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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Holy Roman Empire – History – 1648-1804 »

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Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Holy Roman Empire – History – 1648-1804"

Croxton, Derek, et Ronald G. Asch. « The Thirty Years' War : The Holy Roman Empire and Europe, 1618-1648. » Sixteenth Century Journal 29, n^o 1 (1998) : 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2544488.

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SCHRÖDER, PETER. « THE CONSTITUTION OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER 1648 : SAMUEL PUFENDORF'S ASSESSMENT IN HIS MONZAMBANO ». Historical Journal 42, n^o 4 (décembre 1999) : 961–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99008754.

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The examination of Pufendorf's Monzambano shows that he was strongly interested in the question of sovereignty, and that the complex reality of the Holy Roman Empire demanded a completely new approach to the question of where sovereignty within the Empire lay. Pufendorf developed his account of the Empire as an irregular political system by using essential aspects of Hobbes's theory and thus departed from all previous writers on the forma imperii. But Pufendorf's writing on the Empire has not only to be linked with political and philosophical discussion about sovereignty within the Empire but also with his own main writings where he developed a more detailed theory regarding the issue of sovereignty in general. The peace of Westphalia was not only an international settlement but it also shaped the constitution of the Empire to a considerable degree, and this is of crucial significance for the history of political thought during the seventeenth century.

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Weeks, Charles Andrew. « Jacob Boehme and the Thirty Years' War ». Central European History 24, n^o 2-3 (juin 1991) : 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900019014.

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The Thirty Years' War, which lasted from 1618 to 1648, was occasioned, if not caused, by complex disputes over religion. Fought mainly in Germany, it was a European war, involving powers from Spain to Poland. The three decades of merciless warfare in the heart of Europe undermined the old awareness of a universal Christendom, shattered the authority of the Holy Roman Empire, and contributed to the consolidation of the territorial entity or nation state. The war ended with Germany weakened and divided, and with the once proud Kingdom of Bohemia bereft of its former national and confessionla identity.

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Parrott, D. « Shorter notice. The Thirty Years War. The Holy Roman Empire and Europe, 1618-1648. R Asch ». English Historical Review 115, n^o 461 (avril 2000) : 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/115.461.462.

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Parrott, D. « Shorter notice. The Thirty Years War. The Holy Roman Empire and Europe, 1618-1648. R Asch ». English Historical Review 115, n^o 461 (1 avril 2000) : 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.461.462.

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Milton, Patrick. « The Early Eighteenth-Century German Confessional Crisis : The Juridification of Religious Conflict in the Reconfessionalized Politics of the Holy Roman Empire ». Central European History 49, n^o 1 (mars 2016) : 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000042.

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AbstractThe success of the treaties of Westphalia in preserving the religious peace in the Holy Roman Empire after 1648 has been a popular scholarly theme. Many historians also realize, however, that confessional tensions and confrontations persisted well into the eighteenth century. Exploring an early eighteenth-century German confessional crisis centered in the Palatinate, this article focuses on the degree to which judicial, political, and diplomatic mechanisms successfully regulated and deescalated confessional strife. In short, it looks at the “juridification” of confessional conflict in the Empire. In so doing, it addresses a number of underresearched themes, such as the reactions of the Catholic princes and the Emperor, the internal dynamics within theCorpus Evangelicorum, as well as the international dimension of European great power politics. This not only provides a multiangle analysis of a crisis that saw the emergence of a new regime in the politics of religion, but also offers greater insight into the relationship between the powerful, militarized Protestant territorial-states of northern Germany and the Habsburg emperorship, specifically with regard to the judicial authority of the latter.

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Ragozin, German. « The Emergence of Habsburgs in Early Works of Joseph von Hormayr ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, n^o 3 (2022) : 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.310.

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The paper deals with the issue of emergence of the Austrian historical myth in the early 19th century. The identity crisis in Austria, Holy Roman Empire and Habsburg possessions due to the French revolution and collapse of the “Old empire” brought a discussion on loyalty towards dynasty, throne, and the state. Relations of Habsburgs with their non-Germanic realms also underwent a transformation connected with the creation of the Austrian empire in 1804. Intellectuals in the early 19th century Vienna were faced with the challenge to revisit the remains of the old model of identity and relationships between the state and the society in a new context. The new model combining romanticism and conservatism pursued to find a model of “natural” relations between the sovereign, state and society. Joseph von Hormayr was the author of concepts for Austrian history, Habsburg dynasty, and its relations with the society in the early 19th century. He justified them with legitimism, dynastic patriotism, and general historical memory. “The Austrian Plutarch” made an impact on Austrian historical memory in the 19th century. The images of early Habsburgs were supposed to demonstrate the role of monarchy in the success of the state, social stability, and European balance. The essays showed the moral right of the dynasty to leadership in Germany and Central Europe. Hormayr disseminated the concepts of “Austrian freedom” in the Empire, “putting an end to the anarchy”, consistent centralization of Southern-eastern German areas, and its support from estates. The sovereigns appeared both in the image of mobilization figures for the duchy and neighboring countries, and possessors of the personal features turning Austria into the Empire later.

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Milton, Patrick. « The Mutual Guarantee of the Peace of Westphalia in the Law of Nations and Its Impact on European Diplomacy ». Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 22, n^o 1 (11 mars 2020) : 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340132.

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Abstract This paper seeks to investigate how the mutual guarantee clauses of the treaties of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years War in 1648, affected European diplomacy until the late eighteenth century. It will first analyse the reception and impact of the guarantee of the Peace of Westphalia in the European Law of Nations and in subsequent treaty law. Secondly, it will assess the practical impact of this feature of the Law of Nations on European diplomacy, and how this influence changed over time. This will also include an analysis of how diplomacy and shifting power-political currents altered the content of the guarantee in the Law of Nations. In analysing the guarantee’s influence on diplomacy, the paper places a particular emphasis on Franco-Imperial and Swedish-Imperial relations, as well as the perception of the guarantee among diplomats and other political actors during political, constitutional and confessional conflicts within the Holy Roman Empire.

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Pohl, Walter. « Ostarrîchi Revisited : The 1946 Anniversary, the Millennium, and the Medieval Roots of Austrian Identity ». Austrian History Yearbook 27 (janvier 1996) : 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800005804.

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In1996,Austriawill celebrate its millennium. As in many other cases, the chronological justifications for the anniversary are open to question. Austria has never been “founded,” and certainly not one thousand years ago; its independence is the result of a process that took centuries and cannot be symbolized by a date like July 4 in the United States. Austria's national holiday, October 26, marks the date in 1955 when the Austrian parliament voted permanent neutrality and the last of the Allied occupation troops left the country. Nobody, it is true, would doubt that Austria's history stretches back considerably before 1955, 1945 (the foundation of the Second Republic), 1918 (the birth of the First), or even 1804 (when the Habsburg emperor Francis I declared himself emperor of Austria after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire). Nothing comparable happened in 996. In a charter dated November 1, 996, Emperor Otto III granted some land at Neuhofen, in the west of the modern province of Lower Austria, to the bishop of Freising. Even the exact date of the charter—whose original has survived—has not always been accepted, for the seal it carries was Henry II's, whose reign began in 1002. Recently, some scholars have even tried to prove, although not very successfully, that it was a forgery.

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Petrova, Maria. « Behaviour Strategies of the Foreign Diplomats at the Perpetual Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in the 18th Century ». ISTORIYA 12, n^o 12-1 (110) (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018149-2.

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The article analyses the changes that took place in the official diplomatic communication of European rulers after the Thirty Years' War and the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which affirmed a number of sovereign rights to the Estates of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation (and former vassals of the emperor), including the right to send and receive ambassadors. The new sovereigns, primarily the princes-electors, began to fight for the so-called royal honours (honores regii), which were de facto expressed in a certain set of ceremonies in relation to the ambassadors of the crowned heads and republics assimilated to them. The arena of the struggle for the royal honours was the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in Regensburg — a general assembly of all Imperial Estates (in the middle of the eighteenth century — their representatives), by which since the end of the 17th century foreign diplomats had been accredited (first France, a little later — Great Britain, the United Provinces of the Netherlands, in the middle of the eighteenth century — Russia). Having declared their representatives in 1702 as the ministers of the first rank, the electors tried for a century to force the “old” monarchs to send ambassadors to the Diet, and they, by custom, were sent only to the sovereigns. Comparing the various ways out of the ceremonial impasse, the author comes to the conclusion that the struggle for elusive precedence, which foreign diplomats of the second rank (envoys or ministers plenipotentiary) waged with the representatives of the electors at the Imperial Diet, was a deliberately unwinnable strategy, leading either to their isolation or to the recall from their posts. A much more effective strategy that did not damage state prestige was to send to Regensburg so-called ministers without character or residents, who occupied a less honorable position in comparison with ambassadors and envoys, but according to their status were freed from the opportunity to compete with them and, as a result, to come into conflict.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Holy Roman Empire – History – 1648-1804"

Weis, Monique. « Les Pays-Bas espagnols et les Etats du Saint Empire (1559-1579) : priorités et enjeux des correspondances diplomatiques en temps de troubles ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211732.

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Buehler, Paul. « "So That The Common Man May See What Kind of Tree Bears Such Harmful Fruit" : Defamation, Dissent, and Censorship In The Holy Roman Empire, ca. 1555-1648 ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581330.

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For more than thirty years, historians of the Holy Roman Empire have registered little discernible interest in imperial censorship during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. As historical scholarship has evolved in its understanding of the Holy Roman Empire during this period, it has lagged behind in its appreciation for how imperial authorities controlled expression and regulated the book trade. Old assumptions about imperial censorship have been slow to wither and decay even though assumptions about the Empire have been reexamined and revised. Where a growing appreciation for the Empire's complexities spurred interest in territorial and civic censorship, a corresponding interest in imperial censorship has not developed. Interestingly, the two–old assumptions and modern revisionist histories–have conspired to moot studies of the imperial government, its policies, and its procedures, which has meant that the significance of imperial censorship in the Empire has been largely overlooked. Moreover, historians' attention to local controls and regulations has inspired a more nuanced approach to censorship than had previously prevailed, leading to a general reassessment of how censorship influenced the circulation and reception of ideas in both positive and negative ways. Imperial censorship has failed to register its mark in this regard as well. Using a combination of imperial censorship legislation, archival documents, and printed primary sources, this dissertation charts imperial censorship during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as both a concept and a practice. Unable to enforce religious uniformity in the Empire after the Reformation's successful establishment in the 1520s, imperial legislation came to rely on libel, rather than heresy, as the formal basis for its censorship policies. Libel was an ambiguous category of illicit expression, the interpretation of which depended a great deal on the contingencies of context and the subjective preferences of enforcers. This affected how imperial and local authorities, respectively, interacted on matters of censorship, requiring more negotiation and cooperation than has heretofore been appreciated.

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HALDÉN, Peter. « Compound republics as viable political systems : a comparison of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation and the European Union ». Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6344.

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Defence date: 28 July 2006
Examining board: Prof. Friedrich Kratochwil, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Prof. Jaap Dronkers, European University Institute ; Prof. Jens Bartelson, University of Copenhagen ; Prof. Richard Little, University of Bristol
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
The way the sovereign state is taken for granted in political theory prevents an explanation of historical and contemporary organizations and phenomena different from this ideal type. Peter Haldén bypasses the state and the problems it causes by constructing an understanding of politics and a research model based on classical and early modern republican political theory. This enables historical analysis without anachronism and a new interpretation of the European Union. By comparing the EU with the Holy Roman Empire (1648-1763) and the antebellum United States (1776-1865), he explains that the EU's international weakness is a result of its strength as a security system that stabilizes Europe. The author argues that continued American support and embedding in NATO is necessary in order for the EU to act on the world stage and to stabilize Europe in the long run. Through these theoretical innovations, he explores alternatives to state-building in the Third World.

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Livres sur le sujet "Holy Roman Empire – History – 1648-1804"

Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012.

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Asch, Ronald G. The Thirty Years War : The Holy Roman Empire and Europe, 1618-48. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1997.

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Arndt, Johannes. Das Heilige Römische Reich und die Niederlande 1566 bis 1648 : Politisch-konfessionelle Verflechtung und Publizistik im Achtzigjährigen Krieg. Köln : Böhlau, 1998.

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Schindling, Anton. Die Anfänge des Immerwährenden Reichstags zu Regensburg : Ständevertretung und Staatskunst nach dem Westfälischen Frieden. Mainz : P. von Zabern, 1991.

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Thomas, Wolf. Reichsstädte in Kriegszeiten : Untersuchungen zur Verfassungs-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte von Isny, Lindau, Memmingen und Ravensburg im 17. Jahrhundert. [Memmingen] : In Kommission Verlag Memminger Zeitung, 1991.

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Der Regensburger Reichstag von 1653/54 : Eine Studie zur Entwicklung des Alten Reiches nach dem Westfälischen Frieden. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1992.

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Charles V : The world emperor. Stroud : Sutton, 2004.

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Emperor Charles V, 1500-1558. London : Arnold, 2002.

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Heinz, Duchhardt, et Ortlieb Eva, dir. Der Westfälische Friede : Diplomatie, politische Zäsur, kulturelles Umfeld, Rezeptionsgeschichte. München : R. Oldenbourg, 1998.

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Adel in der frühen Neuzeit. München : R. Oldenbourg, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Holy Roman Empire – History – 1648-1804"

Romein, Christel Annemieke. « Brittany : Pay d’États and Don Gratuit (1648–1652) ». Dans Protecting the Fatherland : Lawsuits and Political Debates in Jülich, Hesse-Cassel and Brittany (1642-1655), 159–87. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74240-9_6.

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AbstractI start this chapter by introducing the history of Brittany which was independent until 1492 when it became linked to France, and 1532 it became a French pays d’état. Brittany itself did not have any direct experiences with warfare during the mid-seventeenth century, and hence this chapter shows how a particularist province reacted to tax-requests, without the immediate threat of warfare. Nonetheless, taxation had to be paid in order to finance warfare with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. Central to this chapter is how the nobility responded to these requests. The noblemen strove to uphold their legal status, and heavy taxations could jeopardise their income. Hence, the records of the Breton assemblies do give much information about the tax-negotiations that went on and the underlying noble privileges and conflicts. Especially between 1648 and 1652, when Brittany found itself close to bankruptcy and needed to curtail their expenditure. The used terminology does give away information about the threatened autonomy and means to protect privileges.

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Sagarra, Eda. « The Holy Roman Empire ». Dans A Social History of Germany 1648-1914, 15–21. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315083247-3.

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