activity in the planning phase has shown to have positive effects on people’s health which also can results in a positive impact on the wider society. Like many other municipalities in Sweden Skellefteå is working towards a population growth target. The development strategy to reach this target has a focus on densification. Densification can have several positive effects, but densification processes in cities can also lead to increased pressure on the remaining areas for physical activity. The results of the study have shown that Skellefteå municipality hasn’t had any tangible conflicts regarding how to use existing areas for physical activity, although some tendencies of potential future conflicts have started to emerge. The results of the study have also shown that several different factors impact people’s access and possibility to engage in psychical activity and that the access to areas for sports activities is dependent on what sport activity is being discussed.

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Ginevičienė, Valentina. « Analysis of the variety of human genome loci associated with fast and long–lasting adaptation to the load of physical activity ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101022_095402-52939.

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The genetic diversity of physical capacity in the Lithuanian population has a pattern similar to that of other populations. The knowledge of the individual genomes of the athletes is especially important for sports theory, practice and medicine. This research is devoted to the issue of the effect of genetic factors on the components of sporting physical capacity. We have accumulated a sample of the Lithuanian elite athletes which was studied genetically according to a phenotype. We have created a DNA biobase of the Lithuanian elite athletes of various sporting disciplines and collected information about the genotypes and phenotypes of physical development and functional capacity of the athletes. This is the first time in Lithuania that the elite athletes were investigated according to allelic distribution of 6 candidate gene variants most associated with physical capacity. The genetic diversity of the physical capacity in the Lithuanian population has a pattern manifested by variation in the allele/genotype frequencies of the selected candidate gene markers in the Lithuanian athlete groups and general population. The indexes of physical development and functional capacity of the Lithuanian athletes correspond to the elite levels. Inherited qualities and adaptation to physical loads of the athletes can be assessed by statistical analysis of phenotypic indexes. Each group of athletes investigated had a typical genotype/allele combination. The genotypes of the gene variants... [to full text]
Žmonių populiacijų tyrimai atskleidžia jų fizinio pajėgumo genetinę įvairovę. Tokių ypatumų turi ir Lietuvos populiacija. Sportininkų individualaus genomo žinojimas ypač svarbus sporto teorijai, praktikai ir medicinai. Darbas skirtas svarbiausiems klausimams, susijusiems su genetinių veiksnių įtaka sportinio fizinio pajėgumo komponentams. Darbo metu buvo sukaupta Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų imtis, kuri ištirta genetiškai ir pagal fenotipą. Sukurtoje Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo įvairių sporto šakų sportininkų DNR mėginių biobazėje sukaupta informacija apie sportininkų genotipus ir sportininkų fizinio išsivystymo bei funkcinio pajėgumo fenotipiniai duomenys. Parinkti stipriausi genai kandidatai, siejami su žmogaus fiziniu pajėgumu. Didelio meistriškumo sportininkai pirmą kartą Lietuvoje buvo tirti pagal 6 genų kandidatų DNR žymenų alelių, dažniausiai asocijuojamų su fiziniu pajėgumu, paplitimą. Tirtų genų kandidatų žymenų genotipų/alelių dažnių įvairovė išskirtose sportininkų grupėse ir bendroje Lietuvos populiacijoje turi savitumų. Visų tirtų Lietuvos sportininkų fizinio išsivystymo ir funkcinio pajėgumo rodikliai atitinka didelio meistriškumo sportininkų lygį. Fenotipinių rodiklių statistinė analizė parodė sportininkų organizmo įgimtus gebėjimus ir prisitaikymą prie fizinių krūvių. Kiekvienos išskirtos sporto šakų grupės sportininkams būdinga genotipų/alelių kombinacija. Tirtų genetinių variantų genotipai turi skirtingos įtakos vyrų bei moterų fiziniam... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Viljoen, Ida. « BMI changes, dietary intake and physical activity of immigrants in the USA : an investigation of a South African population in the greater Atlanta area ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49871.

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Thesis (Mnutr)--Stellenbosch Univresity, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate post-immigration BMI changes in a South African immigrant population and how dietary intake and habitual physical activity reflect these changes. The study was designed as a cross-sectional, observational survey. Thirty-six volunteers aged 20 - 50 years were included in the sample. Volunteers were South African immigrants in the Atlanta area, USA, who have lived in the USA for more than 6 months but less than 5 years. METHOD: Subjects were required to complete four questionnaires including a selfadministered socia-demographic, physical activity and food frequency questionnaire. The weight history questionnaire containing measurements including height, weight and waist circumference was completed by the investigator. RESULTS: A significant increase in BMI was indicated for both male (p=0.036) and female (p=0.0009) subjects. The increase in BMI for two age categories, 20-29 years (p = 0.018) and 30-39 years (p = 0.006), was also significant. Forty five percent of females reported an energy intake above the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for active individuals. Reported saturated fatty acid intake (13% of TE) exceeded the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMOR). The prevalence of inadequate n-3 and n-6 PUFA as well as fibre intake was high, especially in men. Sixty four percent of the population had a 'low active' physical activity level (PAL). CONCLUSION: The observed increase in post-immigration BMI implies that the South African immigrant population, similar to other immigrant populations, has adopted to some extent, the lifestyle and dietary habits of the general US population. As a result, the South African immigrant population may also be subject to increased chronic disease risk.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die veranderinge in liggaamsmassa index (LMI) wat met immigrasie gepaard gaan in In Suid-Afrikaanse immigrant populasie te ondersoek, asook hoe die populasie se dieet en fisieke aktiwiteit hierdie veranderinge reflekteer. Die studie was In dwarssnit, observasie opname. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 36 vrywilligers (20 - 50 jaar oud). Respondente was deel van In Suid-Afrikaanse immigrant populasie in die Atlanta area, VSA, wat vir langer as 6 maande en korter as 5 jaar in die VSA woonagtig was. METODE: Respondente is versoek om vier vraelyste te voltooi insluitende In sosiodemografiese, fisieke aktiwiteit, -en voedsel frekwensie vraelys. Antropometriese metings, insluitende massa, lengte en middelomtrek is deur die navorser op die massa geskiedenis vraelys aangeteken. RESULTATE: In Betekenisvolle toename in LMI vir beide mans (p=0.036) en vroue (p=0.0009) is gevind. Die toename in LMI vir respondente 20-29 jaar (p = 0.018) en 30- 39 jaar (p = 0.006) was ook betekenisvol. Vyf-en-veertig persent vroue se energie inname was hoër as die aanbevole daaglikse inname vir aktiewe individue. Die populasie se versadigde vetsuur inname (13% van totale energie) was hoër as die aanvaarbare makronutriënt verspreiding. Die prevalensie vir onvoldoende innname van n-3 en n-6 poli-onversadigde vetsure, asook vesel inname was hoog, veralonder mans. Vier-en-sestig persent van die populasie se fisieke aktiwiteit vlak is geklassifiseer as 'lae aktiwiteit' . GEVOLGTREKKING: Die waargenome toename in LMI impliseer dat die studie populasie, soortgelyk aan ander immigrant populasies, die lewensstyl en dieet gewoontes van die algemene Amerikaanse populasie tot In sekere mate aangeneem het en is dus ook onderhewig aan die gevolglike toename in risiko vir kroniese siekte van lewensstyl.

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Ntinas, Petros. « Function and activation of human adipose tissue : the role of genes in the link between physical activity and brown adipose-like phenotype ». Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620509.

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Background: Excess white adipose tissue (WAT) in humans is considered as a harmful health index. However, increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) and brown-like adipose tissue activity are associated with increased resting energy expenditure (REE) that may help to control body weight. Exercise may enhance browning formation of WAT and reduce WAT that may lead to health improvements. Aims: a) to examine the effects of physical activity on the link between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and fibronectin type III domaincontaining protein 5 (FNDC5) genes in muscle, circulating Irisin and uncoupling protein one (UCP1) of WAT in humans (study 1); b) to examine the relationship between UCP1 mRNA and protein expression as well as PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor alpha (PPARα) and PPARγ genes with physical activity levels in WAT of healthy men (study 2); c) to examine the effects of different types of exercise and de-training on the UCP1 mRNA and protein expression (study 3), and d) on leptin mRNA in WAT of healthy men (study 4). Method: Study 1: A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses. Studies 2-4: The total of 46 healthy men subjected to measurements for physical activity levels, diet, anthropometry, body composition, REE, peak oxygen consumption, 1-repetition maximum and provided subcutaneous fat biopsies to determine mRNA and protein expression of six genes in one cross-sectional study and one randomized controlled trial. Results: Study 1: No link was found between PGC- 1α and FNDC5, circulating Irisin and UCP1 of WAT in response to physical activity. Study 2: The mRNA of, UCP1, PGC-1α, PPARα and PPARγ genes of WAT were not associated with physical activity levels. The UCP1 protein expression however, was negatively associated with physical activity levels. Studies 3-4: Different types of chronic exercise and de-training do not affect UCP1 mRNA and protein expression 3 and leptin mRNA in WAT. However, effect size analyses demonstrated increased UCP1 mRNA and protein expression, PPARγ and leptin in response to chronic exercise. Conclusions: There is no evidence to support the link between PGC-1α and FNDC5 in human muscle or the link between FNDC5 and circulating Irisin and UCP1 in WAT in response to exercise. There are no effects of exercise and de-training on browning formation of WAT and no link between browning formation indices and REE, body weight as well as leptin mRNA in healthy men. Further research is required to elaborate the aforementioned phenomena.

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Kalinauskaitė, Ernesta. « Šiaulių universiteto studentų fizinis aktyvumas ». Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120802_124714-96716.

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Bakalauro darbe analizuojama Šiaulių universiteto studentų fizinio aktyvumo ypatumai. Vieni iš pagrindinių sveikos gyvensenos aspektų yra fizinis aktyvumas, grūdinimasis, sveika mityba, tinkamas darbo ir poilsio rėžimas. Bakalauro darbo tikslas - atskleisti Šiaulių universiteto studentų fizinį aktyvumą. Tikslui pasiekti iškelti tokie uždaviniai: 1) atskleisti fizinio aktyvumo teorinius aspektus; 2) išanalizuoti studentų požiūrį į savo kūno išvaizdą, fizinį pajėgumą taip pat išsiaiškinti veiksnius galinčius įtakoti studentų fizinį aktyvumą; 3) įvertinti studentų fizinį aktyvumą.
The final thesis analyses the peculiarities of physical activity of Šiauliai University students. Physical activity, fitness, healthy nutrition, proper work and rest regimens and etc. are the key aspects of healthy lifestyle. The aim of the Bachelor‘s thesis is to reveal physical activity of the students of Šiauliai University. To achieve this aim the following objectives have been set: 1) to convey theoretical aspects of physical activity; 2) to analyse students’ attitude towards their body image, physical activity and to find out the factors which may have influence on students’ physical activity; 3) to assess physical activity of students.

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Altimiras-Martin, Aleix. « Managing human-induced material use : adding cyclic inter-sectoral flows to Physical Input-Output Tables to analyse the environmental impact of economic activity ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/253780.

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Current human activity is degrading the environment and depleting biotic and abiotic resources at unheard-of rates, inducing global environmental change and jeopardising the development of humankind. The structure of human activity determines which resources are extracted, how they are transformed and where and how they are emitted back to the environment. Thus, the structure of human activity ultimately determines the human-Earth System interaction and human-induced environmental degradation. Several theories and empirical findings suggest that a cyclic structure would lower the resource requirements and emissions of the economic system, decoupling production and consumption from their environmental impacts. However, the cyclic structure has not been fully characterised nor related to the resource requirements or emission generation estimates of environmental impacts as calculated through models representing the physical structure of the economic system. This thesis is interested in developing tools to analyse the physical structure of the economic system and, ultimately, to develop a method to identify its cyclic structure and relate it to the environmental impact induced by economic activity. Using this new knowledge, it might be possible to reduce the environmental impact of the economy by altering its physical structure. In chapter 3, the different methods to calculate the emissions and resources associated to a given final demand of physical input-output tables are reviewed because they gather different results; it is argued that only two are valid. Surprisingly, these two methods reveal different physical structures; these are explored using a backward linkage analysis and their differences explained. It is found that only one method is appropriate to analyse the physical structure of the economic system and this method is in fact a new input-output model capable of tracing by-products as final outputs. Also, since traditional input-output structural analyses provide aggregate measures, a visual representation of input-output tables enabling researchers to perform disaggregated structural analyses and identify intersectoral patterns is developed. In chapter 4, a method to derive the full cyclic structure of the economic system is developed using network analysis within the Input-Output framework; it identifies the intersectoral cycles and the resources and emissions associated to cycling. It is shown that cyclic flows maximise the system throughput but lower the resource efficiency of the system vis-à-vis the system outputs. It is demonstrated that 1) the complete structure is composed of a cyclic-acyclic and a direct-indirect sub-structure, challenging the common understanding of the functioning of the structure, and 2) cycling is composed of pre-consumer cycling, post-consumer cycling, re-cycling and trans-cycling. In chapter 5, a set of indicators are developed to capture the weight and emissions associated to each sub-structure and the sub-structures are related to the economy's resource efficiency and emissions. In chapter 6, it is illustrated how to use the concepts, indicators and methods developed in previous chapters to identify strategies to improve the resource efficiency of the economy by altering its structure. Finally, in chapter 7, it is suggested to refine the definition of recycling to integrate the different systemic effects of pre-consumer and post-consumer cycling and it is argued that the ideal structure of a circular, close-loop economy should minimise its pre-consumer cycling in favour of more efficient acyclic flows while maximising its post-consumer cycling.

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Braithwaite, Irene E., Alistair W. Stewart, Robert J. Hancox, Rinki Murphy, Clare R. Wall, Richard Beasley et Edwin A. Mitchell. « Body mass index and vigorous physical activity in children and adolescents : an international cross-sectional study ». Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625724.

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Aim: To examine the relationship between reported vigorous physical activity (VPA) and body mass index (BMI) in children (6–7 years) and adolescents (13–14 years). Methods: In the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three, 75 895 children's parents and 199 502 adolescents answered questions relating to VPA, height and weight. The association between VPA and BMI was analysed using general linear models, adjusting for country gross national index. Results: Compared to children who undertook no VPA, those in the infrequent group (once or twice per week) and those in the frequent group (three or more times per week) had mean (95% CI) BMI values 0.07 kg/m 2 (0.03–0.11) and 0.09 kg/m 2 (0.03–0.15) greater, respectively (p = 0.001). Compared to adolescents reporting no VPA, those in the infrequent group had a BMI 0.19 kg/m 2 (0.15–0.23) greater while those in the frequent group had a BMI 0.01 kg/m 2 (−0.03–0.05) greater (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Reported VPA is not associated with lower BMI among children and adolescents. Investigation of VPA and BMI may be best undertaken in conjunction with other variables in the energy expenditure equation. A focus on VPA alone may be an inefficient way to manage BMI.
Revisión por pares

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Patel, Sheena Pravin. « THE HEALTHY MONDAY CAMPAIGN : HEALTH AWARENESS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS ». UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/1.

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Childhood obesity is a major public health concern for Americans. Many school-based health interventions and campaigns have been in place in the elementary school setting to help lower the rates of childhood obesity and to make students aware of their health. This study focuses on the implementation of the Healthy Monday campaign to fourth and fifth grade students in two Kentucky elementary schools. Particularly the focal points of the campaign consist of nutrition and physical activity. The campaign highlights two spin-off campaigns from the Healthy Monday campaign titled the Monday Mile and Meatless Monday. This study looks at the effectiveness of the overall health campaign to the fourth and fifth grade students, their parents, and teachers in the two schools. Pre and post surveys were developed in order to test four components of the health campaign: campaign awareness, attitudes, nutrition knowledge, and behavior change. This study shows that the health campaign increased student’s awareness, nutrition knowledge, and behavior change. Also the parent and teacher population showed significant increase in campaign awareness and behavior change. Overall, the health campaign created awareness among all three populations.

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Danielsson, Melinda. « Exchange of Tracking Information on a Shared Platform - How the space of interaction can be designed to increase practitioners' motivation in physical activity outdoors ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23092.

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Interactive technology in the area of fitness and wellbeing has gained increasing interest in the HCI community with the emphasize to design technologies and tools in the aim to encourage people and make them more engaged in physical activity. However, there is little investigation in which precise factors that contribute to user motivation and self-efficacy.Physical activity outdoors together with tracking devices enables the users to view and interpret the results from their practice based on movements. The data can then be visualized on geographic maps, which are powerful tools for presentation. Online platforms on the web give users the opportunity to share their own results together with other practitioners’ results. This creates a shared network of practitioners in a world-wide online setting, based on geolocated information visualized on geographic maps. The study starts with the hypothesis that the space of interaction on a map-based social network platform can be further developed in the aim to increase practitioners’ motivation in physical activity. Two approaches are identified in the study: comparative and supportive. The study examines how they can be integrated in the space of a map-based social network platform in the aim to motivate practitioners. The study results in different kinds of features and investigate in practitioners’ experience of them.

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Schlecht, Stephen Harold. « A Histomorphometric Analysis of Muscular Insertion Regions : Understanding Enthesis Etiology ». The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1328985192.

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Atencio, Matthew. « 'Crunk', 'cracking' and 'choreographies' the place and meaning of health and physical activity in the lives of young people from culturally diverse urban neighborhoods / ». Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061211.120420/index.html.

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Горобець, Д. О., М. Ю. Мечик et В. І. Голиш. « Вплив гіпоксії на організм людини при підняттю в гори, у тренувальній, змагальній діяльності у спортивному радіопеленгуванні ». Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46833.

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Актуальність теми – спортсмени в умовах високогір’я мають гарну фізичну форму, але не мають певної адаптації. Очевидно, що в умовах високогір’я вплив на фізичну форму неминучий. . Мета даної роботи – забезпечити нормальні умови перебування спортсмена в умовах високогір’я, дослідження впливу нестачі кисню на організм людини.

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Henriques, Izabela Batista. « Desempenho exergético do corpo humano e de seu sistema respiratório em função de parâmetros ambientais e da intensidade de atividade física ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3150/tde-18082014-104441/.

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A análise exergética é aplicada ao corpo humano a fim de determinar o comportamento exergético padrão do corpo e do seu sistema respiratório para um indivíduo saudável em diferentes condições ambientais e intensidades de atividade física. Para isso, são calculadas as taxas de exergia destruída e as eficiências exergéticas do pulmão e do corpo como um todo para diferentes altitudes, períodos de aclimatação, temperaturas, umidades relativas e intensidades de atividade física. São utilizados modelos do corpo e do sistema respiratório disponíveis na literatura, assim como um modelo exergético do corpo. Para a análise exergética do sistema respiratório é proposto um modelo exergético baseado no modelo de transferência de calor e massa presente na literatura. A análise exergética é aplicada a dois volumes de controle: o corpo e o sistema respiratório, que compreende as vias aéreas e os pulmões. No primeiro volume de controle ocorre transferência de exergia para o ambiente através de convecção e radiação, assim como fluxos de exergia através da respiração e evaporação, além da geração de exergia pelo metabolismo exergético. No volume de controle relativo ao sistema respiratório, os fluxos de exergia estão associados ao ar inspirado e expirado e ao sangue venoso e arterial. A transferência de exergia ocorre através do calor gerado pelo metabolismo e do trabalho dos músculos respiratórios. Há também uma variação da exergia relativa ao metabolismo exergético do pulmão. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a eficiência exergética do pulmão diminui com a altitude e atividade física, enquanto a do corpo aumenta para ambos os parâmetros. Com relação à aclimatação, o período no qual as eficiências exergéticas são máximas é a partir de vinte dias. No que diz respeito à variação da temperatura e da umidade relativa, observa-se que quanto maior a intensidade da atividade física, menor a temperatura próxima do conforto. Nota-se que as eficiências do corpo e do pulmão têm comportamentos distintos, sendo o corpo mais influenciado pela intensidade da atividade física, enquanto o sistema respiratório é mais suscetível a alterações das condições ambientais.
Exergy analysis is applied to human body in order to determine the exergy behavior pattern of the body and its respiratory system for a healthy subject under different environmental conditions and physical activity intensities. In order to do so, destroyed exergy rate and exergy efficiencies are calculated for different altitudes, acclimatization periods, temperatures, relative humidities and exercise intensities. An integrated model of the body and its respiratory system and an exergy model of the body are utilized. To perform the exergy analysis of respiratory system, an exergy model based on that available in literature is proposed. Exergy analysis is applied to two control volumes: the human body as a whole and the respiratory system, which comprises the lungs and the airways. In the first control volume, the exergy rate transferred to the environment due to convection and radiation is considered, as well as the exergy flow rate associated with respiration and transpiration and the internal exergy generation caused by the exergy metabolism. In the second one, the exergy rates and flow rates are associated with the venous blood and the inspired air in the inlet and the arterial blood and expired air in the outlet. An internal exergy variation due to the exergy metabolism of the lung, an exergy transfer associated with the metabolism of the lung and the work performed by the respiratory muscles were also taken into account. The results indicate that the exergy efficiency of the lung decreases as the altitude and exercise intensity increase, while the exergy efficiency of the body increases for both parameters. Regarding acclimatization period, the greatest exergy efficiencies are obtained after twenty days. Concerning temperature and humidity variations, the higher the activity level, the lower the thermal comfort temperature. It is also possible to observe distinct behaviors between body and lung. The body is more influenced by the physical activity intensity, while the respiratory system is more affected by environmental parameters.

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Souza, Aline Cavalcante de. « Relações entre atividade física, corpo e imagem corporal entre universitários da Argentina, Brasil, Estados Unidos da América e França ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-02082017-153802/.

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Introdução: Ao corpo são atribuídos diversos significados e a imagem corporal é influenciada por múltiplos fatores. Jovens universitários constituem um grupo vulnerável aos ideais de aparência corporal, e podem buscá-los por meio de exercícios físicos, dietas, restrições alimentares e cirurgias plásticas, com consequências adversas. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre atividade física, relação com corpo e imagem corporal entre universitários, e verificar como estes construtos se relacionam e se diferenciam entre quatro países em ambos os sexos. Método: A amostra incluiu 1.695 universitários de ambos os sexos, da Argentina (n=304), Brasil (n=583), França (n=441) e EUA (n=367), que responderam a um questionário online com questões sociodemográficas, estado nutricional, atividade física, imagem corporal, cirurgia plástica e atitudes alimentares. Na avaliação do efeito do país, do sexo, da razão para exercício e do estado nutricional sobre as demais variáveis, utilizaram-se modelos lineares generalizados; enquanto a avaliação da associação de variáveis categóricas nominais foi feita por meio de teste de Qui-quadrado (X2) de Pearson. Resultados: A saúde foi apontada como principal razão para exercício entre argentinos (=40,2 por cento ; =52 por cento ), brasileiros (=36,4 por cento ; =29,1 por cento ) e estadunidenses ( = 52,1 por cento ; =48,8 por cento ) de ambos os sexos; entre os franceses, a saúde foi mais frequente para as mulheres (43,4 por cento ), e a diversão para os homens (38,3 por cento ). Independente do país, ser do sexo feminino determinou piores atitudes alimentares, como dietas (p<0,001), vômitos (p<0,001), e maior insatisfação corporal (p<0,001) mais de 80 por cento das mulheres e dos homens apresentaram insatisfação corporal: desejando formas corporais menores (=88,5 por cento ; =52,9 por cento ) ou maiores (=11,5 por cento ; =47,1 por cento ). Ser mulher também determinou maior escore para restrições alimentares (pior na Argentina, p<0,001) e maior preocupação com excesso de peso (pior no Brasil, p<0,05); enquanto ser do sexo masculino determinou desejar peso e imagem corporal maiores. O país foi determinante para a frequência semanal de atividade física, preocupação com a rotina de exercícios (maiores nos EUA, p<0,001), restrições e compulsões alimentares [maiores escores na Argentina (p<0,001) e na França (p<0,001), respectivamente]. No Brasil, houve maior possibilidade de aderir a uma cirurgia plástica (p<0,001), maior média de anos de vida que abria mão por um corpo ideal (p<0,05) e maior preocupação com a comida e a aparência (p<0,05). Discussão: Embora a saúde tenha sido a resposta mais frequente para se exercitar, verificaram-se atitudes disfuncionais para com a alimentação, o corpo e exercício. As atitudes alimentares foram piores entre as mulheres, enquanto a relação com o corpo/aparência e atividade física parece ser mais influenciada pelos países. Conclusão: Houve bastante semelhança quanto às atitudes alimentares disfuncionais e insatisfação corporal para os jovens dos quatro países a maior diferença foi o sexo. Já os significados e importância dados à atividade física e aparência corporal apresentaram mais diferenças culturais, sendo os estadunidenses os que mais valorizam a rotina de exercícios, e os brasileiros os que mais consideram realizar cirurgias plásticas. Estes resultados evidenciam a importância de um olhar mais amplo por parte dos nutricionistas e profissionais de saúde quanto à alimentação, atividade física e ao corpo bem como considerar possíveis diferenças entre homens e mulheres, e entre culturas
Introduction: Different meanings are attributed to the body and body image is influenced by multiple factors. Young college students represent a vulnerable group to body appearance ideals, and this group tries to achieve these ideals through physical exercises, diets, food restrictions and plastic surgeries with adverse consequences. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between physical activity, body and body image of college students, and how they relate and differentiate themselves between four countries in both genders. Method: The sample included 1,695 college students, from both genders in Argentina (n=304), Brazil (n= 583), France (n=441) and USA (n=367), that answered to an online questionnaire composed by sociodemographic questions, nutritional status, physical activity data, body image, plastic surgery and eating attitudes. To evaluate the effect of country, gender, reason to exercise and nutritional status over other variables, generalized linear models were used, and the evaluation of categorical nominal variables associations were done by Pearson Chi-square Test (X2). Results: Health was mentioned as the main reason to exercise among Argentinean (=40,2 per cent ; =52 per cent ), Brazilians (=36,4 per cent ; =29,1 per cent ) and Americans ( = 52,1 per cent ; =48,8 per cent ) in both genders; among French, health was more frequent for women (43,4 per cent ), and , the reason fun for men (38,3 per cent ). Despite of the country, the female group showed worst eating attitudes as dieting (p<0,001), vomiting (p<0,001), and a higher body dissatisfaction (p<0,001) more than 80 per cent of woman and men were dissatisfied with their bodies: desired a smaller body size (=88,5 per cent ; =52,9 per cent ) or larger (=11,5 per cent ; =47,1 per cent ). Being a woman also determined greater score to food restriction (worst in Argentina, p<0,001) and more concerns about overweight (worst in Brazil, p<0,05); whereas being a male determined the desire to have a greater weight and larger body image. The country was determinant for the physical activity weekly frequency, concerns about exercises routine (greater in USA, p<0,001), food restriction and binge [greatest scores in Argentina (p<0,001) and France (p<0,001), respectively]. In Brazil, there was the higher adherence possibility to plastic surgery (p<0,001), the highest number of years of life that they are willing to give up for an ideal body (p<0,05) and higher concern about food and appearance (p<0,05). Discussion: Although health was the most frequent reason to exercise, there were also verified dysfunctional attitudes towards food, body and exercises. Eating attitudes were worse in women, whereas the relationship with body/appearance and physical activity seems more influenced by countries. Conclusion: There was considerable similarity regarding dysfunctional eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction among the students of the four countries the greatest was gender. The meaning and importance of physical activity and body appearance presented more cultural differences, the Americans were the ones who most valued the exercise routine, and Brazilians were the ones who most consider going under plastic surgeries. These results emphasize the importance of a deeper understanding to be considered by nutritionists and health professionals regarding eating, physical activity and body as well as to consider the possible differences between men and women and cultures

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Emine, Özen Asli. « Assessment of functional food and beverage consumption among the Balearic Islands population : gender, socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97340.

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Aquesta tesi examina els determinants sociodemogràfics i d'estil de vida del consum d’aliments funcionals i el consum de begudes entre els adults i adolescents de la població de les Illes Balears. La població adulta preferí consumir aliments funcionals com llet baixa en greix, el cafè i el té, probiòtics i els cereals per a l’esmorzar. De la mateixa manera, la població adolescent també preferí consumir llet modificada (baixa en greixos o llet enriquida en omega-3), probiòtics i els cereals per a l’esmorzar. El consum de molts aliments funcionals s’associà positivament amb la ingesta de certs components funcionals. L’aigua és la principal font de fluid en la població adolescent i adulta. Mentre que una major proporció de la població adulta consumí begudes com la llet baixa en greix, el cafè i el té, la majoria dels adolescents preferiren consumir begudes com el suc de fruita natural o la llet sencera. La ingesta de begudes contribueix d’un 6 a un 13% de la ingesta energètica diària total (TEI) en adolescents, mentre que en els adults el consumo de begudes proporciona del 9 al 18% de la TEI diària.
La presente tesis fue estudiar los determinantes socio-demográficos y de estilo de vida del consumo de alimentos funcionales i consumo de bebidas entre los adultos y adolescentes de la población de las Islas Baleares. La población adulta prefirió consumir alimentos funcionales como leche baja en grasa, el café y el té, probióticos y los cereales para el desayuno. Del mismo modo, la población adolescente también prefirió consumir leche modificada (baja en grasas o leche enriquecida en omega-3), probióticos y los cereales para el desayuno. El consumo de muchos alimentos funcionales se asoció positivamente con la ingesta de determinados componentes funcionales. El agua es la principal fuente de fluido en la población adolescente y adulta. Mientras que una mayor proporción de la población adulta consume bebidas como la leche baja en grasa, el café y el té, la mayoría de los adolescentes prefirieron consumir bebidas como el zumo de fruta natural o la leche entera. La ingesta de bebidas contribuye de un 6 a un 13% de la ingesta energética diaria total (TEI) en adolescentes, mientras que en los adultos el consumo de bebidas proporciona del 9 al 18% de la TEI diaria.
The present thesis examined the socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants of the functional food (FF) and beverage consumption among adult and adolescent population in the Balearic Islands. Adult population preferred to consume FFs like low-fat milk, coffee and tea, probiotics and breakfast cereals. Similarly, adolescent population also preferred to consume modified milk (low-fat or omega-3 enriched milk), probiotics and breakfast cereals. Consumption of many FFs was positively associated with the intake of several functional components. Water was found the main fluid source in adolescent and adult population. While a higher proportion of adult population consumed beverages like low-fat milk, coffee and tea, the majority of adolescents were preferred to consume beverages like natural fruit juice or whole fat milk. Beverage intake contributed 6 to 13% of the daily total energy intake (TEI) of adolescents, while in adults beverage consumption provided 9 to 18% of the daily TEI.

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Ribeiro, Sandra Maria Lima. « Caracterização do estado nutricional de indivíduos portadores de deficiência motora praticantes de atividade física ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-02102014-143112/.

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OBJETIVOS: caracterizar o estado nutricional de indivíduos ativos, portadores de deficiência motora. METODOLOGIA: Foram avaliados 68 indivíduos ativos, do sexo masculino, portadores de lesão medular (LM, n= 28), seqüelas de poliomielite (L, n=32) ou amputados (A, n= 8). Foram avaliados: o consumo alimentar (recordatório de 24h e lista de freqüência de alimentos), antropometria (peso, altura, dobras cutâneas), composição corporal por DEXA e por bioimpedância. Quanto aos parâmetros bioquímicos: glicemia de jejum, lipídeos plasmáticos (colesterol total, LDL, HDL e triacilgliceróis), uréia e creatinina, insulina, cortisol e IGF-1 plasmáticos. Os dados dos grupos foram submetidos à análise univariada (ANOVA) e os contrastes significativos ao teste de Tuckey, além da análise multivariada para detecção das correlações entre os parâmetros de avaliação. RESULTADOS: os grupos apresentaram um consumo energético abaixo das predições normais, o que pode ser explicado pela menor necessidade decorrente da diminuição da massa muscular. A distribuição percentual da ingestão de lipídeos apresentou-se elevada, inversamente ao consumo de carboidratos. O IMC mostrou-se um bom indicador da gordura corporal, o DEXA mostrou alta correlação com os dados obtidos por dobras cutâneas e com as predições convencionais de gordura corporal. A densidade óssea do corpo total apresentou normalidade, porém, nos LMe nos P a região das pernas apontou para osteopenia e/ou osteoporose. Os dados bioquímicos apresentaram-se normais. CONCLUSÕES: a atividade física parece ter sido um fator determinante para a normalidade encontrada na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, embora não tenha sido suficiente para manter a densidade óssea e muscular nas regiões paralisadas. Ficou evidente a necessidade de trabalhos de Educação Nutricional para esses indivíduos. No que diz respeito a parâmetros de densidade óssea, é importante a análise dos diferentes segmentos do corpo.
OBJECTIVES: to characterize the nutricional status of active, handicapped individuals. METHODOLOGY: 68 individuals active, men, with spinal cord injury (SCI) (LM, n = 28), poliomelite sequels (L, n=32) or amputed ( n = 8). They had been evaluated by: food consumption (24h dietary recall and food frequency), anthropometry (weight, height, skinfolders and cicunferences), body composition from DEXA and bioelectrical impedance. About the biochemical parameters: serum fast glucose, serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides), serum urea and creatinine, insulin, cortisol and IGF-1. The data had been submitted to the ANOVA and the significant contrasts to the Tuckey test, beyond the multivaried analysis for correlations values between the parameters. RESULTS: the groups had presented an energy consumption below of the normal predictions, what it can be explained by the muscle mass reduction. The distribution of the lipids ingestion was high, inversely to the carbohydrates consumption. The body mass index (BMI) revealed to be a good index of the body fat, the DEXA showed high correlation with the skinfolders and with the body fat predicictions. The total bone density presented normality, however, in the LM and the P the region of the legs pointed osteopenia and/or osteoporose. The biochemical data had been normal. CONCLUSIONS: the physical activity seems to have been a determinative factor for the normality found in the majority of the evaluated parameters, even so it has not been enough to keep the bone and muscle density in the paralyzed regions. The necessity of Nutricional Education was evident for these individuals. About the parameters of bone density, the analysis of the different regions is important .

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Dedinja, Semra. « Walk with me : An iterative design process involving senior citizens in the making of a persuasive eHealth system ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160769.

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Digitization of data offers more opportunities for future health and medicine care due to the availability of information technology in our everyday lives. Several studies have provided us with insights in designing persuasive eHealth services, but only a few studies have investigated the design of a persuasive eHealth application by using presently available smartphones and while including the target group. By pursuing an iterative design process, three smartphone application prototypes were created and tested with senior citizens by using cognitive walkthroughs, use case scenarios and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the target group involvement had positive influences on the design of the prototypes, with user insights uncovering setbacks and opportunities in the design. Thus, the study presents a set of primary characteristics for designing a persuasive eHealth application to be usable with smartphones and how the iterative design process with the involvement of senior citizens shaped the design.

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Santos, Luís Filipe Castanheira. « Energym. Actividade física e eficiência energética. Sistemas de actividade física para espaços verdes ». Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4414.

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Tese de Mestrado em Design de Produto.
Este projecto de investigação incide sobre a área da actividade física e da energia humana e culmina no desenvolvimento de um sistema de exercício físico ao ar livre composto por produtos e serviços que visam promover e apoiar os estilos de vida activa e a consciencialização ecológica dos cidadãos. O sedentarismo, fortemente influenciado pelo advento tecnológico, constitui actualmente um grave problema de saúde pública responsável por 6% das mortes globais. A investigação aborda a actividade física regular como componente essencial no combate eficaz à obesidade e às doenças crónicas, ambas agravadas pelo sedentarismo, e na melhoria do bem-estar físico e mental. É feita referência à importância dos parques urbanos como espaços públicos com condições que facilitam a socialização e as actividades recreativas, nas quais está incluído o exercício físico. A crescente proximidade entre actividade física e ambiente conduziu-nos à componente de energia humana, uma fonte de energia alternativa que é simultaneamente saudável para o Homem e benéfica para o meio ambiente. É destacado o papel pedagógico da energia humana como processo físico de produção de energia eléctrica que aproxima as pessoas da eficiência energética e da consciencialização ecológica. A fusão da actividade física com a energia humana tem gerado “ginásios ecológicos” que tornam os seus utilizadores proactivos em relação aos problemas sociais e ambientais, mas cujo acesso abrange apenas um reduzido número de pessoas. A necessidade de criação de melhores e mais acessíveis oportunidades que incentivem e sustentem os comportamentos saudáveis da população está na génese desta investigação. A abordagem realizada ao problema foi suportada por uma metodologia qualitativa que se divide em dois momentos distintos. Numa primeira fase teórica procedeu-se à construção do estado da arte através da revisão da literatura de enquadramento teórico, acompanhada do estudo de casos e de uma pesquisa e análise de soluções existentes no mercado. Numa segunda fase de índole prática realizou-se uma investigação activa .
ABSTRACT - This research project focuses on the area of physical activity and human energy and culminates in the development of a system of outdoor exercise composed of products and services that aim to promote and support active lifestyles and environmentally conscious citizens. The sedentary lifestyle, heavily influenced by the advent of technology, is now a serious public health problem responsible for 6% of global deaths. The investigation deals with regular physical activity as an essential component in the effective fighting obesity and chronic diseases, both aggravated by a sedentary lifestyle, and improving the physical well-being and mental health. Reference is made to the importance of urban parks as public spaces with conditions that facilitate socialization and recreational activities, in which is included physical exercise. The growing closeness between physical activity and environment has led us to the component of human energy, an alternative energy source that is both healthy for humans and good for environment. It highlights the pedagogical role of human energy and physical process of electricity production that brings people to energy efficiency and environmental consciousness. The merger of physical activity with the human energy has generated “green gyms” that make their users proactive in relation to social and environmental problems but the access to these spaces covers only a small number of people. The need to create better and more accessible opportunities to encourage and sustain healthy behaviors of the population is in the genesis of this investigation. The approach taken to the problem was supported by a qualitative methodology which is divided into two distinct periods. In a theoretical first phase we proceeded to the construction of the state of the art by reviewing the literature together with the theoretical framework and case study research and analysis solutions on the market. In a second phase of practical nature took place an active research accompanied by definition and development of the physical activity system that proposes. The concept designated in this investigation combines outdoor physical exercise in urban parks to the production of electricity resulting in a loyalty system that supports, motivates and involves users in taking heatlhy and environmentally needed life routines. The system consists of a human powered fitness machine, a portable monitoring device and an online platform.

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