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1
Harloe, Michael. « Housing policy and rented housing in Europe ». Cities 14, no 3 (juin 1997) : 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-2751(97)88656-8.
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Yates, Judith. « Housing policy and rented housing in Europe ». Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 11, no 4 (décembre 1996) : 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02497497.
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Aidukaitė, Jolanta. « Būsto politika skirtinguose gerovės modeliuose ». Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 33, no 2 (1 janvier 2013) : 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/socmintvei.2013.2.3799.
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Santrauka. Straipsnis siekia ištirti būsto politiką skirtinguose gerovės valstybės modeliuose, įtraukiant į būsto modelių klasifikaciją ir naująsias Europos Sąjungos šalis iš Vidurio ir Rytų Europos. Gilesnei analizei pasirenkamos šešios šalys, geriausiai atstovaujančios idealius gerovės valstybės modelius: Švedija – socialdemokratinį, Vokietija – konservatyvųjį-korporatyvinį, Jungtinė Karalystė – liberalųjį, Ispanija – Pietų Europos, Čekija ir Estija – pokomunistinį. Analizė atskleidė, kad nepaisant panašių tendencijų būsto liberalizavimo link, šalys iki šiol išlaiko tik joms būdingus bruožus, o konceptualūs būsto politikos modeliai, atitinkantys gerovės valstybės modelius, iki šiol atspindi realias juos atstovaujančių šalių būsto politikos sistemas.
Pagrindiniai žodžiai: būsto politika, gerovės valstybė, būsto politikos modeliai, dekomodifikacija, Vidurio ir Rytų Europa
Key words: housing policy, welfare state, housing policy models, de-commodification, Central and Eastern Europe.
ABSTRACT
HOUSING POLICY IN DIFFERENCE WELFARE STATE REGIMES
This article seeks to explore housing policy in different welfare state regimes. It incorporates into the analysis of housing policy and welfare state regimes some new EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe. Six countries are chosen, which represent most the ideal typical models of the welfare state, for deeper analysis: Sweden - social-democratic, Germany - conservative-corporatist, the United Kingdom - liberal, Spain – Southern European, the Czech Republic and Estonia - post-communist. The findings of this paper show that, despite similar trends towards the liberalization in the housing policy field, the countries analysed in this study still hold their own specific features, which coincide with the main features of the conceptual models of the housing policy and welfare state regimes. The post-communist housing policy model holds the following characteristics: the private ownership dominates the housing tenure; the market regulates the housing sector, state’s regulation is negligible; construction is carried by the large private companies; outdated and worn-out housing estates, built during the period of socialism, require complete renovation or demolition.
Pastaba. Straipsnis parengtas pagal Lietuvos mokslo tarybos finansuojamą projektą Būsto politika Lietuvoje: raida, problemos ir pilietinės iniciatyvos. Projekto numeris LMT SIN-18/2012.
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Silver, Hilary, et Lauren Danielowski. « Fighting Housing Discrimination in Europe ». Housing Policy Debate 29, no 5 (14 février 2019) : 714–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2018.1524443.
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Lujanen, Martti. « How useful are housing indicators as a tool for housing policy in Europe ? » Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 8, no 1 (mars 1993) : 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02503150.
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Navas-Carrillo, Daniel, Javier Ostos-Prieto et Juan-Andrés Rodríguez-Lora. « Housing policy in Spain between 1939 and 1976 ». HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades 18, no 2 (3 mars 2023) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v18.4869.
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The research focuses on the study of public housing built in response to the urgent housing needs in Europe throughout the 20th century. These developments share many of the characteristics of their European counterparts. The Spanish case presents certain peculiarities in its development. The research aims to analyse the context -social, economic and political- that conditioned the massive construction of housing in Spain between 1939 and 1976. An analysis is made of the approved urban planning legislation, housing regulation and the identification of the responsible bodies.
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Makszin, Kristin, et Dorothee Bohle. « Housing as a Fertility Trap : The Inability of States, Markets, or Families to Provide Adequate Housing in East Central Europe ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 34, no 4 (12 mai 2020) : 937–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325419897748.
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This article belongs to the special cluster, “Politics and Current Demographic Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe,” guest-edited by Tsveta Petrova and Tomasz Inglot. We explore housing finance and policy in East Central Europe to understand the connection between housing, in particular independent household formation, and the demographic crisis. The combination of high debt-free homeownership rates with illiquid housing finance and limited rental markets produces conditions where housing restricts independent household formation and likely has a restrictive effect on fertility. We first assess the housing regime type in East Central Europe and demonstrate that it closely corresponds to the “difficult housing regime” in Southern Europe, which has well-established negative effects on independent household formation and fertility. Then we present a detailed case study of Hungary, which is a country with very low fertility rates and substantial changes in housing finance and policy over time. In particular, the issue was recently politicized through housing policies centered on household formation to counter the demographic crisis. We present a detailed analysis of policies related to access to housing for young adults through increased access to markets or state housing support schemes. These policies attempted to reduce dependence on families, but after the crisis, we find that these policies reinforce, rather than challenge, dependence on families for housing solutions, thereby limiting independent household formation. While these policies may serve a rhetorical role demonstrating a state response to the demographic crisis, we claim that their impact on fertility can be at most minimal because of stringent restrictions in access that concentrates on upper-middle-income households and limited financial commitment.
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Clair, Amy, Aaron Reeves, Martin McKee et David Stuckler. « Constructing a housing precariousness measure for Europe ». Journal of European Social Policy 29, no 1 (31 mai 2018) : 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928718768334.
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There are concerns that the recovery from the Great Recession in Europe has left growing numbers of people facing precarious housing situations. Yet, to our knowledge, there is no comparative measure of housing precariousness in contrast to an extensive body of work on labour market precariousness. Here, we draw on a comparative survey of 31 European countries from the 2012 wave of European Union Survey of Income and Living Conditions to develop a novel housing precariousness measure. We integrate four dimensions of housing precariousness: security, affordability, quality and access to services, into a scale ranging from 0 (not at all precarious) to 4 (most precarious). Over half of the European population report at least one element of housing precariousness; 14.7 percent report two dimensions and 2.8 percent three or more (equivalent to ~15 million people). Eastern European and small island nations have relatively greater precariousness scores. Worse precariousness tends to be more severe among the young, unemployed, single and those with low educational attainment or who live in rented homes and is associated with poor self-reported health. Future research is needed to strengthen surveillance of housing precariousness as well as to understand what policies and programmes can help alleviate it.
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Fricke, Carola. « Cross-fertilizing knowledge, translation, and topologies : learning from urban housing policies for policy mobility studies ». Geographica Helvetica 77, no 3 (27 septembre 2022) : 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-77-405-2022.
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Abstract. Recently, urban housing policies in Europe have become more mobile, developing local responses to the housing question by building on examples from other cities. To understand the movement of policies, the policy mobility debate suggests sometimes irreconcilable concepts and we still need concepts that address the spatial dimension of how urban housing policies travel between places. The article reflects on the extent to which selected concepts – policy knowledge, translation, and topologies – allow an explicit treatment of movement and materiality in a geographical understanding of housing policy mobilities. To cross-fertilize these concepts, the article revisits how key definitions relate to each other, and assesses the extent to which these concepts allow to understand the mobilization and localization of urban housing policies in particular contexts. Overall, the article offers a nuanced conceptualization of interurban movements and the spatial–material dimension of housing policies, and thereby enhances future empirical studies on urban housing policy.
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Szelenyi, Ivan. « Housing policy in the emergent socialist mixed economy of Eastern Europe ». Housing Studies 4, no 3 (juillet 1989) : 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673038908720657.
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FABIAN, KATALIN. « Privatization in Central Europe : The Case of Housing Policy in Hungary ». Governance 8, no 2 (avril 1995) : 218–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00207.x.
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Kemp, Peter A. « A Review of “Rental housing policy in Europe” By Christian Donner ». International Journal of Housing Policy 14, no 1 (2 janvier 2014) : 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616718.2013.876577.
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Đorđević, Snežana. « Gated communities in Europe : Fashionability or a social challenge ? » Socioloski pregled 56, no 3 (2022) : 978–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg56-38850.
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This paper deals with the poorly researched concept of fenced settlements (housing policy), which was developed in the USA in the middle of the 20th century, but has recently been particularly affirmed in NEO-liberal society, all over the world. Walled settlements also exist in social-democratic Europe, and the article studies the consequences of applying this concept, i.e. the influence of fenced settlements on the democratic spirit of the city and the democratic and development potential of the city, on the example of cities in Europe (France, Britain and Ireland) with lessons learned. Gated settlements have a number of negative effects on the community. For the needs of fenced communities, authorities often privatize roads, public spaces, and access to remaining public areas, to the detriment of the majority of residents, for whom entire complexes in the city remain inaccessible. This creates numerous social and spatial injustices, which actively undermines the democratic capacity of the city. These processes are in conflict with the democratic concept of the open city and the model of mixed housing, cultivated during the welfare state. The article relies on the analyses of existing research and studies of fenced settlements in the world through indicative examples and case studies (content analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison). Statistical methods, analysis of regulatory changes, interviews and surveys of tenants, development managers, politicians and officials were often used in these studies. The comparative method in this paper compares the similarities and differences of fenced settlements in various countries, which is the basis for conclusions and recommendations for optimal housing policy and urban development (synthesis). The article introduces this challenging topic into the debate space of political and social sciences (field of urban studies), presents the existing consequences, and through comparison allows us to synthetically arrive at recommendations for choosing the optimal housing policy (learning from experience).
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Ansell, Ben, et Asli Cansunar. « The political consequences of housing (un)affordability ». Journal of European Social Policy 31, no 5 (décembre 2021) : 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09589287211056171.
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The enormous growth in house prices in Europe since the 1990s has led to increasing concerns about the affordability of housing for ordinary citizens. This article explores the relationship between housing affordability – house prices relative to incomes – and the demand for redistributive and housing policy, using data drawn from European and British social surveys and an analysis of British elections. It shows that, as unaffordability rises, citizens appear in aggregate to become less supportive of redistribution, interventionist housing policy and left-wing parties. However, this aggregate rise, driven by the predominance of homeowners in most European countries, masks a growing polarization in preferences between renters and owners in less affordable regions.
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Marí-Dell’Olmo, Marc, Ana M. Novoa, Lluís Camprubí, Andrés Peralta, Hugo Vásquez-Vera, Jordi Bosch, Jordi Amat et al. « Housing Policies and Health Inequalities ». International Journal of Health Services 47, no 2 (28 décembre 2016) : 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731416684292.
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A large body of literature shows the link between inadequate housing conditions and poor physical and mental health. The aim of this paper is to summarize the research on the impact of local housing policies on health inequalities, focusing on the issues of access to housing and fuel poverty as studied in the SOPHIE project. Our case studies in Spain showed that people facing housing insecurity, experienced intense levels of mental distress. We found that access to secure and adequate housing can improve the health of these populations, therefore, public policies that address housing instability and their consequences are urgently needed. Housing conditions related to fuel poverty are associated with poorer health and are unevenly distributed across Europe. We found possible positive effects of façade insulation interventions on cold-related mortality in women living in social housing; but not in men. Policies on housing energy efficiency can reduce the health consequences of fuel poverty, but need to be free to users, target the most vulnerable groups and be adaptable to their needs.
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Xerez, Romana. « Book Review : Housing and Welfare in Southern Europe ». Journal of European Social Policy 16, no 1 (février 2006) : 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095892870601600111.
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Aduwo, Egidario Bridgette, Eghonghon Anne Ejale et Eziyi Offia Ibem. « Contemporary Shelter in the Built Environment : A Comparative Review of Social Housing Schemes in Selected European and African Nations ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1054, no 1 (1 septembre 2022) : 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1054/1/012027.
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Abstract Social Housing remains highly essential in providing affordable shelter in urban and peri-urban settlements. However, pressures from liberalisation, public expenditures, and privatisation continue to threaten its availability. This paper reviews contemporary social housing trends and compares Europe’s established social housing scheme to Africa’s emerging schemes. This was achieved by identifying the similarities between social housing in the UK and the Netherlands and social Housing in Nigeria and South Africa and identifying the differences between them. Relevant literature was reviewed to give a detailed but straightforward account of the Netherlands, UK, South Africa, and Nigeria based on allocation policy, target occupants, ownership scheme, mode of finance, and the challenges faced. The studies conclude that there are more similarities between social Housing in Europe and Africa than differences. However, the most fundamental difference is the type of challenges they face. The challenges observed in Europe’s social housing schemes are social problems such as segregation and bad public image. In contrast, Africa’s social housing challenges are socio-economical in terms of lack of funds, poor planning, and implementation of policies. The outcome from this study is targeted at promoting the implementation of sustainable social housing schemes at the policy level.
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Kemp, Peter A. « McCrone, Gavin and Stephens, Mark, "Housing Policy in Britain and Europe" (Book Review) ». Town Planning Review 68, no 1 (janvier 1997) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.68.1.5241227r35011114.
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Pichler-Milanovich, Natasha. « URBAN HOUSING MARKETS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE : CONVERGENCE, DIVERGENCE OR POLICY 'COLLAPSE' ». European Journal of Housing Policy 1, no 2 (janvier 2001) : 145–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616710110083416.
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Milligan, Vivienne. « A Review of “Housing Policy Reforms in Post-Socialist Europe : Lost in Transition” ». International Journal of Housing Policy 10, no 4 (9 décembre 2010) : 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616718.2010.525052.
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Bumelytė, Junona, Birutė Galinienė et Ramūnas Markauskas. « ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS IN HOUSING ». Ekonomika 90, no 2 (1 janvier 2011) : 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2011.0.948.
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Housing is at the core of the European Union’s prosperity as it is important to achieve energy saving targets and to combat climate change whilst contributing to energy saving and security. During the programming period 2007–2013, the European Union Cohesion Policy has started playinga new and important role in the process of supporting investments into energy efficiency measures in the housing sector. The increasing need for effective renovation of housing stock, which was constructed in the period when energy resources were cheap, is most notable in Central and Eastern Europe. The use of the European Union fund for the renovation of housing stock in Lithuania servers as a basis for assessing the impact of such investments on energy saving, natural gas import and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Arbaci, Sonia. « Ethnic Segregation, Housing Systems and Welfare Regimes in Europe ». European Journal of Housing Policy 7, no 4 (23 novembre 2007) : 401–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616710701650443.
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Antoinette Glaser, Marie. « Interview with Dr. Marie Antoinette Glaser ». WPS Review International on Sustainable Housing and Urban Renewal, no 3 (1 juin 2016) : 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/wps.vi3.13788.
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After having studied different aspects of housing policy in Europe, and having discovered a small difference between one country and another, an interview is conducted with Dr. Marie Antoinette Glaser to find out her opinion on several issues related to this issue.
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Iwata, Masami. « What is the Problem of Homelessness in Japan ? Conceptualisation, Research, and Policy Response ». International Journal on Homelessness 1, no 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 98–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ijoh.2021.1.13629.
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The definition of homelessness and the policies responding to it differ from society to society, as does understanding a state of being "homeless", all of which are socially constructed. Because in Japan today homelessness is perceived only as a situation of sleeping on the street, the prevalence is perceived as low. However, this definition is narrow compared to what, for example, FEANTSA has proposed in Europe. Therefore, Japanese policy and policy makers need to shift to be congruent with international standards. To begin this shift we need to understand how the "narrow" perception of homelessness in Japan has been constructed. Therefore, in this paper a historical review is provided starting on the premise of the "loss of home" of Japanese society after World War II, the rapid increase of "visible homelessness" since the 1990s, the enactment of formal homelessness law, and rising "visible homelessness". More recently there is also expanded interest in "invisible homelessness" due to current homelessness research. The issue of lack of a public housing allowance and limited public housing is explored connected to an absence of housing policy. Finally, the Covid-19 pandemic has increased anxiety about the loss of homes and there is a need to shift homelessness measures into housing policy.
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Matznetter, Walter. « Book Review : Systems of Housing Supply and Housing Production in Europe. A Comparison of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany (Series : Perspectives on Europe) ». Journal of European Social Policy 11, no 1 (février 2001) : 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095892870101100114.
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Stewart, J., et M. Rhoden. « Children, housing and health ». International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 26, no 7/8 (1 juillet 2006) : 326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330610680416.
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PurposeTo consolidate and review current literature that relates children's health to their housing and living environments.Design/methodology/approachA range of published sources which review the relationship between children, housing and health. The sources consolidate research that applies specifically to children and their domestic situation. The paper also reviews literature around municipal tower block estates and the unique health/architecture relationship before turning to children living in temporary bed and breakfast accommodation. An overview of current public health policy that seeks to reintegrate housing and well‐being is undertaken.FindingsDecent housing lies at the heart of health for all. Generally, the picture is more positive, but action remains slow. Children's needs must be given a higher priority in housing in future to promote physical and emotional well‐being.Research limitations/implicationsIt is not an exhaustive list and the sources are mainly UK publications.Practical implicationsThe UK approach to children, housing and health may be of interest to a number of overseas countries in Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified information/resources need and offers readers such as students, academics and practitioners an overview of the UK approach.
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Cespedes-Lopez, Mora-Garcia, Perez-Sanchez et Perez-Sanchez. « Meta-Analysis of Price Premiums in Housing with Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) ». Sustainability 11, no 22 (9 novembre 2019) : 6303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226303.
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Studies have found that housing with energy performance certificates have a positive premium in sales price. However, other studies have obtained negative or unexpected results. The objective of this study is to determine whether or not housing with energy performance certificates (EPC) have positive premiums in the sales price. For this purpose, a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of prior studies were conducted in order to determine whether the existence of an EPC influences sales price. A total of 66 documents were examined, with a total of 173 sales registers. The impact of having or not having an EPC was analyzed for housing sales price premiums on a global level, as well as the premiums in Europe for each of the ABCDEFG qualification letters. The results suggest that: 1) Globally speaking, it is estimated that housing with an EPC has an overall price premium of 4.20%, on a continent level, with premiums of 5.36% being obtained in North America, 4.81% in Asia, and 2.32% in Europe; 2) in Europe, the results are not conclusive with regards to the ABCDEFG qualification, since there is no consensus as to the letter base to be used as a reference for comparisons, thereby generating small comparable samples.
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Akkerman, Abraham. « Age-Specific Household Size as a Demographic Aspect of Regional Disparity : Czech Republic, 1991 ». Canadian Studies in Population 31, no 2 (31 décembre 2004) : 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6zs3r.
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The post-communist transition to market economy in Central Europe over the last decade of the twentieth century had a significant impact on the demographic profile of the former Soviet bloc countries. Largely due to government policy and market conditions related to housing, this observation is particularly true for the Czech Republic. The present study shows housing as a facet of regional demographic differences within the Czech Republic. The household composition matrix is applied here as a demographic gauge to the behavioral response of households to Czech housing markets and policy. The matrix provides here a glance at households’ demographic behavior in the capital city of Prague and in the country’s other regions, during the early transition period, based on observations from the 1991 census. A summary feature of household composition is the age-specific household size shown for the various regions of the Czech Republic to trace the reduced standard Gamma function. Anomalies detected in the trajectory of age-specific household size for Prague confirm the unique housing market conditions in the capital city, and point to a commensurate demographic response in Prague as opposed to the rest of the country.
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Kozera, Agnieszka, Joanna Stanisławska et Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn. « The phenomenon of housing poverty in the European Union ». Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 62, no 1 (30 janvier 2017) : 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0860.
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The main aim of this article is to identify and assess changes in housing poverty in the European Union (EU) in 2005 and 2013 in the context of cohesion policy. In he study of spatial differentiation of housing poverty, a synthetic measure was used. It was created with support of the TOPSIS standard method (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution). The article is prepared on the basis of statistical data from the EU-SILC surveys. The study shows that in 2013 compared to 2005, there was a significant reduction in housing poverty, especially in the EU countries which in 2005 were characterized by the highest level of poverty. However, in Romania and Latvia, high level of poverty was still maintained, particularly in comparison with the countries of Western Europe.
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Anderson, Isobel, Evelyn Dyb et Joe Finnerty. « The 'Arc of Prosperity' Revisited : Homelessness Policy Change in North Western Europe ». Social Inclusion 4, no 4 (20 octobre 2016) : 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i4.675.
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This paper compares continuity and change in homelessness policy in Ireland, Scotland and Norway with a particular focus on the period of post-crisis austerity measures (2008–2016). The analytical approach draws on institutional theory and the notion of path dependency, which has rarely been applied to comparative homelessness research. The paper compares welfare and housing systems in the three countries prior to presenting a detailed analysis of the conceptualisation and measurement of homelessness; the institutions which address homelessness; and the evidence of change in the post-2008 period. The analysis demonstrates that challenges remain in comparing the nature of homelessness and policy responses across nation states, even where they have a number of similar characteristics, and despite some EU influence towards homelessness policy convergence. Similarly, national-level homelessness policy change could not be interpreted as entirely a result of the external shock of the 2008 general financial crisis, as existing national policy goals and programmes were also influential. Overall, embedded national frameworks and institutions were resilient, but sufficiently flexible to deliver longer term policy shifts in response to the changing nature of the homelessness problem and national policy goals. Institutionalism and path dependency were found to be useful in developing the comparative analysis of homelessness policy change and could be fruitfully applied in future longitudinal, empirical research across a wider range of countries.
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Arundel, Rowan, et Christian Lennartz. « Returning to the parental home : Boomerang moves of younger adults and the welfare regime context ». Journal of European Social Policy 27, no 3 (17 février 2017) : 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716684315.
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Returns to the parental home represent a dramatic housing career interruption that can have significant social and economic implications. Interaction of individual characteristics with turning point shocks, such as unemployment or partnership dissolution, are key triggering events; however, housing disruptions are further embedded within variegated social, cultural and institutional contexts. Fundamental is the nature of the welfare regime, explaining norms surrounding co-residence as well as the amount and type of resources available. Through analyses using the Eurostat Longitudinal Survey on Income and Living Conditions, the research establishes a foundational understanding of how factors at both the individual as well as institutional and socio-cultural level moderate young adults’ housing interruptions across Europe. The results showed a significant welfare regime effect in outcomes of returned co-residence as well as evidence of differentiations across regimes in how individual characteristics and the experience of turning points related to returns. Higher return propensities were found among more familialistic contexts of Southern Europe and New Member States, while lower likelihoods were evident in the face of stronger state support and practices of earlier autonomy in Social Democratic and, to a lesser degree, intermediate Conservative regime contexts.
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Crook, Tony, Peter Bibby, Ed Ferrari, Sarah Monk, Connie Tang et Christine Whitehead. « New housing association development and its potential to reduce concentrations of deprivation : An English case study ». Urban Studies 53, no 16 (20 juillet 2016) : 3388–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015613044.
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Social housing across Western Europe has become significantly more residualised as governments concentrate on helping vulnerable households. Many countries are trying to reduce the concentrations of deprivation by building for a wider range of households and tenures. In England this policy has two main strands: (1) including other tenures when regenerating areas originally built as mono-tenure social housing estates and (2) introducing social rented and low-cost homeownership into new private market developments through planning obligations. By examining where new social housing and low-cost home ownership homes have been built and who moves into them, this paper examines whether these policies achieve social mix and reduce spatial concentrations of deprivation. The evidence suggests that new housing association development has enabled some vulnerable households to live in areas which are not deprived, while some better-off households have moved into more deprived areas. But these trends have not been sufficient to stem increases in deprivation in the most deprived areas.
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Rowell, Jay. « Knowledge and Power in State Socialism : Statistical Conventions and Housing Policy in the GDR ». Journal of Policy History 19, no 3 (juillet 2007) : 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2007.0016.
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Since the late 1970s, the historiography of State socialist regimes in Central Europe has been largely structured by an opposition between a “top-down” political history and a more “bottom-up” social history, leaving the analysis of public policy in a sort of no-man's land between politics and society. Without competitive elections, freedom of expression, or interest-group mobilization or participation, most determinants of policy routinely studied in Western democracies are inoperative. Furthermore, given that State socialist regimes and centralized economic planning appear to be historical dead ends, what can be learned today from the study of this political experiment? In this article on housing policy in the GDR, I will argue that the question of knowledge, its construction, its circulation, and its uses are at least as essential to the intelligibility of these regimes as the study of ideology and repression.
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Litovtseva, V., et M. Brychko. « FINANCING HOUSING PROGRAMMES AND ITS ROLE IN ENHANCING TRUST IN GOVERNMENT ». Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no 2 (2022) : 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.2-14.
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The democratic development of society has shown that the growth of the welfare of the overwhelming majority of the population through the implementation of effective social and economic policy in the country positively influences public attitude to the government and increases the level of trust in the public sector. A successful mechanism to address the social needs of citizens is the development of an affordable housing financing system for the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of affordable housing financing in Ukraine and determine its relationship to trust in the public sector. The article examines the use of state-administrative mechanisms for realizing the housing rights of Ukrainian citizens. Analysis of the current state of implementation of affordable housing programs is proposed, considering the size of mortgage payments and the volume of housing financing. The analysis highlighted the existence of a housing crisis in Ukrainian society as a result of the extremely low level of funding for the sector. The study provides a comparative analysis of the housing affordability index and the level of trust in government in Europe, according to the Global Value Survey. This has helped determine the place of social housing policy in the system of trust relationships between government, local governments and citizens. According to the sociological monitoring platforms, a dynamic analysis of the balance of trust-distrust of the population of Ukraine to the state apparatus and local government bodies was conducted. Based on a comprehensive and critical assessment of the leading affordable housing programs in the country and trust indicators, this study found that the distribution of powers, incentives, responsibilities, and budget funds within the framework of the decentralization process between the central government and local authorities, contribute to the achievement of the main goals of the state's social policy regarding affordable housing, which positively affects the level of citizens trust in local authorities. As a result, it was determined that during periods of economic and political uncertainty, financing of affordable housing is quite important, because due to such actions the state reduces the level of uncertainty, forms positive expectations of citizens, promotes the increase of stability and trust necessary for sustainable economic and social recovery.
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Ida, Yoram, et Gal Talit. « Israeli Government Policy on Non-Israeli Construction Workers ». Migration Letters 20, no 1 (31 janvier 2023) : 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v20i1.2820.
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In Israel, there has been a severe shortage of housing units for several decades, due, among other things, to a shortage of skilled construction workers. The industry employs Palestinian labourers (since 1967) and migrant workers, mainly from Eastern Europe and China (since the 1990s). The Israeli government has changed its policy on the employment of non-Israeli workers several times. This article reviews these changes and discusses their successes and failures. The findings show that the shortage of workers in the construction industry in Israel might justify an increase in the quota of non-Israeli workers in the short term. However, in the medium and long term, measures must be taken to ensure implementation of planned reforms to reduce Israel's dependence on non-Israelis and encourage the integration of Israeli workers in the industry. This should be achieved mainly through technological improvements and a transition to industrialized construction.
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Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Juan Sendra et Susan Roaf. « Rethinking User Behaviour Comfort Patterns in the South of Spain—What Users Really Do ». Sustainability 10, no 12 (27 novembre 2018) : 4448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124448.
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Although energy analysis techniques can contribute to substantial energy savings in housing stock retrofitting operations, the outcomes often deviate significantly from the predicted results, which tend to overestimate potential savings by overestimating the starting energy baselines, particularly in southern Europe. This deviation can be largely attributed to occupant practice relating to the use of air conditioning facilities and the temperatures at which occupants feel comfortable. The patterns observed differed widely from standard values. In this study environmental variables, primarily indoor air temperature both with and without HVAC, were monitored in occupied dwellings for a full year. The data gathered were supplemented with surveys on occupants’ temperature-related behaviour to define comfort patterns. The findings show that the standards in place are not consistent with actual comfort-accepted patterns in medium- to low-income housing in southern Spain, where energy consumption was observed to be lower than expected, mostly because occupants endure unsuitable, even unhealthy, conditions over long periods of time. A new user profile, better adjusted to practice in southern Europe, particularly in social housing, is proposed to reflect the current situation.
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Moutselos, Michalis. « Fighting for Their Neighborhood : Urban Policy and Anti-State Riots in France ». Social Forces 98, no 4 (28 octobre 2019) : 1719–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz126.
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Abstract Why does anti-state, violent rioting take place in advanced democracies? The paper investigates the role of the urban environment in shaping grievances expressed and mobilization/counter-mobilization processes observed during a riotous episode. In particular, I look at large social-housing estates as a propitious urban setting for the eruption and sustenance of anti-state violence. I identify three mechanisms (stigma amplification and inversion, failure of state intervention in the form of everyday administration and emergency policing, and advantages for network activation and resource mobilization among potential rioters) that complement standard explanations of rioting based on socioeconomic and ethno-cultural grievances. I test the theoretical model using a controlled case study of two neighboring suburbs in the North of Paris, with similar socioeconomic, demographic, and political characteristics but different violent outcomes in the 2005 nation-wide wave of French riots. The paper traces the source of local variation to the exogenous presence of large, concentrated social-housing estates in one, but not the other. The analysis here treats anti-state rioting as a form of urban protest and looks at state-society divisions rooted in urban geography and policy that have been overlooked in conventional scholarship on minority mobilization in Europe.
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Baynova, M. S. « International experience in stimulating the separate collection of household waste ». Upravlenie 9, no 2 (1 juillet 2021) : 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2021-9-2-5-14.
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The article presents experience of different countries in promoting separate collection of waste. The purpose of the article is to summarize the scientific conclusions of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of household waste management. The author provides an overview of current scientific publications from Russian and foreign sources on the methods used in different countries to stimulate separate collection of household waste, successful results and problems of implementation, directions of waste management policy. The study evaluates the methods of stimulating separate collection in different countries. The policy of household waste management in Western Europe, the USA and Japan receives a high scientific assessment, the principles of stimulating sepa rate collection are enshrined in legislation. New in the practice of separate waste collection is the search for cost-effective and most environmentally friendly technologies. In the countries of Eastern Europe, changes in traditions and organization of housing and communal services are required to meet the high standards of developed countries. Some countries are implementing separate waste policy elements. China is seeking a comprehensive incentive for separate collection. The scientific assessment of international experience can be used in the formation of a comprehensive waste management policy in Russia.
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Janoschka, Michael, Georgia Alexandri, Hernán Orozco Ramos et Sonia Vives-Miró. « Tracing the socio-spatial logics of transnational landlords’ real estate investment : Blackstone in Madrid ». European Urban and Regional Studies 27, no 2 (20 janvier 2019) : 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418822061.
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The rapid internationalisation of the Spanish property market has triggered debates about the main characteristics of emerging post-crisis urban dynamics. Financial and urban policy reforms have shaped a model depicted by incessant rent increases and displacements. Echoing these concerns, this article addresses two interconnected objectives about the way policy restructuring encouraged transnational investments into Spanish real estate and the concomitant socio-spatial effects this wider asset reshuffling has produced. Both queries are discussed by pinpointing the multi-scalar investment strategies of the private equity firm, Blackstone, which emerged as the predominant institutional investor during the recovery phase of the Spanish property market. The article initially sketches out the trajectory of the political economy of housing in Spain, and then it focuses on the strategies pursued by Blackstone for the acquisition of real estate and housing stock. The following sections connect the nodes of the financial chain that link this investor to former social housing tenants whose homes are by now owned by Blackstone. The spatial and social effects of this change in property ownership demonstrate the importance of in-depth research about the financial nodes that interplay with and shape the post-crisis urban condition in and beyond Southern Europe.
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Lux, Martin. « Efficiency and effectiveness of housing policies in the Central and Eastern Europe countries ». European Journal of Housing Policy 3, no 3 (décembre 2003) : 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616710310001603712.
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Tsenkova, Sasha, et Bengt Turner. « THE FUTURE OF SOCIAL HOUSING IN EASTERN EUROPE : REFORMS IN LATVIA AND UKRAINE ». European Journal of Housing Policy 4, no 2 (janvier 2004) : 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461671042000269001.
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Guimarães, José. « A Política dos Estados Unidos para a África desde a II Guerra Mundial até ao início da década de 1960 ». População e Sociedade 37 (30 juin 2022) : 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.52224/21845263/rev37v1.
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Despite the so-called American anti-colonial tradition (the legacy of independence, or Spirit of ‘76), between World War II and the beginning of the 1960s, the African policy of the United States was always subordinated to the security priorities of Europe. In fact, at the end of World War II, Europe was threatened with collapse, not only due to the approximately 80 million deaths it caused, but also to the gigantic needs for social and economic reconstruction caused by the massive destruction of its productive, housing and commercial activities, which made it impossible to satisfy the basic conditions of survival. A chaotic situation from which emerged a virtually unstoppable human torrent, through which the populations of the countries involved in the war would seek to conquer a world free from misery and hunger, exploitation and oppression. Faced with this “revolutionary wave”, exacerbated by the political impotence of most European elites largely discredited as a result of their capitulation and collaboration with the Nazi occupier, the US government feared that it could make it possible to implement what it qualified as a communist threat, choosing to help rebuild devastated Europe. What makes it possible to understand the “Europe First Policy” and the consequent subordination of all African perspectives of the foreign policy of the United States to European priorities, an orientation that would begin to be changed between 1958 and 1960, during the Eisenhower administration, who claimed an independent American policy for Africa, when the uninterrupted torrent of the conquest of independence by the colonies was about to submerge the entire continent. In turn, the Kennedy administration ensured the continuity of this policy, despite the apparent support for Afro-Asiatic anti-colonial claims, which highlighted the difficulties of adapting to the political priorities of the decolonization era on the part of European colonial powers, especially Portugal. However, this reorientation has never changed the foreign policy of the United States, which has always focused on defending Europe against all kind of threats.
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Rodríguez Vidal, Iñigo, Jorge Otaegi et Xabat Oregi. « Thermal Comfort in NZEB Collective Housing in Northern Spain ». Sustainability 12, no 22 (18 novembre 2020) : 9630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229630.
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European Building Codes have transitioned towards Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) requirements in new constructions, demanding high levels of insulation and airtightness derived from research and standards developed in Northern and Central Europe. The use of these principles in Southern Europe, where solar radiation is greater and building typologies and user behaviour are different, may have had a negative impact in Thermal Comfort and Energy Demand and Consumption. In this study, six dwellings located in a 2018 27-storey Passivhaus-certified building were monitored for a period of 9–18 months in 2019 and 2020. In the spirit of a complete Post-Occupancy Evaluation, a User Comfort Survey was carried out. The obtained data were analysed and fixed-limit and adaptative comfort models were used to assess the compliance of several European Comfort Standards, namely, EN ISO 7730, EN 15251, CIBSE TM:52, CIBSE TM:59 and CIBSE Guide A. Experimental results confirmed the issues reported by occupants in the Comfort Survey, making evident a severe overheating problem which we were able to quantify. In addition to presenting the obtained data and its analysis, this paper discusses the plausible causes and health-related implications of excess heat in NZEB Housing in the Northern Spanish climate.
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Miszewska-Urbańska, Emilia. « Modern Management Challenges of Floating Housing Development ». Real Estate Management and Valuation 24, no 1 (1 mars 2016) : 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remav-2016-0003.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to identify factors that determine the development and management models of floating housing development in the analyzed countries. The author indicates factors determining the possibility of settling on bodies of water in Poland, and restrictions connected with this type of development, as well as the need for specialized persons and companies ready to meet the challenges of the modern management of hydro-technical facilities, including floating housing development. In Western Europe, living on water is gaining in popularity. People have begun to dwell on water because of rising land prices, congestion in cities and work related to the use of rivers for the transport of goods. The popularity of housing on water in the Netherlands results from environmental conditions. About 60% of the Netherlands is below the sea level. For hundreds of years, the population of the Netherlands has been battling with the elements, while being exposed to continuously rising sea levels, which has been a consequence of the greenhouse effect. Environmental changes have caused a change in government policy, which began to support construction activity on water, adapted regulations and changed office holders. In North America, especially in the United States, the identification of residents with their neighborhoods of houses on water is so high that it has resulted in the formation of communities uniting owners of residential watercrafts, who have succeeded in homes on water becoming recognized as real estate and, consequently, now have the same rights as residents of houses on land. In Poland, housing estates on water are slowly gaining popularity but no factors determining the development of this type of settlement have been established. An analysis of the situation in Poland reveals many factors limiting the functional use of houses on water and a lack of specialists in the management of hydro-technical facilities. Therefore, on the basis of examples of countries in Western Europe and North America given in this article, the author tries to define the responsibilities of managers and an appropriate management model for housing estates on water in Poland, as well as indicate problems with the development of housing on water and their possible solutions.
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Cysek-Pawlak, Monika Maria. « Zróżnicowana zabudowa mieszkaniowa jako zasada nowego urbanizmu w procesie odnowy zdegradowanych osiedli ». Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no 31 (2020) : 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.20.011.12688.
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Principle of mixed housing within in the frames of new urbanism for the revival of distressed neighborhood Improvement of housing conditions is one of the basic elements of the process of revitalising urban structures. This study was conducted through the lens of mixed housing as a New Urbanism principle. Employment of this perspective is a result of contemporary adaptation of this American urban movement for revitalisation of urban tissue as a part of an infill development strategy. This work examines the practice of mixed housing in contemporary redevelopment projects in Europe, based on two case studies: Minguettes Vénissieux in the Lyon agglomeration (France) and Retkinia in Lodz (Poland).The redevelopment policies were compared with the American HOPE VI programme, which, similarly to the examples under study, was focused on the revitalisation of high-rise housing estates. The study’s findings enabled the definition of the influence of mixed housing principles of NU on urban regeneration processes and to gain some insight into the practice of mixed housing today, as well as into existing regulatory frameworks, based on the examined cases from France and Poland (1). A need for synergy between various NU principles was revealed as indispensable to produce or rather rebuild vital urban forms (2). As aimed, European tendencies in the mixed housing policy were related to US practice derived from the NU, especially examining the need for a diversity of tenure rights and regulatory guidelines based on NU application for revitalisation (3). The entirety of the research confirmed that mixed housing, as a multi-dimensional principle of NU, can serve as a means of revitalising residential areas, particularly decayed panel-block neighbourhoods.
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Suryani, Desak Sinta Putu, et Abdul Razaq Cangara. « National Identity and Migration Policy Dynamics : Analysing the Effect of Swedish National Identity on Its Granting Asylum Policy to Syrian Refugees in 2013 ». Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies (HJSIS) 1, no 1 (28 décembre 2022) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/hjsis.v1i1.24804.
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The Syrian conflict in 2011 has inevitably led to the massive forced migration of asylum seekers and refugees. Most of them fled to neighbouring and several countries in Europe. As a result of the European Union (EU) 's open border policy, their influx into Europe was reckoned a problem for many European countries due to increasing crimes and threats to its members' national security. Some European Union countries chose to be cautious by refusing or only providing financial assistance. Contrastingly, as an EU member state, Sweden received thousands of Syrian refugees until 2013. On October 3, 2013, the Swedish government announced an asylum policy of guaranteed housing provision and the right to bring families to Syrian asylum seekers until they obtain UNHCR refugee status. Such granting asylum policy to Syrian refugees shows differences in the identity of social security construction both in the society and its decision-makers compared to other EU countries. This article exposes the identity influence on the Swedish government's decision to grant asylum to Syrian refugees in 2013. This article employs the "aspirational constructivism" theory by Anne Clunan, arguing that a state's policy is based on a national identity sourced from society's historical reflections and the political elite's future aspirations. This article finds that Swedish society's history experienced cultural homogenization, known as a multicultural country, and the Social-Democracy and folkhemmet ("Home for the People") idea of the political elites resulted in the granting of asylum policy to Syrian refugees in October 2013.
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Nasarre-Aznar, Sergio, et Elga Molina-Roig. « A legal perspective of current challenges of the Spanish residential rental market ». International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 9, no 2 (10 juillet 2017) : 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-03-2017-0013.
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Purpose This paper aims to explain the main difficulties in the Spanish residential rental market becoming a true alternative to home ownership. Design/methodology/approach Currently, the Spanish rental market only meets temporary housing needs; it is very atomized and lacks professionalism. It does not provide an adequate legal framework to fulfil the parties’ aspirations (i.e. stability, affordability and flexibility for tenants; profitability, security and guarantees to landlords). The analysis of this proposition and the resulting proposal are based on six years of research, which started with the TENLAW European project. Findings Overcoming these constrains is essential to double the rate of residential leases in Spain and get closer to the European average, thus achieving a true diversification of housing tenures and avoiding future housing bubbles. Practical implications The paper makes a series of recommendations to legislators and policymakers to draft an adequate legal framework aimed at increasing the housing rental market share. This is based on the experience of mature tenancy markets in Europe, such as the German, Swiss and Austrian ones. Social implications The new proposed legal framework will help to transform the tenancy model in Spain into a functional one, making it more stable, affordable and flexible, while increasing safety and profitability for landlords. The model is also applicable, on a more general level, to all Mediterranean European countries. Originality/value Rethinking the regulation of tenancies, in a context of housing crisis and unaffordability (still a reality in many European and worldwide countries) has valuable potential for making this type of tenure more popular and for avoiding future housing bubbles.
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Berto, Raul, Giovanni Cechet, Carlo Antonio Stival et Paolo Rosato. « Affordable Housing vs. Urban Land Rent in Widespread Settlement Areas ». Sustainability 12, no 8 (13 avril 2020) : 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083129.
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Social housing constitutes a partial response to the demand for affordable housing. In Europe, there are different forms of social housing, which are distinguishable based on whether they employ a universal or residual approach. The latter is employed by Italian initiatives for social residential construction, the financial instrument of which is the Investment Fund for Housing, a closed-end fund managed by CDP (Cassa Depositi e Prestiti) Investment, which provides public–private partnerships. The main obstacle to the supply of low-cost houses is the high cost of building areas or, in other words, the high urban land rent. The value of building areas is particularly high in urban areas and in widespread settlement areas, for instance, in Northeastern Italy. The main objective of this paper is to identify the trade-off between urban land rent and housing affordability in a social housing intervention in Pordenone (Northeastern Italy). Four different scenarios are developed, the variables of which are: Cost of the area (urban rent), cost of construction works (quality of the buildings), and household income distribution. The results show that achieving the economic and social objectives of a social housing investment simultaneously is not possible in any of the scenarios evaluated. To allow the social groups most in need to access affordable housing would require a reduction of approximately 30% of the estimated cost of a building area.
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Bro, Henning. « Kollektivhuse – Hovedstaden på forkant ». Kulturstudier 1, no 1 (30 novembre 2010) : 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ks.v1i1.3885.
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Selv om der blev etableret visse fælles foranstaltninger i noget af det filantropiske byggeri, der skød frem i 1850'erne og 60'erne, hørte det egentlige kollektivhus det 20. århundrede til: En boligbebyggelse med selvstændige lejligheder, i nogle tilfælde for grupper med særlige boligbehov, med tilknyttede fællesfaciliteter for beboerne. I udgangspunktet centralkøkken med spisesal og restaurant, andre aflastende servicetilbud for den daglige husførelse, daginstitution, indkøbsmuligheder og senere tillige selskabslokaler, gæstehotel, hobbylokaler m.m.<br /><br />Abstract<br />As one of the first places in Europe, cooperative housing was built on Frederiksberg in 1903 by a philanthropic building society under the management of principal Otte Fick. During the years 1916-1930, the Danish Welfare State's housing policy was established. In this connection, the municipality of Copenhagen stood behind the policy by subsidizing eight blocks of cooperative housing - in all<br />1,125 flats - through a considerable amount of public funds. In Copenhagen itself and on Frederiksberg, non-profit housing associations as well as entrepreneurs supported this policy.<br />While most of the cooperative housing had central kitchens with dining rooms, some had a number of common facilities such as day-care centres, domestic help and/or modern washers and dryers. Some of the cooperative housing also had a local grocery store for the residents and the surrounding neighbourhood.<br />The cooperative housing was planned by some of the leading architects of that era and the majority of the flats had a room with a box bed, a small kitchen and an entrance hall; and all the flats had a toilet, a shower, and central heating. There was also a plan which encompassed flats facing out to corridors. The design of the cooperative housing included closed or open courtyards, L-shaped houses,<br />or blocks of flats surrounded by small gardens. Furthermore, it was considered innovative to build residential properties intended for certain social groups that had specific housing requirements. On the housing market, it was particularly troublesome to acquire self-contained flats for single parents with children and<br />elderly women - primarily people from the working class and the lower middle class.<br />In 1930, the Danish capital, comprised of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg, was on the forefront of housing development compared to the rest of Denmark and internationally. It would also create an important foundation for widespread building construction of cooperative housing in the future. However, this type of housing never really caught on in the ordinary construction business in the<br />20th century. On the other hand, it succeeded in positioning itself as an essential means of housing especially for both handicapped and elderly people.<br />
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Lartey, Kezia, et Brandon D. Lundy. « Policy Considerations regarding the Integration of Lusophone West African Immigrant Populations ». BORDER CROSSING 6, no 1 (4 mars 2017) : 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v7i1.480.
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On January 23, 2012, Resolution No. 3 enacted the National Immigration Strategy for the island nation of Cabo Verde, the first of its kind in the country. As a buffer nation to Western Europe with a rapidly developing economy and good governance indicators, Cabo Verde is transitioning from a sending and transit country to a receiving nation for African mainlanders, especially from Guinea-Bissau. How effective are these immigration policies at managing these changing mobility patterns? Are immigrants successfully integrating into host communities? How might integration be handled more effectively? This policy briefing reports integration successes and failures from ethnographic research and considers the effectiveness of Cabo Verde’s National Immigration Strategy based on these findings. Cabo Verde’s immigration policy targets structural reforms such as education, healthcare, and housing, while additional socio-cultural strategies encourage coexistence among neighbours. Three years out, our study observed positive effects, while also suggesting additional reforms.