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1
Heed, Josefin. « Food secure : Farmers on their modes of production ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355200.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The thesis explores contradictions that farmers see between current mode of production, and how they imagine that modes of production would need to change if there were no fossil fuels. Based on qualitative interviews with farmers, the aim of the study is to contribute to a discussion on strategies to increase the farms’ capabilities to produce food without fossil fuels. This topic is relevant from both environmental and contingency perspectives. I understand society of today as mainly driven by capitalist logic, meaning that the logics of capital are what most people perceive as the normal and rational way to organize society. The analysis is based on a theoretical framework that sees the dominant energy source as specific and conditional for the historical organization of different societies, focusing on the role of fossil fuels as specific to the current capitalist society. The analytical tools are derived from the concept mode of production, which puts focus on how the farm production is organized in regard to labor, skills, inputs and machines. By using a specific focus on how farmers describe contradictions between the current mode of production of farms and in the case of a sudden lack of fossil fuels, I elucidate features of current food production that are made logical and rational by using fossil fuels, but which seem less logical when there are no fossil fuels. I argue that the threat to food security is not due to the fossil fuel dependency per se, but due to how fossil fuels have and are enabling 1) social relations where the purpose of food is to be a commodity rather than to be nutrition for people, 2) spatial concentrations of refineries, distribution and consumers, 3) social relations with dispossession of means of productions for consumers and concentration of ownership of land for producers, 4) technical relations which drive deskilling of knowledge on how to produce food. For policymaking, this means that exchanging fossil fuels with other energy sources would not necessarily increase food security, as long as the above mentioned mechanisms are reproduced. To increase food security, agricultural policies need to aim at making food more than a commodity and decrease the distance between production and consumption, both in spatial terms but also in terms of knowledge and skills. These strategies are not necessarily compatible with the logics of the capitalist mode of production.
2
Ng, Stephanie Yuet Wah. « Modes of production in post-war cantonese cinema : bricolage and sing-song comedy ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1532.
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3
Jimenez, Eduardo Antonio. « Fast history matching of time-lapse seismic and production data for high resolution models ». Diss., Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Integrated reservoir modeling has become an important part of day-to-day
decision analysis in oil and gas management practices. A very attractive and promising
technology is the use of time-lapse or 4D seismic as an essential component in subsurface
modeling. Today, 4D seismic is enabling oil companies to optimize production and
increase recovery through monitoring fluid movements throughout the reservoir. 4D
seismic advances are also being driven by an increased need by the petroleum
engineering community to become more quantitative and accurate in our ability to
monitor reservoir processes. Qualitative interpretations of time-lapse anomalies are being
replaced by quantitative inversions of 4D seismic data to produce accurate maps of fluid
saturations, pore pressure, temperature, among others.
Within all steps involved in this subsurface modeling process, the most
demanding one is integrating the geologic model with dynamic field data, including 4Dseismic
when available. The validation of the geologic model with observed dynamic
data is accomplished through a "history matching" (HM) process typically carried out
with well-based measurements. Due to low resolution of production data, the validation
process is severely limited in its reservoir areal coverage, compromising the quality of the
model and any subsequent predictive exercise. This research will aim to provide a novel
history matching approach that can use information from high-resolution seismic data to
supplement the areally sparse production data. The proposed approach will utilize
streamline-derived sensitivities as means of relating the forward model performance with
the prior geologic model. The essential ideas underlying this approach are similar to those
used for high-frequency approximations in seismic wave propagation. In both cases, this leads to solutions that are defined along "streamlines" (fluid flow), or "rays" (seismic
wave propagation). Synthetic and field data examples will be used extensively to
demonstrate the value and contribution of this work.
Our results show that the problem of non-uniqueness in this complex history
matching problem is greatly reduced when constraints in the form of saturation maps
from spatially closely sampled seismic data are included. Further on, our methodology
can be used to quickly identify discrepancies between static and dynamic modeling.
Reducing this gap will ensure robust and reliable models leading to accurate predictions
and ultimately an optimum hydrocarbon extraction.
4
Leonardo, Vega Velasquez. « An efficient Bayesian formulation for production data integration into reservoir models ». Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1633.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Current techniques for production data integration into reservoir models can be broadly grouped into two categories: deterministic and Bayesian. The deterministic approach relies on imposing parameter smoothness constraints using spatial derivatives to ensure large-scale changes consistent with the low resolution of the production data. The Bayesian approach is based on prior estimates of model statistics such as parameter covariance and data errors and attempts to generate posterior models consistent with the static and dynamic data. Both approaches have been successful for field-scale applications although the computational costs associated with the two methods can vary widely. This is particularly the case for the Bayesian approach that utilizes a prior covariance matrix that can be large and full. To date, no systematic study has been carried out to examine the scaling properties and relative merits of the methods. The main purpose of this work is twofold. First, we systematically investigate the scaling of the computational costs for the deterministic and the Bayesian approaches for realistic field-scale applications. Our results indicate that the deterministic approach exhibits a linear increase in the CPU time with model size compared to a quadratic increase for the Bayesian approach. Second, we propose a fast and robust adaptation of the Bayesian formulation that preserves the statistical foundation of the Bayesian method and at the same time has a scaling property similar to that of the deterministic approach. This can lead to orders of magnitude savings in computation time for model sizes greater than 100,000 grid blocks. We demonstrate the power and utility of our proposed method using synthetic examples and a field example from the Goldsmith field, a carbonate reservoir in west Texas. The use of the new efficient Bayesian formulation along with the Randomized Maximum Likelihood method allows straightforward assessment of uncertainty. The former provides computational efficiency and the latter avoids rejection of expensive conditioned realizations.
5
Stockhammer, Engelbert, et Paul Ramskogler. « Uncertainty and exploitation in history ». Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/82/1/document.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper builds on the Marxist concept of exploitation to explore the meaning of the Post Keynesian notion of uncertainty. Uncertainty is mediated by institutions and is distributed unevenly among different social groups. As different historical social formations entail different institutional structures, the distribution and nature of uncertainty also differ. The configurations between class relations and uncertainty are analyzed for the capitalist, feudal and slave modes of production. It is demonstrated that modes of production do not only imply specific exploitative relations but also different relative distributions of uncertainty amongst classes. Joining Marxian and Post Keynesian approaches allows a richer understanding of exploitive relations and illuminates the full societal impact of uncertainty. It is shown that only in capitalism is the exploited class exposed to a substantial degree of economic uncertainty. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
6
Brook, Simon Richard. « Industrial playwriting : forms, strategies, and methods for creative production ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30137/1/Simon_Brook_Thesis.pdf.
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This study, in its exploration of the attached play scripts and their method of development, evaluates the forms, strategies, and methods of an organised model of formalised playwriting. Through the examination, reflection and reaction to a perceived crisis in playwriting in the Australian theatre sector, the notion of Industrial Playwriting is arrived at: a practice whereby plays are designed and constructed, and where the process of writing becomes central to the efficient creation of new work and the improvement of the writer’s skill and knowledge base.
Using a practice-led methodology and action research the study examines a system of play construction appropriate to and addressing the challenges of the contemporary Australian theatre sector. Specifically, using the action research methodology known as design-based research a conceptual framework was constructed to form the basis of the notion of Industrial Playwriting. From this two plays were constructed using a case study method and the process recorded and used to create a practical, step-by-step system of Industrial Playwriting. In the creative practice of manufacturing a single authored play, and then a group-devised play, Industrial Playwriting was tested and found to also offer a valid alternative approach to playwriting in the training of new and even emerging playwrights. Finally, it offered insight into how Industrial Playwriting could be used to greatly facilitate theatre companies’ ongoing need to have access to new writers and new Australian works, and how it might form the basis of a cost effective writer development model. This study of the methods of formalised writing as a means to confront some of the challenges of the Australian theatre sector, the practice of playwriting and the history associated with it, makes an original and important contribution to contemporary playwriting practice.
7
Brook, Simon Richard. « Industrial playwriting : forms, strategies, and methods for creative production ». Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30137/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study, in its exploration of the attached play scripts and their method of development, evaluates the forms, strategies, and methods of an organised model of formalised playwriting. Through the examination, reflection and reaction to a perceived crisis in playwriting in the Australian theatre sector, the notion of Industrial Playwriting is arrived at: a practice whereby plays are designed and constructed, and where the process of writing becomes central to the efficient creation of new work and the improvement of the writer’s skill and knowledge base.
Using a practice-led methodology and action research the study examines a system of play construction appropriate to and addressing the challenges of the contemporary Australian theatre sector. Specifically, using the action research methodology known as design-based research a conceptual framework was constructed to form the basis of the notion of Industrial Playwriting. From this two plays were constructed using a case study method and the process recorded and used to create a practical, step-by-step system of Industrial Playwriting. In the creative practice of manufacturing a single authored play, and then a group-devised play, Industrial Playwriting was tested and found to also offer a valid alternative approach to playwriting in the training of new and even emerging playwrights. Finally, it offered insight into how Industrial Playwriting could be used to greatly facilitate theatre companies’ ongoing need to have access to new writers and new Australian works, and how it might form the basis of a cost effective writer development model. This study of the methods of formalised writing as a means to confront some of the challenges of the Australian theatre sector, the practice of playwriting and the history associated with it, makes an original and important contribution to contemporary playwriting practice.
8
Li, Jun. « The Asiatic mode of production and ancient China : an enquiry into the nature of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1766-221 B.C.) ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358544.
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9
Hamel, Dany. « Les modes de fabrication des terres cuites communes de production locale à Québec à la fin du XVIIe siècle ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24618/24618.pdf.
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10
Henry, Philippa Anne. « The changing scale and mode of textile production in late Saxon England : its relationship to developments in textile technology ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669895.
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11
Ndungutse, Jean-Claude. « Évolution de la population, modes de production et reproduction, rapports sociaux et développement rural : une approche des dynamiques démographiques dans leur contexte historique, économique, social, politique et culturel et leur interaction sur l'évolution des forces productrices, leurs rapports sociaux et modes de production dans le milieu rural agricole au Rwanda de l'époque pré-coloniale à 1994 ». Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0159.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La plupart des chercheurs (historiens, démographes, sociologues, anthropologues et autres experts qu'ils soient nationaux ou internationaux) qui ont travaillé sur le Rwanda affirment que l'accroissement rapide et la forte densité qui caractérisent sa population sont les signes d'un surpeuplement qui serait à l'origine de la pauvreté et une entrave au décollage économique de ce petit pays de l'Afrique centrale. D'autres avancent l'idée selon laquelle la guerre de 1990 et son point culminant qu'est le génocide de 1994 prendraient leur origine dans cette croissance démographique galopante et non maîtrisée qui aurait provoqué une promiscuité sociale étouffante où chaque groupe social aurait tenté de se trouver une place et un statut social. Tout en acceptant l'idée que l'équilibre entre population et ressources peut présenter structurellement des moments malthusiens, Jean-Claude Ndungutse montre que, tout au long de l'évolution de la société rwandaise, d'autres facteurs ont joué notamment les aléas climatiques, les modes de productions déséquilibrés, les ravageurs des plantes comme des criquets pèlerins et autres facteurs sociaux (violences, inégalités sociales, mauvaise gouvernance et crimes politiques, maladies et autres. . . ) qui tous, ont contribué à la dégradation du potentiel productif dans le milieu rural agricole au Rwanda. Jean-Claude Ndungutse s'inscrit dans la vision d'Esther Boserup et aborde le sujet dans une approche historique, sociologique et anthropologiqueThe main part of local and international researchers (historians, demographers, sociologists, anthropologists and other experts) who have worked on Rwanda say that the speedy increase and the high density characterizing its population are signs of underdevelopment which is a source of poverty and a hamper of the economic take off of that small country located in the central Africa. Other people believe that the 1990 war which led to 1994 genocide have their main origin in the galloping and non controlIed increase of population which provoked a tough social promiscuity where each social group tries its best to get a room and a social status. If we do accept the idea that the equilibrium between a population and its resources may structurally conduct to Malthusian moments, Jean-Claude Ndungutse shows that during the changes of the Rwandese society, some other factors such as climatic ales the inadequate production system, the plantations invaders such as insects and other social factors (violence, social inequity, bad governance and political crimes, illness, etc. . . ) should be taken into account to explain the situation. AlI of them had contributed to deteriorate the production potentials in the Rwandese agricultural rural area. Jean-Claude Ndungutse has the same point of view as Esther Boserup and treats the subject in a historical, sociological and anthropological approach
12
Thomas, Carol. « Domestic labour and the capitalist mode of production : a theoretical and historical analysis ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36690/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In advanced capitalist economies, a considerable proportion of society's labour-power is expended in the performance of unpaid labour in the household. The domestic labour per formed in the homes of the working class, mainly but not exclusively by women, is the subject of this thesis. Part One deals with theoretical questions concerning the existence and nature of domestic labour as a form of production. In it I attempt to develop a Marxist, that is, a historical materialist, analysis of domestic labour that suffers neither from functionalism nor idealism. To a great extent, new theoretical analyses grow out of the critique of already existing ones. The chapters in Part One reflect this: I present a political economy of domestic labour and an analysis of it's historical origin in the context of a critique of both Materialist Feminist theory and the Domestic Labour Debate. Part Two contains three studies in the historical development of domestic labour in 19th and 20th century Britain. Three themes are present throughout: the changing nature of the domestic labour process and the means of production employed; the relationship between working class struggle and the development of household labour; the relationship between the development of domestic labour and the social position of women. My analysis is based on the study of Marxist political economy and secondary source research into the history of wor king class household labour. It's originality lies principally in it's method of approach. To date, studies of domestic labour have generally suffered from theoretical or empirical exclusivity. The development of a detailed and rounded historical materialist analysis through the interaction of historical and theoretical research sets this thesis apart from contributions to the Domestic Labour Debate and other studies in the household labour studies tradition. This approach has led to new conclusions in relation to the political economy, the historical origin, and the historical development, of domestic labour.
13
Dowdle, Daniel Mark. « The internet as an anchor : a grounded theory model of internet advocacy and web site production in Japan and the issue of history textbook reform / ». Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1114.pdf.
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14
Dowdle, Daniel Mark. « The Internet as an Anchor : A Comparative Analysis Model of Internet Advocacy and Web Site Production in Japan and the Issue of History Textbook Reform ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/334.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This master's thesis is a grounded theory study of the development of the Internet as a tool for political action in Japan by groups and individuals producing web pages on the issue of history textbook reform. Through the analysis of 14 in-depth interviews, a framework is developed for understanding the role the Internet has taken in political action in Japan. As activists utilize the Internet in political activism, the Internet appears to be developing into an anchor for continuing political activism. For activists, the Internet is a central point of reference for both mass communication and interpersonal communication activities. The model indicates that the political alignment of an activist is an important factor in determining his or her preference for either interpersonal or mass communication on the Internet. Activists on the left tend to use the Internet as a tool for interpersonal communication and coordination, while activists on the right tend to view the Internet as a tool for mass persuasion. The model of Internet activism developed in the thesis is also compared with models of communication derived from theories of technological determinism and social shaping of technologies. Consistent with technological determinist ideas, the Japanese case demonstrates that as activists rely on the Internet, other media show signs of becoming content for the new medium. However, the Japanese case also shows that pre-existing needs and the political framework of an activist have a strong shaping effect on Internet use, indicating the importance of a social shaping of technologies approach.
15
Huang, Linda. « Opening Up to the Universe : Cai Guoqiang's Methodology from 1986 to 1996 ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377875580.
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BRUNAZZI, GIANMARIA. « RAPPORTI SOCIALI E CONFLITTI DI CLASSE NELL'INGHILTERRA DEL XVIII SECOLO : VERSO UNA NUOVA TEORIA MATERIALISTA DELLA TRANSIZIONE AL CAPITALISMO ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/921478.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work has two main aims: it wants, from one side, to revive the debate on the Transition to Capitalism, whereas, on the other side, it proposes a new political approach to historical materialism.
Triggered by social concerns about our times - which are characterised by growing inequality and poverty, by class polarisation, climate emergences, economic crises and new wars - the research devotes theoretical attention to the dialectics between political present and the writing of history.
While the world leaves behind thirty years of neo-liberal unipolarism, and History, in its magnitude, gets back into the scene, the paper, critically focusing on the origins of Capitalism and on the praxis of change, shakes the hypostatization of the present social system and, highlighting the specific features that make it finite and superable, historicises it.
The work challenges those academic studies which have dealt, in the wake of several cultural trends, with the history of economic and social development, counterposing to micro-specialisation, post-modern fragmentation and the multiplication of perspectives, a systematic contestation of the whole bulk of relations which Capitalism entails.
Devoting a new importance to class paradigm - even with respect to materialist traditional approaches - the essay contributes to Marxist historiography, originally investigating theoretical nodes such as the relationship between base and superstructure, history and theory, materiality and ideology, objectivity and subjectivity.
Group interests, class relations and conflicts in XVIII century England are inspected with the goal of defining a new method for historical investigation: the social praxis, as a methodological criterion, does not only permit us to reframe the dynamics relating economic (structural) and social transformations, but proves to be a valid guide to preserve the researcher’s writing from from the ideological influence of his time hegemony.
17
Mendonça, Leandro José Luz Riodades de. « Cinema e industria : o conceito de modo de produção cinematográfico e o cinema brasileiro ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27153/tde-22072009-183038/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta Tese discute questões da construção historiográfica da história do cinema. A história do cinema compôs um conjunto de obras que, normalmente, toma como ponto de partida obras cinematográficas, e não aspectos considerados extra texto, como a economia ou a recepção. Esse trabalho tenta, através do uso do conceito de modo de produção, unir em um aparato conceitual questões estéticas e econômicas. Para tanto, refaz uma parte do percurso historiográfico sobre o cinema brasileiro dos anos cinqüenta e tenta discutir fundamentalmente dois aspectos: o primeiro que o cinema pode ser entendido por meio do conceito de modo de produção; e o segundo reside na descrição de dois exemplos, em linhas gerais, de modos de produção que coexistem na mencionada década. Por fim, destaca que o conjunto de filmes da chanchada produzido na Atlântida pode ser caracterizado como um modo de produção que se opunha de várias maneiras ao recém surgido modo de produção, representado pelo filme Rio 40 Graus.This thesis discusses the historiography of Film History. Film History has produced a set of material that, generally, takes as starting point the films themselves and do not consider extra text material, such as the economy and the reception of the film. This work attempts, through the concept of mode of production, bridge under a conceptual apparatus matching up aesthetic and economic matters. In doing so, the work critically looks at the fifties Brazilian Film History and makes basically two propositions: one is that Cinema may be understood through the conception of mode of production; the second consists of the description of two examples, in general terms, of modes of production coexistent in the decade. Finally, it highlights that the set of chanchada films, produced by Atlantida, may be characterized as a mode of production that is in many ways opposed to the more recent modes of production represented by the film Rio 40 Graus.
18
Silva, Romeu Adriano da. « A obra de Marx e Engels e as tendências do marxismo : crítica das perspectivas essencialistas nas pesquisas educacionais brasileiras ». [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250797.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: José Claudinei LombardiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T19:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RomeuAdrianoda_D.pdf: 2202023 bytes, checksum: 6a330d0c73539a4e09468db01c6cac9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A partir da obra de Marx e Engels e da concepção materialista dialética da história, esta tese objetiva estabelecer a crítica das perspectivas essencialistas nas pesquisas educacionais brasileiras. Entende-se que tem se configurado no Brasil, nas últimas duas décadas, um conjunto de pesquisas educacionais vinculadas a uma leitura particular do filósofo húngaro Gyõrgy Lukács e sua ontologia do ser social, cuja consequência .fundamental foi a construção de uma perspectiva essencialista de trabalho, de homem e de educação. Essa perspectiva essencialista sustenta-se na centralidade da categoria trabalho a partir de uma leitura imanente do próprio trabalho. Os autores brasileiros tomados como expressão dessa tendência são Ivo Tonet e Epitácio Macário Moura, sendo também, de modo mais pontual, consideradas as reflexões elaboradas por Sérgio Lessa especificamente sobre a educação, uma vez que sua obra não tem o fenômeno educativo como objeto central de análise. Procuro indicar a existência de tensões internas à própria ontologia do ser social, de modo a tentar melhor precisar a tendência essencialista referida. Sustento, acompanhando a elaboração rnarxiana e engelsiana, que a categoria central para a compreensão histórica do trabalho e da educação é a categoria modo de produção.
Abstract: From the Marx and Engels work's and the dialectical materialist conception of history, this thesis aims to establish a critique about essentialist perspectives in educational research in Brazil. It is understood that has emerged in this country, in the last two decades, a number of educational research related to a particular reading of the hungarian philosopher Gyorgy Lukács and his ontology of social being, whose key result was the constructíon of an essentialist perspective of work, of man, and education. This essentialist perspective is based on the centrality of the working class from an immanent reading of the work itself The Brazilian authors taken as an expression of this tendency are Ivo Tonet and Epitácio Macarius Moura, and also, in a more accurate, considering the reflections made by Sergio Lessa specifically about education, since his work does not have the educational phenomenon as the central object of analysis. I search to indicate the existence of internal stresses in the very ontology of social being, so try to better clarify the mentioned essentialist tendency. Accompanying the intellectual production of Marx and Engels, I argue that the central category for the historical understanding of work and education is the category of rnode of production.
Doutorado
Filosofia e História da Educação
Doutor em Educação
19
Jalal, Yahya Ahmad Salman. « History of the modes of reading ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590420.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study aims to provide a more accurate reading and understanding of the history of the modes of reading. It provides an in-depth examination of their first phase in the earliest days and their development throughout their history up until the time of the famous reciter Ibn al-Jazari. The current study shows that the modes of reading were learned from Muhammad and that the companions transmitted them, or at least some of them, to the next generation. Not all modes of reading have reached us. Some are available in books but are not used in reading the Qur'an in practice mainly because they lost the condition of a connected chain of transmitters. Certain events directly affected the modes of reading such as the death of many of the reciters in the Apostasy War during the caliphate of Abu Bakr. This incident led to the notion of writing the Qur'an along with its all modes of reading. The first collection of its kind which took place during Abu Bakr's caliphate was a new concept since the Qur'an had been collected under the order and supervision of Muhammad according to one mode of reading. During the caliphate of Uthman, the modes of reading caused a dispute amongst people from different regions. For this reason the caliph and the companions available at that time, after a consultation, agreed to unite people on one mode of reading and they therefore wrote several copies and distributed them to the main regions of the Muslim world . Since this event, the condition of the compatibility with the Uthmanic codex was introduced. Contrary to common belief, it is demonstrated that there was no difference between the codices written under the order of Uthman. In this research, an emphasis is placed on the period between the collection during Uthman's caliphate and the time of Ibn Mujahid. This provides an insight into the historical development of the modes of reading. This study reflects and sheds light on the contributions of the most influential reciters Ibn Mujahid, al-Dani, and Ibn al-Jazari. Also this research addresses the controversial matter of irregularity and its relationship with the Qur'an. By analysing the term (tawatur), it is concluded that this term should not be used to differentiate between what is Qur'an and what is not. Therefore, a more positive attitude towards irregular modes of reading is achieved
20
Dangoumau, Nathalie. « Contribution à la gestion des modes des systèmes automatisés de production ». Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10184.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le travail presente dans ce memoire s'interesse a la gestion des modes des systemes automatises de production. Le role de cette fonction, integree a la supervision, peut etre decrit selon deux axes. L'un concerne l'aspect operationnel et consiste a gerer les changements d'etats du systeme non prevus par la partie commande. Ces changements d'etats peuvent etre issus soit d'une des fonctions du controle/commande ou soit la consequence d'une defaillance du procede. Le deuxieme point concerne l'aspect informationnel. Dans ce sens, l'objectif de la fonction de gestion des modes consiste a modeliser, a tout instant, l'etat du systeme du point de vue de ses modes afin d'etre a la fois une aide au pilotage et a la maintenance. Dans un contexte de tolerance aux fautes, l'etude du traitement de fautes, effectuee a partir de la litterature, permet dans la premiere partie du memoire, d'une part, de contribuer a la mise en place d'une terminologie sur le processus de reconfiguration, et d'autre part, de definir la problematique abordee dans ce memoire : la gestion des modesLa deuxieme partie du memoire est consacree a la presentation de notre proposition pour la modelisation et la gestion des modes des systemes de production. Nous proposons tout d'abord une demarche pour la determination des modes d'un systeme de production basee sur la notion de point de vue. Nous nous interessons par la suite plus particulierement aux elements necessaires a notre approche. Le premier, appele le modele de composant, a pour objectif de modeliser le comportement de chacun des composants d'un systeme de production tout en respectant les contraintes specifiees par le concepteur. Le second, appele le modele de fonction, a pour objectif de modeliser le comportement interne d'une fonction. Le formalisme des synccharts est employe pour specifier chacun de ces modeles. Enfin, le modele final du systeme etudie est obtenu selon une demarche de construction orientee objectifs de production
21
Klangboonrong, Yiarayong. « Modes of knowledge production : articulating coexistence in UK academic science ». Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9618.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The notion of Mode 2, as a shift from Mode 1 science-as-we-know-it, depicts science as
practically relevant, socially distributed and democratic. Debates remain over the
empirical substantiation of Mode 2. In particular, our understanding has been impeded
by the mutually exclusive framing of Mode 1/Mode 2. Looking at how academic
science is justified to diverse institutional interests – a situation associated with Mode 2
– it is asked, “What happens to Mode 1 where Mode 2 is in demand?”
This study comprises two sequential phases. It combines interviews with 18 university
spinout founders as micro-level Mode 2 exemplars, and macro-level policy narratives
from 72 expert witnesses examined by select committees. An interpretive scheme
(Greenwood and Hinings, 1988) is applied to capture the internal means-ends structure
of each mode, where the end is to satisfy demand constituents, both in academia (Mode
1) and beyond (Mode 2).
Results indicate Mode 1’s enduring influence even where non-academic demands are
concerned, thus refuting that means and ends necessarily operate together as a stable
mode. The causal ambiguity inherent in scientific advances necessitates (i) Mode 1 peer
review as the only quality control regime systematically applicable ex ante, and (ii)
Mode 1 means of knowledge production as essential for the health and diversity of the
science base. Modifications to performance criteria are proposed to create a synergy
between modes and justify public investment, especially in the absence of immediate
outcomes.
The study presents a framework of Mode1/Mode 2 coexistence that eases the problem
with the either/or perception and renders Mode 2 more amenable to empirical research.
It is crucial to note, though, that this is contingent on given vested interests. In this
study, Mode 1’s fate is seen through academic scientists whose imperative is unique
from those of other constituents, thereby potentially entailing further struggles and
negotiation.
22
Biland, Pierre. « Modelisation des modes de marche d'un systeme automatise de production ». Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La bibliographie sur les systemes automatises de production reconnait largement l'importance des modes de marche (et d'arret) dans le cycle de vie des s. A. P. , aussi bien dans la phase de conception que dans la phase d'exploitation. Mais il existe actuellement fort peu d'outils permettant de les modeliser ou de les integrer lors de la conception. L'objectif de cette these est de proposer une approche unifiee des modes de marche d'un s. A. P. Partant d'un point de vue g. E. M. M. A. , on modelise le comportement de chacun des differents composants elementaires d'un atelier par un automate fini deterministe dont les etats sont les modes de marche, les transitions etant les commutations entre modes. Puis, par composition, en respectant la structure fortement hierarchique d'un s. A. P. , en integrant les interactions et les contraintes de fonctionnement entre composants, et en effectuant a chaque niveau de la hierarchie une abstraction par encapsulation des niveaux inferieurs, on modelise le comportement du s. A. P. Dans sa globalite. Cette demarche s'accompagne, en outre, de la construction d'un gestionnaire pour chaque niveau d'encapsulation, gestionnaire constituant une modelisation du logiciel de commande a mettre en uvre. La modelisation a l'aide d'automates finis deterministes permet une formalisation des differentes operations effectuees. Un premier chapitre introductif presente le contexte de cette recherche, celui des s. A. P. , et on y situe la notion de mode de marche par rapport aux differents termes et aux differentes interpretations rencontrees. Le second chapitre expose le modele avec les caracteristiques et les contraintes prises en compte par cette approche; le troisieme en effectue sa specification formelle. Le quatrieme et dernier chapitre est un exemple de sa mise en uvre dans le cadre des langages de configuration
23
Schmid, Neset Tina-Simone. « Environmental imprint of human food consumption : Linköping, Sweden 1870-2000 / ». Linköping : Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-3592.
Texte intégral
24
Ruellan, Denis. « Le professionnalisme des reporters : espaces de travail et modes de production ». Rennes 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN20004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le professionnalisme des reporters est envisagé sous deux angles : 1 - discours de légitimation d'un groupe, il sert à combler le vide de la définition du métier de journaliste (frontières, compétences, accès, rôle) : 2 - ensemble de savoir-faire non codifiés, il signe une pratique de l'activité d'information partagée entre les exigences de rationalisation et d'expression. Le reportage, compris comme modèle du journalisme séculaire, est étudié dans ses origines historiques (19eme siècle), ses développements (analyse de trente ouvrages de vulgarisation 18901990) et ses aspects contemporains (enquête auprès de vingt reporters)Reporters professionalism can be considered in two different ways : 1 - group-recognition discourse, it is intended to make good the deficiency of journalism's definition (limits, skills, approach, role) : 2 - as a non-ability entirety, it emphasizes a proactise of the informative activity which is divided between both the demand for rationalization and expression. As a secular journalism model, reporting is looked into its historical origins (19th century), its expansion (thirty popular works analysis. 1890-1990) and its contemporary aspects (twenty reporters interviewed)
25
Bouasker, Olfa. « Analyse du choix des investissements : options réelles et modes de production ». Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0483.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse traite du choix optimal des investissements à la lumière de la théorie des options réelles et de la prise en compte des différents modes de production. Nous proposons dans un premier temps plusieurs extensions du modèle d'investissement irréversible de Pindyck (1988): introduction de processus plus complexes pour décrire l'évolution de la valeur de marché et de fonctions de production très générales pour décrire l'activité de la firme ; prise en compte de l'aversion au risque dans un cadre d'optimisation dynamique. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment les options d'échange de Margrabe (1978) permettent de résoudre certains problèmes de choix d'investissement. Nous en proposons diverses extensions et illustrationsCette thèse traite du choix optimal des investissements à la lumière de la théorie des options réelles et de la prise en compte des différents modes de production. Nous proposons dans un premier temps plusieurs extensions du modèle d'investissement irréversible de Pindyck (1988): introduction de processus plus complexes pour décrire l'évolution de la valeur de marché et de fonctions de production très générales pour décrire l'activité de la firme ; prise en compte de l'aversion au risque dans un cadre d'optimisation dynamique. Dans un second temps, nous montrons comment les options d'échange de Margrabe (1978) permettent de résoudre certains problèmes de choix d'investissement. Nous en proposons diverses extensions et illustrations
26
Blackburn, Richard James. « Economics and modes of security in the philosophy of history ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385482.
Texte intégral
27
Adamson, David L. « Modes of production, social class structure and the development of Welsh Nationalism ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440107.
Texte intégral
28
Toudert, Thérèse. « Vetenskapens behov av avbildningar : En objektbiografisk fallstudie av Félix Thiberts moulager ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391086.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis investigates a part of the material culture of higher education through an object biographical case study of Félix Thibert’s moulages. The object biography operates with a diachronic perspective that offers an object-centered historiography of university collections, revealing that the need for collecting and imaging in science consistently remains, even though the role and significance of pathological moulages in research and education have changed over time. The moulages are epistemic things as described by Hans-Jörg Rheinberger. They embody what we do not yet know and they become marginalized when no one expects them to generate new discoveries. Their ontology and function are dependent on the dominating epistemic culture. John V. Pickstone outlines three ways of knowing, which gradually have dominated since the Renaissance: natural history, analysis and experiment. Thibert’s moulages are clearly anchored in analysis as a way of knowing for which the museum is an important arena. The findings of this thesis show that university museums and their collections were of immense importance for the production of knowledge during the 19th century, while today they often fall short of their knowledge-generating potential. There are nevertheless methods that can help them reach their full potential, among them a displaying method proposed by Karin Tybjerg considered in this thesis and the object biography of which this thesis consists. This is a two-year master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies.
29
Parker, Mark M. (Mark Mason). « Transposition and the Transposed Modes in Late-Baroque France ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331880/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of the study is the investigation of the topics of transposition and the transposed major and minor modes as discussed principally by selected French authors of the final twenty years of the seventeenth century and the first three decades of the eighteenth. The sources are relatively varied and include manuals for singers and instrumentalists, dictionaries, independent essays, and tracts which were published in scholarly journals; special emphasis is placed on the observation and attempted explanation of both irregular signatures and the signatures of the minor modes. The paper concerns the following areas: definitions and related concepts, methods for singers and Instrumentalists, and signatures for the tones which were identified by the authors. The topics are interdependent, for the signatures both effected transposition and indicated written-out transpositions. The late Baroque was characterized by much diversity with regard to definitions of the natural and transposed modes. At the close of the seventeenth century, two concurrent and yet diverse notions were in evidence: the most widespread associated "natural" with inclusion within the gamme; that is, the criterion for naturalness was total diatonic pitch content, as specified by the signature. When the scale was reduced from two columns to a single one, its total pitch content was diminished, and consequently the number of the natural modes found within the gamme was reduced. An apparently less popular view narrowed the focus of "natural tone" to a single diatonic pitch, the final of the tone or mode. A number of factors contributed to the disappearance of the long-held distinction between natural and transposed tones: the linking of the notion of "transposed" with the temperament, the establishment of two types of signatures for the minor tones (for tones with sharps and flats, respectively), the transition from a two-column scale to a single-column one, and the recognition of a unified system of major and minor keys.
30
Laird, Andrew. « Modes of reporting speech in Latin fictional narrative ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cf04560a-fda0-4f0b-a53f-2e11c64b7a96.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The thesis reviews the techniques employed by Latin authors up to the second century A.D. to report the spoken words and articulated thoughts of their characters. The study is principally devoted to continuous narratives of a fictitious kind: epic, 'epyllia' and prose fiction, although some consideration has been given to narratives in other genres for comparative purposes. Several means are at the disposal of a narrator for presenting the discourse of his or her characters. What is supposed to have been said or thought may be conveyed by quotation in direct speech, some form of indirect or free indirect discourse, or by the simple mention that a speech act has occurred. The Introduction sets out the terminology used in this enquiry and surveys the modes of reporting speech in Latin. Some attention is given to the views of ancient literary critics and theorists on speech presentation. The first chapter on martial epic examines the reporting of speech in Virgil and Lucan in particular. The second chapter on poetry reviews epyllion and Ovidian narrative, and compares the practices of authors working in different genres. Divergences in style between authors working in the same genre are also considered: the techniques of four poets who report speech in scenes involving the dictation and delivery of messages are compared. The final chapter treats the prose fiction of Petronius and Apuleius. For all the texts taken into account, it will be shown that concentration on speech presentation can broaden our insight into some fundamental features of Latin narrative.
31
Perotto, Émilie. « La sculpture contemporaine envisagée comme une situation : modes de production, usages et objets ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3052.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce travail de recherche doctorale tend à définir précisément ce que j’appelle une situation sculpturale, en envisageant le médium de la sculpture, historiquement immobile et pérenne, comme le médium de la rencontre tributaire de temporalités diverses. Pour ce faire, ma pratique plastique a été mon terrain premier d’investigation, au sein duquel j’ai pu tester un certain nombre d’hypothèses, dont certaines se sont concrétisées dans mes sculptures les plus récentes, citées dans ce texte. Aussi, une attention particulière à la sculpture contemporaine m’a permis d’ouvrir plus largement mes prospections, qui se sont aussi nourries de pratiques d’artistes et de pensées théoriques historiques. Mes recherches se sont appuyées sur l’étude du rapport que la sculpture peut entretenir avec la vie quotidienne, et les rapports particuliers au temps que cela peut engendrer, aussi bien dans la conception des œuvres, que dans leur perception. Cette réflexion m’a permise d’aborder la sculpture dans son rapport aux objets du quotidien, que ce soit dans leur introduction directe dans les sculptures, dans leur reproduction, mais aussi dans l’usage. En effet, ce dernier point m’a amenée à établir une typologie de ce que je nomme la sculpture d’usage, dont la fonctionnalité n’est pas la finalité, mais une appréhension possible de l’œuvreThis doctorate research tries to define precisely what I term a sculptural situation considering sculpture – ie historically still & perennial – as the meeting point of multiple temporalities. To elaborate this research I took my artistic pratice as a ground to inquire into. I did test several assumptions which have informed my latest works thereafter described. Furthermore, a greater attention was given to contemporary sculpture so as to open wider perspectives drawn from historical artistic practives & theories. I studied the relationship between sculpture & daily life and most specifically their being time-based experiences, as much during the making of the works as when perceived by a spectator. I was then able to study sculpture in relation to everyday objects : either through the introduction of the later in sculptures themselves or their possible reproduction or even the use that can be made of them. I thus established a typology of what I name usable sculpture, whose functionality is not an end in itself but is nevertheless a possible way of experiencing the work of art
32
Nkeungoué, Juimo II Luther. « Étude de commande optimale des systèmes de production en présence des modes dégradés / ». Montréal : École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/etsmtl/fullcit?pMR03064.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thèse (M. Ing.)--École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, 2005."Mémoire présenté à l'École de technologie supérieure comme exigence partielle à l'obtention de la maîtrise en génie mécanique". Bibliogr.: f. [167]-170. Également disponible en version électronique.
33
Nkeungoué, Juimo Ii Luther. « Étude de commande optimale des systèmes de production en présence des modes dégradés ». Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/337/1/NKEUNGOU%C3%89_JUIMO_Luther.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce mémoire traite le problème de la planification de production et de maintenance des systèmes de production. Tout industriel en investissant dans une technologie cherche à rentabiliser son investissement tout en satisfaisant ses clients. Atteindre cet objectif n'est toujours pas évident car les machines sont sujettes à des pannes et réparations aléatoires. Pour pouvoir satisfaire ses clients tout en rentabilisant son investissement, l'industriel doit mettre en place une bonne stratégie de production et une bonne gestion d'équipements par le biais de la maintenance. Cette problématique est complexe à cause du caractère aléatoire des machines. Le problème à résoudre consiste à trouver les stratégies de production et de maintenance qui minimisent le coût total d'opération incluant les coûts de stockage, de pénurie et de maintenance. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons utilisé la théorie de commande stochastique en tenant compte dans notre modèle de la dégradation des machines, qui se traduit par un rejet des pièces non conformes aux normes établies.
34
Normand, Jacques. « Modes de production des fragments dans les collisions d'ions lourds aux énergies intermédiaires ». Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2037.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'étude des mécanismes de réaction dans les collisions d'ions lourds aux énergies de Fermi montre la persistance du caractère binaire de la collision. Les deux sources formées (le quasi-projectile QP et la quasi-cible QC) peuvent se désexciter selon différents modes, de l'évaporation jusqu'à la multifragmentation. Toutefois, la présence de particules légères et de fragments à mi-rapidité complique ce scénario. Ces particules et ces fragments ne peuvent provenir uniquement de la désexcitation statistique du QP et de la QC. Afin d'étudier les mécanismes à l'origine de cette contribution, nous avons analysé les modes de cassure du QP formé dans les collisions Xe+Sn de 25 à 50 MeV/A, Ta+Au et Ta+U à 33 et 39,6 MeV/A et U+U à 24 MeV/A. Ces données ont été obtenues lors des deux premières campagnes du multidétecteur INDRA au GANIL. Le comportement particulier du plus gros fragment ainsi que la corrélation entre la taille et la vitese des fragments nous suggèrent une forte déformation suivie de la rupture d'un col de matière qui s'est formé entre les deux partenaires de la collision. Le plus gros fragment serait la réminiscence du projectile. Une méthode de déconvolution basée sur les distributions angulaires du plus gros fragment nous a permis de séparer les cassures dues à la désexcitation statistique du QP des cassures hors équilibre. Les cassures statistiques représentent entre 30 et 75% des cassures du QP. La comparaison de la composante statistique avec un modèle permet de déterminer le moment angulaire, la température et la taille du QP.
35
Wilkinson, Timothy John. « Modes of engagement with a national landscape : cultural production of Exmoor National Park ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18817.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is a study of the cultural production of Exmoor National Park. It proceeds through analysis of both historical representations of the space called ‘National Park’ and contemporary social processes in which National Park users engage with the landscape. This project draws on a cross-disciplinary range of literature, from local histories of Exmoor, to tourism studies, critical human geography and cultural theory. Empirical material includes primary texts, transcripts from discussion groups and ethnographic experiences. The research unpacks the reproduction of the space called ‘Exmoor National Park’. It traces the composition of this space in historical and contemporary texts, charting the authorised visions of National Parks in metanarratives and official discourses. Through close reading and textual analysis, assumptions and prevailing wisdoms about the territory ‘Exmoor National Park’ are unsettled. The way that National Parks were represented as a space, or territory, is explored in three ways. First, by considering the boundary which defined the space ‘National Park’, second, by exploring the conceptualisation of National Park land and landscape, and third, by examining governance of engagements between National Park users and the terrain. Analysis highlights multiplicity and political striation in the idea of a territory called ‘National Park’. The thesis develops by exploring contemporary National Park users’ narratives of their engagement with Exmoor. . Findings from discussion groups and ethnographic experiences are used to advance an understanding of the ways users organise their enjoyment of Exmoor. These comprise three modes of engagement with the national landscape: processes of connecting, encountering conflict and working. As an ESRC CASE commissioned project, the findings of this research have been applied through the production of a toolkit called From Special Qualities to Special Experiences (ENPA, 2015), in collaboration with Exmoor National Park Authority. This title articulates the shift from a concern with features of the National Park as a territory, towards the social processes in which Exmoor is experienced.
36
Spangler, Pauline E. « Living in (im) material worlds modes of production and consumption in utopian literature / ». Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1249066116/.
Texte intégral
37
Biswas, Moinak 1961. « Historical realism : modes of modernity in Indian cinema, 1940-60 ». Monash University, School of Literary, Visual and Performance Studies, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7582.
Texte intégral
38
Jolly, Roslyn. « History and fiction : modes of narrative in the works of Henry James ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304887.
Texte intégral
39
Orucevic, Fedja. « Production de microtores de silice sur silicium : excitation et caractérisation de leurs modes de galerie ». Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066642.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les microtores de silice sur les puces de silicium sont un nouveau type de microcavités à modes de galerie. Dans la double filiation des microsphères de silice et des microdisques de GaAs, ils en combinent les avantages, soit la très haute surtension des cavités de silice fondue (Q ~ 107 – 109), et les faibles volumes accessibles par les microcavités intégrées (V~ 100*(lambda/N)3), ce qui fait d’eux des composants idéaux pour les expériences d’électrodynamique quantique en cavité et d’optique non-linéaire. L’intégration des microtores découle de leur méthode de fabrication qui implique successivement des étapes de la lithographie et gravure de la silice et du silicium, puis la fusion au laser CO2. Cette thèse décrit successivement les modes de galerie des microcavités toriques, et la méthode de fabrication des microtores. Elle porte ensuite sur la caractérisation, l’excitation et la détection de ces modes. Elle décrit notamment une détection en onde évanescente grâce à des fibres polies selon un plan formant un grand angle avec l’axe optique, en sorte de réaliser l’accord de phase entre la microcavité et la fibre. Ceci permet de sélectionner la fluorescence émise dans les modes de galerie, au détriment de la celle émises dans les modes fuyants. De meilleures sélectivité et efficacité sont obtenues en utilisant des fibres amincies (tapers) que nous avons produites et étudiés en grand détail. Ces résultats permettent d’obtenir un couplage optimal entre les tapers et les modes des microcavités. Le spectre des modes de galerie a ainsi pu être obtenu et comparé aux prédictions théoriques.
40
Burdin, Elsa. « L'atypique : essai de systématisation à partir des modes de production des normes en droit privé ». Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAML053.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Défini comme ce qui est dépourvu de type commun, l'atypique ne peut être perçu que par opposition à une structure référentielle à l'aune de laquelle il se singularise. A ce titre, l'identification de l'atypique ne s'effectue que de façon seconde, n'intervenant qu'après la détermination préalable des structures de référence. Il importe donc de respecter le double mouvement d'analyse fondé sur la dialectique du typique et de l'atypique, de la normalité et de l'anormalité. Décrire les phénomènes perçus comme dérogatoires au sein de la matière juridique nécessite, au préalable, de circonscrire avec précision le cadre d'analyse. Du fait de sa prégnance dans la conception juridique classique, la pyramide kelsénienne a été choisie comme modèle de référence. Impuissante à justifier l'existence de mouvements perturbateurs qui la traversent, la pyramide, érigée en dogme, se révèle incapable de rendre compte de l'ensemble du phénomène normatif. Perçue, en revanche, comme un simple modèle, elle devient un instrument d'analyse fécond en fournissant un cadre typique permettant l'observation du phénomène de l'atypique. Souvent analysé comme une anomalie dans le dysfonctionnement du système juridique, l'atypique devrait être rejeté. Pourtant, il est loin de constituer une telle défectuosité. A certains égards, inhérent à la matière juridique elle-même, l'atypique insuffle dynamique et souplesse au droit. Dérogatoire au regard du fonctionnement et des structures typiques de l'édifice normatif, l'atypique l'est sans conteste : il diverge des schémas traditionnels et s'établit en dehors des procédures officielles de production du droit. L'on ne saurait, toutefois prendre prétexte de cette nature dérogatoire pour le condamner. Loin de constitur l'édifice compact et intangible traditionnelllement décrit, le sytème juridique se révèle, au contraire, capable d'accepter des distorsions dès lors que ces dernières n'en perturbent pas l'essence. Là réside précisément la puissance de l'atypique. Accueilli et intégré dans une structure en considération de laquelle il apparaît divergent, l'atypique a, néanmoins, vocation à devenir typique.
41
Vilhena, Deolinda Catarina França de. « Les modes de production au Théâtre du Soleil à l'aune de la production théâtrale française depuis 1968 : une exception dans l'exception culturelle ? » Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030033.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette étude traite de la place occupée par la production dans l’évolution du Théâtre du Soleil dans le cadre de la production théâtrale française depuis 1968, où le théâtre n’échappe pas aux lois du marché, où l’éthique et l’artistique se diluent dans l’économique. Cette thèse met en lumière la volonté de faire du théâtre autrement à travers une analyse des éléments fondateurs de cette recherche : le choix de travailler en troupe, l’acquisition d’un lieu et la conquête d’un public. L’hypothèse retenue est que, si le Théâtre du Soleil connaît une réussite éclatante auprès du public depuis plus de 40 ans, s’il parvient à survivre en dépit d’obstacles, notamment financiers, liés à l’activité théâtrale, c’est parce qu’il a compris comment articuler des processus de production a priori antagoniques aux confins des logiques privée et publique, et invente en permanence un nouveau mode de faire du théâtre dans ses dimensions juridique, économique, sociale, organisationnelle et artistiqueThis study is about the role of production in the evolution of Théâtre du Soleil within the production system of the French stage since 1968 : theatre cannot evade the laws of the market; ethics and art are subject to economics. This study sheds light on this Company’s will to act differently, by analyzing the basic points of their quest : choosing to work as a troupe, having a home of their own, conquering an audience. Théâtre du Soleil has been tremendously successful with their audience for forty years, and they have managed to survive in spite of obstacles connected with theatrical practice, particularly financial ones. We presume that they have succeeded because they have known how to combine production processes in principle opposed at the border of private and public logics, and because they have been continuously imagining a new way of practising theatre from legal, economic, social, organisational and artistic points of view
42
Ibrahim, Mazher Hassan. « History matching pressure response functions from production data ». Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1486.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation presents several new techniques for the analysis of the long-term production performance of tight gas wells. The main objectives of this work are to determine pressure response function for long-term production for a the slightly compressible liquid case, to determine the original gas in place (OGIP) during pseudosteady state (PSS), to determine OGIP in the transient period, and to determine the effects of these parameters on linear flow in gas wells.
Several methods are available in the industry to analyze the production performance of gas wells. One common method is superposition time. This method has the advantage of being able to analyze variable-rate and variable-pressure data, which is usually the nature of field data. However, this method has its shortcomings.
In this work, simulation and field cases illustrate the shortcomings of superposition. I present a new normalized pseudotime plotting function for use in the superposition method to smooth field data and more accurately calculate OGIP. The use of this normalized pseudotime is particularly important in the analysis of highly depleted reservoirs with large change in total compressibility where the superposition errors are largest.
The new tangent method presented here can calculate the OGIP with current reservoir properties for both constant rate and bottomhole flowing pressure (pwf) production. In this approach pressure-dependent permeability data can be integrated into a modified real gas pseudopressure,m(p), which linearizes the reservoir flow equations and provides correct values for permeability and skin factor. But if the customary real-gas pseudopressure, m(p) is used instead, erroneous values for permeability and skin factor will be calculated. This method uses an exponential equation form for permeability vs. pressure drop.
Simulation and field examples confirm that the new correction factor for the rate dependent problem improves the linear model for both PSS and transient period, whether plotted on square-root of time or superposition plots.
43
Boyle, Jennifer. « Aspects of Christianization in the ecclesiastical province of Trier from 570-630 : a modes theory analysis ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4342/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis examines Christianization in the ecclesiastical province of Trier from 570-630, using both traditional and more recent theoretical approaches. It begins by examining the paradigms and limitations of current approaches both to the Merovingian Church and to the concepts of ‘paganism’ and ‘Christianization’. It then introduces the cognitive science of religion focusing in particular on Harvey Whitehouse’s postulation of ‘doctrinal’ and ‘imagistic’ ‘modes of religiosity’ as a theoretical tool. The subsequent section deals with the cult of saints and the figure of the bishop both in general and in the province, using Whitehouse’s approach as a means of opening these up and allowing parallels to be drawn between the cult of saints and funerary feasting. At the same time, his theory is challenged by the variation within these activities in terms of participants and frequency of occurrence. The complex nature of Merovingian monasticism also presents a degree of challenge to Whitehouse’s perception of medieval monasticism as monolithic. Nevertheless, the application of ideas regarding the imagistic mode to recluses opened up new avenues of discussion. A focus on the ecclesiastical province of Trier suggests that the advent of Columbanian monasticism did not produce an instant surge in the number of rural monasteries in the north-east. Examination of church councils offered a double opportunity for the application of modes theory, both to the contents of the councils and to the institution of the councils themselves. A closer examination of councils in the context of place allows for consideration of regional variation. Modes theory is once again challenged: while councils may appear at first to be a supremely doctrinal phenomenon (involving policing and uniformity), they also involve negotiation, ingenuity and reflection. The paucity of sources for the north east tests the regional approach taken here: but it also encourages questions to be asked regarding the spread of manuscripts and ideas. Modes theory reveals the motivations behind apparently prosaic sermon collections as sophisticated, aiming at the policing of the clergy and laity and ensuring the stability of ‘correct’ doctrine. The section on the Synod of Auxerre dealing with standards amongst the clergy and parish care raises questions regarding the possibility of shared beliefs. An examination of the Life of Goar reveals that although its contents might seem appealing in elucidating more details of parish care, the context of the source called its reliability into question. Finally, an analysis of burial rites via three cemeteries in the province of Trier tested the limits of modes theory, and other cognitive approaches were recruited to examine the impact of the concept of liminality on burial practice. Presentation of geographical and archaeological evidence is discussed it is suggested that more extensive database work would enable comparative regional study, allowing for a closer examination of belief, burial and Christianization. This study concludes that the use of modes theory, together with other insights drawn from the cognitive science of religion, offers an alternative and illuminating approach to Christianization. It suggests that future research should regard this as a valid methodological tool for the analysis of medieval religion. It also suggests that a regional focus would benefit future studies of the Merovingian period.
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Bois, Stéphane. « Intégration de la gestion des modes de marche dans le pilotage d'un système automatisé de production ». Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10113.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La difficulté d'exploitation des systèmes automatisés de production résulte des possibilités de plus en plus riches d'évolution de leurs différentes entités: machines, produit. . . Nous nous sommes ainsi intéressés à la conduite effective des machines en gérant rigoureusement leurs différents modes de marche. L'intérêt est de prendre en compte toutes les contraintes apparaissant lors de l'exploitation d'une unité de fabrication. La démarche générale nous a permis, dans un premier temps, de construire un modèle du procédé, par une analyse ascendante des contraintes de fonctionnement entre machines. La liste exhaustive des contraintes, sur état ou sur changement d'état, a été spécifiée et introduite par la construction de tables. Cette technique de modélisation permet systématiquement, d'aboutir à un modèle arborescent du système de production avec la mise en évidence de ses différents niveaux de commande. Par ailleurs, le comportement individuel de chaque machine, effective ou virtuelle, est décrit à l'aide de graphes d'étatDans un second temps, nous avons montré que l'intégration des tables de contraintes aboutit à une décomposition structurelle et fonctionnelle: elle est obtenue sous la forme d'un schéma arborescent de recherche déductive des modes de marche des différentes machines du procédé. Ce modèle est facilement exploitable peut être utilisé par la suite, en vue du pilotage temps réel de l'unité de production par un raisonnement sur la logique de dépendance ou d'enchaînement de ses modes de marche. L'exploitation de la modélisation nous a amené à étudier le pilotage d'une unité de production flexible. Nous en avons décrit les différentes fonctionnalités et les solutions adoptées pour résoudre tous les problèmes de fonctionnement, qui se répercutent à tous les niveaux de commande. La mise en œuvre d'un logiciel de pilotage, chargé de la gestion automatique des modes de marche, a permis de valider complètement la démarche, avec l'utilisation de techniques d'intelligence artificielle
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Coslado, Elsa. « Etalement urbain et opérations immobilières périurbaines pour classes moyennes à Marrakech : production, peuplement et modes d'habiter ». Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1503/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Depuis la fin des années 1990, la périphérie de Marrakech connaît un étalement urbain sans précédent. Il trouve son origine dans la multiplication des complexes touristiques, mais il est dû aussi au grand nombre d’opérations immobilières périurbaines, en particulier de celles destinées à un segment de clientèle spécifique, les classes moyennes. Ces opérations immobilières sont généralement réalisées dans le cadre de la production de masse de logements, dans un contexte foncier et immobilier tendu et à un moment où se systématisent les pratiques dérogatoires en matière d’urbanisme. Notre thèse examine les pratiques et les discours des promoteurs immobiliers, lesquels se révèlent être en grande partie le résultat d’une lente « construction » rendue possible par les politiques de l’Habitat qui se sont succédé au Maroc depuis l’Indépendance. Des Marrakchis, des Marocains provenant d’autres villes du Maroc, des Marocains résidents à l’étranger et, dans une moindre mesure, des Européens peuplent ces périphéries récentes à fonction « résidentielle » dominante. Les modes d’habiter de cette population hétérogène sont placés sous le signe de la mobilité, mais leur apparente ressemblance n’en cache pas moins bien des nuances, selon que l’on a affaire à des résidents « permanents » ou à des résidents « temporaires »Since the end of the 1990s, unprecedented expansion has taken place on the periphery of Marrakech, Morocco. This urban sprawl is in part due both to the increased number of leisure complexes built for the tourist industry and to the large number of suburban residential developments, in particular those destined for the new urban middle classes. These new neighbourhoods, generally mass produced, were constructed in a tense land and property market at a time when a growing number of exceptions were being allowed within the main planning framework. This thesis examines both the practices and discourses of property developers. In part, these turn out to be the result of a slow shift made possible by the successive changes in the Moroccan State’s housing policy since independence in 1956. Locals (Marrakchis), Moroccans from elsewhere in the country, Moroccan residents abroad and, to a lesser extent, Europeans have settled in the new, largely residential areas on the periphery. Mobility is a key characteristic of this heterogeneous population. There are many nuances within the population’s practices, largely linked to whether the ‘settlers’ are permanent or temporary
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Chassaing, Jacques. « Ordres productifs et instabilité des modes de financement : la fragilite financière comme double contrainte ». Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/chassaing_j.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il s'agit dévaluer les relations entre les formes de la fragilité financière et les ordres productifs et de montrer que la nature de cette fragilité obéit à une structure de double-contrainte. La fragilité financière de l'ordre productif corporatif est la résultante d'un système de réciprocité entre un espace économique stable et un espace politique précaire. Leur articulation obligée mais source d'opposition induit une instabilité chronique. La fragilité financière du capitalisme commercial provient de l'espace économique. Face à la croissance, l'économie rentière s'ouvre à la concurrence pourtant facteur de sa disparition. L'espace légal ne limitant pas les asymétries d'information, l'interaction rente-marché donne sa forme spécifique à la fragilité financière. Le financement du capitalisme émergent s'engage dans la voie de la banque, de ses capacités d'expérimentation et de coordination. L'absence d'un système légal efficient est cependant source d'un hasard moral à l'origine d'une fragilité de l'intermédiation de crédit "côté passif" induisant des paniques. La fragilité financière du capitalisme de maturité présente une dualité. Lorsque l'intermédiation bancaire domine, la croissance favorise une sélection adverse débouchant sur la fragilité de l'intermédiation de crédit "côté actif" source de crises bancaires. Quand le financement de marché se développe, l'asymétrie d'information constitutive du marché en annonce aussi le déséquilibre potentiel par des processus mimétiques de surréaction générant des bulles financières endogènes. Une structure de double-contrainte est toujours mise en évidence pour comprendre les formes historiques de la fragilité financière.
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Laflamme, Valérie. « Familles et modes de résidence en milieu urbain québécois en période d'industrialisation, le cas de la ville de Québec, 1901 ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55771.pdf.
Texte intégral
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Rhozali, Benyounes. « Recherche sur le mode de production au temps des Almohades ». Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010620.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette recherche a pour but d'identifier le mode de production qui prévalait au Maghreb à l'époque almohade. Pour ce faire, nous avons essayé d'expliquer la notion du "mode de production ; cette explication fait connaitre en même temps les trois thèses que les chercheurs arabes s'efforcent de défendre, il s'agit de la thèse féodale, de la thèse asiatique et de la thèse tributaire. Pour les départager, nous avons procédé à une enquête sur la nature du régime foncier et des activités agricoles ; d'où il en est ressorti que la propriété étatique dominait les propriétés collectives et privées, ceci influença les formes d'exploitation de ces terres, et ce qui nous intéresse en premier lieu c'est de savoir que la majorité des terres fut exploitée d'après la notion tributaire ou féodale selon que l'état est fort ou faible. Pour parfaire cette enquête sur la base économique nous nous sommes penchés sur les productions agricoles; industrielles et commerciales d'où il est apparu que les techniques employées étaient honorables, que les rapports de production étaient toujours entre exploite et exploitant, et que la division du travail était très poussée dans plusieurs secteurs, ce qui stimula la production qui augmenta sensiblement et profita d'un marché intérieur très vaste, au détriment du commerce extérieur à long rayon. En ce qui concerne la base sociale, et après désignation de ses composantes, nous nous sommes aperçus que la société maghrébine d'alors connaissait bien la stratification sociale l'issue des conflits sociaux donnait ainsi la primauté au mode de production tributaire ou mode féodal.
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Moreton, Melissa N. « "Scritto di bellissima lettera" : nuns' book production in fifteenth and sixteenth-century Italy ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6480.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation examines the cultural, intellectual and artistic contributions religious women made in the production of secular and religious books in fifteenth and sixteenth-century Italy. It presents the first comparative study of nuns' book production across Italy and introduces new manuscripts to the canon of nuns' bookwork. Though the scholarship of the last fifty years has increased our understanding of the institutional and individual lives of nuns, little research has been done on their production and exchange of texts. Nun-scribes and manuscript painters produced liturgical, devotional and administrative books for use in-house, as well as for secular and religious communities and individuals outside the walls of the convents. Evidence of their bookwork repositions them as active participants in a rich spiritual, intellectual and artistic life and broadens their sphere of activity and influence to include a wide community of secular and religious patrons, artistic collaborators, scholars, family members, and book-buying clientele.
Through a close examination of the material evidence in their manuscripts, this study illustrates how nuns used the production and exchange of texts to further their individual and institutional goals. This dissertation makes an important contribution to the current understanding nuns' spiritual, artistic and intellectual life and practice and significantly reshapes the current understanding of women's education and learning in Renaissance and early modern Italy (1400-1650).
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O'Hara, Suzy. « Collaborations between arts and commercial digital industry sectors : a curatorial practice-led investigation of modes of production ». Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2016. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/8501/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Much work has been done over the past two decades exploring and creating many collaborative, cross-sector environments between arts, computer sciences and research that have supported the production of art, including: new media labs; co- working spaces; media focused gallery spaces; electronic art festivals; and the Internet itself. Less research has been done into the possibilities that exist in collaborations between the arts and commercial digital industries. The combination of two distinct and powerful hierarchical systems has forced a revision of current working practice within each field. This research interrogates the impact of collaborations between the arts and commercial digital industries, and identifies the impact of those collaborations upon curatorial and artistic modes of practice, with a particular focus on production. It identifies some of the inherent value systems, and describes a range of collaborative modes of artistic production that sit along a spectrum of power balances between the arts and commercial digital industry sectors, from Brand Marketing to Artist Practice as Business. The areas of difference in roles and working practices identified through both case studies and curatorial projects include factors such as: Value and Money, Time and Capacity, Crediting and Intellectual Property, and Roles and Working Practices. The curatorial projects include Dear Angel a commission of participatory art which uses both digital and other media, a NESTA Digital R&D for the Arts proposal, and for Thinking Digital Arts, a commission of an artwork by an artist/creative technologist partnership, and a digital (art) hack production workshop. How the curatorial role works in the interface between the arts and commercial digital industries is analysed. The patterns of difference and the power balances identified in the research aim to be useful to other practitioners.