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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Human lineage »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 25 janvier 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Human lineage"

Ward, Todd J., Lisa Gorski, Monica K. Borucki, Robert E. Mandrell, Jan Hutchins et Kitty Pupedis. « Intraspecific Phylogeny and Lineage Group Identification Based on the prfA Virulence Gene Cluster of Listeria monocytogenes† ». Journal of Bacteriology 186, n^o 15 (1 août 2004) : 4994–5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.15.4994-5002.2004.

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ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a serious food-borne pathogen that can cause invasive disease in humans and other animals and has been the leading cause of food recalls due to microbiological concerns in recent years. In order to test hypotheses regarding L. monocytogenes lineage composition, evolution, ecology, and taxonomy, a robust intraspecific phylogeny was developed based on prfA virulence gene cluster sequences from 113 L. monocytogenes isolates. The results of the multigene phylogenetic analyses confirm that L. monocytogenes comprises at least three evolutionary lineages, demonstrate that lineages most frequently (lineage 1) and least frequently (lineage 3) associated with human listeriosis are sister-groups, and reveal for the first time that the human epidemic associated serotype 4b is prevalent among strains from lineage 1 and lineage 3. In addition, a PCR-based test for lineage identification was developed and used in a survey of food products demonstrating that the low frequency of association between lineage 3 isolates and human listeriosis cases likely reflects rarity of exposure and not reduced virulence for humans as has been previously suggested. However, prevalence data do suggest lineage 3 isolates may be better adapted to the animal production environment than the food-processing environment. Finally, analyses of haplotype diversity indicate that lineage 1 has experienced a purge of genetic variation that was not observed in the other lineages, suggesting that the three L. monocytogenes lineages may represent distinct species within the framework of the cohesion species concept.

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Drissen, Roy, Supat Thongjuea, Kim Theilgaard-Mönch et Claus Nerlov. « Identification of two distinct pathways of human myelopoiesis ». Science Immunology 4, n^o 35 (24 mai 2019) : eaau7148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aau7148.

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Human myelopoiesis has been proposed to occur through oligopotent common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP) populations. However, other studies have proposed direct commitment of multipotent cells to unilineage fates, without specific intermediary lineage cosegregation patterns. We here show that distinct human myeloid progenitor populations generate the neutrophil/monocyte and mast cell/basophil/eosinophil lineages as previously shown in mouse. Moreover, we find that neutrophil/monocyte potential selectively cosegregates with lymphoid lineage and mast cell/basophil/eosinophil potentials with megakaryocyte/erythroid potential early during lineage commitment. Furthermore, after this initial commitment step, mast cell/basophil/eosinophil and megakaryocyte/erythroid potentials colocalize at the single-cell level in restricted oligopotent progenitors. These results show that human myeloid lineages are generated through two distinct cellular pathways defined by complementary oligopotent cell populations.

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He, Zhisong, Ashley Maynard, Akanksha Jain, Tobias Gerber, Rebecca Petri, Hsiu-Chuan Lin, Malgorzata Santel et al. « Lineage recording in human cerebral organoids ». Nature Methods 19, n^o 1 (30 décembre 2021) : 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-021-01344-8.

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AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids provide models to study human organ development. Single-cell transcriptomics enable highly resolved descriptions of cell states within these systems; however, approaches are needed to directly measure lineage relationships. Here we establish iTracer, a lineage recorder that combines reporter barcodes with inducible CRISPR–Cas9 scarring and is compatible with single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. We apply iTracer to explore clonality and lineage dynamics during cerebral organoid development and identify a time window of fate restriction as well as variation in neurogenic dynamics between progenitor neuron families. We also establish long-term four-dimensional light-sheet microscopy for spatial lineage recording in cerebral organoids and confirm regional clonality in the developing neuroepithelium. We incorporate gene perturbation (iTracer-perturb) and assess the effect of mosaic TSC2 mutations on cerebral organoid development. Our data shed light on how lineages and fates are established during cerebral organoid formation. More broadly, our techniques can be adapted in any iPSC-derived culture system to dissect lineage alterations during normal or perturbed development.

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House, L. Caroline, Amer Hasan, Andi Asnayanti, Adnan A. K. Alrubaye, Jeff Pummill et Douglas Rhoads. « Phylogenomic Analyses of Three Distinct Lineages Uniting Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus urealyticus from Diverse Hosts ». Microorganisms 12, n^o 8 (29 juillet 2024) : 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081549.

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We sequenced and assembled genomes for 17 isolates of Staphylococcus cohnii isolated from osteomyelitis lesions in young broilers from two separate experiments where we induced lameness using a hybrid wire-litter flooring system. Whole genome comparisons using three different methods support a close relationship of genomes from both S. cohnii and Staphylococcus urealyticus. The data support three different lineages, which we designated as Lineage 1, Lineage 2, and Lineage 3, uniting these two species within an evolving complex. We present evidence for horizontal transfer between lineages of genomic regions from 50–440 kbp. The transfer of a 186 kbp region from Lineage 1 to Lineage 2 appears to have generated Lineage 3. Human-associated isolates appear to be limited to Lineages 2 and 3 but Lineage 2 appears to contain a higher number of human pathogenic isolates. The chicken isolates from our lameness trials included genomically diverse isolates from both Lineage 1 and 2, and isolates from both lineages were obtained from osteomyelitis lesions of individual birds. Our results expand the diversity of Staphylococci associated with osteomyelitis in poultry and suggest a high diversity in the microbiome of day-old chicks. Our data also support a reevaluation and unification of the taxonomic classifications of S. cohnii and S. urealyticus.

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Yoshizato, Tetsuichi, Christer Nilsson, Francesca Grasso, Kari Högstrand, Stefania Mazzi, Axel Winroth, Madeleine Lehander et al. « Stable Contribution of Lineage-Restricted Stem Cells to Steady-State Aged Human Hematopoiesis ». Blood 144, Supplement 1 (5 novembre 2024) : 27. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-204105.

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Background Multipotent self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the potential to replenish all mature blood cell lineages, playing a critical role in safeguarding life-long replenishment of millions of short-lived blood cells every second during steady-state hematopoiesis and in response to hematopoietic challenges. Our knowledge of the functional properties and roles of mammalian HSCs is largely based on studies in mice. Studies of steady-state replenishment of blood cell lineages by individual human HSC clones have been hampered by the large number of active HSCs in adult hematopoiesis. Moreover, while the dynamic contribution of HSC clones to different lineages can only be assessed by tracing the same individual HSC clones over time, steady-state contribution from individual HSCs has only been investigated at a single time point, both in mice and in humans. Results We assessed blood lineage contribution for 51 driver and 10 non-driver mutations in clonal hematopoiesis related genes, derived from 33 healthy aged volunteers (age 70-84) with normal blood parameters, with ≥2% and ≥1% mutant cell fractions (MCFs), respectively. Of these 61 clonal mutations, 3 showed involvement exclusively in the T cell lineage, and not in any other blood cell lineages or HSCs, which is consistent with reflecting long-lived T cells. Of the remaining 58 mutations, all but one could be traced back to HSCs. These 57 HSC clones were evaluated for multilineage contribution, including platelets (P), erythrocytes (E), myeloid cells (M), and B (B) and T (T) lymphocytes. In addition to the 22 HSCs replenishing all five lineages, we identified HSCs replenishing all lineages except T lymphocytes (n=30), and all three myeloid lineages (PEM) but no lymphoid cells (n=5). No further lineage restriction patterns were reproducibly observed. In addition to the HSCs displaying PEM- and PEMB-restricted lineage replenishment patterns, other HSC clones showed distinct PEM (and PEMB) lineage bias (contributions to all PEM lineages >5 times higher than both B and T lymphocytes). Collectively, PEMB-restricted/biased (n=26) or PEM-restricted/biased (n=12) HSC replenishment was more frequent than balanced PEMBT lineage replenishment (n=15). Clonal assessment in pro-B cells in the bone marrow revealed that the steady-state B cell contribution from individual HSC clones reflects ongoing B lymphopoiesis. The PEMBT pattern was almost exclusively observed in HSC clones with DNMT3A mutations. In contrast, PEMB- and PEM-restricted/biased HSC clones showed no significant bias for mutations in specific genes and included HSC clones marked by non-driver mutations, supporting that PEMB- and PEM-restriction/biases occur independently of the mutations. Analysis of 22 HSC clones through serially collected bone marrow samples from 11 healthy individuals up to 41 months after the first analysis revealed that the observed patterns of lineage replenishment were remarkably stable over time, whether representing balanced PEMBT, PEMB-restricted/biased, or PEM-restricted/biased HSCs. This stability was also observed upon transplantation into immune-deficient mice, suggesting that these patterns are HSC intrinsically programmed. Phylogenetic analysis using single colony whole-genome sequencing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells combined with lineage contribution patterns of the identified clades in 7 donors revealed novel insights into the hierarchical relationships of HSC clones with different lineage patterns, in that PEMBT HSC clones gave rise to PEMB clones which could give rise to PEM HSC clones, but not vice versa, establishing a unidirectional hierarchical relationship between increasingly lineage-restricted/biased HSC clones. Conclusions Utilizing somatically acquired mutations as natural barcodes, we revealed the existence of distinct human HSC clones with stable multilineage as well as myeloid-restricted and -biased contributions to steady-state human hematopoiesis. Whether replenishing hematopoiesis in a balanced multilineage or lineage-restricted manner, individual HSCs invariably showed a remarkably stable lineage contribution pattern and clonal size over years of observation. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that aging leads to myeloid-biased and even myeloid-restricted production from HSCs that originally replenished hematopoiesis in a fully multipotent manner.

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Baryshnikova, D. V., A. V. Mordyk et L. V. Puzyreva. « Human cytopenia variants at diverse HIV infection stages ». Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 12, n^o 1 (22 novembre 2021) : 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-hcv-1652.

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Over decades, HIV infection and its complications have been one of the most debated problems in the world. The human immunodeficiency virus not only weaken the immune system, but also disrupts normal hematopoiesis manifested as cytopenia (anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia). Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of cases of combined HIV infection and inhibited hematopoiesis was carried out according to hemogram data of patients admitted for treatment at the Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after D. Dalmatov, Omsk. The inclusion criteria were cytopenia during hospitalization detected in detailed blood test (by calculating hemoglobin level, counts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets). The age of the patients included in the study differed: from 20 to 29 years — 27 patients (24.6%), from 30 to 39 years — 69 patients (62.7%), from 40 to 49 years — 13 patients (11.8%), over 50 years old 1 patient (0.9%). All patients had suppression of at least one hematopoietic cell lineage. Anemia was considered as decreased hemoglobin level below than 130 g/l in men and 120 g/l in women. Erythrocytopenia was considered as decreased erythrocyte count below 4.76 × 1012/L. Leukopenia was defined as decreased total count of leukocytes below 4.0 × 109/L, while a decrease in the absolute count of neutrophils below 1000 cells/μL was considered as neutropenia. Thrombocytopenia was determined as decreased platelet count below 150 × 109/L. Results. All patients had suppression of at least one hematopoietic cell lineage. 6 patients with stage 2 had one-cell lineage cytopenias, 7 — two-cell lineages. While analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that in patients with stage 2 HIV, inhibition of erythroid and platelet cell lineage predominates, whereas thrombocytopenia reached grade IV. At stage 3 HIV, all 7 patients had inhibition of only one cell lineage. In this group, the inhibition of hematopoiesis had a lighter degree in all hematopoietic cell lineages. In 46 patients with stage 4, there were various oppression of one of the hematopoietic cell lineages, in 44 patients there were two-cell lineage cytopenias. For patients with a more advanced stage of HIV, a decrease in the number of all cellular elements of the blood in the hemogram is characteristic; these disorders are more severe and persistent.

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DOWD, SCOT E., et JASON B. WILLIAMS. « Comparison of Shiga-Like Toxin II Expression between Two Genetically Diverse Lineages of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ». Journal of Food Protection 71, n^o 8 (1 août 2008) : 1673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.8.1673.

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The existence of two separate lineages of Escherichia coli O157:H7 has previously been reported, and research indicates that one of these lineages (lineage I) might be more pathogenic toward human hosts. We postulated that the lineage more pathogenic expresses higher levels of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) than do the nonpathogenic lineage II. A comprehensive set of methodologies were used to investigate the difference in Stx2 protein and mRNA expression between the two lineages. An initial Stx2-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted, and lineage I overall demonstrated significantly more toxin proteins expressed (P < 0.01). Gene expression analyses all showed significantly higher stx2 gene expression in lineage I (P = 0.02). PCR mapping revealed a possible explanation for decreased amounts of stx2 transcripts in the potentially nonpathogenic lineage II isolates, suggesting that genomic changes have modified the toxin-encoding region of the phage. This study provides additional data to support the existence of two diverse lineages of E. coli O157:H7, one of which may have lower pathogenic potential in relation to human hosts. The PCR described also provides a possible screening tool for E. coli O157 populations to differentiate these lineages. This study provides useful information on the ecology of E. coli O157, with broad implications within the clinical, scientific, and livestock industries.

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Roberts, Angela, Kendra Nightingale, Greg Jeffers, Esther Fortes, Jose Marcelino Kongo et Martin Wiedmann. « Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes lineage III ». Microbiology 152, n^o 3 (1 mars 2006) : 685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28503-0.

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Listeria monocytogenes has been previously grouped into three evolutionary groups, termed lineages I, II and III. While lineages I and II are commonly isolated from various sources, lineage III isolates are rare and have several atypical and unique phenotypic characteristics. Relative to their prevalence in other sources, lineage III strains are overrepresented among isolates from food-production animals, and underrepresented among isolates from human clinical cases and foods. This work describes an extensive genotypic and phenotypic characterization of 46 lineage III isolates. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sigB and actA sequences showed that lineage III represents three distinct subgroups, which were termed IIIA, IIIB and IIIC. Each of these lineage III subgroups is characterized by differentiating genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Unlike typical L. monocytogenes, all subgroup IIIB and IIIC isolates lack the ability to ferment rhamnose. While all IIIC and most IIIB isolates carry the putative virulence gene lmaA, the majority of subgroup IIIA isolates lack this gene. All three lineage III subgroups contain isolates from human clinical cases as well as isolates that are cytopathogenic in a cell culture plaque assay, indicating that lineage III isolates have the potential to cause human disease. The identification of specific genotypic and phenotypic characteristics among the three lineage III subgroups suggests that these subgroups may occupy different ecological niches and, therefore, may be transmitted by different pathways.

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Liu, Liyun, Liyun Qin, Shuai Hao, Ruiting Lan, Baohong Xu, Yumei Guo, Ruiping Jiang et al. « Lineage, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Citrobacter spp ». Pathogens 9, n^o 3 (6 mars 2020) : 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030195.

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Citrobacter spp. are opportunistic human pathogens which can cause nosocomial infections, sporadic infections and outbreaks. In order to determine the genetic diversity, in vitro virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Citrobacter spp., 128 Citrobacter isolates obtained from human diarrheal patients, foods and environment were assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility testing and adhesion and cytotoxicity testing to HEp-2 cells. The 128 Citrobacter isolates were typed into 123 sequence types (STs) of which 101 were novel STs, and these STs were divided into five lineages. Lineages I and II contained C. freundii isolates; Lineage III contained all C. braakii isolates, while Lineage IV and V contained C. youngae isolates. Lineages II and V contained more adhesive and cytotoxic isolates than Lineages I, III, and IV. Fifty-one of the 128 isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR, ≥3) and mainly distributed in Lineages I, II, and III. The prevalence of quinolone resistance varied with Lineage III (C. braakii) having the highest proportion of resistant isolates (52.6%), followed by Lineage I (C. freundii) with 23.7%. Seven qnrB variants, including two new alleles (qnrB93 and qnrB94) were found with Lineage I being the main reservoir. In summary, highly cytotoxic MDR isolates from diarrheal patients may increase the risk of severe disease.

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Burgess, Darren J. « Human cell-lineage imbalances ». Nature Reviews Genetics 22, n^o 5 (30 mars 2021) : 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41576-021-00358-4.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Human lineage"

Menckeberg, Celia Lara. « Identifying lineage relationships in human T cell populations ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3211/.

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CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cell populations can be divided into subpopulations based on expression of surface markers CCR7 and CD45RA. The resulting populations are referred to as naive, central memory, effector memory and effector memory RA\(^+\) (EMRA). The aim of this study was to identify potential lineage relationships between these subpopulations for both CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cells through microarray analysis. The genes found to distinguish between these subpopulations include many molecules with known functions in T cell differentiation, including CCR7, CD45RA, granzymes, L-selectin and TNF receptors. Several genes from the tetraspanin family of proteins were found to be differentially expressed at mRNA and protein level; suggesting a possible role for these genes in CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cell activation, migration and lysosomal function. Other genes identified, such as LRRN3 and CXCR5 which were expressed highest on naive and CM T cells respectively, provide interesting gene targets to follow up on their function in these T cell populations. Microarray data was validated through Real Time PCR and suggests that both CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cells differentiate along a linear pathway of naive to central memory to effector memory. The transcriptional programmes responsible for these differentiation steps were distinct between CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cells, although additional elements were common to both subsets.

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Minton, Elizabeth Jane. « Infection of the monocytic cell lineage by human cytomegalovirus ». Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315286.

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Perrett, Rebecca Mary. « The human germ cell lineage : pluripotency, tumourigenesis and proliferation ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/66010/.

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Na, Erqian. « Lineage- and stage-specific gene expression in human hemopoietic cells ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0007/MQ28779.pdf.

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Murad, Nadia Yousif. « Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to the pancreatic lineage ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6102/.

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Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have great therapeutic potential for the treatment of degenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, cardiac failure and type I diabetes. This potential is based on the ability of hES cells in vitro to self-renew and also differentiate to cells of all three germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Type I diabetes is due to an autoimmune disease destroying the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas (β-cells) that regulate plasma glucose concentration. The pancreas develops from the endoderm lineage. 2. To find a cure for type I diabetes based on the use of hES, it is essential to understand the differentiation process of ES cells into the endodermal, β-cell lineage. The aim of this study was to investigate the generation of insulin-secreting cells using hES cells in vitro and to compare sue with those in the developing pancreas of the foetus.

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Rinaldi, Federica. « Connexin 43 influences lineage commitment of human neural progenitor cells ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556745.

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Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. This type of connection is an efficient way of cellular communications in many tissues including the central nervous system. Connexins are the proteins that constitute mammalian GJs, and Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most abundant isoform expressed in body cells. Cx43 has been detected within immature neural populations, but only in astrocytes in the adult brain and investigations have shown that Cx43 channel and adhesive properties largely influence neuronal differentiation of mouse neural progenitor (NP) cells. To date the role of Cx43 in neuronal differentiation remains unexplored in human systems, hence our study aimed to investigate the Cx43 participation in human NP differentiation. We largely detected Cx43 protein within the immature neural populations showing that protein expression occurred by fibroblast growth factor (FGF _2) stimulation through the ERKlj2 pathway; FGF _2 withdrawal induced NP differentiation and a progressive loss in Cx43 expression. Cx43's role in neuronal differentiation was explored by cloning lentiviral vectors (LV) coding for Cx43 or anti-Cx43 shRNA constructs and the protein knockdown resulted in an increase in neurons and a decrease in astrocytes, suggesting a role for Cx43 in human stem cell differentiation and neuronal fate. GJs mediate intercellular communications of several mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines; in our investigation we also showed the presence of functional GJ channels in human ES cells, as well as Cx43 protein expression. Manipulation of ES cells was attempted using LVs and results indicated that the CMV promoter in ES cells is largely inactive. In summary I demonstrated the active role of Cx43 in mechanisms that govern neurogenesis and differentiation of neural progenitor cells, furthermore we highlighted the importance of the internal promoter in LV constructs for genetic manipulation of embryonic ES cells.

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Gsour, Amna. « Differentiation of human cell line towards a pancreatic endocrine lineage ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/differentiation-of-human-cell-line-towards-a-pancreatic-endocrine-lineage(0c2c21fe-724d-449f-804c-02741c89828c).html.

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Islet transplantations have been successful in restoring glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes; however, the limited number of donor organs limits the success of this treatment. The lineage reprograming of different cell sources to beta cells potentially provides an unlimited supply of insulin-producing cells for regenerative therapy for patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability to transdifferentiate two cell lines into an endocrine lineage. Insulin production in pancreatic beta cells can be increased using a small molecule, 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole, N-cyclopropyl-t-(thiophen-2-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide (isoxazole) but its effect on other cell types has not been reported. Here, we investigated the lineage reprogramming of PANC-1 pancreatic ductal cells to insulin producing cells by isoxazole treatment. Gene expression was performed using RT-PCR and qPCR for approximately 30 genes critical to beta cell development and function. In addition, quantitative proteomic profiling was performed using LC-MS by monitoring protein abundance in isoxazole-treated PANC-1 cells compared to time-matched controls. Isoxazole treatment stimulated PANC-1 cells to aggregate into islet-like clusters and gene expression analysis revealed induction of important developmental beta cell markers including NGN3, NEUROD1 and INSULIN. In addition, beta cell surface markers were also upregulated such as CD200, GPR50, TROP-2, GLUT2 and SLC30A8. Using LC-MS a catalogue of approximately 2400 identified proteins was generated; 257 proteins were differentially expressed in isoxazole-treated cells compared to DMSO-vehicle controls at p < 0.05. Amongst the proteins upregulated were molecules that regulate metabolic processes and cytoskeletal reorganisation. The expression of the majority of these proteins has not been previously reported or studied in the context of beta cell differentiation. Functional analysis of the relative protein changes was determined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, IPA, and gene ontology, GO, software, which revealed the regulation of several cellular canonical pathways including metabolic pathways, cell adhesion, remodelling of epithelial adherens junctions and actin cytoskeleton signalling. The effects of isoxazole were further studied in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Similar effects were observed, such as the induction of pro-endocrine markers NGN3 and NEUROD1 and endocrine-specific hormones INS and GCG. These results indicate that isoxazole has the capacity to transdifferentiate pancreatic and non-pancreatic cell origins into an endocrine lineage. This study reveals the powerful induction capacity of isoxazole in inducing cellular reprogramming events.

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Almuraikhi, Nihal. « Direct differentiation of human iPS cells towards the erythroid lineage ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45641.

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Pluripotent stem cells including induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells are known for their distinctive property of indefinite self-renewal in an undifferentiated status, with the potential to differentiate into all types of cells. Current protocols used in the differentiation of human iPS cells and human ES cells towards erythropoiesis utilize two main approaches: (1) embryoid body (EB) formation, which influences heterogeneity of the produced population, and/or (2) co-culture with mouse stromal cells, where obstacles of purification of the cells rise, which makes the xeno-free culture requirement difficult to achieve, in addition to the cytokine supplements. Moreover, these protocols reported low efficiency in number and functionality, especially with human iPS cells, and required long culture times. One of the major challenges in erythroid cell production from human ES/iPS cells is achieving full maturation and enucleation of erythroid cells in serum-free and feeder-free condition, in order to ensure a completely xeno-free culture condition suitable for clinical applications. In this study, we have designed a novel protocol for direct differentiation of human iPS cells towards erythroid cells under serum-free conditions bypassing the EB formation step without requiring co-culture. Our protocol involves three steps: (1) hematopoietic/erythropoietic induction, followed by (2) erythroid differentiation, and finally, (3) erythroid maturation and enucleation. Differentiated cells were separated into normoxia and hypoxia conditions. As early as day 7 of culture, an early hematopoietic marker, CD34, was observed, followed by a high expression of CD45, which is a pan leukocyte marker in parallel to less expression of an early erythroid marker, CD71. Over the culture period, an increase in the expression of the late erythroid marker, CD235a, was monitored, which reached high levels by the end of the 28-day culture protocol. Further studies on functional and morphological analysis using CFU assay showed that the cell population on day 14 were able to form erythroid progenitor colonies, i.e. BFUEs. Immunocytochemical staining showed the presence of heme-containing proteins, which was later confirmed by globin expressions by qPCR. Interestingly, staining with new methylene blue confirmed reticulocyte morphology, which indicated that partial maturation was achieved. Hypoxia condition is a key regulator for erythropoiesis and haemoglobin formation, as indicated by the BFU-Es formed under hypoxic conditions, together with formation of adult-type haemoglobin, as shown in qPCR. Further studies on maturation of those cells are required in order to achieve fully mature and functional erythroid cells phenotype. This thesis thus presents a direct differentiation protocol toward erythroid cells using human iPS cells in serum-free and feeder-free system, bypassing EB-stage and resulting on high efficiency of erythroid cells formation within 4 weeks of culture, which include partial maturation and formation of adult-type haemoglobin.

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Nickel, Gabrielle Celeste. « Positive Selection in Transcription Factor Genes Along the Human Lineage ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1220370670.

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Diaz-Araya, Claudia M. (Claudia Marcela). « Microglia and leucocyte lineage cells of the developing human eye ». Thesis, Faculty of Medicine, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12650.

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Livres sur le sujet "Human lineage"

H, Smith Fred, dir. The human lineage. Hoboken, N.J : Wiley, 2009.

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Burson, Nancy. Lineage : What if the Universe gave you a gift ? New York : TYVM, 2009.

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Na, Erqian. Lineage- and stage-specific gene expression in human hemopoietic cells. Ottawa : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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Schreiber, Michael Thomas. Determinants of Human Rhinovirus Cellular Tropism in Monocyte-Lineage Cells. [New York, N.Y.?] : [publisher not identified], 2016.

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Sha, Jin, et SpringerLink (Online service), dir. Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells : Lineage-Specific Differentiation Protocols. Totowa, NJ : Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012.

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Gutowski, Nicholas Jan. Cellular and molecular studies related to a cell line of the oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte lineage derived from a human glioblastoma multiforme. Birmingham : University of Birmingham, 1995.

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Jacques, Bélair, dir. Dynamical disease : Mathematical analysis of human illness. Woodbury, N.Y : AIP Press, 1995.

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Grout, Gerry. Linear images of the living figure. Phoenix, Ariz : Thunderbird Art Press, 1994.

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Bermúdez, José. Para leer entre lineas : 160 dibujos de José Bermúdez. Mendoza, Argentina : Zeta Editores, 1997.

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Chu, Baoguo. Linear and angular vistibulo-ocular reflex interactions in humans. Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Human lineage"

Hillert, Dieter. « The Human Lineage ». Dans The Nature of Language, 3–14. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0609-3_1.

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Ayala, Francisco José, Miguel Ángel Capó, Camilo José Cela-Conde et Marcos Nadal. « Genetics and the human lineage ». Dans The Influence of Genetics on Contemporary Thinking, 3–23. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5664-2_1.

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Rohrschneider, L. R. « Molecular Mechanisms in Myeloid Lineage Development ». Dans Modern Trends in Human Leukemia IX, 115–20. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76829-3_22.

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Knuutila, Sakari. « Direct Demonstration of Lineage Specificity in Hematologic Neoplasms ». Dans Human Cytogenetic Cancer Markers, 95–109. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3952-9_5.

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Gerecht-Nir, Sharon, et Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor. « Vascular Lineage Differentiation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells ». Dans Human Embryonic Stem Cells, 201–17. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-423-8_11.

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Boehm, T. L. J. « DNA Analysis as a Tool for Determination of Clonality and Lineage in Acute Leukaemias ». Dans Human Malignancies, 3–10. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73642-1_1.

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Gentile, Eugenio, Ashley Maynard, Zhisong He et Barbara Treutlein. « Lineage Recording in Human Brain Organoids with iTracer ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 85–101. New York, NY : Springer US, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4310-5_5.

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Pathmanandavel, Karrnan, Stuart G. Tangye et Cindy S. Ma. « Flow Cytometric Identification of Human IgE+ B Lineage Subsets ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 189–99. New York, NY : Springer US, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3950-4_14.

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Edvardsson, Louise, et Tor Olofsson. « Real-Time PCR Analysis for Blood Cell Lineage Specific Markers ». Dans DNA and RNA Profiling in Human Blood, 313–22. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-553-4_21.

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Toh, Wei Seong, Zheng Yang, Boon Chin Heng et Tong Cao. « Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward the Chondrogenic Lineage ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 333–49. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-536-7_23.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Human lineage"

Atanasković, Aleksandar, Nataša Maleš Ilić, Aleksandra Dorić et Predrag Eferica. « Human Heartbeat Detection by Doppler Radar and Non Linear Tag ». Dans 2024 11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering (IcETRAN), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetran62308.2024.10645104.

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Oh, Ji Won. « Human Lineage Tracing Tools for the Early Human Embryogenesis Using Somatic Mosaicism ». Dans Вычислительная биология и искусственный интеллект для персонализированной медицины. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cbai-2022-99.

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Han, Claudia Z., Sascha H. Duttke, Zhengyu Ouyang, Sebastian Preissl, Johannes C. M. Schlachetzki, Alexander Nott, Conor Fitzpatrick et al. « Abstract A078 : Dissecting the myeloid lineage in human gliomas ». Dans Abstracts : Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference : Translating Science into Survival ; September 30 - October 3, 2018 ; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a078.

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Nishio, Naomi, Sachiko Ito, Yuriko Tanaka et Ken-ichi Isobe. « Establishment of neutrophil-lineage stem cells from C57BL/6 mice ». Dans 2012 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2012.6492412.

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Wallman, D. J., A. B. Alber, I. Kinstlinger, D. N. Kotton et F. J. Hawkins. « A Multi-Lineage Airway Culture System Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a4691.

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Chen, Zhi, et Hongbin Dong. « The Effects of Documents Lineage on Use of Explanation in Document-Driven DSS ». Dans 2010 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ihmsc.2010.67.

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Jagadish, Nirmala, Manjunath Kustagi, Geetu Mendiratta, Ritu Kushwaha, Mukesh Bansal, Kim R. Hyunjae, Pavel Sumazin et al. « Abstract 3410 : Regulation of pluripotency and lineage differentiation in human male germ cell tumors ». Dans Proceedings : AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011 ; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3410.

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Haberl, Armin, Christine Dagmar Malin et Stefan Thalmann. « A Framework to Identify Data Governance Requirements in Open Data Ecosystems ». Dans Digital Restructuring and Human (Re)action. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2022.22.

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Open data and open data ecosystems (ODEs) are important for stakeholders from science, businesses, and the broader society. However, concerns about data sharing and data handling are significant adoption barriers of ODEs that reduce stakeholder participation and thus the success of the initiative. Data governance (DG) is proposed as solution, but requirements of the three stakeholder groups combined are not clear and especially how they can be integrated in one DG concept. This paper develops a framework, supporting elicitation of DG requirements in ODEs. The framework builds on a series of stakeholder workshops and literature research resulting in DG requirements and DG mechanisms. The resulting framework includes five main dimensions: (1) data usability, (2) ethical and legal compliance, (3) data lineage, (4) data access and specified data use, and (5) organizational design.

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Didon, Lukas, Ion Wa Chao, Jasen P. Murray, David T. Dang, Rachel K. Zwick, Neil R. Hackett et Ronald G. Crystal. « Basal Cell Differentiation Toward The Foxj1-induced Ciliated Cell Lineage In The Human Airway Epithelium ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3753.

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Bhattacharya, S., Y. Ren, S. Danopoulos, G. Deutsch, I. Glass, D. Al Alam et T. J. Mariani. « Spatial Transcriptomics of Developing Human Lungs Defines Cellular Phenotypes Associated With Age, Lineage, and Location ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference, May 17-22, 2024 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_meetingabstracts.a4892.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Human lineage"

Hart, Roland J., et Stephen C. Bradshaw. Interactivity Theory : Analyzing Human Environments Using Linear Prediction Filters. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada172066.

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Basu, Saikat, Malcolm Stagg, Robert DiBiano, Manohar Karki et Supratik Mukhopadhyay. Human Action Recognition in Surveillance Videos using Abductive Reasoning on Linear Temporal Logic. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada586486.

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Emiliano, Diaz, et Jaspreet Singh. From linear insights to systemic solutions : the future of behavioral science. Busara, décembre 2024. https://doi.org/10.62372/cesi7494.

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Behavioral Science has traditionally focused on understanding and influencing human behavior by identifying factors driving specific and directly related decisions. This linear approach, simplifies complex scenarios into isolated variables, and has provided the foundational insights for developing targeted interventions. While this perspective has proven effective in many cases, it may only sometimes fully capture the broader context in which behaviors occur, as a linear understanding alone is insufficient to grasp the complexities of human behavior fully. It misses important considerations like ripple effects and second-order effects. This is where systems thinking emerges as a valuable complement to applied behavioral science. By shifting from a singular, cause-and-effect perspective to a multi-layered, multidimensional approach, systems thinking allows us to see behavior not as an isolated event but as part of a broader system influenced by many interconnected factors that interact in dynamic and often unpredictable ways.

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Dodd, Norris, Melissa Butynski, Rob Ament, Shu Chen, Nilanga Jayasinghe, Jia Cherng Lim, Salman Saaban et al. Handbook to Mitigate the Impacts of Roads and Railways on Asian Elephants. Asian Elephant Transport Working Group, mars 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53847/pznc3560.

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The Handbook to Mitigate the Impacts of Roads and Railways on Asian Elephants aims to provide Asian elephant-specific mitigation measures to address the negative impacts of Linear Transport Infrastructure (LTI) and to provide transportation planners and engineers in the 13 range states the necessary skills and knowledge to design and build elephant-friendly infrastructure. The Handbook outlines the best practices for designing LTI for Asian elephant populations and describes effective measures that mitigate human-elephant interactions. It will serve as an authoritative toolbox for design solutions.

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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.

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Mosqueira, Edgardo, et Martín Alessandro. Capacidades estatales y problemas complejos de políticas públicas : cómo abordar vulnerabilidades que afectan el desarrollo humano. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, août 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005052.

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Existe un desajuste creciente entre el tipo de problemas públicos que los gobiernos deben enfrentar y las capacidades de las administraciones públicas que diseñan e implementan políticas para abordarlos. Los procesos administrativos tradicionales, la división del trabajo en ministerios y organismos con competencias claramente delimitadas, e incluso las herramientas de gestión por resultados (como los marcos lógicos o las metodologías de gestión de proyectos) son útiles ante problemas con relaciones causa-efecto relativamente lineales y predecibles, en cuyo caso el éxito depende de la ejecución fidedigna de un plan definido de antemano. En contraposición, cuando se trata de problemas complejos (o wicked problems), hay múltiples factores y actores que inciden de manera cambiante, y que a menudo pujan en sentidos contrarios y generan impactos en diferentes sectores; por lo tanto, resulta difícil tanto alinear los incentivos como prever los efectos de las intervenciones. Dichos sistemas complejos requieren otro tipo de enfoques, que promuevan la colaboración entre actores diversos, la experimentación y el aprendizaje para entender “qué funciona”, y la capacidad para introducir ajustes rápidos a las intervenciones. Este informe ilustra las características de los problemas complejos con dos desafíos cruciales para el desarrollo de los países de América Latina y el Caribe: la desigualdad y el cambio climático. Para cada uno, se propone un menú de reformas institucionales y gerenciales que permitirían ampliar las capacidades de intervención de los gobiernos de la región y se analizan los contextos más pertinentes para cada opción.

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Opala-Berdzik, Agnieszka, Magdalena Rudek-Zeprzałka, Justyna Niesporek, Maciej Cebula, Jan Baron, Katarzyna Gruszczyńska, Augusto Gil Pascoal, Patrícia Mota et Daria Chmielewska. Technical aspects of the inter-recti distance measurement with ultrasonographic imaging for physiotherapy purposes : A protocol for a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0116.

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Review question / Objective: The scoping review aims to identify publications describing the measurement of inter-recti distance (IRD)/diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) using ultrasonographic imaging (USI). The identification is based on the population/concept/context (PCC) framework that concerns human adults that underwent IRD/linea alba width/DRA measurement with USI for physiotherapy/physical exercise purposes. Based on systematically mapped peer-reviewed studies it is aimed to perform data extraction and synthesis of specific aspects of the IRD measurement procedure and discuss their similarities and differences. Related to that the attempt will be made to formulate recommendations on the IRD measurement procedure, which might be considered in future physiotherapy studies and practice. The recommendations will be made based on the synthesis of the results in light of existing literature and as the result of discussions and consensus between the authors (coming from three research centers).

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Ratmanski, Kiril, et Sergey Vecherin. Resilience in distributed sensor networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45680.

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With the advent of cheap and available sensors, there is a need for intelligent sensor selection and placement for various purposes. While previous research was focused on the most efficient sensor networks, we present a new mathematical framework for efficient and resilient sensor network installation. Specifically, in this work we formulate and solve a sensor selection and placement problem when network resilience is also a factor in the optimization problem. Our approach is based on the binary linear programming problem. The generic formulation is probabilistic and applicable to any sensor types, line-of-site and non-line-of-site, and any sensor modality. It also incorporates several realistic constraints including finite sensor supply, cost, energy consumption, as well as specified redundancy in coverage areas that require resilience. While the exact solution is computationally prohibitive, we present a fast algorithm that produces a near-optimal solution that can be used in practice. We show how such formulation works on 2D examples, applied to infrared (IR) sensor networks designed to detect and track human presence and movements in a specified coverage area. Analysis of coverage and comparison of sensor placement with and without resilience considerations is also performed.

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Perk, Shimon, Maricarmen Garcia, Alexander Panshin, Caroline Banet-Noach, Irina Gissin, Mark W. Jackwood et David Stallknecht. Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 : Characterization and Control Strategies. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7709882.bard.

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Control of Avian Influenza (AI) infection is a highly topical subject of major economicimportance for the worldwide poultry industry at the national level and for international trade.H9N2 viruses are endemic in poultry throughout Asia and the Middle East, causing major losses inproduction. Moreover, these viruses pose wider threats since they have been isolated from bothswine and humans. At the same time, study of the AI viruses affords an opportunity to explore anumber of problems of intriguing scientific interest. The overall goal of this project was to developa sound control strategy for avian influenza subtype H9N2 viruses (AI H9N2) in commercialpoultry in Israel. The one-year feasibility study focused on two main goals, namely: to study themolecular characteristics of AI H9N2 circulating during the last seven years in Israel and todevelop tools enabling differentiation between the immune response to vaccination and infectionwith H9N2.Genetic and phylogenetic characterization of 29 selected AI H9N2 isolates (2000-2006)was performed by complete sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and all sixinternal genes [nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), polymerase basic 2 (PB2),polymerase acid (PA), matrix (M), and nonstructural (NS) genes]; comparative phylogenetic andgenetic analyses of these sequences; and comparative genetic analyses of deduced amino acidsequences of the HA, NA, NS1, and NS2 proteins. The major conclusions of the molecularanalyses were: (1) Israeli isolates, together with other H9N2 viruses isolated in Middle Eastcountries, comprise a single regional sublineage related to the G1-lineage. In addition, Israeliisolates subdivided into three different subgroups. Genetic analysis of these viruses suggests thatthey underwent divergent evolution paths.

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bell, Matthew, Marcel P. Huijser et David Kack. Exploring Apex Predator Effects on Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions : A Case Study on Wolf Reintroductions in Yellowstone. Western Transportation Institute, septembre 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1727735675.

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This study investigates the impact of wolf reintroduction on wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) along a segment of US-191 bordering Yellowstone National Park. Wolves were reintroduced in 1995–1996, and subsequent wolf pack establishment may have influenced the behavior and population dynamics of prey species, potentially altering WVC patterns. Using carcass data collected from 1989 to 2021, the analysis was divided into two primary phases: before wolves (1989–1996) and after wolves (1997–2021). A series of linear mixed-effects models were developed to assess changes in WVCs across these time periods. Predictor variables included average annual daily traffic (AADT), elk population estimates, and wolf counts. Results showed that WVCs significantly declined in the post-wolf period, suggesting that the presence of wolves may reduce WVCs directly by modifying prey behavior and movement patterns, or indirectly by reducing prey population densities. Further analysis revealed that while elk populations were a significant predictor of WVCs before wolves were reintroduced, this relationship weakened post-reintroduction. Traffic volume did not significantly influence WVC patterns in either period, nor did it interact significantly with wolf presence. The inclusion of wolf counts as a continuous variable showed a negative relationship with WVCs, indicating that higher wolf densities may contribute to a further reduction in collisions over time. These findings suggest that apex predators can play a role in mitigating human-wildlife conflicts, such as WVCs, by influencing prey species’ behavior and distribution. The study provides valuable insights for wildlife managers and transportation planners, highlighting the potential benefits of predator conservation for road safety and ecosystem health.

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