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Horvat, Marijana, et Martina Kramarić. « Retro-Digitization of Croatian Pre-Standard Grammars ». ATHENS JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY 8, no 4 (9 septembre 2021) : 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.8-4-4.
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In this article, we will present the rich linguistic heritage of the Croatian language and our attempts to ensure its preservation and presentation to the general public by means of the "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism ‒ RETROGRAM" project. There is a long tradition of grammatical description in the history of the Croatian language. The first grammar book of the Croatian language was written at the beginning of the 17th century and the first grammar book written in Croatian was compiled in the middle of the 17th century. In later years, when literary and linguistic activity were transferred from the Dalmatian area to the northern and eastern part of Croatia, the Latin model for the description of the Croatian language was still present, even though German was also used. There were a large number of grammars written up to the second half of the 19th century, which are considered pre-standard Croatian grammars. They are the subject of research within the project "Pre-standard Croatian Grammars" at the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics. This research proposal "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism" aims to create a model for the retro-digitization of the chosen eight Pre-standard Croatian Grammars (written from the 17th until the 19th century). The retro-digitization of Croatian grammar books implies the transfer of printed media to computer-readable and searchable text. It also includes a multilevel mark-up of transcribed or translated grammar text. The next step of the project is the creation of a Web Portal of Pre-standard Croatian Grammars, on which both the facsimiles and the digitized text of the grammars will be presented. Our aim is to present to the wider and international public the attainments of the Croatian language and linguistics as an important part of Croatian culture in general. Keywords: pre-standard Croatian grammars, history of the Croatian language, retro-digitization, Extensible mark-up language, Text encoding initiative, web portal of pre-standard Croatian grammars
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K, Jelin Suji, et Mahila Jeni D. « Tamil Vidu Thoothu is a Literary Grammar Expert ». International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-15 (9 décembre 2022) : 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s153.
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Tamil is the oldest language among all world languages. It is an ancient language, and its origin cannot be defined. It is a language that excels in literary grammars. When looking at the history of Tamil literature, many literary genres have emerged according to time, context, and political backgrounds. Literature tells the stories of people's lives. It relates to grammar in Tamil, and literature itself becomes grammar. Tolkappiyam is a book that exemplifies the grammatical system of the Tamil language with distinction. Letter, word, subject matter, prosody, and rhetoric—these five are dealt with in the book Tolkappiyam. There are many books that arose after that ancient, proud, and complete book of Tolkappiyam. This article examines how grammar in literature has gained prominence through the book Tamil Vidu Thoothu.
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M, Kavitha. « Nachinarkiniyar History and Textual Ability ». International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (21 juillet 2022) : 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s834.
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Tamil language and literature have flourished with speeches composed by speechwriters. Are greatly aiding researchers who think innovatively. Texts serve as a bridge between linguistic research and e-literary criticism. The texts convey how the Tamil language has changed over time, as well as the living conditions, political changes and customs of the Tamil people. This article explores the history and textual ability of Nachinarkiniyar. Nachinarkiniyar was a knowledgeable and knowledgeable man of various arts, writing semantics for songs, and also possessing the art of religious ideas, music, drama, etc., which are included in the book. He is well versed in grammar, literature, dictionary, epic and puranam in Tamil. He is well versed in astrology, medicine, architecture, and crops. Nachinarkiniyar, who has written for Tamil grammar books, is well versed in the Vedic and phylogenetic theory of Sanskrit and is a university-oriented scholar of Tamil, Sanskrit scholarship, religious knowledge, land book knowledge, life and biology. This article explores the history and textual ability of Nachinarkiniyar.
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Velykodna, H. V. « ON THE ROLE OF O. P. PAVLOVSKY’S SPELLING SYSTEM IN THE HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE ». Library Mercury, no 1(29) (29 juin 2023) : 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-3335.2023.1(29).280026.
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The problems of evolution of the modern Ukrainian literary language as well as of linguistic normalization are relevant in modern linguistics. The article is devoted to a famous linguist of the 19th century, researcher of the Ukrainian language, author of Grammar book of Little Russian Dialect Oleksiy Pavlovich Pavlovsky (c. 1770/1773 – after 1826). His work is of exceptional importance being the first attempt to systematize the spelling of the Ukrainian colloquial language, which was based on the phonetic principle. The article analyzes and discloses the ownership marks of copies of Grammar book by O. P. Pavlovsky, stored in the Scientific Library of the Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University. The author managed to trace a copy of Grammar book (1818) that entered the library holdings of the Richelieu Lyceum (predecessor of the Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University – until 1865) and three copies of an offset print. Two of the latter belonged to Professor Artemiy Amvrosiyovych Moskalenko and Associate Professor Fyodor Pavlovich Smaglenko, well-known Odessa linguists of the 20th century who kept Grammar book in their personal book collections and used it for their scientific research. Grammar book of the Little Russian Dialect by O. P. Pavlovsky opened a new page in the history of Ukrainian linguistics. Despite certain shortcomings, for a long time it had been the only thorough manual that contained the basics of Grammar and spelling of the modern Ukrainian language. It was O. P. Pavlovsky’s work that laid the foundations for the formation of Ukrainian Grammar books and contributed to the development of the written Ukrainian literary language.
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Carlsmith, Christopher. « Struggling Toward Success : Jesuit Education in Italy, 1540–1600 ». History of Education Quarterly 42, no 2 (2002) : 215–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2002.tb00107.x.
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In a letter to his Jesuit superior in the spring of 1558, John Paul Nicolas, S.J., described a recent argument with the bishop of Perugia:The other day, Tuesday, I breakfasted with his Reverence the Bishop of Perugia; and he said to me that it was important to him and to everyone in Perugia that our school read the Latin grammar book of Christopher Sasso [a professor of rhetoric at the University of Perugia], because when they had seen that we read this and other grammars, they would be very friendly to us and in this way much rancor would be avoided. I responded to him: “Monsignor, being that there are so many grammar books as good as that of Sasso, it does not seem necessary to me to change, especially if Sasso's is no different than the others.” He said: “So much the better that they are not different, it will not be troublesome to you.” I repeated to him that such changes did not seem to me to be a good idea. He said: “Look, it will not be disliked,” adding that he had had experience with it in the past.
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Lukin, Oleg V. « «GERMAN GRAMMAR» BY JACOB GRIMM AND SCHOOL GERMAN GRAMMAR BOOKS IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY ». Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 23, no 4 (2020) : 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-4-23-121-127.
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The article is devoted to the place of J. Grimm's «German grammar» among school German grammar books of the XIX century Germany. The work that appeared at the beginning of the century opened a new page in the history of linguistics – the development of comparative historical language study and the formation of linguistics as a science. The paper provides information on some of the most important German grammar textbooks in Germany of the XIX century, used in secondary schools. They were grammar books by J. Ch. Gottsched, J. Ch. Adelung, J. Ch. A. Heyse, J. G. Radlof, S. G. A. Herling, F. J. Schmitthenner, M. W. Götzinger, etc. The author of the article compares J. Grimm's «German grammar» with the above-mentioned grammar works of that time and puts forward a hypothesis that in the XIX century Germany there appeared an opposition between scientific approach to grammar and that of school grammar books, which, according to the author, reflects dramatically different goals set by both sides. Unlike school textbooks which task is to consistently initiate students into the system of their native language, often on the basis of the matrix created by Alexandrian grammarians, scientific grammar is based on the results of linguistic research and seeks to answer questions about language phenomena. J. Grimm rejected any normative grammar based on logics, that resulting in the aversion on the part of the pedagogical community. Nevertheless, the publication of «German grammar» resulted in appearance of German language textbooks the writers of which tried to build their work on the basis of Grimm’s work, thereby contributing to the popularization of the ideas of the great linguist both among the pedagogical community and the students (A. F. H. Vilmar and K. A. J. Hoffmann).
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Gabowitsch, Mischa. « Visuals in History Textbooks ». Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 15, no 1 (1 mars 2023) : 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2023.150106.
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Abstract This article is based on a bibliographical data set of over 2,600 history textbooks from the post-1945 Soviet Union and eleven out of its fifteen successor states, including books on international, national, and regional or local history. Among these, it analyzes the illustrations used in 450 books that cover the period of the Second World War. Arguing against a reduction of history-related visuals to a “narrative,” this article seeks to contribute to analyzing the visual grammar of history textbooks. It does so by drawing on notions of familiarity developed in French pragmatic sociology and identifies visual techniques used to make pupils approach war memorials in a mode of familiarity rather than critical analysis. Decontextualized presentations of monuments located outside the former Soviet Union turn them into timeless icons experienced via familiarity-as-recognition; monuments shown with surrounding landscapes or on maps turn them into intimately known markers of a Sovietized local identity.
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Jakubczyk, Marcin. « Zapomniana gramatyka języka polskiego Ignacego Trąbczyńskiego (1778) ». Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego LXXVIII, no 78 (31 décembre 2022) : 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2013.
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Autor przedstawia zawartość oraz recepcję pierwszej francuskojęzycznej drukowanej gramatyki języka polskiego (Grammaire raisonnée ou Principes de la langue Polonaise...), stosując przy tym metody ba- dań przyjęte w historii językoznawstwa. Wybrane zagadnienia zawarte w tym dziele zostały omówione na tle wcześniejszej oraz późniejszej refleksji gramatycznej, co pozwoliło stwierdzić, które z nich nawią- zują do tradycji (np. pewne kwestie z zakresu składni), a które są nowatorskie (np. rozumienie czasowni- ków dokonanych i niedokonanych). Zweryfikowane zostały ponadto niektóre opinie na temat tego dzieła, formułowane od początku XIX wieku. Artykuł jest pierwszym w literaturze przedmiotu opracowaniem poświęconym w całości wyłącznie gramatyce I. Trąbczyńskiego. Abstract. Applying research methodology used in the history of linguistics, we present the content and reception of the first printed French-language grammar book of Polish (Grammaire raisonnée ou Principes de la langue Polonaise... [Rational grammar or Principles of the Polish language...]). Selected issues present- ed in this grammar book are discussed in relation to both previous and subsequent grammatical descrip- tions, which allows to determine which of them refer to linguistic tradition (e.g. certain problems in the field of syntax) and which are innovative (e.g. the perception of perfective and imperfective verbs). We also verify selected opinions about the analysed grammar book, formulated since the early 19th centu- ry. The paper is the first study in linguistic literature devoted entirely to Trąbczyński’s grammar.
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Dibbets, Geert R. W. « Dutch philology in the 16th and 17th century ». Historiographia Linguistica 15, no 1-2 (1 janvier 1988) : 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.04dib.
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Summary Within a hundred years the first Dutch vernacular orthographies and grammars were published in the Netherlands, as contributions to the cultivation of the language. In a number of these books the authors assumed the independence of the several Dutch dialects; in other publications we find the tendency towards a cultivated language, or we see that the authors started from the existence of a Refined Standard Dutch. However that may be the orthographists and grammarians aimed at the cultivation of written and spoken Dutch. Generally the grammarians did not pay much attention to two traditional areas of the grammar: orthographia and prosodia, but the etymologia was stressed: the theory of the parts of speech, and – to a lesser degree – the syntaxis. The influence of Latin grammar on Dutch was enormous, but could not prevent particularly van Heule (1633) and Leupenius (1653) from following their own course, for the most part within the traditional framework. In doing so the grammarians based themselves on the language usage, in which the nature of the language was given a concrete form.
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Sims-Williams, Nicholas. « New studies on the verbal system of Old and Middle Iranian ». Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 52, no 2 (juin 1989) : 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0003545x.
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Despite the similar titles of the two books reviewed here, they are very different in aims and scope. While Samadi's book is primarily an etymological dictionary of verb forms, Kellens's is in effect the first volume of a comprehensive Avestan grammar, as a companion to which the author promises ‘ in the near future' (p. 435) a complete lexicon of the Avestan verb. What they do have in common, in addition to the relationship in subject-matter indicated by their titles, is a comprehensiveness which ensures that they will both become standard works of reference. It is this characteristic above all which seems to justify reviewing them in more than usual detail.
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Prabakaran, T., et L. Sundaram. « Tamiḻkkāppu Iyam - An Adaptation and Exclusion of Grammatical Concepts of Tolkāppiyam and Naṉṉūl ». Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no 2 (1 octobre 2021) : 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i2.4424.
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In the history of Tamil grammar, there are many significant grammar books after the advent of Tholkappiyam and Nannul. In line with that, M. Kasuman’s Tamil Kappu Iyam, published in 2005, is one among them. This article attempts to throw light on whether Tamil Kappu Iyam can be treated as the modern version of Tholkappiyam, apart from this, It also endeavours to bring out where the author has adopted the old grammatical concepts as found in Tholkappiyam and Nannul, what are the grammatical concepts have been modified and what are the new grammatical concepts introduced by him.
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M, Praburam. « Parable and Metaphor in Thiruvasagam ». International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-13 (21 novembre 2022) : 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1338.
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The Tamil language has a long literary history, grammatical richness, and cultural richness. The Tamil language is considered to be the oldest language in the world with grammar books like Tolkappiyam, Nannool, Agam, Puram and Moral literature books like Patinenmelkanakku, Patinenkilkanakku, and devotional literature books like Panniru Thirumaraikal and Nalayiram Thiruppadalkal. The twelve Saiva Thirumaraikal are prominent in the devotional literature of the Tamil language. Out of these Panniru Thirumaraikal, the eighth Thirumarai is composed of Thiruvasagam and Thirukkovaiyar, sung by Vadhavooradikal, and praised by the classical Tamil world. This article examines some of the parables and metaphors that are dealt with by Manickavasagar in Thiruvasagam.
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Al Fudiah, Nurul, Septia Solihati, Uril Bahruddin et Arif Taufiqurrahman. « تطبيق منهج تعليم النحو لدى طلبة المستوى الخامس في جامعة الراية بسوكابومي ». Kalamuna : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 4, no 1 (31 janvier 2023) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52593/klm.04.1.01.
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The curriculum is an inseparable element of education. It consists of learning objectives, content, methods, and assessments. In learning Arabic, especially grammar, these four elements are inseparable from the learning process. This study aims to: (1) Describe the implementation of the grammar curriculum in fifth-year students of Al-Raya Sukabumi University (2) Know the inhibiting factors in grammar teaching among fifth-year students at Al-Raya Sukabumi University (3) Know the evaluation of the grammar curriculum among fifth semester students at A r-Raayah University Sukabumi. This research uses a qualitative approach. As for the results of the study: One of the objectives of teaching grammar for the fifth level is to prevent errors in the Qur'an and fiqh and sharia. The learning content is "Al-Tawabi' and Bab Rafa' as well as Nasab and Jar" from the explanation of Alfiya Ibn Malik by Muhammad Ali Al-Sultani and the method of education is inductive. As for the assessment, it is with midterm and final exercises and exams. In conclusion, the formulation of educational goals and the selection of content with the help of books and methods in the light of what students are capable of. From this aspect, the ability of lecturers is highlighted to achieve a successful learning process.
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Lukin, Oleg V. « Admiral Shishkov, General Akhverdov, Major Shchulepnikov and «Russian Grammar» by J. S. Vater ». Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, no 25 (2021) : 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-2-25-86-91.
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The article is devoted to the history of writing «Russian Grammar» by the famous German linguist J. S. Vater. It analyzes the peculiarities of his scientific activity and the prerequisites for the appearance of his Russian Grammar from the standpoint of narrative linguistic historiography. Modern narrative linguistic historiography pays particular attention to the periods right before the appearance of new linguistic paradigms. Such was the period of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when the main experts on the Russian language in the Russian Empire, for various reasons, were Germans, and Russian grammars written by German authors became the most common Russian language textbooks.J. S. Vater is known in the history of linguistics not only as a disciple and successor of J. C. Adelung, but also as one of the founders of Slavic studies, the author of «Practical Grammar of the Russian Language» and «The Book for Reading in the Russian Language». The appearance of J. S. Vater's works was associated with such Russian military and political figures as A. S. Shishkov, N. I. Akhverdov and M. S. Schulepnikov, who also contributed to the development of Russian culture and Russian linguistics, as well as with his teacher's nephew F. P. Adelung. J. S. Vater published his very first grammar of the Russian language in 1808 in Leipzig. In this work, he relied on the «Russian grammar for Germans» published in Moscow in 1789 by J. Heym, professor of the Faculty of Linguistics at Moscow University
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Navest, Karlijn. « Marginalia as evidence ». Historiographia Linguistica 34, no 1 (18 juin 2007) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.34.1.02nav.
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Summary This article provides a detailed study of the annotations in the two Winchester College copies of Robert Lowth’s (1710–1787) Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762) which R. C. Alston used for his facsimile edition (1968). Alston believed that one of the copies belonged to Lowth and that the other copy was used for the second edition of the grammar in 1763. My article, however, demonstrates that this was not the case. It present arguments that serve to identify the owner of the second copy, and it demonstrates that there is one feature in his language the historical development of which was very likely due to influence from Lowth’s grammar. From a wider perspective, this article will highlight the extent to which contemporary readers responded to books they owned by including annotations in them.
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Yatsenko, Nina. « Dynamics of linguistic lexicon of Vasyl Simovych : in search of “it” and “stranger” ». Ukrainska mova, no 3 (2023) : 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2023.03.044.
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In the article is investigational the linguistic terms (in particular morphological) validified in “Practical grammar of Ukrainian” (in 1918) and “Grammar of Ukrainian for self-training and in a help to school science” (in 1921) of Vasyl Simovych. The circumstances of the personal interest of linguist are found out by the questions of language, terminology, her by a national spirit in the separate articles of linguist. Unusual history of writing of grammatical works is reflected. Certainly and the concept of morphology is described, them terminological expression in the marked grammars of Vasyl Simovych, description of morphological terms is done. Comparison is carried out with modern scientific sources. Self research of certain term system in diachrony and synchrony it is allowed to understand process of development of linguistic terminology. Influence of language personality of Vasyl Simovych is shown, in particular his labours consideration of that is actual in the context of modern problems of becoming of Ukrainian terminology. Lingistic terminoiogy of the Ukrainian language was formed in grammatical publications from the end of the XVI century to the beginning of the XX century, is being improved now. Observing this process in general will make it possible to distinguish the role of V. Simovych in the process of forming a linguistic terminology system, which preserves the terms developed by tradition, and contributed to its formation. “Practical Grammar of the Ukrainian language” and “Grammar of the Ukrainian language” for-study and for the help of school science” by V. Simovych are textbooks that sought to teach the student of grammar of the native language through a conscious and accessible understanding of what the illustrative material of the study book contributed to terminology. The workend material will serve as a basis for studies in Ukrainian terminology, will promote the normalization and orbering of a specific terminology system. It can be used to compile a dictionary of linguistic terms of the end of end of the XIX — beginning of the XX century, which functioned in Western and Eastern Ukrainian grammars. The obtained information will supplement training courses of historical grammar, history of language, as well as special courses of the history of Ukrainian linguistics, historical terminology for students of philology. Keywords: language personality, V. Simovych, national terminology, term formation, grammar, parts of speech, diachrony and synchrony, linguistic terms, linguistic terminology system of V. Simovych, qualification work.
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Husen, Usman. « تعليم اللغة العربية بالأحاديث النبوية (تطبيق المنهاج المتكامل) ». لسـانـنـا (LISANUNA) : Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Arab dan Pembelajarannya 10, no 1 (27 août 2020) : 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ls.v10i1.7808.
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An integrated curiculum lessons has taken place in the history of Islamic education in the middle century. At that time, many scholars integrated a number of knowledges in their books to reviewed the material deeply. In the modern world now has felt the integration of language curriculum into Islamic religious knowledge is need. So this maqalah tries to put forward of teaching Arrabic that is integrated with hadith lesson. Thus, the students apply Arabic grammar in various disciplines of knowledge, as hadith, and also makes it easy for them to understand the purpose of the hadith or other Islamic knowledge. Teachers who apply Arabic grammar in the hadith texts at the same time they teach two fields of knowledge
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A, Santhi. « Rama Subramanian Uraill Paadauruvaakangal ». International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (19 juin 2021) : 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s132.
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It is only after the books appeared in the early days and were given verbally for a long time that the history of the origin of the Theocratic Text reveals. Written books were also written in palm leaves in the early days. In such a way, it was written without being dotted, without any distinction between the mark-needle, the one-horn-double horn, and the junction undivided. This led to various confusions in the reading and understanding of it by the following. Everyone began to interpret according to their will. This led to differences in subject symmetry and changes in the structure of the book. There are also differences in the composition of the ancient grammar book, tholkappiyam. The early speakers of tholkappiyam were ilampuranar, Prof. senavaraiyar, Deivachchilaiyar, Nachinarkiniyar, Galladar and palaya uraikarar There are many differences in the text between these contemporaries, and wrote the text for the twentieth-century epic. This article sets out to explore how Rama., Subramaniam differs from them in terms of syllabus and nurpa structure.
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Zabarah, Hana. « From Description to Prescription ». Historiographia Linguistica 44, no 1 (21 juillet 2017) : 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.44.1.04zab.
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Summary Once the need to learn a language arises, grammatical instructional manuals evolve from descriptive grammars of that language. Language description involves the uncovering of the rules of the language from collected data, and teaching those rules is the reason grammatical manuals exist. The most comprehensive descriptive grammar of Arabic is Sībawayhi’s Kitāb (d. ca.161–94 AH/777–810 A.D.). He includes the rules of Arabic as he deduced them from the language of the Arabs. As time passed and the need to learn Arabic increased, many grammarians started to write grammatical manuals for beginners. Sībawayhi’s monumental work was too speculative and highly theoretical for this task and was never suitable for instruction. The descriptiveness of Sībawayhi’s Kitāb needed to morph into a more approachable grammar. Zağğāğī’s Ğumal (d. ca.337–340/948–951) and Ibn Bābašāḏ’s Muqaddima (d.469/1077) are two instructional manuals that are concise and more suitable for beginners. This study examines how pedagogy in Zağğāğī’s Ğumal and Ibn Bābašāḏ’s Muqaddima evolved from the descriptive rules of Sībawayhi’s Kitāb through a careful analysis of istiṯnā’ “exception” rules presented by each grammarian in this study. Although the rules are essentially the same in all three books, presentation and description or lack thereof are sufficiently different illustrating their distinct objectives.
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FAHD, Jaber Jerboa. « MORPHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSMITTED FROM THE WORDS OF ARABS AND SCHOLARS ». International Journal Of Education And Language Studies 01, no 01 (1 décembre 2021) : 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2791-9323.1-1.3.
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The morphological reasoning is based on what was transmitted from the words of Arabs and scholars and how were the manifestations of development in this explanation. It came from that story. Then I moved on to those who came after them from among the scholars of grammar and morphology, and shed light on their interest in explanation and their interest in it, and how their books and compilations were full of explanation for all the issues raised in them. Morphological explanations, which are concerned with explanations for morphological issues exclusively. This research came in varying formats, and this matter was imposed by the nature of the scientific material in it. For morphological issues in particular, the research material focused on the second topic, which was specialized in explanation in the morphological books that were classified in the first five centuries of the history of Arabic grammar, so it was necessary to divide it into two sections that branched into other branches and divisions. Key words: Morphological Explanation; Scholars; Words of Arabs.
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Musthofa, Tulus, et Zulfa Amalia Wahidah. « Psycholinguistics in Arabic Learning : History and Urgency ». ALSINATUNA 6, no 1 (16 décembre 2020) : 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/alsinatuna.v6i1.2946.
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This study is expected to minimize the stigma attached to the students’ minds about the complexity in the structure and grammar of Arabic, as well as the difficulty of finding the Arabic equivalent in Indonesian. These difficulties can be resolved through psycholinguistic understanding. This study tried to describe solutions to problems in learning Arabic as a second language based on a psycholinguistic perspective. This article offers three principles that guide successful language learning. They are principles of education, psychology, and linguistics. This study used a qualitative method with a library research. The main references included books, journals, articles, proceedings, and researches related to the role of psycholinguistics in Arabic learning. The results of psycholinguistic studies are widely used to understand students’ second-language learning in formal education. The scope of psycholinguistics has proven to be very beneficial for language learning.
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Fens–De Zeeuw, Lyda. « The HUGE presence of Lindley Murray ». English Today 34, no 4 (25 septembre 2018) : 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078418000354.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The grammarian Lindley Murray (1745–1826), according to Monaghan (1996), was the author of the best selling English grammar book of all times, calledEnglish Grammarand first published in 1795. Not surprisingly, therefore, his work was subjected to severe criticism by later grammarians as well as by authors of usage guides, who may have thought that Murray's success might negatively influence the sales figures of their own books. As the publication history of the grammar in Alston (1965) suggests, Murray was also the most popular grammarian of the late 18thand perhaps the entire 19thcentury, and this is most clearly reflected in the way in which a wide range of 19th- and even some 20th-century literary authors, from both sides of the Atlantic, mentioned Lindley Murray in their novels. Examples are Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852), George Eliot (Middlemarch, 1871–2), Charles Dickens, in several of his novels (Sketches by Boz, 1836;Nicholas Nickleby, 1838–9;The Old Curiosity Shop1840–1;Dombey & Son, 1846–8); Oscar Wilde (Miner and Minor Poets, 1887) and James Joyce (Ulysses, 1918) (Fens–de Zeeuw, 2011: 170–2). Another example is Edgar Allen Poe, who according to Hayes (2000) grew up with Murray's textbooks and used his writings as a kind of linguistic touchstone, especially in his reviews. Many more writers could be mentioned, and not only literary ones, for in a recent paper in which Crystal (2018) analysed the presence of linguistic elements in issues ofPunchpublished during the 19thcentury, he discovered that ‘[w]heneverPunchdebates grammar, it refers to Lindley Murray’. Murray, according to Crystal, ‘is the only grammarian to receive any mention throughout the period, and his name turns up in 19 articles’ (Crystal, 2018: 86). Murray had become synonymous with grammar prescription, and even in the early 20thcentury, he was still referred to as ‘the father of English Grammar’ (Johnson, 1904: 365).
23
McCAWLEY, JAMES D. « Newmeyer's cyclic view of the history of generative grammar ». Journal of Linguistics 35, no 1 (mars 1999) : 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226798007348.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Frederick J. Newmeyer, Generative linguistics: a historical perspective. London: Routledge, 1996. Pp. x+218.In this book (henceforth, GL), Newmeyer has collected 11 of his articles (including two co-authored ones), two of them previously unpublished, on the history of generative grammar, supplemented by reprints of two sections of Newmeyer 1986.
24
Yılmaz, Hacı. « Evaluating of Arabic gramer teaching method of education set named Silsiletü’l-Lisan ». Journal of Human Sciences 16, no 3 (13 juillet 2019) : 721–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i3.5715.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent years, Turkey has become more important than ever in Arabic. In order to be able to read religious texts before, with the knowledge of Arabic, there is a need for qualified personnel who know Arabic in many of the official institutions due to economic, political and cultural reasons. It is not easy for non-Arab societies to acquire these skills. The Turks are a nation that later met with non-Arab Arabic. The relationship of Turks with Arabic dates back centuries. Although Turks never forget their own language, they did not use Turkish as a state language with the influence of Arab culture and civilization. In addition, the Ottomans, not only in the homeland; The school opened its doors to four corners of the empire. In almost every age of our history, Arabic has always found its place in our education system for different reasons, especially for religious reasons.
In this study, the grammar teaching method of ral Silsiletul-Lisan lar which was prepared by the educational institution Arap el-Lisanu'l-Umm er in the United Arab Emirates, which was taught in private courses and later in the preparatory classes of the university, has been studied in our country since 2013/14. . Set consists of eight books, the first two books sekiz The Beginning ”, the third and the fourth book kitabı Introduction sekiz, the five and sixth books are“ Intermediate cı, the seven and the eighth books are “Advanced ve.
In the examination, önce Silsiletu'l-Lisan sır Arabic education set has been successful in terms of grammar teaching despite some deficiencies, with the completion of the set, the subjects will be completed, the grammar activities should be increased, the reading pieces should be selected to include the grammar subjects and the basic subjects should be given before the topics In addition, it was concluded that a grammar book may have to be followed in addition to such a set.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Son yıllarda Türkiye’de Arapça her zamankinden daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Önceleri dinî metinleri okuyabilmek için öğrenilen Arapça, günümüzde ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel sebeplerden dolayı resmi kurumların birçoğunda aranılan dil haline gelmiştir. Arap olmayan toplumların bu dili öğrenmeleri çok kolay olmamaktadır. Türkler de Arap olmayan ve Arapçayla sonradan tanışan bir millettir. Türklerin Arapça ile olan ilişkisi asırlar öncesine dayanmaktadır. Türkler, kendi dillerini hiçbir zaman unutmasalar da Arap kültür ve medeniyetinin etkisiyle Türkçeyi devlet dili olarak kullanmamışlardır. Ayrıca Osmanlılar, sadece anavatanda değil, imparatorluğun dört bir yanına açtıkları medreselerde de öğretimi Türkçe yerine Arapça olarak yapmışlardır. Tarihimizin hemen her çağında başta dinî olmak üzere değişik nedenlerle Arapça daima eğitim sistemimizin içinde kendisine yer bulmuştur.
Bu çalışma, ülkemizde 2013/14 yıllarından beri önceleri özel kurslarda daha sonraları ise üniversitelerin hazırlık sınıflarında okutulan ve Birleşik Arap Emirliklerinde bulunan “el-Lisanu’l-Umm” adlı eğitim kurumunca hazırlanan “Silsiletul-Lisan” isimli eğitim setinin dilbilgisi öğretim metodu ele alınmıştır. Set, ilk iki kitabı “Başlangıç”, üç ve dördüncü kitabı “Giriş”, beş ve altıncı kitabı “Orta Seviye”, yedi ve sekizinci kitabı ise “İleri Düzey” olmak üzere sekiz kitaptan oluşmaktadır.
Yapılan incelemede, “Silsiletu’l-Lisan” Arapça eğitim setinin bazı eksikliklerine rağmen dilbilgisi öğretimi açısından başarılı olduğu, setin bitimiyle beraber konuların tamamlanacağının anlaşıldığı, dilbilgisi etkinliklerinin artırılmasının gerekliliği, okuma parçalarının dilbilgisi konularını içerecek şekilde seçilmesi ve konuların sıralamasında temel konuların daha önce verilmesi gerektiği, aksi taktirde hiç gerek yokken böyle bir sete ek olarak bir dilbilgisi kitabı takip edilmek zorunda kalınabileceği sonuçlarına varılmıştır.
25
Kliment, The Metropolitan of Kaluga and Borovsk (G Kapalin). « Holy Hierarch Innokenty (Veniaminov) and the Formation of Book Culture of Aleuts ». Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no 5 (9 septembre 2009) : 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2009-0-5-72-79.
Texte intégralRésumé :
St. Innokenty, missioner and enlightener of Alaska people, arrived as a young priest to serve on the island of Unalaska. He aimed to translate into the Aleutian language and publish theological books, the Gospel and liturgical texts so that to wake the local population to the Christian faith. The history of the first and second translation into the Aleutian language of the Catechism, its publication and also the creation by St. Innokenty of alphabet and grammar of the Aleutian language, the translation of the Gospel and liturgical texts and his own writing entitled “Indication of the Way into the Kingdom of Heaven”. The significance of his work on translating and publishing books is shown.
26
Musrifah, Musrifah. « Literatur (kepustakaan) keislaman dalam konteks pesantren ». IQRA` : Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi (e-Journal) 12, no 1 (14 août 2018) : 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/iqra.v12i1.1857.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Universally, Islamic literature existing in boarding schools is preserved and passed down from generation to generation directly related to the religious sciences as inherited to Islamic society by past priests in the past called "yellow books". The books cover very short text to text composed of bold volumes of Arabic Grammar, Tajwid, Logic, Fiqh and Ushul Fiqh, Aqidah, Tafsir of the Qur'an, Hadith and Hadith Science, Morals and Sufism, History of Life Prophet and a tribute to the Prophet. For the yellow book format, although the advancement of printing technology is currently evolving, the yellow book format, the prints are still the same as they used to be, that is, generally not bound or wrapped in leather covers and yellow paper. Because to maintain physical characteristics that generally contain symbolic meanings, which seem to be more classical. The yellow book composed by earlier scholars or Islamic literature has not changed in terms of its contents, since the author or scholar who has been inhabited and his wisdom is no doubt, the scholars are the heirs of the Prophet, and so on. In addition, the yellow book functioned also by the boarding school as a reference in addressing all life challenges, as well as an arena of innovation to face the modern world.<br />Keywords: literature, islam, pesantren</p>
27
Kareva, Natalia V., et Miliausha G. Sharikhina. « Academic Translator Vasily Teplov ». Slovene 4, no 2 (2015) : 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.2.4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this paper is to outline the career of Vasily Teplov during his time at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, with a special focus on his approach to translation. The first attempts at translating foreign books at the Russian Academy of Sciences were undertaken shortly after its foundation, and the number of translated books increased significantly in a short period of time. Because there were so few translators at the Academy, issues relating to the environment in which their training was carried out deserve special attention. Our focus on Teplov is motivated by the fact that he prepared a translation of the New French Grammar, the first Russian printed grammar manual of the French language; his translation was published in 1752. The conditions and circumstances in which the New French Grammar was prepared are important in establishing translation activities at the Academy in the middle of the 18th century. Our study is based on published and unpublished materials stored in the collections of the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As we do not encounter any references to Teplov in documents from the Academy before the early 1760s, our study of Teplov’s life and activity does not purport to be complete—indeed, it proposes further research in this field. We also provide some pieces of information regarding the life and customs of academic society in the middle of the 18th century.
28
Percy, Carol. « Disciplining Women ? : Grammar, gender, and leisure in the works of Ellenor Fenn (1743–1813) ». Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 33, no 1-2 (2006) : 109–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.33.1-2.08per.
Texte intégralRésumé :
On the basis of an analysis of works for children published by Ellenor Fenn (1743–1813) in the 1780s, an argument is offered concerning the significance of English grammar to the domestic education of elite boys and girls. The topic is contextualized in overviews of the high social value of grammar and of the maternal educator, idealized for her ‘civilizing’ influence, especially on men. Some elite mothers were criticized by Fenn and her contemporaries for preferring public life to domestic responsibility or for indulging their children. While acknowledging the difficulties of child-rearing and the challenges to women’s domestic authority, Fenn and others spell out the consequences of failing to train young males in particular. The author argues that educational toys and age-graded books like Fenn’s encouraged loving mothers to socialize their children while simultaneously displaying their wealth. Grammar, because of its associations with order, was central to this domestic curriculum. While not overtly challenging conventional gender roles, Fenn represented ‘sprightly’ young females not as intellectually superficial but as naturally quick to learn and playfully able to teach young males and females. Their pedagogical duties justified young women’s education and granted women educators domestic authority and public importance.
29
Noccioli, Carlos Alexandre Molina, et Giovanna Maria Abrantes Carvas. « Gramática : ensino da disciplina metalinguística na cultura ocidental brasileira ». História da Ciência e Ensino : construindo interfaces 20 (29 décembre 2019) : 598–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp598-609.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Resumo Este artigo é parte de um estudo histórico e comparativo acerca do ensino de língua padrão enquanto ciência linguística, inserido na tradição ocidental do fazer gramática. Discorremos a partir de um resgate da história em torno da disciplina gramatical desde a Antiguidade Clássica, a fim de estabelecermos pontos de contato com uma gramática brasileira situada no pós-NGB (Nomenclatura Gramatical Brasileira), especialmente o livro Sintaxe clássica portuguêsa de Cláudio Brandão.Palavras-chave: História, Ensino de gramática, perduração ideológica Abstract This article is part of a historical and comparative study of standard language teaching as a linguistic science, embedded in the Western tradition of grammar making. We draw from a rescue of history around grammar discipline since Classical Antiquity, in order to establish points of contact with a Brazilian grammar located in the post-NGB (Brazilian Grammatical Nomenclature), especially the Cláudio Brandão’ book Sintaxe clássica portuguêsa. Keywords: History, Grammar teaching, ideological perduring
30
Sheldon, Kathleen. « “Rats Fell from the Ceiling and Pestered Me:” Phrase Books as Sources for Colonial Mozambican History ». History in Africa 25 (1998) : 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172193.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Conversation manuals and phrase books offer a window into the worldview of those who compile them, and might provide clues about society at large as well. Because they focus on ordinary conversation and verbal interactions, the inclusion of particular topics and sentences indicates what issues were important to the person who compiled the phrase book and might furnish information about everyday life at the time of publication. Information may be gleaned not only from the actual phrases, but from the organization of the book, verb forms, and other less obvious indicators.Contemporary examples include phrase books in the United States that present basic terms related to housekeeping or construction for English-speakers who hire Spanish-speaking workers. Another example is from Joseph Lelyveld, who found the apt title for his book Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black and White, in a Fanagalo phrase book. The excerpt “Move your shadow” was part of a set of orders for white golfers to use with African caddies, and was emblematic of white attitudes toward blacks during the apartheid era.In this paper I look at the kind of social and historical information that can be extracted from phrase books compiled during the colonial era in Mozambique. Phrase books differ from dictionaries and grammars because they provide an idiosyncratic list of topics and sentences deemed important to daily life by the compiler.
31
Gjoshi, Ragip. « Chronicle of Designing of Textbooks – ABC Books, Reading Comprehension and Grammar Books in Albanian Language in Kosovo 1886 – 2019 ». European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 6, no 3 (25 septembre 2019) : 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i3.p44-52.
Texte intégralRésumé :
According to the pedagogue and scholar of the school textbooks, the textbook is a basic and mandatory school book, which serves as a basic tool and source of knowledge in the given field of study. Created in support of the education curriculum and didactically shaped, taking into account the psychophysical skills of the students, the subject matter of the course, the type of school, the degree and the profile of education. Students use it in all stages of the learning process and in everyday self-education. It is known that the existence of the scripture is mentioned by the old Babylonia when tile plates were used to write the textual content, as early as four thousand years ago. In addition to that, in ancient Egypt, the texts were written in papyrus, which was used even in old Greece and later in Rome. The parchment was used in the middle Ages, whereby it is believed that the texts were written two thousand years ago. The story of the proper text begins with the discovery of Jan Gutenberg's printing press in 1438. This is where the textbook as a massive book of education derives from. It was an epochal discovery. Meanwhile, while it is known that although Albanian is one of the oldest languages in Europe, it is however documented late. The first documents of the Albanian language are considered from the 15th century (Formula e Pagëzimit, Fjalorthi i A.Von Harfit dhe Perikopeja e Shen Matineut). Meanwhile, Buzuku (Meshari 1555), for us Albanians, is the starting point for text design. It was the time when the didactic reformer Czech pedagogue Jan Amos Komenski (1592-1670), with the first text in Latin, illustrated Orbis sensualium pictus (The Sensual World in Photography), arrived as the founder of the textbook theory. However, it can be concluded that the ABC book, the literature and grammar texts in particular, and the textbook in general, in Kosovo were of multiple importance to Albanians who were deprived of the right to education in Albanian language. The history of textbook design in Albanian language in Kosovo is very new. After the Renaissance, which was marked as a bright epoch in the effort to draft textbooks for Albanian schools, "The Literary Commission" (Komisia Letrare), established in Shkodra in 1916 would join to serve in the name of this cause. The aim of this body was to gather and publish the visions of Albanian folk literature such as: poetry and songs, tales, traditions, lessons, etc. Recently, efforts have been made to compile literary bibliographies in Albanian language. Nevertheless, it would be useful to continue with a bibliography of Albanian Language reading comprehension books in the school tradition in Albania, Kosovo and other areas where Albanians live and are educated in Albanian language. In Kosovo, Mati Logoreci is a pedagogue, is considered to be among the first textbook writers. This patriot and intellectual is a treasure of Albanian tradition in many fields, especially of education and school, as didactic, text analyst, organizer, controversial to highlight scientific, educational, social values. Mati Logoreci has an indisputable value in the history of the Albanian didactic thinking, in particular, the current educational values, adding to these values also some features of contemporary personality traits, traditional learning, within the learning methods. Logoreci was among the first Albanian educators in Kosovo. The path to development of the book in Albanian language in Kosovo was difficult, which at the same time is the best indicator of the situation of this group of the Albanians.
32
Pozdeeva, Irina, et Maksim Kuldo. « Documents from the Archive of the Office of Book Printing Concerning the Educational Work of the Moscow Printery, 1615-1700 ». Исторический журнал : научные исследования, no 1 (janvier 2020) : 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.1.31750.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research subject of this study is the educational work of the Moscow printery in 1615-1700, the effectiveness of which is assessed through the prism of its preparation and publication of educational books. Upon writing this article, the author applied the historical-comparative and historical-typological methods, as well as undertook a cliometric analysis of archive data. The paper presents the results of a study conducted over the course of many years and based on the material from the Office of Book Printing (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, collection 1182) concerning textbook printing in Moscow in the 17th century, including Alphabet books, Horologions and Training Psalters. Based on the discovered documents, it was possible to compile the first, and at the moment most complete and reliable, repertoire of publications made by the Moscow printery in 1615-1700, which includes 631 titles. The author documented 60 editions of Alphabet books, 72 - Horologions and 58 - Training Psalters. Together they make up about a third of all publications by the Moscow printery in the studied period. Their total print number amounted to 640,366 copies, which were sold at affordable prices to a wide range of people. This has allowed the author to uncover the real aims and methods of Moscow book printing, which fully furbished Russian society with books for literacy and education. The article also analyzes the “Directions for the Teacher”, which is a methodological tool for teaching children the Russian language, and the Grammar Book of Meletius Smotrytsky, both published by the Moscow printery in the middle of the 17th century. These publications laid the foundation for the study and teaching of the Church Slavonic language in the indicated period of Russian history.
33
Montanay, E. A. « History of the development ofdictionaries and dictionaries ofthe Turkic language ». Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 134, no 1 (2021) : 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2021-134-1-122-129.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article provides a comprehensive scientific and theoretical study of the types of dictionaries and their use from the earliest times of the Turkic languages to the present day. After the adoption of Islam, Arabic and Persian became one of the most important languages. Later, with the development of science in the West, the use of Latin and Greek languages became a trend. The article describes the internal structure and features of dictionaries used in the Ottoman era and the Turkic world. It also explains the importance of dictionaries in the Chagatai language. Dictionaries ensure thepreservation ofthe country as a nation, the steady transfer ofthe spiritualriches of people to the future.The author considers that grammar books and dictionaries are two important factors that preserve the grammatical rules and system of the language. The dictionaries of a particular language are valuable historical monuments as a study of the nature of the language of that time, as evidence ofthe level ofdevelopment ofdoctrines, andauxiliarydata showing the activevocabulary ofthattime
34
Karlina, Oksana. « THE ATTEMPT TO RECONSTRUCT THE LIBRARY OF THE KREMENETS BASILIAN MONASTERY OF THE FIRST DECADES OF THE XIX CENTURY ». Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series : History, no 1 (46) (27 juin 2022) : 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.257543.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article attempts to reconstruct the genre and thematic composition of the library of the Kremenets Basilian Monastery, which was formed in the early 1820s, based on an analysis of the visitation protocol, in which a significant part is a description of the monastery library. At the beginning of the XIX century, the library had 2,156 volumes (1,241 works) published in the XVI–XVIII centuries and until 1821. Of these, 508 works (41%) date from the second half of the XVIII century. The presence in the library of 283 works (23%) published in 1801–1821 indicates that the library continued to be regularly replenished with new books. The geography of the publications covered the cities of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Germany, Austria, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Kyiv, Moscow, and Saint Petersburg. The basis of the library were works in Polish and Latin, numbered 640 and 440, respectively (52% and 35%). There were only 54 (4%) Cyrillic editions. The entire book collection is divided into thematic sections: Holy Scripture, divinity, law (civil and canonical), "books of ascetics," homiletics, philosophy, physics and mathematics, chemistry, geography, economics, history, rhetoric and poetics, "letters," grammar, medicine. In terms of the number of works, the largest is the section "History," which includes periodicals published in Warsaw and Vilnius in the early nineteenth century and fiction of instructive content. It is noted that many works by ancient authors, textbooks in many mathematical disciplines, dictionaries, phrasebooks, and grammars in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Polish, German, French, and Russian were kept in the monastery library. The conclusion is that the themes of the monastery library in Kremenets in the early XIXth century reflected the state of the rich spiritual life of the Basilians, which closely combined the traditions of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. The Basilians, through preaching and missionary activity, indeed spread and consolidated in society the spiritual and moral values that they nurtured within the walls of the monastery. The library in general, reflected the development of education, science, art, and contemporary socio-political thought in the Ukrainian lands.
35
Percy, Carol. « Disciplining women ? » New Approaches to the Study of Later Modern English 33, no 1-2 (17 juillet 2006) : 109–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.33.1.08per.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Summary On the basis of an analysis of works for children published by Ellenor Fenn (1743–1813) in the 1780s, an argument is offered concerning the significance of English grammar to the domestic education of elite boys and girls. The topic is contextualized in overviews of the high social value of grammar and of the maternal educator, idealized for her ‘civilizing’ influence, especially on men. Some elite mothers were criticized by Fenn and her contemporaries for preferring public life to domestic responsibility or for indulging their children. While acknowledging the difficulties of child-rearing and the challenges to women’s domestic authority, Fenn and others spell out the consequences of failing to train young males in particular. The author argues that educational toys and age-graded books like Fenn’s encouraged loving mothers to socialize their children while simultaneously displaying their wealth. Grammar, because of its associations with order, was central to this domestic curriculum. While not overtly challenging conventional gender roles, Fenn represented ‘sprightly’ young females not as intellectually superficial but as naturally quick to learn and playfully able to teach young males and females. Their pedagogical duties justified young women’s education and granted women educators domestic authority and public importance.
36
Gallego, María A. « The Kitāb al-Taswi'a or Book of Reprobation by Jonah ibn Janāḥ. A revision of J. and H. Derenbourg's edition ». Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63, no 1 (janvier 2000) : 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00006479.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abū I-Walīd Jonah ibn Janāḥ is undoubtedly one of the greatest Hebrew grammarians. Born in Al-Andalus at the end of the tenth century he was active during the eleventh century, but his exact dates are not known. His best known works, a grammar, Kitāb al-Lumaՙ (The book of variegated flowerbeds) and a dictionary of biblical Hebrew, Kitāb al-'Uṣūl (The book of roots), represented the most important development in the knowledge of Hebrew of the Middle Ages. Other important works on grammar include Kitāb al-Taswi'a (The book of annexation), a short grammatical treatise which he composed as a response to critics of a previous work entitled Kitāb al-Mustalḥaq (The book of annexation).
37
Lloyd, Michael. « The tragic aorist ». Classical Quarterly 49, no 1 (mai 1999) : 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.1.24.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The tragic or ‘instantaneous’ aorist usually has a paragraph to itself in the grammar books, as a distinct but not especially important use of the aorist. It is most common in Athenian drama of the second half of the fifth century, although there are possible examples in Homer and some learned revivals later. The present article offers an entirely new account of these aorists, and entails a new interpretation of the tone of some 75 lines of tragedy and comedy.
38
Asratyan, Dmitry K. « The Book of Psalms (1848) — the first experience of Bible translation into Ossetic ». Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no 4(2020) (25 décembre 2020) : 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2020-4-21-30.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The history of translations of the Holy Scripture and liturgical texts into the Ossetic language has not yet become a subject of systematic study, although the formation of the national intelligentsia is closely connected with this process, as well as the development of standards of the literary language. The aim of this paper is to study the historical context in which the Book of Psalms was translated and published in 1848, becoming the first complete Bible book in Ossetic, as well as to determine its significance in the history of Ossetian literature. Analysis of documentary materials (such as letters of the translator Grigory Mzhedlov, reviews written by Academician Anders Sjögren) and comparison of the published translation with the Hebrew original and other versions give a clue to the principles of translator’s work. An attempt is made to analyze advantages and drawbacks of the translation, as well as the level of its reception and its influence on the further activities of Ossetian national intelligentsia. The translation of the Books of Psalms is considered to be an important step as the first experience in the practical implementation of language norms recorded in the classical grammar of Anders Sjögren, which laid the foundation for the scientific study and teaching of Ossetic language; but the Book of Psalms became obsolete very quickly — due to the appearance of the first generation of the Ossetian intelligentsia and the beginning of systematic collective work on creating the corpus of Church books in Ossetic. Nevertheless, the influence of the 1848 translation can be clearly seen in further Ossetic church translations and should not be underestimated. The study of the development of the literary Ossetic language, the formation of religious terminology is impossible without a serious study of translations of the 19th century, including the earliest of them — the Book of Psalms translated by Grigory Mzhedlov.
39
Asratyan, Dmitry K. « The Book of Psalms (1848) — the first experience of Bible translation into Ossetic ». Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no 4(2020) (25 décembre 2020) : 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2020-4-21-30.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The history of translations of the Holy Scripture and liturgical texts into the Ossetic language has not yet become a subject of systematic study, although the formation of the national intelligentsia is closely connected with this process, as well as the development of standards of the literary language. The aim of this paper is to study the historical context in which the Book of Psalms was translated and published in 1848, becoming the first complete Bible book in Ossetic, as well as to determine its significance in the history of Ossetian literature. Analysis of documentary materials (such as letters of the translator Grigory Mzhedlov, reviews written by Academician Anders Sjögren) and comparison of the published translation with the Hebrew original and other versions give a clue to the principles of translator’s work. An attempt is made to analyze advantages and drawbacks of the translation, as well as the level of its reception and its influence on the further activities of Ossetian national intelligentsia. The translation of the Books of Psalms is considered to be an important step as the first experience in the practical implementation of language norms recorded in the classical grammar of Anders Sjögren, which laid the foundation for the scientific study and teaching of Ossetic language; but the Book of Psalms became obsolete very quickly — due to the appearance of the first generation of the Ossetian intelligentsia and the beginning of systematic collective work on creating the corpus of Church books in Ossetic. Nevertheless, the influence of the 1848 translation can be clearly seen in further Ossetic church translations and should not be underestimated. The study of the development of the literary Ossetic language, the formation of religious terminology is impossible without a serious study of translations of the 19th century, including the earliest of them — the Book of Psalms translated by Grigory Mzhedlov.
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Basson, Thomas. « Thomas Basson (1555-1613), English printer at Leiden ». Quaerendo 15, no 3 (1985) : 195–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006985x00180.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractSince the appearance in 1961 of the author's Thomas Basson 1555-1613: English Printer at Leiden, a number of new facts have come to light. Moreover, thirty-three new titles can be added to the checklist of Basson's publications, plus a considerable number of theses printed by Thomas Basson. This brings the total number of Basson imprints to c. 450 instead of the original 180. It is now clear, however, that all or nearly all 1585-7 Basson imprints are books or pamphlets printed for him by others. One of the interesting discoveries since 1961 is a copy of The Coniugations in Englishe and Netherdutche (1586), translated and prefaced by Basson himself. It is the first English-Dutch grammar in history, and was dedicated to the Leiden magistrates. New information clarifies Basson's move to Leiden from Cologne in 1583/4 and his involvement in the 'Family of Love', but the evidence remains circumstantial. In 1593/4 the first Basson press was set up. At first it was capable only of very small books and pamphlets, mainly theses, carmina, and auction catalogues. In 1603-6, however, the Basson press got involved in a major publication: Scaliger's Thesaurus temporum. Passages from Scaliger's correspondence show that Thomas Basson and his son Govert were learning their trade the hard way. After 1606 full-length books became a standard feature of their printing house 'At the Sign of the Music-Book'. The 1606 Thesaurus is also interesting because a specially made music-book device on the title page represents an actual piece of music which turns out to be a two-part canon. One other aspect of the Basson press, finally, is also discussed: its apparent interest in occult books.
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Mu'min, Mu'min. « STUDY SYARAH SHAHIH AL-BUKHARI ; AT-TAUDHIH LI SYARHI AL-JAMI' ASH-SHAHIH IBN AL-MULAQQIN ». Diroyah : Jurnal Studi Ilmu Hadis 3, no 1 (4 décembre 2018) : 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/diroyah.v3i1.3728.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study discusses the Sahih Sahih Al-Bukhari At-Taudhih Li Syarhi Al-Jami Ash-Sahih Ibn Al-Mulaqin, using the historical approach and literature study (Research library). It was found that Syarah Ibn Al-Mulaqin was one of the very thick Sahih books of al-Bukhari, containing a lot of information, and was rich in approaches from various disciplines that were compiled for 22 years. The method used by Ibn Mulaqin is by explaining grammar, stretching the interrelationship of the subtitles with the title, then explaining the narrator and then discussing the contents of the hadith in detail, by explaining the history, the rijal of hadith, and Fiqh.
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Lubina, Tihana. « Library of the Royal Grammar School in Osijek from 1851/52 to 1929 ». Informatologia 55, no 3-4 (23 décembre 2022) : 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/i.55.3-4.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this paper is to investigate and follow the development and operation of the Library of the Royal Grammar School (Velika gimnazija) in Osijek from its formal foundation, in the school year 1851/52, to its closure in 1929. For the purposes of this research, the analysis of the contents of the printed annual reports of the Royal Grammar School, which are in the possession of the Library Department of the Museum of Slavonia, was carried out, as well as the analysis of the archival material of the State Archives in Osijek. Given that, at the time, schools were obliged to provide status reports for the libraries, the relevant reports represent a significant contribution to the continuous monitoring of the increase in the Teachers' and Student Library holdings, as well as an insight into the work of the teachers who served as librarians. Finally, in addition to a clearer insight into the educational, social and historical frameworks in which the secondary education in Osijek developed, the analysis of the archival material and the Grammar School annual reports have also shown that, through-out the observed period, the Grammar School Library operated continuously, the books arrived regularly, either by purchase or donation, and that its holdings contained valuable and rare specimens from various fields of science. Given that today the old library holdings of the former Royal Grammar School are located in the Library Department of the Museum of Slavonia, where they were successfully stored in 1943 during World War II, this certainly gives it the legitimacy of a significant cultural and historical source for further research and interpretation of the cultural and educational history of the city of Osijek.
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Tsumura, D. T. « Textual Corruptions, or Linguistic Phenomena ? The Cases in 2 Samuel (MT) ». Vetus Testamentum 64, no 1 (20 janvier 2014) : 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12301140.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The MT of the Books of Samuel has usually been taken as textually corrupt due to scribal errors. However, many often advocated textual emendations can be seen as unnecessary when one understands the linguistic nature of the unusual forms. Some of the cases in 2 Samuel may be explained as phonetic spellings, such as omission of aleph (e.g. 20:5, 9), assimilations (e.g. 5:13a; 13:16; 18:3, 12), metathesis (20:14; 22:46), and sandhi (22:40; 23:9, 20, 21). Another example is aposiopesis in direct speech (13:16; also 1 Sam 1:22). Furthermore, new understandings of linguistic phenomena such as the “vertical grammar” of poetic parallelism (Ps 18:11; cf. 2 Sam 22:12) and discourse grammar, especially the sequence of the verbal forms in Hebrew narrative prose (e.g. 2 Sam 4:5-7) can aid analysis.
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Polonski, Dmitri G., et Dzhamilia N. Ramazanova. « East Slavonic Sources of the First Serbian Primer Composed by Gabriel Stefanović Venclović (1717) ». Slovene 10, no 1 (2021) : 157–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.1.8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article discusses the identification of textual and pictorial sources that were used in 1717 by the famous Serbian writer Gabriel Stefanović Venclović (c. 1680 – c. 1749) to compile a handwritten textbook containing a collection of elementary knowledge on the Slavonic language, grammar, and the basics of the Orthodox faith. According to our study, Gabriel used several educational and liturgical books published in Kiev, Lvov, and Moscow. In particular, we conclude that the school book issued from the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra printing office in 1705 served as the primary source for Venclović’s Primer. We also analyzed how Gabriel adapted the syllabic verses written by the poet Karion Istomin from Moscow, containing sententious examples for different Slavic letters. In our opinion, it is Venclović’s handwritten textbook, but not the famous Venetian edition of 1597, that should be interpreted as the first Serbian Primer.
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Bolker, Jamie M. « William Falconer and the Rhetoric of the Sea ». Eighteenth-Century Life 47, no 2 (1 avril 2023) : 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-10394936.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This essay explores how William Falconer's A Universal Dictionary of the Marine exemplifies the “rhetoric of the sea,” which operates according to an inclusive approach to maritime knowledge, which maritime authors adopted in an effort to translate into writing a unique, physical practice at sea. Since maritime practice involved diverse processes in an environment that could not be controlled, maritime and navigation books thereby contained diverse styles and forms, from poetry, to criticism, to illustrations, to definitions, in an effort to reflect the diversity, and experience, of the sea itself. This essay places Falconer's Dictionary (1769) into a longer history of maritime and navigation books, especially dictionaries, including John Smith's Seaman's Grammar and Dictionary (1626), and the development of specialized dictionaries in English. Building on developments in “blue ecocriticism,” this essay concludes by suggesting that the eighteenth-century rhetoric of the sea provides us an understanding of the semantic and physical power of the world's oceans.
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Stronks, Els. « Language as an Object of Empirical Study in the Dutch Republic ». Early Modern Low Countries 5, no 2 (23 décembre 2021) : 281–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.51750/emlc11335.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article takes a dictionary by Joos Lambrecht, dating from 1546, as its point of departure. It argues that this dictionary, as well as other dictionaries and treatises produced in the wake of Lambrecht’s, did more than teach their young audience in the Dutch Republic the meaning of existing words and thus transfer cultural and linguistic knowledge as was already understood. They also taught youngsters how to obtain (new) knowledge from their own empirical observations. The Dutch books on morphology, orthography, phonology, and grammar – produced in large numbers – offered their readers the opportunity to use their own language as an object for empirical study. By charting the dynamics of language, knowledge, and empirical training, it is argued that the Dutch language was, for a short time, treated by writers not merely as a means to express and share knowledge, but also as an object of study in itself. What might have formed an accessible training ground for the development of skills in empirical observation and especially self-reflexive practice, was, however, soon snuffed out by a second wave of tutorial books which emphasised the prescriptive over the explorative.
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Wolf, Göran. « Heinrich Christoph Albrecht’s Versuch einer critischen Englischen Sprachlehre ». Historiographia Linguistica 39, no 1 (22 mars 2012) : 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.39.1.07wol.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Summary In 1784 Heinrich Christoph Albrecht published the book Versuch einer critischen englischen Sprachlehre. The book’s subtitle reads “Vorzüglich nach dem Englischen des Dr. Lowth” and thus confirms that it is based on Robert Lowth’s Short Introduction to English Grammar (cf. also Alston 1965: 48). This paper seeks to introduce Albrecht’s work, and by comparing Albrecht’s Sprachlehre with Lowth’s Short Introduction, the following question will be answered: how much of Lowth’s original work was present in Albrecht’s adaptation?
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Usatenko, Tamara, Galyna Usatenko et Myroslava Marushchenko. « «GRAMMAR» OF PANTELEIMON KULISH IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINIAN WRITING ». Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no 25 (2019) : 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.25.19.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article is devoted to the defining of the phenomena of Ukrainian cultural movement of the 19th century, when under conditions of comprehensive Russification of the Ukrainian community and the influence of the Church Slavonic language as well as of complete lack of education in the native language, the processes of creation of the Ukrainian literary language took place. The new Ukrainian spelling was established, the struggle for teaching in schools in the Ukrainian language was intensified, various styles, and lot of genres of literature in the native language were developed. These searches and comprehension by advanced representatives of political, cultural and social life are considered. It is determined that the spirit of romanticism, European revolutions, the abolition of serfdom, scientific and industrial shifts gave birth to a galaxy of unique Ukrainian thinkers, scientific societies, writers, etc. Among them, Panteleimon Oleksandrovich Kulish (1819-1997) was a significant person due to his energy, ability to organize a business, multifaceted talent, profound knowledge. One of the resonance works of the diverse creative heritage P.O. Kulisha is studied in the article, that is a book for initial education in native language − the "Grammar" of the Ukrainian language, which was highly appreciated by T. Shevchenko. Its structure, the content of each part, the pedagogical role as well as the concept of the author, manifested in its preface and the final part were described. The study emphasizes that in the processes of creating a new literary Ukrainian language, its spelling, writing textbooks, grammars in Ukrainian for initials education, two periods are noticeable: the first one – the 20-30th years of the 19th century, when the problems of the necessity of a new literary language arose, the new literature, preservation of the ethnographic, folklore heritage of the people, the second one – the 40-60th-years was the period of active participation of a new generation of Ukrainian thinkers in the development of the Ukrainian literary language, the creation of new spelling, new literature for primary education in native Ukrainian language. The role of "Grammar" in the formation of a new Ukrainian literary language and its phonetic spelling, in the formation of education in the Ukrainian language, the creation of textbooks in the Ukrainian literary language, and the development of Ukrainian writing are underlined. The emphasis was also put on the introduction of the author's, phonetic spelling, the so-called "Kulishivka" in the "Grammar", which is the basis of the modern Ukrainian spelling. Despite the prohibition of "Valuevsky (1863)" and "Yamsky (1876)" decrees, books and newspapers, although very limited were published in Ukrainian. The article also highlights the following discourses: the role of "Grammar" wrote by P. Kulish (the theory and practice of creating a Ukrainian literary language, the new Ukrainian spelling, which caused the intensification of imperial repressions) and its contemporary significance for the new Ukrainian space of ideas, meanings, communication, methods of publications in the Ukrainian language, as well as some grammatical factors of the theory or history of writing: the language of sound - the language of the book: thinking - writing, writing - thinking; sound - letter, letter - sound; "science of reading" - writing, etc. Comparison of discourses contributes to the conclusion that the development of the living language, sound of language during writing has been improved so complex and multifaceted in the 19th century that passed later in the 20th century, and even in the 21st century remain controversial, as evidenced by the lengthy discussion of the “Project of the New Ukrainian spelling”.
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Gadimaliyeva, Aynur. « History and Typology of the Instrumental Case (Based on the Comparative Study of the Literary Documents in Turkic Languages) ». European Journal of Language and Literature 4, no 1 (30 avril 2016) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v4i1.p16-21.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article touches upon the research, which employing comparative historical approach has been carried on about the instrument-togetherness (instrumental) case – the seventh case of noun, which is used in most of the Turkic languages, but has been removed from grammar books after becoming archaic in the Azerbaijani literary language. This case, having kept its place in the history of development of the Azerbaijani language is still evident in stabilised state within some lexical units through the suffixes –ın, in, which are the morphological indicators of the instrumental case. As postpositions birlə, bilə, ilə, -la, -lə denote togetherness, this has caused the expulsion of the instrumental case from among the case paradigm. This article uses the samples selected from the XV century literary works, analyzes the morphological indicators of this ancient case, and compares them to the sources in other Turkic languages.
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Wold, Benjamin. « Reading Messiah Texts Afresh ? Comments on Matthew Novenson’s “Grammar of Messianism” ». Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 16, no 2-3 (6 décembre 2018) : 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455197-01602007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This review essay critiques Matthew Novenson’s book, The Grammar of Messianism, with attention to the ways that it advances the field and is indicative of the field. The major elements of this work are surveyed and assessed.