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1
Epstein, Terrie. « The relationship between narrative construction and identity in History Education : implications for teaching and learning ». Educar em Revista, no 60 (juin 2016) : 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-4060.46024.
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Abstract The purpose of the research is less about producing little historians and more about taking into account students' cultures or identities in the teaching and learning of historical narratives. In my work, I have examined the national historical narratives that children and adolescents in the United States have constructed in order to assess the effects of young people's racial/ethnic identities on their understandings of the past. I have found that young people's racial identities had a significant impact on their interpretations of the U. S. history and that their teachers' instruction had some but not much impact on their views. Researchers within and beyond the U. S. have found similar results, attesting to the significance of "identity" (a person's sense of self and the communities s/he affiliates with, including nationality, gender, ethnicity, religious orientation, etc.) in the construction and/or critique of historical narratives. In the following pages, I review and synthesize the studies that I and others have conducted on the effects of identity on history teaching and learning, and conclude with a discussion of the implications for teaching and learning history in diverse democratic societies.
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Savchuk, B. P., et G. V. Bilavych. « The phenomenon of temperance movement in Bukovina and Khotyn District of Bessarabia Province in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries : Euro-Atlantic, Rusin, and Russian models ». Rusin, no 63 (2021) : 52–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/63/5.
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The article outlines the historical experience of the temperance movement development in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries in Bukovina, which at that time was part of the Habsburg monarchy as the Duchy of Bukovina with the status of the crown land, and in Khotyn District of Bessarabia Province of the Russian Empire. The historiography of the problem under study is fragmentarily reflected in socio-political, historical-ethnographic, and ethno-demographic writings. The authors have identified three main groups of prerequisites and factors determining the temperance movement in Bukovina and Hotynshchyna: the ethno-social structure and socio-economic situation of the population; the traditional everyday culture of the Rusins; the alcohol policy of the state; high level of drunkenness, etc. The article carries out a comprehensive comparative analysis to describe three organizational and ideological models of the temperance movement development. The first – Euro-Atlantic – manifested itself in various forms and activities of temperance associations and societies in the United States and European countries. The second – Rusin (Galician-Bukovinian) – manifested itself in the activities of the temperance associations and societies in the Duchy of Bukovina, which organized oaths of sobriety, “farewell to vodka”, “crosses of sobriety”, alcohol-free weddings and other family and social celebrations. The activity of the “apostles of sobriety”, the press and other public institutions is shown. The third – Russian – model related to the guardinaship for people’s sobriety in Khotyn region, which opened tea-reading rooms and libraries and carried out educational work.
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Kajimura, Toru. « History of Japan’s chart production in 150 years ». Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 juillet 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-157-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In 1853, the United States sent Commodore Perry with 4 warships to Japan, and urged opening the country to the world. Since then, Japan had entered into treaties of commerce with Western nations, and opened the ports for these nations. However, Japan was in military disadvantage with other nations having charting knowledge of Japan and it surroundings. As a result, a decision was made to establish chart production capabilities in Japan in the view of the national security. Soon after, the Japanese chief military commander opened two naval officer training facilities in Nagasaki (1855) and Tsukiji (1857). Surveying was also one of the subjects of taught at these training organizations.</p><p>Japan Hydrographic Department (JHD, currently Japan Hydrographic & Oceanographic Department) was established as the organization for chart production under the navy in 1871, and graduates of the above naval officer training facilities led the activities of JHD in its early stage. The first Chief Hydrographer YANAGI Narayoshi was one of them. JHD published its first navigational chart “KAMAISHI BAY of RIKUCHU” in 1872, the next year of its establishment, and expanded its chart series after that.</p><p>As Japan experienced several wars and expanded its national jurisdiction by 1945, JHD expanded its chart series. Most of these charts were open to the merchant ships, but some of them were not open to public as military secrets at that time. Furthermore, JHD, as one of the organizations under the navy, made aeronautical charts for naval airplanes. These charts have been stored in archives, but some were lost in fires. Not all of charts ever published by JHD exist now. The existing charts published by 1945 are kept in the Hydrographic & Oceanographic Museum.</p><p>After World War II, JHD was restructured as one of the organizations of Japan Coast Guard under the Ministry of Transport (currently the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport). The chart production of Japan in post war days has received big influences by the economic situation of Japan and the world, frameworks of international societies and developments of the technologies.</p><p>In the viewpoint of the economic situation, the number of chart publication increased due to the large number of the constructions of domestic harbours in the periods of the post war reconstruction and the following high economic growth of Japan, but it has decreased little by little since 1970’s by the influences of such as depressions of domestic economy, and decrease of ships registered in Japan and Japanese mariners. On the other hand, JHOD has published navigational charts written only in English in recent years for foreign mariners which number increases like supplementing a decrease of Japanese mariners. Moreover, JHOD has published basic maps of the sea as basic material of use, development, environmental preservation and the natural disaster prevention etc. of the ocean.</p><p>In the viewpoint of the frameworks of the international societies, JHOD has published fishery charts which show the fishery areas on the agreements between neighbouring countries, and also writes the straight baselines and limits of the territorial sea on the navigational charts according to United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.</p><p>In the viewpoint of the developments of the technologies, innovations of positioning technology and improvement of the computer ability influenced largely in chart production. JHOD used to publish Decca charts and Loran charts in the age of radio navigation. Because satellite navigation became common in recent years, the difference between WGS84 and Tokyo-datum (nearly 500&thinsp;m) was put in questions. Corresponding to it, JHOD temporarily published some Tokyo-datum charts on which latitude and longitude lines based on WGS84 in green were added, and since 2000, JHOD has published navigational charts based on WGS84 and no more on Tokyo-datum. Furthermore, with the growth of computer ability, JHOD has shifted its chart compilation from full manually to by using computer assisted partly, and in 1996, JHOD established chart compilation process under fully computer assisted. In addition, JHOD published the first electronic navigational chart (ENC) in the world in 1995.</p><p>JHOD as the responsible organization of Japan for chart production will continue to produce charts in the future adjusting to the environment that surrounds charts and navigations.</p></p>
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Denchev, Stoyan, et Steliana Yordanova. « Saltation Diffusion Penetration : A New Measure of Specific Politico-Economic and Military Relations ». Advances in Social Sciences and Management 2, no 6 (31 mai 2024) : 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.63002/assm.26.457.
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At every stage of human existence, the security environment has been marked by various challenges and processes that have passed through the course of its history. The development of societies, changes in socio-economic conditions, technological progress, political and ideological trends also determined the change in the security environment. The unprecedented military, political, economic and ideological confrontation of the Cold War period, as well as the current extremely complex situation in the world, are causing new dynamics in the security environment. New challenges have emerged for world order and security – terrorism and extremism, military and non-military conflicts, economic and political destabilization, ethnic and religious tensions, cyber wars and many more. etc., risks and threats that have a strong negative impact on the social sustainability of our planet. The lack of clear rules for political and economic behavior and the growth of confrontation in international relations have led to a total disorientation of the global modern social system. Dominant in this direction are not only current wars and permanent threats from local and global conflict situations, but also unconventional technologies, methods and means of influence in the internal political life of states. Scientific and expert literature temporarily imposed a new terminological apparatus, with which to name the various processes, phenomena and operations with a markedly political and military character. Despite the existence of this terminological diversity, however, in the last few years there has been a need to fill the "gap" in understanding their nature and metrics. The need for a new meaningful definition of the specific political-economic, technological and social decisions and consequences appeared mostly in social practice. In this regard, in this report we will consider a new measure of specific politico-economic and military relations, which we have called “Striking Diffuse Penetration” (SDP) or Public Diffuse Entropy (PDE). Regardless of the fact that these two definitions, we propose a third linguistic construction that unites the first two and name the following expression form Saltation Diffusion Penetration.
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Moysey, Antoniy, et Arcadiy Moiseі. « Creative heritage of Dimitry Dan and its international perception ». Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, no 2 (14 août 2023) : 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.2.2022.348.
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Dimitriy Dan (1856–1927) was a priest, ethnographer, historian, publicist, member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. Thanks to his publications in German, his works became available to scientists of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and other countries. His works have been included in bibliographic indexes during his life, reviews of them have been published in leading scientific journals of that time. The purpose of this article is to outline the main directions of D. Dan's research and to make a classification of his works, as well as a generalization of the international perception of his creative heritage. Source base. The work is based on search work in museum institutions, archives, libraries of Chernivtsi (Ukraine), Chisinau (Republic of Moldova), Suceava (Romania), the use of special information and search systems on the Internet (including the use of online archives of European journals , almanacs, societies, libraries, etc.). This made it possible to analyze leading magazines in the field of history and ethnography, Bulletins of National Libraries, Materials of International Congresses and Conferences, albums of the period 1890-1918 of such European countries as France, Poland, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Russia, Hungary, Great Britain and USA in the period 1890–1927. Secondly, to analyze the international perception of D. Dan's scientific works among scientists in Europe and the USA in the period after D. Dan's death (1927) until the present day. Methodology: bibliographic analysis, use of special information and search systems on the Internet. The research is relevant for the comparative determination of the importance of the researches of different scientists. A more in-depth classification of D. Dan's works (Appendix No. 1), an analysis of international significance, and the use of special search engines on the Internet confirm the novelty of the proposed article. Conclusions. A detailed study of D. Dan's creative heritage allows us to classify his works into the following categories: historical works; “monographs of villages”; description of different ethnic groups of Bukovyna; ethnography and folklore; sermons and articles devoted to spiritual and church matters; museology, protection of historical monuments and paleography; toponymy and natural history of Bukovyna; journalistic works; translations of works; memoirs, reviews and obituaries. The analysis of leading magazines and yearbooks, Bulletins of National Libraries, materials of International Congresses and Conferences, albums, bibliographic and scientific works gives us grounds to state the wide lifelong recognition of the importance of D. Dan's works in Bukovina, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as in such countries as Germany, Great Britain, USA, France, Poland, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary; as well as in the period after his death among scientists in Europe and the United States. This testifies to the recognition of the value of his works by the international scientific community. His works devoted to ethnic groups of Bukovyna became the most famous, mainly those published in German. The analysis showed that the works of D. Dan, as one of the first and authoritative researchers of ethnic groups of Bukovyna, are still referred to in Europe and the USA.
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Isenberg, Nancy G., Wendy E. Chmielewski, Louis J. Kern et Marlyn Klee Hartzell. « Women in Spiritual and Communitarian Societies in the United States. » Journal of American History 81, no 2 (septembre 1994) : 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081256.
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Vlajki, Emil. « End of history, Covid 19, and new Leviathan the broken communication between modernism and postmodernism ». Media, culture and public relations 12, no 2 (1 novembre 2021) : 124–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/mcpr.12.2.1.
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This work is about the spirit of Western civilization and its temptations. Drawing on Hegel's philosophy of history, the text explains why, until recently, this civilization was dominant over the rest of the world. The thing is that she understood the importance of rationality, subordinated all manifestations of life to her and especially, during capitalism (modernism), developed science and technology, and produced powerful weapons. Along the way, she incorporated all the significant achievements of other civilizations and peoples into her system of rationality. In this regard, Hegel says in the introduction to the Philosophy of History: „The only Thought which Philosophy brings with it to the contemplation of History, is the simple conception of Reason; that Reason is the Sovereign of the World; that the history of the world, therefore, presents us with a rational process.“ In other words, history is exclusively occupied with showing how Reason (Mind) comes to a recognition and adoption of the Truth. Of course, rationality is something that belongs to all civilizations and peoples, but other societies, for various reasons (geographical, climatic, religious, etc.) subordinated rationality to some other imperatives. Therefore, many of these communities were non-historical. Whatever it was, the West exploited its supremacy by colonizing other civilizations and destroying some. From the usual moral point of view, it is unacceptable, criminal. However, Hegel's philosophy, somewhat in Marx and Engels's interpretation, says something else. History makes sense. Its primary goal is to preserve humankind from anything that could destroy it, especially from various natural cataclysms and deadly diseases. The meaning of history is also its progress towards civil society as the realization of freedom and the end of history. This was only possible by adopting and practicing absolute rationality. Why guns and violence? Absolute rationality, in order to be histo-rically efficient, had to cover the whole world. In the West, as a "chosen civilization", it was to make it happen and he, militarily superior, did so by submiting other civilizati-ons and nations to the extreme violence. On the other hand, with this relentless exploitation of colonized areas, the West was able to develop rapidly in every way and thus, at the level of possibility, achieve the best destiny of humankind. Especially important was the XX century. Then this civilization, developing medicine, genetics, computer science, nanotechnology and robotics, managed to defeat various deadly diseases, begin space exploration, and turn deserts into fertile soils and, with the "green revolution", produce food for all the inhabitants of the planet. Seeing the advantages of rationality, other areas of the world, with varying success, followed the example of the West. Colonialism disappeared, and human rights and international relations were institutionalized, especially throughout the United Nations. The détente between the two blocs, capitalism and socialism, was established, and the nonaligned movement contributed to the stabilization of the world. As for the world's environmental prob-lems arising from the often-uncontrolled industrialization, they too, although excruciating and slow, seek to be solved on a global scale. Unlike modernism, which was constituted as a modern civil society with the adopted principle of equality of all, the current postmodernism is the opposite of everything civil. The market economy is functioning less and less, major utopian ideas, Christianity and Marxism, have been abandoned, the “new human rights” destroyed everything noble of the already proclaimed universal human rights. In the resulting hopeless chaos, worried about the rise of China and Russia, the most important forces in the West crossed in the "illegal" making a global deep state, the New Leviathan. They operate, as needed, both through formal and in-formal mechanisms. If necessary, they also oppose the authorities of their states if they deem their actions to be collapsing this civilization. As good disciples of Carl Schmitt, the German political philosopher, they are against the humanization of interpersonal relations; they have enormous financial and technical means and inhuman, eugenic ideas about reducing the world's population. There is no longer any doubt that their methods include the production and dissemination of deadly viruses. The action of these anti-liberal shadow minds is the destruction of all existing humanism, and has not-hing to do with history or any sense. Note. Leviathan is a sea monster mentioned in the biblical Book of Job, where it is associated with the forces of chaos and evil. Metaphorically, Leviathan is a huge and powerful social organism living secretly in the darck deep, out of any legal social control.
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Blauvelt, Martha. « Women in Spiritual and Communitarian Societies in the United States ». Women's History Review 3, no 1 (1 mars 1994) : 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029400200094.
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Bell, Daniel. « Alexis de Tocqueville : At the Crossroads of History ». Tocqueville Review 20, no 2 (janvier 1999) : 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.20.2.177.
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In the nineteenth and down into the twentieth century, France and the United States offered two contrasting images to each other, one of the past, the other of the future. Both considered themselves as exceptional societies. But the term exceptional differed in the two countries. Exceptional, in France, meant uncommon, a civilization uniquely marked by its culture. Exceptional, for the United States, meant a fate different from the historical course of degeneration of other nations.
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Bell, Daniel. « Alexis de Tocqueville at the crossroads of history ». Tocqueville Review 26, no 1 (janvier 2005) : 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.26.1.412.
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In the nineteenth and down into the twentieth century, France and the United States offered two contrasting images to each other, one of the past, the other of the future. Both considered themselves as exceptional societies. But the term exceptional differed in the two countries. Exceptional, in France, meant uncommon, a civilization uniquely marked by its culture. Exceptional, for the United States, meant a fate different from the historical course of degeneration of other nations.
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Vaziri, Sasha, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Michael Y. Wang et Daniel J. Hoh. « Brief History of Neurosurgical Spine Societies in the United States : Part 2 ». Neurospine 18, no 2 (30 juin 2021) : 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142018.009.
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Hilgard, Ernest R. « History of Research Centers and Professional Hypnosis Societies in the United States ». International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 41, no 3 (juillet 1993) : 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207149308414549.
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Vaziri, Sasha, Daniel K. Resnick, Christopher P. Ames, James S. Harrop, Christopher I. Shaffrey, Kern Singh, Justin S. Smith et Daniel J. Hoh. « Brief History of Spinal Neurosurgical Societies in the United States : Part 1 ». Neurospine 16, no 4 (31 décembre 2019) : 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14245/ns.1938378.189.
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Sanders, James E. « Hemispheric Reconstructions : Post-Emancipation Social Movements and Capitalist Reaction in Colombia and the United States ». Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 22, no 1 (janvier 2023) : 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781422000433.
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AbstractAs historians have begun to conceptualize the U.S. Civil War as a global event, so too must they consider Reconstruction as a political process that transcended national boundaries. The United States and Colombia both abolished slavery during civil wars; ex-slaves in both societies struggled for full citizenship and landholding, partially succeeding for a time; in both societies, a harsh reaction ripped full citizenship from the freedpeople and denied their claims to the land. These events, usually studied only as part of a national story in either the United States or Colombia, can also be understood, and perhaps be better understood, as a history of hemispheric and transnational processes—of race, of republican politics, of contests over equality, of capitalism. This essay examines the words and actions of historical actors, especially U.S. African Americans and afrocolombianos, to note the impressive commonalities of discourse (which was almost exactly the same in many cases) and political repertoires. This article focuses first on the agency of African Americans in both societies to create post-emancipation social movements for citizenship and land and then on the, largely successful, reactions against these movements.
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Tolley, Kim. « School Vaccination Wars : The Rise of Anti-Science in the American Anti-Vaccination Societies, 1879–1929 ». History of Education Quarterly 59, no 2 (26 avril 2019) : 161–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2019.3.
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Opposition to school vaccination requirements has a long history in the United States, from the early nineteenth century to today. This essay identifies three distinct phases in organized resistance to school vaccination in the United States between 1827 and 1929. This resistance was associated with a rise in anti-science discourse among leaders of the national anti-vaccination societies and occurred within the context of broader social changes and scientific discoveries during this period.
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EGUZ, Sule. « Contemporary Education Systems : The Case of United States ». Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences 33 (3 janvier 2024) : 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epess.1413353.
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Modernization efforts for the development of education systems were carried out in parallel with the needs of the age. In this direction, societies that have taken the step of modernization have first tried to revise their existing education systems and identify the prominent obstacles. Education systems have followed a very different course in history; It has been affected by many historical, geographical, economic, social, and cultural factors. The United States education system is an education system that is managed locally due to the history and structure of the country, where the education program, academic calendar, programs, school system structuring, and teacher appointments are determined by the states. In this study, first the political and cultural history of the country and then the functioning and structure of the education system are discussed. The study also compared the Turkish education system and US education. Finally, the study was concluded by including the problems encountered in the US education system.
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Gratton, Brian, et Jon Moen. « Immigration, Culture, and Child Labor in the United States, 1880–1920 ». Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no 3 (janvier 2004) : 355–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219504771997890.
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Alarmed by child labor in factories and mills, Progressive-era reformers criticized immigrants and immigrant cultures for sanctioning exploitation of their young. Neither qualitative nor quantitative appraisals find much evidence that ethnicity had any important effect on the likelihood that a child would work. Relative and absolute poverty were more important influences. Under all conditions, black children were much more likely to work. The use of children as workers, customary in all rural societies including that of the American family farm, reappeared in industrial settings and then quickly declined. Higher male earnings, technological shifts, and changes in law and culture compelled children to become students instead of wage earners.
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Klein, Herbert S. « The “Historical Turn” in the Social Sciences ». Journal of Interdisciplinary History 48, no 3 (novembre 2017) : 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01159.
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The first professional societies in the United States, from the 1880s to the 1910s, understood history to be closely associated with the other social sciences. Even in the mid-twentieth century, history was still grouped with the other social sciences, along with economics, sociology, political science, and anthropology. But in the past few decades, history and anthropology in the United States (though not necessarily in other countries) have moved away from the social sciences to ally themselves with the humanities—paradoxically, just when the other social sciences are becoming more committed to historical research.
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Blocker, Jack S. « Grappling with the GAPE : A Canadian Perspective ». Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 1, no 4 (octobre 2002) : 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000311.
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For a variety of reasons, the study and teaching of both United States history in general and the history of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era in particular should be thriving in Canada more than in other nations. Geographic proximity and shared language would advance this probability, even if the pervasive presence of American mass media did not. For students in Canadian colleges and universities, a combination of exposure to American doings through television and little prior academic opportunity to explore the history of the United States often whets an appetite for study at the post-secondary level. Interest in the GAPE arises — if for no other reason — from the fact that during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, both Canadians and Americans witnessed the emergence of corporate capitalism as a, perhaps the, principal shaper of their societies. At the last count in December 2001, Canada contained the largest concentration of H-SHGAPE subscribers outside the United States (25).
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Heinze, Andrew R., et Shelly Tenenbaum. « A Credit to Their Community : Jewish Loan Societies in the United States, 1880-1945. » Journal of American History 81, no 3 (décembre 1994) : 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081561.
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Dribe, Martin, J. David Hacker et Francesco Scalone. « Becoming American : Intermarriage during the Great Migration to the United States ». Journal of Interdisciplinary History 49, no 2 (août 2018) : 189–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01266.
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Although intermarriage is a common indicator of immigrant integration into host societies, most research has focused on how individual characteristics determine intermarriage. This study uses the 1910 ipums census sample to analyze how contextual factors affected intermarriage among European immigrants in the United States. Newly available, complete-count census microdata permit the construction of contextual measures at a much lower level of aggregation—the county—in this analysis than in previous studies. Our results confirm most findings in previous research relating to individual-level variables but also find important associations between contextual factors and marital outcomes. The relative size and sex ratio of an origin group, ethnic diversity, the share of the native-born white population, and the proportion of life that immigrants spent in the United State are all associated with exogamy. These patterns are highly similar across genders and immigrant generations.
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Buhlai, Natalia, et Vladyslava Piskizhova. « The Federation of Greek communities of Ukraine : History of formation and activity ». Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 34 (29 décembre 2021) : 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2021-34.259-274.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze the history of the Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine and its activities. Th e research methodology is based on the scientifi c principles of historicism and objectivity with the use of general scientifi c method of analysis and synthesis and a number of specifi c scientifi c methods such as historical-genetic, historical-systemic, ideographic, etc. The scientifi c novelty is determined primarily by the fact that the stated topic has not yet been the subject of a separate scientifi c study. Conclusions. Th e Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine is a leading public institution of the Greek community of Ukraine, formed to protect the national and cultural interests of its members. Now it unites more than 90 Greek societies. Th e achievements and problems of this organizational structure on the way to the realization of the goals and tasks declared by its Statute are analyzed. In particular, the activity of the organization in the following directions is revealed: popularization of history and culture, as well as a revival of national traditions of the Greek people, honouring the memory of its prominent personalities, charity, etc. Th e eff orts of the organization aimed at encouraging the representatives of the Greek community of Ukraine to study the native languages of the Nadazov Greeks – Urum and Rumei, as well as modern Greek as the language of the metropolis (the Hellenic Republic) are refl ected. It has been found that the direct participation of the independent Ukrainian state in the process of material support of national and cultural needs of the Greek community, especially in comparison with the number of funds received from government and public structures of the Hellenic Republic, is insignifi cant. Finally, the role of the Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine in the interconnected processes of formation of the national-cultural movement of Ukrainian Greeks and the revival of “Hellenism” in Ukraine has been determined. In this context, the concept of “Hellenism” should not be equated with the Hellenistic era but interpreted in terms of “cultural heritage of the Greek people”; Th is is how it is used in their records by the organizational structures of the Greek community in Ukraine, the Greek diaspora, and others.
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Schroeder, Walter A., Edwin S. Munger et Darleen R. Powars. « Sickle Cell Anaemia, Genetic Variations, and the Slave Trade to the United States ». Journal of African History 31, no 2 (juillet 1990) : 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024981.
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Examination of the DNA of individuals with sickle cell anaemia who reside in various geographical areas in Africa has led to the conclusion that the gene for this genetic disease arose separately in three different locations. Similar studies of sickle cell anaemia patients in the United States provide considerable information about the frequency in the United States of these three genetic variations. On the basis of such data, it is possible to estimate the percentage of slave imports from a given African locale into the United States. When this is done, there is general concordance with previous conclusions from such sources as language studies, shipping data, etc.
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Hillerbrand, Hans J. « Church History as Vocation and Moral Discipline ». Church History 70, no 1 (mars 2001) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3654408.
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I should like to acknowledge at the outset that I harbor no grandiose illusions about the import of what I will say this afternoon. As any veteran of annual meetings readily knows, presidential addresses are a time-honored ritual in the life of learned societies, a ritual comparable to the prayers spoken in the United States Congress, well meant, but stirring only mild interest. Alas, they all tend to be written as on water.
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Portier, Philippe. « L’Amérique et la France face à “l’esprit de religion”. Retour sur une comparaison tocquevillienne ». Social Compass 57, no 2 (juin 2010) : 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768610362414.
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The author proposes a variation on two articles from this issue—that of Nancy Ammerman, who analyses the situation of religion in the United States, and that of Corinne Valasik, who explores French society— taking the opportunity to re-examine the Tocquevillian comparison of the two Atlantic nations. The author of “Democracy in America” had pointed out the distance separating the two societies on the issue of the “spirit of religion”. Nearly 200 years after his journey, the situation is more nuanced. Of course, history did not abolish the differences: in the United States, religion remains far more visible than in France, in public rhetoric as well as in private practice. This longstanding state of affairs does not preclude comparisons. Under the effect of the individualization of relationships with the world, both societies have engaged in similar processes of “corporatization” of Churches and subjectification of beliefs. We should now probably approach them both as “post-secular societies”.
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Risman, Barbara, Frederick L. Whitan et Robin M. Mathy. « Male Homosexuality in Four Societies : Brazil, Guatemala, the Philippines, and the United States. » Social Forces 67, no 2 (décembre 1988) : 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579207.
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Rabel, R. « Fairness and Freedom : A History of Two Open Societies, New Zealand and the United States ». Journal of American History 99, no 4 (15 février 2013) : 1203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas571.
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Tenenbaum, Shelly. « Culture and Context : The Emergence of Hebrew Free Loan Societies in the United States ». Social Science History 13, no 3 (1989) : 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1171370.
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Tenenbaum, Shelly. « Culture and Context : The Emergence of Hebrew Free Loan Societies in the United States ». Social Science History 13, no 3 (1989) : 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016382.
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American ethnic groups vary in terms of movement on the economic ladder, position on the political spectrum, and educational attainment. Members of individual groups also congregate in particular occupations; Koreans in Los Angeles are overrepresented in the retail liquor industry (Light and Bonacich, 1988) and Greeks in New England are concentrated in pizza businesses (Lovell-Troy, 1980). While many of these differences may be obvious, an explanation for why they occur poses a serious challenge to social scientists. In response, scholars have proposed two theoretical frameworks, cultural and contextual, for understanding ethnic behavior. A cultural interpretation stresses that American ethnic groups’ behaviors are based on cultural traits brought from their countries of origin. In contrast, a contextual analysis explains ethnic conduct as immigrants’ responses to their new societies.
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Roobol, W. H. « Federalism, Sovereignty, etc. » European Constitutional Law Review 1, no 1 (12 octobre 2004) : 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019605000878.
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For the first time in history, the aspiration to ‘an ever closer union’ between European peoples (not states) was laid down in the Treaty of Rome of 1957. The same idea has now found expression in the preamble to the Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe: ‘Convinced that, while remaining proud of their own national identities and history, the peoples of Europe are determined to transcend their ancient divisions and, united ever more closely, to forge a common destiny’. However, as is usual in politics, the precise meaning of this formula is left unclear. Can pride of national identity and history go together with the forging of a common destiny? Without trying to answer this question, this short article looks at whether (a) European history, (b) the wording of the proposed treaty itself and (c) the international context can give some clues as to where forging a common destiny between the peoples of Europe might lead in a constitutional sense. Will the Union develop into a more or less centralised entity that resembles a state or will it remain the rather loose and open conglomeration of states it presently is?
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Steinmann, Heather, Suzzanne Kelley, William Schaniel, Tom Isern, Christine Cheyne, Alex Steenstra et Reynold F. Nesiba. « Fairness and freedom : A history of two open societies, New Zealand and the United States ». Social Science Journal 53, no 2 (1 juin 2016) : 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2016.03.006.
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Gorman, Daniel. « Britain, India, and the United Nations : colonialism and the development of international governance, 1945–1960 ». Journal of Global History 9, no 3 (13 octobre 2014) : 471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022814000217.
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AbstractThis article argues that the manner by which colonial societies achieved independence as sovereign states in the late 1940s and 1950s fundamentally shaped the parallel emergence of ideas and institutions of international governance, particularly at the newly created United Nations. Using Anglo-Indian relations as its primary focus, it argues that the internationalization of imperialism was particularly evident in two areas: postcolonial states’ negotiation of relations with their former colonial power within the UN system; and the influence of colonialism on international governance, particularly through the idea and practice of planning. The article assesses these developments through an analysis of British debates about United Nations membership for postcolonial states, India's role at the San Francisco Conference in 1945 where the United Nations was formed, India's campaign for a seat on the Security Council and its engagement with ECOSOC, the applicability of existing international conventions to postcolonial states, and the transfer of the ideal of planning from colonial to international governance.
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Kiyanka, Iryna. « American Populism in the Context of Political Discourse : History and Vodernity ». Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, no 13 (22 décembre 2023) : 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2023.13.125-142.
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An important feature of populist political forces in the United States is the desire for widespread use of direct democracy mechanisms, such as referendums, local and national elections, direct elections, etc. It was mentioned above that the People's (Populist) Party already included relevant requirements in its program (in particular, the introduction of direct elections of senators, which was later implemented). In the political tradition of the United States, the roots of the plebiscitary, as opposed to representative, vision of democracy go back to the very founding of this country.
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Miller, Jennifer M. « The Struggle to Rearm Japan : Negotiating the Cold War State in US-Japanese Relations ». Journal of Contemporary History 46, no 1 (janvier 2011) : 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009410383296.
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The Cold War brought forth an unprecedented level of global interactions, creating relationships that not only brought states together but altered the trajectories of societies. To explore the impact of the Cold War on postwar Japan, this article examines the negotiations between the United States and Japan over Japanese membership in the Mutual Security Program, the United States’ postwar military assistance program. It considers debates over Japanese rearmament and their effect on Japan’s economy and democracy, both within Japan and between Japan and the United States, the negotiations that resulted in Japan’s membership in the program, and Japanese reactions to this membership. It argues that Japanese rearmament both brought the United States and Japan together, and created tensions between them, highlighting the complicated Cold War dynamics between domestic and international politics. Further, it asserts that the Cold War altered the nature of the state by fostering a multilayered relationship between government policy-making, international negotiations, institutional developments, and socio-political mobilizations, creating a new political relationship that it calls the Cold War State.
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Rumbaut, Ruben G., et John R. Weeks. « Fertility and Adaptation : Indochinese Refugees in the United States ». International Migration Review 20, no 2 (juin 1986) : 428–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000216.
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Levels of fertility among Indochinese refugees in the United States are explored in the context of a highly compressed demographic transition implicit in the move from high-fertility Southeast Asian societies to a low-fertility resettlement region. A theoretical model is developed to explain the effect on refugee fertility of social background characteristics, migration history and patterns of adaptation to a different economic and cultural environment controlling for marital history and length of residence in the U.S. Multiple regression techniques are used to test the model which was found to account for nearly half of the variation in refugee fertility levels in the United States. Fertility is much higher for all Indochinese ethnic groups than it is for American women; the number of children in refugee families is in turn a major determinant of welfare dependency. Adjustments for rates of natural increase indicate a total 1985 Indochinese population of over one million, making it one of the largest Asian-origin populations in the United States. This remarkable phenomenon has occurred in less than a decade. Implications of these findings for public policy are discussed, focusing on family planning, maternal and child health needs, and the attainment of refugee economic self-sufficiency.
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Grover, Leena. « Transitional Justice, International Law and the United Nations ». Nordic Journal of International Law 88, no 3 (29 août 2019) : 359–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08803002.
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What relationship does international law have to transitional justice and what role has the United Nations (UN) played in shaping that relationship? The international legal history of this concept reveals that the UN has shifted from relying on international law to support nationally determined transitional justice efforts to expecting States to conform to a growing body of international legal standards it has set in this field. This turn to international legal hegemony and UN managerialism can marginalise some of the most pressing concerns of people attempting to overcome past large-scale abuses. In recent years, the UN has expanded its work in transitioning societies and scholars have recommended ways for better addressing the needs of their members. However, these measures seem partial at best, as they disrupt neither international law’s hegemony nor the UN’s managerial role in this field, which operate as major constraints on societies weighing their transitional justice options.
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Kibler, M. Alison. « Settling Accounts with Settler Societies : Strategies for Using Australian Women's History in a United States Women's History Class ». History Teacher 37, no 2 (février 2004) : 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1555649.
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Dribe, Martin, J. David Hacker et Francesco Scalone. « Immigration and Child Mortality : Lessons from the United States at the Turn of the Twentieth Century ». Social Science History 44, no 1 (2020) : 57–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2019.42.
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ABSTRACTThe societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today’s Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can tell us as much about the way immigrants fare in their new home country. In this article we study the disparities in infant and child mortality across nativity groups and generations, using new, high-density census data. In addition to describing differentials and trends in child mortality among 14 immigrant groups relative to the native-born white population of native parentage, we focus special attention on the association between child mortality, immigrant assimilation, and the community-level context of where immigrants lived. Our findings indicate substantial nativity differences in child mortality, but also that factors related to the societal integration of immigrants explains a substantial part of these differentials. Our results also point to the importance of spatial patterns and contextual variables in understanding nativity differentials in child mortality.
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Zheng, Huiwen. « Recent Controversies over Affirmative Action in the United States ». Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 4, no 1 (17 mai 2023) : 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/2022205.
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Affirmative action has a long history and is a controversial policy. This policy refers to an organization investing resources to ensure that people are not discriminated against on the basis of gender or race. For decades, affirmative action has been a very complete and controversial aspect of college enrollment in the United States. It has played an essential role in supplying educational chances, academic growth, and a community awareness for students. However, others believe that this policy is outdated in our current climate and is sometimes viewed as a form of reverse racial discrimination. Many universities have recently raised questions about affirmative action and its practices. Drawing upon various online sources, this paper looks at the changing attitudes toward affirmative action in education in the United States in recent years. It further explores why universities start to oppose affirmative action policy. The research sheds light on the development of affirmative action in recent years in the United States and contributes to our understanding of equality and justice in education in societies.
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Norgren, Jill. « Lawyers and the Legal Business of the Cherokee Republic in Courts of the United States, 1829–1835 ». Law and History Review 10, no 2 (1992) : 253–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743762.
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When Europeans first arrived, the Native American societies of North America had a variety of systems of social control and conflict mediation. These indigenous peoples were not heir to the concept of equal protection of the law derived from the Magna Carta, nor to notions of individual rights defended in the English Bill of Rights (1689) and Western Enlightenment political thought. Theirs were systems of custom and commandment of their own need and development. Therefore, after the contact period, whenever conflict arose a central issue of cultural pluralism surfaced: whose resolution system would be used when mediation was necessary.
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Trotter, Joe W. « African American Fraternal Associations in American History : An Introduction ». Social Science History 28, no 3 (2004) : 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012797.
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The growth of black fraternal associations is closely intertwined with the larger history of voluntary associations in American society. In the aftermath of the American Revolution, compared to its European counterparts, the United States soon gained a reputation as “a nation of joiners.” As early as the 1830s, the Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville described the proliferation of voluntary associations as a hallmark of American democracy. In his view, such associations distinguished America from the more hierarchically organized societies of Western Europe. “The citizen of the United States,” Tocqueville (1947 [1835]: 109) declared, “is taught from his earliest infancy to rely upon his own exertions in order to resist the evils and the difficulties of life; he looks upon social authority with an eye of mistrust and anxiety, and he only claims its assistance when he is quite unable to shift without it.” Near the turn of the twentieth century, a writer for theNorth American Reviewdescribed the final decades of the nineteenth century as the “Golden Age of Fraternity” (Harwood 1897).
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Hollinger, David A. « Why Is There So Much Christianity in the United States ? A Reply to Sommerville ». Church History 71, no 4 (décembre 2002) : 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700096335.
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If we are going to explain the slow pace of de-Christianization for the United States relative to other industrialized societies in the North Atlantic West, we might well begin with the church-state relationship. The absence of an established church in the United States has enabled religious affiliation to function, like other voluntary organizations in “civil society,” as mediators between the individual and the nation. I conimented on this rather old idea in a book C. John Sommerville is kind enough to cite in another connection, Science, Jews, and Secular Culture, but since he does not take up this point, I will develop it a bit further here, before reacting to Sommerville's other concerns as expressed in his refreshingly fair-minded rejoinder to my essay in the March 2001 issue of Church History.
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Chechelev, Stanislav. « Legal History of Direct Democracy Institutions in the USA ». Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series : Humanities and Social Sciences 8, no 2 (16 mai 2024) : 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2024-8-2-214-221.
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Direct democracy appeared in the United States back in the colonial period. However, when the country became sovereign in the late XVIII century, the founding fathers gave preference to representative democracy in order to prevent the mob rule. This research traces the history of various institutions of direct democracy in the United States. The late XIX – early XX centuries saw an era of progressivism in the United States: civil society struggled against negative social, political, and legal phenomena. Implementation of referendums, general direct elections, recalls of officials, etc., into the legal system seemed a perfect solution. In the early XX century, these institutions were enshrined in the legislation of some Western states and proved rather effective. The so-called second wave of direct democracy occurred after 1950s, and institutions of direct democracy became even more widespread. This process reached its peak in the late XX – early XXI centuries. As a result, they predominate in the current US legislation. The USA are currently going through a further rise in direct democracy, which is even more implemented into the legal system. The American experience of direct democracy is of considerable interest to Russia as it may help to improve the domestic state mechanisms of making socially important decisions.
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Alba, Richard. « Schools & ; the Diversity Transition ». Daedalus 142, no 3 (juillet 2013) : 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00225.
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In the next quarter century, North American and Western European societies will face a profound transformation of their working-age populations as a result of immigration, combined with the aging of native majorities. These changes will intensify the challenges of integrating the children of lowstatus immigrants. Abundant evidence reveals that most educational systems, including that in the United States, are failing to meet these challenges; and sociological theories underscore these systems' role in reproducing inequality. However, the history of assimilation in the United States shows that native-/immigrant-origin inequalities need not be enduring. An examination of variations across time and space suggests educational policy changes and innovations that can ameliorate inequalities.
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Waltman, Jerold. « Communities in Conflict : The School Prayer in West Germany, the United States and Canada ». Canadian journal of law and society 6 (1991) : 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100001903.
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AbstractThree remarkably similar court cases involving prayers in public schools have been decided in Germany, the United States, and Canada, all of which illustrate the issue of communities in conflict. Comparing these cases is especially pertinent for Canadian jurisprudence inasmuch as community has been trumpeted as important for giving life to the Charter. Developing four options for religiously plural federal societies, this article shows how these three countries each choose different routes, and how these choices relate to history and culture. Further, it points out that an emphasis on community in Charter interpretation is in tension with itself.
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Sapoliya, Nirav Kumar, et Mamta B Shah. « Regulations on Herbal Products in India, United States and European Union : A Review ». International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, no 2 (19 juin 2022) : 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i2.528.
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Herbal products are now being mainstay of about 80% of the world population for primary health care. The belief that herbs are safe is not completely true, as many cases of untoward effects are observed following their imprudent use. Therefore, we need to have regulative measures on herbal products that would keep check on each step of entire process of drug development. Ensuring efficacy and safety of these products is going to increase the global acceptance and would be serving a greater number of populations worldwide in an inculpable manner. Working in this direction almost every country has developed their plan of work for regulation of herbal products that are referred as traditional medicines, alternative medicines, complimentary medicines, natural health product, health supplements etc. Electronic review method was used to compile information for this review on the regulation of herbal product around the world in this study. The data were collected from different databases such as Google scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, pharma tutor, and etc.
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Stearns, Peter N. « Informality : a Window on Contemporary Emotions History ». Emotions : History, Culture, Society 3, no 1 (6 juin 2019) : 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010053.
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Abstract An intriguing and pervasive development in the history of the past century – in the United States and at least some other societies – has been the rise of greater informality in interpersonal relations. Almost everyone knows this has been happening – a class of college students can offer a number of valid illustrations (with a heavy dose of habits on social media), and some have lived through even more extensive changes in, for example, the way people dress. But the phenomenon is dramatically understudied, taken for granted rather than assessed or analysed. There is a serious historical topic here that should be addressed by a wider audience, with several dimensions for further evaluation.
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Stultz, Newell. « Official Language Policies in Multilingual Societies : Evidence from the United States, South Africa, and Canada ». Safundi 10, no 1 (janvier 2009) : 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17533170802349531.
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Shermer, Elizabeth Tandy. « Standing on Common Ground : The Making of a Sunbelt Borderland ». Business History Review 90, no 1 (2016) : 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680516000015.
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The best work in the new “history of capitalism” field borrows from the tool kits of social and cultural historians and rests on the assumption that states, societies, and markets cannot be treated separately from one another. That central observation feeds the contemporary impulse to reconnect subfields, such as business, labor, and politics, which had drifted apart since the 1970s. Already this methodology has returned scholarship on the nineteenth-century United States to the topics of slavery's relationship to capitalism and the realization of selfhood either through manumission, the labor market, or finance.
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Sharp, A. « Fairness and Freedom : A History of Two Open Societies, New Zealand and the United States, by David Hackett Fischer ». English Historical Review 129, no 536 (1 février 2014) : 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cet365.
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