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1
Bosomitu, Ștefan. « Sociology in Communist Romania : An Institutional and Biographical Overview ». Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia 62, no 1 (27 juin 2017) : 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/subbs-2017-0005.
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Abstract Suppressed on ideological grounds, banned as academic discipline, and dismantled as scientific infrastructure in the first postwar years, sociology was re-institutionalized in communist Romania during the 1960s, largely on political grounds. Subsequently, the discipline developed and augmented within an impressive scientific infrastructure - several university departments were established, research centres and facilities initiated, and specialized periodicals issued. Still, the prosperous period of Romanian sociology concluded after just one decade, through another political decision, which confined the study of sociology to post-graduate specialization and restricted research. My paper explores sociology’s institutional infrastructure, as it was established after the discipline’s renewal, focusing on the institutions created, but also on the biographical analysis of those involved within these processes. My paper will address the matter from a historical perspective, discussing the developments and the evolutions in the field by circumscribing to the political, cultural, and socio-economic contexts.
2
Babinskas, Nerijus. « Henri H. Stahl’s conception of historical sociology and the Bucharest School of Sociology ». Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 2, no 1 (15 août 2010) : 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v2i1_6.
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The Romanian school of sociology founded by Dimitrie Gusti was a favorable medium for elaborating theoretic ideas. The school became a cradle for at least two prominent theoreticians (Henri H. Stahl and Traian Herseni) whose conceptions are worth of attention not only from sociologists but for the theoretically minded historians, too. We should keep in our mind that according to the methodological attitudes of the Bucharest school field researches were highly encouraged. It means that any generalizations, theoretic suggestions or entire conceptions produced by the followers of Gusti were solidly based on empirical data. Stahl started to elaborate his conception of tributalism in the 1960s. Coincidently, at this period the international discussion about the so-called Asiatic mode of production revived so the Stahl‘s theoretic ideas were well-timed. Stahl was not the only Romanian scholar who got involved in the discussion, but his conception was more original: according to him, tributalism should be treated as something different from Oriental despotism although there were some obvious similarities between the two. Despite the fact that the majority of Romanian historian community ignored the Stahl’s innovative conception, there were some attempts in Romania as well as abroad to elaborate (Daniel Chirot) or at least to popularize (Miron Constantinescu, Constantin Daniel) his ideas.
3
Olah, Şerban, et Gavril Flora. « Rural Youth, Agriculture, And Entrepreneurship : A Case-Study of Hungarian and Romanian Young Villagers ». Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business 3, no 1 (1 décembre 2015) : 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseb-2015-0003.
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Abstract This paper analyses the involvement of Romanian and Hungarian young villagers in the local agriculture and entrepreneurial activities. The first part provides an outlook on the historical evolution and the current situation of agriculture and rural development in Romania and Hungary from the perspective of theoretical positions formulated within economics and the sociology of entrepreneurship as well as rural sociology. The second part discusses the results of a cross-border research and social intervention project conducted in the period of 2012-2013 in ten rural localities from the shared Hungarian–Romanian border region. The questionnaire included questions regarding rural youth integration in the labour market, agriculture, and involvement in entrepreneurial activities as well as social and religious participation. The research has found significant differences between Romanian and Hungarian young villagers with respect to the examined questions.
4
Dumitrescu, Lucian. « Sociology of Bad Governance in Interwar Romania, RAO Press, Bucharest, 2019, Bogdan Bucur ». Sociologie Romaneasca 18, no 2 (11 novembre 2020) : 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.24.
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This review seeks to critically unravel Bogdan Bucur's Sociology of Bad Governance in Interwar Romania by using both an emic and an etic approach. From an emic perspective, that is, from inside the book, Bogdan Bucur's intellectual effort is really impressive. Despite a huge amount of data, Sociology of Bad Governance in Interwar Romania proves itself quite easy to read thanks to a solid organization. Additionally, due to the fact that the author has employed a classic academic recipe, the abovementioned book is also very coherent. However, looked at it etically, the book loses its internal coherence due to some conceptual and methodological blunders. Conceptually, despite the fact that the book brings to the fore the issue of bad governance and that it includes a theoretical chapter, the concept of good governance is left unaddressed. Methodologically, the author seems to have fallen in the trap of methodological nationalism. A consistent liberal and neo-marxist literature has already addressed the state as a historical institution which is more or less dependent on the international milieu. In his attempt to explain the administrative failures of the interwar Romanian state, the author has completely overlooked the path dependence explanation and the impact former empires had had on post-colonial states. Thus, a confusion between causes and manifestations of bad governance has emerged.
5
Sandu-Dediu, Valentina. « Towards Modern Music in Romania ». East Central Europe 30, no 2 (2003) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633003x00117.
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AbstractToo little known in the West, modern Romanian scores are being gradually discovered nowadays, beginning with those of George Enescu. For decades underestimated as a creator, Enescu has been re-evaluated and recently recognized as an original and authentic representative of an Eastern European music school, comparable with JanáČek or Szymanowski. The Romanian music of the past fifty years, due to the political and ideological situation of Romania, similar to other countries of the ex-communist Eastern European bloc, has been isolated geographically but not aesthetically. The great diversity of modern or avant-garde trends in Western European and North American music is also present in the output of Romanian composers of the same period, combined in various degrees with autochthonous nuances. Originating primarily in the two major oral traditions, namely peasant folk music and religious Byzantine music, these have compelled Romanian composers to find their own musical language. However, Romanian composers coming of age in the second half of the 20th century took their first steps on a well-established territory, from the standpoint of composition, style, and aesthetics. A solid school of music - built on structural foundations that gave it a distinct language - had already been established in Romania in the first half of the 20th century. Therefore, the following essay is a chronological outline of the historical development of Romanian composition, a process governed primarily by the tension between national elements and global trends.
6
Chen, Cheng. « The Roots of Illiberal Nationalism in Romania : A Historical Institutionalist Analysis of the Leninist Legacy ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 17, no 2 (mai 2003) : 166–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325403017002002.
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This article is a study of the dynamics behind “illiberal nationalism” in post-Leninist Romania. It seeks to provide a historical institutionalist explanation for the extent to which universalist liberal political principles have proven compatible with nationalist projects in post-Leninist Romania. The author's hypothesis is that the “illiberal” character of nationalism in contemporary Romania can be traced back to the nation-building project adopted by the Leninist regime in Romania. This nation-building project sought to engineer the reconciliation between nationalism and the universalist ideology of Leninism in much the same way that nationalism and liberalism have been reconciled in the West. Paradoxically, the more successful this Leninist nation building was, the more difficult it would be for post-Leninist elites to define a liberal variant of nationalism, given how deeply Leninist principles became embedded or fused with the nation's self-image. This counterintuitive logic partially accounts for the illiberal features of nationalism in post-Leninist Romania.
7
Popescu, Rebeca, Ana Muntean et Femmie Juffer. « Adoption in Romania : Historical Perspectives and Recent Statistics ». Adoption Quarterly 23, no 1 (26 septembre 2019) : 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926755.2019.1665602.
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Danciu, Gabriela Cătălina. « Book Review. Székedi Levente’s Limitele suprviețuirii. » Papers in Arts and Humanities 2, no 2 (22 décembre 2022) : 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52885/pah.v2i2.117.
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The recent publication of the volume Limitele supraviețuirii. Sociologia maghiară din Transilvania după 1945 [The Limits of Survival: Hungarian Sociology in Transylvania After 1945], signed by Székedi Levente, is a notable contribution to the study of the Transylvanian Hungarian sociology, the author’s playground being, for the time being, little frequented by other researchers. The analysis of the post-1945 period, made “on the grassroots,” from the perspective of survival, focusing on sociologists such as József Venczel or Lajos Jordáky, as well as other intellectuals, makes the reader part of a stage of adaptation and transformation of the Transylvanian Hungarian sociology in the context of an austere regime. After 1948, when sociology was eliminated as a science, we are the spectators of a long process of sociologists’ resistance and disguise of sociological research, under the umbrella of institutions other than sociological ones. The “escape directions” covered areas such as: political economy, folklore, history, social history, linguistics. The reappearance of Korunk magazine in 1957 led “cautiously” to the rehabilitation of sociology in the Hungarian culture in Romania. The author of the volume emphasizes the importance of the magazine’s editor-in-chief, Professor Ernő Gáll, in this whole process of re-establishing sociology and the Gusti School, analyzing the first articles, true professions of faith that stage the new action plans and research. The volume Limitele supraviețuirii. Sociologia maghiară din Transilvania după 1945 is about the Hungarian sociology of Transylvania in the complicated historical chapters of the period after August 23rd, 1944, for two decades, while at the same time frankly addressing the situation of the Hungarian minority in Transylvania. In this sense, it is worth mentioning the multidisciplinary and dynamic character of the work, necessary for any effort of political, historical, and sociological understanding of that era.
9
Janowski, Maciej, Constantin Iordachi et Balázs Trencsényi. « WHY BOTHER ABOUT HISTORICAL REGIONS ? : DEBATES OVER CENTRAL EUROPE IN HUNGARY, POLAND AND ROMANIA ». East Central Europe 32, no 1-2 (2005) : 5–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-90001031.
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The article analyzes the ways in which the concept of Central Europe and related regional classifications were instrumentalized in historical research in Hungary, Poland and Romania. While Hungarian and Polish historians employed the discourse of Central Europe as a central means to contextualize and often relativize established national historical narratives, their geographical frameworks of comparison were nevertheless fairly divergent. the Hungarian one relating to the former Habsburg and Austro-Hungarian lands while the Polish one revolving around the tradition of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth. Romanian historians approached the issue from the perspective of local history, debating two alternative regional frameworks: the Old Kingdom, treated as part ofthe Byzantine and Ottoman legacies, and Transylvania, Bukovina and the Banat that were shaped by the Habsburg project of modemity. In the Romanian context the debate on Central Europe reached its peak at a time when it lost re1evance in the Polish and Hungarian contexts. While conceding to recent critiques on the constructed and often exclusivist nature of symbolic geographical catcgories, the authors maintain the heuristic valuc of regional frameworks of interpretation as models of historical explanation transcending the nation-state at sub-national or trans-national level.
10
JANOWSKI, MACIEJ, CONSTANTIN IORDACHI et BALÁZS TRENCSÉNYI. « WHY BOTHER ABOUT HISTORICAL REGIONS ? : DEBATES OVER CENTRAL EUROPE IN HUNGARY, POLAND AND ROMANIA ». East Central Europe 32, no 1 (2005) : 5–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876330805x00027.
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Abstract: The article analyzes the ways in which the concept of Central Europe and related regional classifications were instrumentalized in historical research in Hungary, Poland and Romania. While Hungarian and Polish historians employed the discourse of Central Europe as a central means to contextualize and often relativize established national historical narratives, their geographical frameworks of comparison were nevertheless fairly divergent, the Hungarian one relating to the former Habsburg and Austro-Hungarian lands while the Polish one revolving around the tradition of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth. Romanian historians approached the issue from the perspective of local history, debating two alternative regional frameworks: the Old Kingdom, treated as part of the Byzantine and Ottoman legacies, and Transylvania, Bukovina and the Banat that were shaped by the Habsburg project of modernity. In the Romanian context the debate on Central Europe reached its peak at a time when it lost relevance in the Polish and Hungarian contexts. While conceding to recent critiques on the constructed and often exclusivist nature of symbolic geographical categories, the authors maintain the heuristic value of regional frameworks of interpretation as models of historical explanation transcending the nation-state at sub-national or trans-national level.
11
Bottoni, Stefano. « Reassessing the Communist Takeover in Romania ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 24, no 1 (21 janvier 2010) : 59–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325409354355.
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This article analyzes the communist takeover in Romania as the successful outcome of a long-term policy aiming to make the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) a national force. Such an attempt deserves a new analytical explanation of the highly controversial notions of institutional continuity and of “nationalization” of its membership. While mainstream explanations still focus on factors of change motivated by external (Soviet) pressure and stress that violence, coercion, and intimidation have been main instruments used by the Communist Party to implement its goals, the author argues that a reevaluation of the real extent of popular support is needed. PCR became a national mass party immediately after the coup d’état of 23 August 1944. At that time a marginal political force, traditionally ruled by non-Romanian elements and devoted to the strictest internationalism, turned national without falling into discrimination against minority groups, with the exception of the Germans. In multiethnic Transylvania the ethnic power balance consciously created by PCR with Soviet assistance helped the party to strengthen its political legitimacy among different national and social groups. Unlike the Romanian historical parties and the Hungarian nationalists, the PCR and the Petru Groza—led coalition government behaved as a transnational body and pursued integrative policies. In the troubled context of postwar reconstruction, this call for cooperation and peaceful ethnic coexistence distinguished the PCR and its allies from the opposition parties and significantly contributed to make early communist rule more acceptable to large masses of Romanians and non-Romanians, as well.
12
Iordachi, Constantin, et Balázs Trencsényi. « In Search of a Usable Past : The Question of National Identity in Romanian Studies, 1990-2000 ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 17, no 3 (août 2003) : 415–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325403255308.
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This article offers an overview of the scholarly debates on Romanian nation building and national ideology during the first post-communist decade. It argues that the globalization of history writing and the increasing access of local intellectual discourses to the international “market of ideas” had a powerful impact on both Eastern European history writing and on the Western scholarly literature dealing with the region. In regard to Romanian historiography, the article identifies a conflict between an emerging reformist school that has gained significant terrain in the last decade and a traditionalist canon, based on the national-communist heritage of the Ceauşescu regime, preserving a considerable influence at the institutional level. In analyzing their clash, the article proposes an analytical framework that relativizes the traditional dichotomy between “Westernizers” and “autochthonists,” accounting for a multitude of ideological combinations in the post-1989 Romanian cultural space. In view of the Western history writing on Romania, the article identifies a methodological shift from social-political narratives to historical anthropology and intellectual history. On this basis, it evaluates the complex interplay of local and external historiographic discourses in setting new research agendas, experimenting with new methodologies, and reconsidering key analytical concepts of the historical research on Eastern Europe.
13
Chelaru, Valeria. « Tradition, Nationalism and Holocaust Memory : Reassessing Antisemitism in Post-Communist Romania ». PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 10, no 2 (30 décembre 2022) : 58–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/10/plural.v10i2_3.
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This article is a re-evaluation of the Holocaust memory in the contemporary Romanian society. It shows that from its inception, Romania’s nation-building process went hand in hand with antisemitism. Furthermore, it points out that after 1989 the country’s sense of frustration at its communist past managed to obscure the memory of the Holocaust. Despite Romania’s government recognition of the country’s involvement in the Holocaust (2004), a wholehearted acknowledgement of the issue remains improbable at the general level of Romania’s society. A new law to counteract Holocaust denial was adopted in Romania in 2015. However, the country has proved ever since that it has barely come to terms with its historical legacy.*
14
Turcescu, Lucian, et Lavinia Stan. « Church–state conflict in Moldova : the Bessarabian Metropolitanate ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 36, no 4 (1 décembre 2003) : 443–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2003.09.004.
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The article’s main focus is the relationship between the re-established Bessarabian Orthodox Metropolitanate and the government of the post-Soviet Republic of Moldova. The article demonstrates that the Moldovan government refused recognition to the nascent church until 2002 primarily for two reasons: first and foremost, the Moscow Patriarchate opposed the idea of another Orthodox Christian church in Moldova outside of its jurisdiction; second, the government feared that the newly independent Republic of Moldova would fall under the influence of neighboring Romania, whose Orthodox Church offered patronage to the Bessarabian Metropolitanate. After a historical overview of the Orthodox Church in the Republic of Moldova, the article first presents and analyzes the history of the conflict between the Bessarabian Metropolitanate and the post-Soviet Moldovan government, and second, the European Court of Human Rights verdict ordering the government to recognize the Metropolitanate, before verdict’s implementation, and reactions to it. All these are done with an eye on intra-national relations among Moldova, Romania, and Russia, as well as those between the Romanian Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church in connection with this conflict.
15
Oancea, Claudiu. « Mirroring Post-1989 Historiography in Romania : Revista de Istorie Socială (The Review of Social History) ». East Central Europe 34-35, no 1-2 (2008) : 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102022.
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Social history is a relatively new field in Romanian historiography. In this context, Revista de Istorie Socială has attempted, since 1996, to contribute to the development of this field of studies and to bridge the gap between various historical schools and generations, opening new fields of research and reinterpreting old ones. This review essay provides an overview of the Review’s editorial policy, its publications, structure and content, in order to evaluate its impact on the development of social history in post-communist Romania. It is argued that the Review exhibits various historiographical influences, ranging from 19th century historicism to 20th century national schools of social history, most importantly the French Annales.
16
Peresh, I. Ye, M. I. Zan, M. H. Kohut et N. P. Yatsko. « HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY OF LAW IN HUNGARY AND ROMANIA ». Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series : Law 57, no 2 (2019) : 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2307-3322.57-2.30.
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Suvac, Sergiu. « Războiul de pe Nistru în programele școlare și manualele de istorie din Republica Moldova (ciclul gimnazial) / The war on the Dniester in the curricula and history textbooks of the Republic of Moldova (secondary school) ». PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 9, no 2 (20 novembre 2021) : 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v9i2_14.
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Working as a history teacher in two gymnasiums in Orhei District and also as a Ph.D. student, in the field of History at the University “Valahia” of Târgoviște (Romania) I had the opportunity to discover the epic of history textbooks. Recently, the scientific concerns are directly related to the study of history textbooks in the Republic of Moldova and Romania, the concepts of war and peace in the historical educational ensemble, and cultural, national, European, and universal values. Recent personal publications highlight elements of natural, cultural, and ethnocultural heritage emanating from all history textbooks. My research and articles are focused on similarities and differences of history curricula on both banks of the Prut and the reform of historical education in these countries with a special focus on the development, production, and dissemination of history textbooks.
18
Fodor, Eva, Christy Glass, Janette Kawachi et Livia Popescu. « Family policies and gender in Hungary, Poland, and Romania ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, no 4 (1 décembre 1997) : 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00030-2.
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This paper discusses changes and new directions in the gendered nature of the welfare state in three post-state socialist societies: Hungary, Poland and Romania. Relying on an analysis of laws and regulations passed after 1989 concerning child care, maternity and parental leave, family support, unemployment and labor market policies, retirement and abortion laws, the authors identify the differences and the similarities among the three countries, pointing out not only their status in 2001, but also their trajectory, the dynamics and timing of their change. The authors argue that there are essential differences between the three countries in terms of women’s relationship to the welfare state. They also specify some of the key historical and social variables which might explain variation across countries.
19
Chen, Cheng, et Ji-Yong Lee. « Making sense of North Korea : “National Stalinism” in comparative-historical perspective ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 40, no 4 (1 décembre 2007) : 459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2007.10.003.
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This paper examines the striking institutional parallels between the seemingly inexplicable DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) and Ceausescu’s Romania. It argues that in both cases, the role of strong anti-liberal ideology that combined both far left and far right nationalist elements was highly significant in sustaining the regime and therefore should not be underestimated. While developments elsewhere in the Soviet bloc deprived the Ceausescu regime of potential nationalist cards it could play and thus precipitated regime change, the DPRK regime was able to hold on to power by using imagined and real external threats to justify its ongoing domestic repression and reinforce its nationalist claims.
20
Petrescu, Claudia, et Mihaela Lambru. « Exploring the role of social enterprises within the Romanian welfare system ». Revista Calitatea Vieții 31, no 1 (2020) : 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46841/rcv.2020.01.03.
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Social enterprises are embedded in the local context, their organizational characteristics and operational strategies being influenced by the institutional settings, political culture and historical traditions and events. Similar to other European countries, Romania has included the modernization of the welfare systems in the development agenda of the last decade. One of the areas of interest was to better understand and promote the dynamics of the social enterprises as economic, social development actors and facilitators. From a neo-institutionalist perspective, this paper aims to explore the role of social enterprises as a component of Romanian welfare system. It starts with an overview of the history of the Romanian social enterprise, its roots and drivers; it continues with the identification of the roles, challenges and development processes of the social enterprises as welfare services. Keywords: social economy; social enterprise; welfare system.
21
Eglitis, Daina S., et Michelle Kelso. « Ghost heroes : Forgetting and remembering in national narratives of the past ». Acta Sociologica 62, no 3 (19 novembre 2018) : 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699318806340.
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This article takes a sociological perspective on the phenomenon of national myth making in collective memory. It develops an original theoretical concept, the ghost hero. The ghost hero, we posit, is a reinvented historical actor who, despite being implicated in acts of moral or legal turpitude, is elevated and venerated within national communities. In building a theoretical frame, we use two historical cases: Latvian aviator and Nazi-era collaborator Herberts Cukurs, and Marshall Ion Antonescu, pro-fascist leader of Romania in World War II. Our concept draws on the microsociological theory of Erving Goffman to characterize a historical narrative as the presentation of a national “self” and the structural functionalist perspective to examine the sociological functions of the ghost hero for state and society. We suggest that the ghost hero concept could extend beyond these cases and regions to analyze the heroization of historical figures implicated in atrocities.
22
Bradatan, Cristina. « Increasing mixed marriages without assimilation : a consequence of historical ethnic emigration in Romania ». History of the Family 26, no 4 (2 octobre 2021) : 623–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1081602x.2021.1986737.
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Cercel, Cosmin Sebastian. « The ‘Right’ Side of the Law. State of Siege and the Rise of Fascism in Interwar Romania ». Fascism 2, no 2 (2013) : 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00202006.
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The aim of this article is to problematize one of the most audacious tenets of the new consensus, namely the revolutionary character of fascism, by linking together the experience of the state of siege and the emergence of the fascist movement in interwar Romania. It tries to do so by drawing on the philosophical underpinnings of the paradigm of the state of exception developed by Giorgio Agamben and Walter Benjamin’s critique of law and violence. In a first part my aim is to present the main arguments espoused in defending the view according to which fascist movements were professing an authentic revolutionary radical politics. Secondly, I will turn towards legal critique and to the work of Giorgio Agamben in order to build a topography of the relation between law and the force of state. In a third part I will focus on the uses and the historical meaning of the state of siege in post-First World War Romania. This article argues that the emergence of the fascist movement in Romania is an event strongly embedded in the political, legal and symbolic dynamics entailed by the state of exception rather than the expression of a revolutionary thrust.
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Bădescu, Gabriel, et Paul Sum. « Historical Legacies, Social Capital and Civil Society : Comparing Romania on a Regional Level ». Europe-Asia Studies 57, no 1 (janvier 2005) : 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966813052000314138.
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Frusetta, James, et Anca Glont. « Interwar fascism and the post-1989 radical right : Ideology, opportunism and historical legacy in Bulgaria and Romania ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 42, no 4 (30 octobre 2009) : 551–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2009.10.001.
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Do contemporary Bulgarian and Romanian radical right movements represent a legacy of interwar fascism? We argue that the key element is not that interwar movements provided legacies (of structures, ideologies, or organizations) but rather a symbolic “heritage” that contemporary movements can draw upon. The crucial legacy is, rather, the Socialist era, which in asserting its own definitions of interwar fascism created a “useable past” for populist movements. The Peoples’ Republics created a flawed historical consciousness whereby demonized interwar rightist movements could be mobilized after 1989 as historical expressions of “anti-Communist” — and, ergo, positive symbols among those of anti-Communist sentiment. Although radical right parties in both countries may cast themselves as “heirs” to interwar fascism, they share little in common in terms of ideology. Their claims to a fascist legacy is, rather, a factor of how their respective Socialist states characterized the past.
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Drozdov, Viktor. « Soviet Politics of Memory in Southern Bessarabia and Northern Bukovyna : Representation of the Past and Mythmaking during World War II ». PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 10, no 2 (30 décembre 2022) : 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v10i2_4.
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The incorporation of new territories into the Ukrainian SSR during World War II required reconstructing the local community’s identity and shaping its historical memory through Stalinist ideology. This article examines the features of Soviet memory politics in Ukrainian territories through the examples of Southern Bessarabia and Northern Bukovyna, which were annexed in 1940 due to the military campaign against Romania. The study’s objectives were to determine the influence of Soviet ideology on the representation of the past, characterize the ways that the official memory was shaped during World War II, and analyze historical myths that spread throughout the official and historical discourse. The main historical images, which Soviet ideologists formulated in official statements, historical works, and propaganda in periodicals, have been extracted using historical discourse analysis. Comparative historical analysis has identified similarities and differences in interpreting the above-mentioned regions’ pasts. It is pointed out that the historical arguments and concepts used by the Soviet power to justify the annexations became the foundation for the historical discourse. The article analyzes the introduction of the myth of “longsuffering lands” into historical narratives, which interpreted the Soviet territorial conquests as the liberation of oppressed peoples. It has been established that the representation of Southern Bessarabia and Northern Bukovyna’s pasts corresponded to the Soviet concept of “Ukrainian people’s reunification.” However, the distinction between these regions’ ethnic composition and historical development influenced the politics of shaping historical memory.
27
Misco, Thomas. « “We did also save people” : A Study of Holocaust Education in Romania After Decades of Historical Silence ». Theory & ; Research in Social Education 36, no 2 (1 avril 2008) : 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2008.10473367.
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Lukács, Olga. « Healing of Memories in Romania – A Bridge between Churches, Cultures and Religions – A Project of Loving one’s Neighbour ». Journal of Church History 2020, no 1 (1 juin 2020) : 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jch.2020.1.7.
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"Abstract: The Christians’ ”healing of memories” is a comprehensive project, which requires the cooperation among history, cultural studies, psychology and sociology. In Romania, the Healing of Memories project (hereinafter referred to as HoMR) has aimed at implementing the Charta Oecumenica. The project was preceded by an interconfessional and interdisciplinary study and consultation. The study compared the historic perspectives of the churches, denominations and cultures in Romania. The outstanding historical perspective of the healing of memories process aimed at gaining access to the various religious and historic perspectives, the participants learning as much as possible about each other, accept the others’ approach and share the pain caused by different historic events with each other. The project dealt with the positive relationships among the churches as well as the conflicts and the offences, judgments and misunderstandings that the different nationalities, cultures and religious denominations encountered during the centuries. Overcoming the inner, deep injuries could open new possibilities for coexistence, and Transylvania could become a role model in the future for the entire Europe. According to Johnston McMaster the concrete steps in the healing of memories are the following: ”1. a walk together in history. 2. sharing each other’s pain, 3. preparation for the future”. In the Healing of memories project, 16 theological research and educational institutions, 7 history departments and 2 sociology departments took part. Furthermore, other six institutions were contacted and over 300 colleagues participated in the workshops and conferences. What was the general objective of the HoM project? It was recollection and beyond recollection mutually getting acquainted with, understanding, accepting and sympathising with each other. The Healing of Memories project was a true success."
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Henne, Steffen. « Revolution and Eternity ». Fascism 3, no 1 (12 avril 2014) : 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00301003.
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The conference ‘Revolution and Eternity – Fascism’s Temporality’ discussed the complex and meta-historical topic of ‘time and temporality’ with regards to the fascist experience of time, and ways of temporal thinking and acting with reference to German National Socialism, and fascism in Italy and Romania. The various papers examined specific national forms of fascism from the perspective of the concepts of political order and temporality (e.g. fascist interpretations of temporal dimensions – future, present and past). The conference revealed that the fascist view of time was based on specific (chrono)political practices (archaeology, filmmaking etc.) and that the inhumane politics of fascism were embedded in temporal paradigms that combined contradictory ideas of revolutionary acceleration with the eternal standstill of time.
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Mitru, Alexandru. « Războiul transnistrean reflectat în manualele de istorie din România / The Transnistrian war reflected in the history textbooks in Romania ». PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 9, no 2 (20 novembre 2021) : 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v9i2_15.
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The creation of history textbooks in the post-December period took into account the increase of quality in pre-university education by developing communication and relationship skills, different historical contents being studied depending on the interests of students. In our analysis, we tried to find out to what extent the authors of the history textbooks were interested in presenting the Transnistrian conflict to the young generation.
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Waterbury, Myra A. « Caught between nationalism and transnationalism : How Central and East European states respond to East–West emigration ». International Political Science Review 39, no 3 (20 février 2018) : 338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512117753613.
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This article seeks to explain the varied policy responses to the large wave of emigration from Central and Eastern European states during the last two decades, focusing on the cases of Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland. Differing degrees of emigrant engagement by these states are explained by the role of internal minorities as active members of the emigrant population and the overall political and demographic relevance of historical kin. This study contributes to our understanding of what shapes state policies towards different types of external populations. It also highlights the particular challenges of state-led transnational engagement in a supranational border regime.
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Manea, Gabriela, Elena Matei, Iuliana Vijulie, Marian Marin, Octavian Cocos et Adrian Tiscovschi. « Tradition and Modernity in the Romanian Rural Space. Case Study : the Arges Sub-Carpathian Foothills ». Eastern European Countryside 19, no 1 (1 décembre 2013) : 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eec-2013-0007.
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Abstract This paper intends to demonstrate on the basis of a case study that rural people’s access to modern goods and services is not necessarily a relentless source of deculturalisation, because it sometimes allows a better management and valorisation of the main characteristics of the rural space. Despite socio-economic unrest and successive changes of political regimes that took place in Romania during the last century, the human communities within the Arges foothills have defended with dignity their traditional material and spiritual values, passing them down from generation to generation. In the medium and long-term, the valorisation of the Romanian rural space, in general, and of that belonging to the Arges foothills, in particular, will imply the creation of a balance between the valuable cultural potential and the quality of life of the inhabitants, who are the keepers of rural cultural heritage. At present, the best thing to do to pass on the traditions of this area is to proudly accept the affiliation to this geographical space. This is true not only for the permanent inhabitants of rural settlements, but mostly for those who have left the countryside to carry it in their minds and souls. In our opinion, this fact is a pre-requisite for preventing the loss of material and spiritual values of this cultural-historical space.
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Ferdinand, Peter. « Ghiţa Ionescu and Comparative Communist Politics ». Government and Opposition 32, no 2 (avril 1997) : 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00158.x.
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GHIŢA IONESCU'S MAIN WORKS ON COMPARATIVE COMMUNIST POLITICS were The Politics of the European Communist States which appeared in 1967 and Comparatiue Communist Politics which appeared in 1972. They generalized upon the more historical and empirical studies which had appeared earlier in the 1960s: Communism in Romania, The Reluctant Ally: A Study of Communist Neo-Colonialism and The Break-up of the Soviet Empire. They established his reputation as one of the foremost scholars of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. This article will consider the main ideas of the two key works and relate them to broader trends in the evolution of his thinking. Chiefly, though, it will concentrate upon his 1967 work, since the 1972 one was much shorter and it also largely recapitulated the same ideas.
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Engel, Madeline, Frances DellaCava et Norma Kolko Phillips. « Cultural Difference and Adoption Policy in the United States : The Quest for Social Justice for Children ». International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no 2 (2010) : 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092755609x12488514988991.
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AbstractThis article discusses the impact of cultural difference on adoption in the United States (U.S.) during three historical periods and along three dimensions: religion, race and ethnicity. The focus is on the extent to which national and international definitions of the rights of the child as put forth by the United States, the United Nations and The Hague have affected adoption policy and practice. The article questions the extent to which the failure to respond to cultural differences has diminished the rights of the child and resulted in social injustice. Although focused on the U.S., the argument has relevance for many other countries, including Sweden, Romania, Ukraine, Australia, Korea and China.
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Kyfyak, Vasyl, et Olexander Kyfyak. « A cluster approach to the formation of tourism destinations in Western Ukrainian cross-border regions ». Turyzm/Tourism 31, no 1 (18 juin 2021) : 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.31.1.15.
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The research aims at exploring western Ukrainian cross-border regions where many natural recreational resources, historical, cultural and architectural monuments, a developed transport infrastructure, strong ethnic ties and wide opportunities for tourism flows from the cross-border regions of neighboring countries are found. To achieve this goal, the authors studied foreign experience, in particular the processes of the creation and operation of clusters in Romania and Poland which helped to identify certain stages of development of tourism destinations based on a cluster approach. Comparison of the activities of already established tourism clusters in Ukraine and abroad has helped to establish a list of major business structures that might become a part of a cluster and be involved in the formation of a tourism destination. Based on an analysis of natural and recreational potential, and cultural and historical heritage in western Ukrainian cross-border regions, possible profiles of tourism destinations, and the interest of tourist and other enterprises to be brought together into tourism clusters, are determined, and this has been confirmed by a survey
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Fisher, Gaëlle. « Looking Forwards through the Past : Bukovina’s “Return to Europe” after 1989–1991 ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 33, no 1 (20 novembre 2018) : 196–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325418780479.
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This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and ‘ethnic unmixing’, guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger. Over the course of the 1990s, the region of Bukovina, once the easternmost province of the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire, gained unprecedented visibility abroad. This was the case in German-language space in particular. There, Bukovina became the subject of newspaper articles, books, films, and exhibitions; travel and tourism to the area developed; political agreements and partnerships were even established between German or Austrian and “Bukovinian” regions. These initiatives, across “East and West,” across the former Iron Curtain, were meant to bridge the former divide. But many were based on proclaimed historical and cultural connections: as the widespread slogan read, Bukovina “returned to Europe.” In the process, historical Bukovina, by then split between Romania and a newly independent Ukraine, was not so much rediscovered as resurrected, reconstructed, and reinvented on the basis of existing ideas and assumptions. This raises a range of questions: why Bukovina, why in these countries, and why then? In this article, I identify different groups of actors, trends, and phases in the popular resurgence of Bukovina after 1989–1991 and highlight their origins, differences, and interactions. By tracing the activities and narratives of some of the key actors of the reinvention of the region after 1989–1991, this article explores the tensions between visions of the past and visions of the future in Germany, Austria, and Europe after 1989. It thereby also contributes to a critical reflection on the meaning of the wider “return to Europe” of Central and Eastern Europe after the end of the Cold War.
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Qilin, Fu. « Six theoretical paradigms of Eastern European Marxist aesthetics ». Thesis Eleven 159, no 1 (24 juillet 2020) : 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513620945543.
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The conceptual and methodological contributions of Marxist aesthetics from Eastern European countries like Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and East Germany were productive and significant despite various hurdles faced concerning institutionalization, legitimization and differing theoretical abuses. In its mode of inquiry and discursive practices, Eastern European Marxist aesthetics is both similar and dissimilar to its Western, Soviet, Russian and Chinese counterparts. The specificity here is the function of a unique geographical and socio-historical context, as well as interaction with other contemporary paradigms of thought. The innovative impulses of Eastern European Marxist aesthetics affected six scholarly domains: aesthetics of praxis, theory of realism, critique of modernity, semiotics, theory of genre and cultural theory. This paper provides a general survey of the intellectual achievements of Eastern European Marxist aesthetics across these six domains and will show how this theoretical tradition has influenced the modern history of ideas.
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Giurcanu, Magda. « Assessing the Role of European Attitudes in Cross-National Research ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 29, no 2 (mai 2015) : 504–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415581897.
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How does Eastern Europe contribute to the debate over EU’s democratic deficit from an electoral perspective? Does Eastern Europe challenge our theoretical understanding of what motivates European citizens to participate and express their opinions in European Parliamentary elections? While there is no overarching consensus in the academic community regarding these questions, this essay aims to illustrate how a deeper understanding of one post-communist case and a bottom-up perspective on attitudes and political behavior in one locale, Romania, allowed the researcher to delve deeper into the taken-for-granted dynamics that European citizens from the South, East, and West engage in when voting in European Parliamentary elections. The approach of “ethnographic sensibility” mentioned in the workshop’s discussions and illustrated in several contributions to this volume (see e.g. Kubik 2013; Knott 2015) constitutes then a useful starting point in deconstructing conventional knowledge. Moreover, during the process of moving up the ladder of generality and building inferences from one case study to a region, Eastern Europe still shares enough characteristics to deserve its own dummy variable, so to speak, in large- N continent-wide analyses covering the 2004 and 2009 European Parliamentary (EP) elections. Yet, as Joshua Tucker (2015) mentions in his contribution, it is unclear whether the historical legacies discussed at the workshop and further elaborated on by Grigore Pop-Eleches (2015) will continue to play a role in a priori distinguishing Eastern Europeans’ political attitudes and behaviors from other EU citizens in the South or West in future EP elections.
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Georgescu, Florin. « Speech 21.04.2021, 12.00 : Excellence Award of the Romanian Sociological Association (ARS) for the paper Capital in post-communist Romania, Romanian Academy Publishing House, 2018 ». Sociologie Romaneasca 19, no 1 (26 novembre 2021) : 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.19.2.9.
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s early as the dawn of modern age, Benjamin Constant (1819) wrote that the current democracy, unlike the ancient one, based on slavery and perpetual wars, is based on capital, while Braudel (1979) shows that capitalism as a concept could not exist without the other concepts preceding it in the sequence they occur in society, i.e. capital and capitalist. Therefore, I regarded capital, meaning the foundation of both democracy and capitalism, as a particularly challenging object of study from the standpoint of its formation, development, location in the economy and ownership in post-communist Romania. I deem the amount, quality, origin and behaviour of capital are pivotal for a solid democracy and an efficient functioning of capitalist market economy in our country. The book Capital in post-communist Romania, based on long data series, may cast a historical perspective on the economic and social phenomena and processes under scrutiny. They are meant to help devise and implement public policies for making the objectively necessary corrections to the Romanian society after such an intricate transition, as well as to prepare the actions for securing Romania’s future development. I viewed this scientific endeavour as useful after identifying a shortage of information and, against this backdrop, of analysis on economic and social results of Romania’s transition, also by comparison with other former communist countries.
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Ciucă, Valerius M. « Judecătorul și fabulistul orheian Alecu Donici, precursor al etnologiei juridice românești ». Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Iurisprudentia 65, no 4 (16 mars 2021) : 212–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbiur.65(2020).4.5.
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"Paul Valéry said about fables as follows: “Little by little those who loved or liked it, those who were able to understand it disappear. Those who demanded it, those who broke it, those who bantered it died too ... Soon, an instrument of pleasure and emotion will become a school accessory; what used to constitute the truth, what used to constitute the beauty turns into a means of constraint or into an object that arouses curiosity, but a curiosity which forces itself to be curious."" (""Oraison funèbre d´une fable"", in Variétés, apud Sanda Radian, Măștile fabulei. Etape de evoluție în literatura română (The Fable Masks. Stages of Evolution in Romanian Literature), Minerva Publishing House, Bucharest, 1983, p. 5) In a recent conference, held in Suceava[1], I expressed some regrets in relation to the absence of scientific concerns in the vast and important field of legal ethnography and ethnology in Romania, as follows: ""Legal ethnography and ethnology are not obviously, in particular, delimited in Simeon Florea Marian's grandiose work. General science was in the course of being established; it was not the time for particularistic developments. It was late when by means of another pioneering work, that of the Romanian scholar and anthropologist Romulus Vulcănescu, some issues of concern for our jurists, for law sociologists and anthropologists started to be reflected in the Romanian legal culture. Very few. Even the great ethnologist Petru Ursache acknowledged that the domain was deficient, in his very impressive creation of ethnosophy"". ⁂ As for the fable, apparently a minor literary genre, so much lamented, as we have seen above, by Paul Valéry, as an object of historical contemplation only, the intersection of the legal culture with the sapiential, moral and literary spirit of the people increases considerably; so much that it becomes a valuable scientific landmark in the emergent legal ethnology twinned with legal sociology, with legal anthropology and with legal folklore[2]. In the most serious way, even if, isn’t it true, with hilarious and caricaturizing weapons, with a playful and clever spirit, the fable decrypts a people's propensity for truth and justice or, conversely, for gregarious fatalism in relation to the vices that corrupt the nation psychologically and morally. Its role is didactic. The young jurists would become scientifically and culturally ennobled if they took over the case law, the ""cases"", from the fables ... Or if, their masters guided them towards associating the case law with the comic and fabulising spirit of the wise judge ... [1] Pagini de etnografie juridico-morală în opera fondatoare a bucovineanului polimat Simeon Florea Marian, cronicar al sufletelor românești în pragul Marii Uniri. Remarcabila lui contribuție la înfăptuirea milenarului ideal (Pages of legal-moral ethnography in the founding work of the polymath from Bucovina Simeon Florea Marian, chronicler of Romanian souls on the verge of the Great Union. His remarkable contribution to the achievement of the ideal millennial), conference held during the Scientific Session ""The contribution of the lawyers from Bucovina to the accomplishment of the Great Union"", November 28, 2018, ""Stefan cel Mare"" University from Suceava & Suceava Bar Association. The text of the conference was delivered for publication in ""Analale Muzeului Memorial Simion Florea Marian” from Suceava, under the guidance of Mrs. Aura Brădățan, 2019. [2] Romulus Vulcănescu, Etnologie juridică (Legal Ethnology), Editura Academiei, Bucharest, 1970, p. 9 : ""The following subjects deal with the study of the legal aspects of primitive and popular civilization and culture as constitutive parts of the conception about existence and the world and of the ways of normative organization of life, partially and with unequal theoretical resources: ""legal geography"", ""legal anthropology"", ""legal sociology"" and ""legal ethnology"". """
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Prodanciuc, Robert. « Sociologi români de azi : generații, instituții și personalități, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2016. Dumitru Otovescu ». Sociologie Romaneasca 19, no 1 (31 mai 2021) : 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.19.1.15.
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In the first part of this review, I describe the concepts used in the book. Next, the paper follows the four periods of institutionalization and evolution of national sociological thinking from a historical and didactic perspective. Each period is characterized by the contributions of its representative authors. In another chapter, the author describes the teaching staff and the graduates from the Faculty of Philosophy, specialization Sociology at the University of Bucharest. Finally, a gallery of sociologists with their achievements is presented. This review captures the value and usefulness of the book for understanding the history of Romanian sociological thinking.
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Lozoviuk, P., et К. V. Shevchenko. « Political situation in Subcarpathian Rus as assessed by Czechoslovak officials and scholars ». Rusin, no 64 (2021) : 154–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/64/8.
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The article analyzes political, social and cultural situation in Subcarpathian Rus in assessments of Czech officials and ethnographers dated by the time when this region joined Czechoslovakia in 1919. The end of the First World War, disintegration of Austria- Hungary and subsequent incorporation of the lands of historical Hungarian Rus into Czechoslovak state presented the Czechoslovak authorities with the vital need to solve numerous problems related to the ethnic and cultural peculiarities and national identity of the local East Slavic population. Czech ethnographers and officials played an important role in the development of the main directions of the specific policy of the Czechoslovak administration in Subcarpathian Rus. In their practical recommendations to the central government Czech officials tried to take into account the social, cultural, and linguistic characteristics of the local population as well as the geopolitical interests of Czechoslovakia in that strategically important region bordering with Poland, Hungary and Romania. The acquaintance of Czech officials and scholars with the situation in Subcarpathian Rus resulted in maneuvering of the Czechoslovak administration between several cultural and national projects in this region. However, during the 1920-ties representatives of the Ukrainian movement enjoyed the preferences of the authorities in the educational and cultural spheres. Subsequently, this led to the reinforced position of the Ukrainian movement in Subcarpathian Rus and to the growing contradictions between Ukrainophiles and Russophiles during 1930-ties.
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Iordachi, Constantin. « Reconceptualizing the Social : East Central Europe and the New Sociocultural History ». East Central Europe 34-35, no 1-2 (2008) : 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102002.
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This introductory essay reviews recent debates on social history, with a focus on the revival of this field of studies in post-communist East Central Europe and its potential impact on rejuvenating approaches to the social history of Europe. The first part of the essay provides a brief overview of the emergence of social history as a reaction to the dominant political history of the nineteenth century and its crystallization in different national schools, and highlights recent responses to the poststructuralist and postmodern critiques of “the social.” The second part focuses on traditions of social history research in East Central Europe, taking Poland and Romania as main examples. The third part summarizes the main claims of the articles included in this issue and evaluates their implications for future research. It is argued that, at first glance, post-communist historiography in East Central Europe provides the picture of a discipline in transformation, still struggling to break up with the past and to rebuild its institutional framework, catching up with recent trends and redefining its role in continental and global historiography. The recent attempts to invigorate research in traditional fields of social history might seem largely obsolete, not only out of tune with international developments but also futile reiterations of vistas that have been for long experimented with and superseded in Western Europe. At closer scrutiny, however, historiography in East Central Europe appears—unequal and variegated as it is—as a laboratory for historical innovation and a field of experimentation, and interaction of scholars from various disciplines and scholarly traditions, in which old and new trends amalgamate in peculiar ways. It is suggested that the tendency to reconceptualize the “social” that we currently witness in humanities and social sciences worldwide could be not only reinforced but also cross-fertilized by the “social turn” in East Central Europe, potentially leading to novel approaches.
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Stănescu, Simona Maria. « Interview with Adrian Majuru, winner of Romanian Academy’s 2019 prize in sociology „Henry H. Stahl” ». Sociologie Romaneasca 18, no 2 (11 novembre 2020) : 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.19.
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Back in 1879 two Romanian Academy’s prizes were established for science and literature: „Gheorghe Lazăr” and „Ion Heliade Rădulescu” (www.acad.ro). The prizes of the Romanian Academy „are awarded to Romanian scientists and artists living here or abroad for their contribution (…) to the development of Romanian culture and science” (www.acad.ro). Since 1996, the Romanian Academy is awarding yearly excellence in domains corresponding to its scientific sections: I Philology and literature, II Historical sciences and archeology, III Mathematics, IV Physics, V Chemistry, VI Biology, VII Geonomic, VIII Technical section, IX Agricultural and Forestry section, X Medicine section, XI Economic, juridical and sociology section, XII Philosophy, theology, psychology and pedagogy section, XIII Art, architecture and audiovisual section and XIV Science and technology of information section. Under the section XI Economic, juridical and sociological sciences, two awards are available for Sociology area: „Dimitrie Gusti” and „Henri H. Stahl”. This interview is conducted with the winner of „Henri H. Stahl” awarded in 2020. More details on history of these awards as well as guidelines and 1998-2017 lists are available on https://acad.ro/premiileAR/pag_premii.htm.
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Dobrotić, Ivana, et Nada Stropnik. « Gender equality and parenting-related leaves in 21 former socialist countries ». International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no 5/6 (28 février 2020) : 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2019-0065.
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PurposeThis article explores the patterns and dynamics of parenting-related leave policy reforms in the European former socialist countries (EFSCs). It sheds light on the development pattern of their leave policies and their potential to reproduce, impede, or transform traditional gender norms in employment and care.Design/methodology/approachThe article provides a historical comparative analysis of leave policy developments in 21 EFSCs in the 1970–2018 period. It systematically explores continuity and changes in leave policy design − generosity (leave duration and benefits level) and fathers' entitlements to leaves − as well as policy concerns and gender-equality-related implications.FindingsFollowing the state-socialist commitment to gender equality, the EFSCs introduced childcare/parental leaves early. Nevertheless, they developed mother-centered leaves of equality-impeding character, in that they did not promote gender equality. The divergence of EFSCs' leave policies intensified in the period of transition from socialism to capitalism, as competing priorities and inter-related policy concerns – such as re-traditionalization, fertility incentives, gender equality, and labor market participation – influenced policy design. Leave policies of the EFSCs that joined the EU gradually transformed towards more gender-equal ones. Nonetheless, the progress has been slow, and only three countries can be classified as having equality-transforming leaves (Slovenia, Lithuania, and Romania).Originality/valueThis article extends existent comparative studies on maternity/paternity/parental leaves, exploring the region that has been overlooked by such research. It provides valuable insights into the implications of intersectional dimensions of leave design as well as competing priorities and concerns embedded in it. It points to the methodological complexity of evaluating the development of parental leave policies in a cross-country perspective.
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Sulyak, S. G. « Rusins in the Works by P.D. Draganov ». Rusin, no 65 (2021) : 76–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/65/5.
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Pyotr Danilovich Draganov (February 1 (13), 1857 – February 7, 1928), a native of Bessarabia, Russian philologist, historian, ethnographer, bibliographer, and teacher. Born into a family of Bulgarian colonists in the village Comrat of Bessarabian region, he graduated from the Bulgarian Central School in Comrat (1875), then studied at the Chișinău progymnasium, the provincial gymnasium (1875–1877) and the Kharkov gymnasium (1877–1880). After graduating from the gymnasium, he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of the Imperial Kharkov University (1880–1882), then continued his studies at the Imperial St. Petersburg University, graduating in 1885 with a candidate’s degree. In 1885–1887, he taught general history and Church Slavonic language at the St. Cyril and Methodius Male Gymnasium (Thessaloniki, Macedonia). In 1888, he was appointed teacher of the Russian language and literature of the Comrat real school. Since 1893, he taught Russian at the Chișinău Women’s Gymnasium. In 1896, he became a junior assistant librarian at the Imperial Public Library in St. Petersburg, in charge of the category of Slavs and Galician-Russian books of the Manuscript Department of the library. Due to the difficult financial situation, he had to resign from the library and return to teach Russian at the Comrat real school. In 1906–1912, P.D. Draganov worked as an inspector of a real school in Astrakhan, director of a teacher’s seminary in the village Rovnoe of the Samara province. In 1913, he returned to Bessarabia and was appointed director of the male gymnasium in Cahul. When Bessarabia was occupied by Romania, the Romanian authorities issued a decree on the preservation of the gymnasium and proposed to P.D. Draganov to remain its director. However, he decided to return to his native Comrat, where he taught Bulgarian at the Comrat real school until retirement. P.D. Draganov is the author of over 100 historical, literary, ethnographic, philological, bibliographic and critical works. His articles were published in the “Journal of the Ministry of Public Education”, “Historical Bulletin”, “Izvestia of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the Department of Russian Language and Literature”, “Russian Philological Bulletin” and others. Some of his works have remained unpublished. Most of P.D. Draganov’s studies focus on Bessarabian and Balkan themes. He wrote many works about A.S. Pushkin. Draganov was the founder of Macedonian studies in Russia. One ofhis most important works is “The Macedonian-Slavic Collection” (Issue 1. St. Petersburg, 1894), which received many reviews. Another well-known work of his is the compilation “A.S. Pushkin in Fifty Languages, i.e. Translations from A.S. Pushkin into 50 languages and dialects of the world. A Bibliographic Wreath on the Monument to A.S. Pushkin, Woven for the Centenary of His Birth, May 26, 1799 – May 26, 1899 with a Portrait of the Poet” (St. Petersburg, 1899). Draganov also participated in the compilation of the Bulgarian-Russian Dictionary, published the first universal index Bessarabiana, where he listed the sources and literature published over 100 years since the annexation of Bessarabia to Russia. Among the numerous works by P.D. Draganov, there are studies about Rusins.
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Geană, Gheorghiță. « Echoes from Gusti’s School : Historical, Epistemological, and Destiny Bonds between Sociology and Anthropology ». Sociologie Romaneasca 18, no 2 (11 novembre 2020) : 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.7.
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In the interwar period of time, a team of four to six biological anthropologists headed by Francisc Rainer attended the monographical researches in the framework of Dimitrie Gusti’s Sociological School. After war, while sociology was abolished by the communist political regime, anthropology survived under the leadership of the physician Ștefan Milcu, an ex-member of Rainer’s team. As Director of the Anthropological Research Centre, Milcu took over the idea of monographical research ‒ this time from a bioanthropological perspective. However, he invited to researches a few social scientists to cover some aspects of demography, family studies, ethnography etc. Among them, especially Traian Herseni and Vasile Caramelea (under the protection identity of “demographer”, “or statistician”) produced outstanding contributions to the monographs of the villages Clopotiva, Bătrîna, Nucșoara & Cîmpu lui Neag ‒ all of them in the district of Hațeg, an ancient county of great importance for understanding the genesis of the Romanian people. A collateral super-effect of this activity was the foundation ‒ în 1964, at Vasile Caramelea’s initiative ‒ of the Section of cultural anthropology in the organization of the Anthropological Research Centre. This inauguration is interpreted again as “an adequate illustration of Thomas Kuhn’s theory about the changing of paradigm în science” (Geană, 2014b).
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Sorescu, Andrei Dan. « National History as a History of Compacts ». East Central Europe 45, no 1 (30 avril 2018) : 63–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04501004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article aims to show that concepts originating in the vocabulary of international relations were crucial to the rhetoric of nation-building in mid-nineteenth-century Europe. A close examination of the Romanian context elucidates in a more general way historical actors’ reflections and critiques of this conceptual vocabulary as well as the permeable nature of the (inter)national in the given historical context. The article explores two conceptual pairs: jus Gentium versus jus publicum Europaeum, and sovereignty versus suzerainty. In the process, it shows how Romanian nation- and state-builders became scholars of international relations. This they did in an effort to demonstrate the historically grounded sovereignty of the Romanian Principalities, in a manner compatible with the prevailing norms of the law of nations. The emphasis on a contractual relationship with the Ottoman Empire allowed for the assertion of national agency, both in the past and in the present. Increasingly focused on the imperfect translatability of concepts forged by the Western historical experience, pamphleteers of all stripes ultimately came to jettison the supposedly feudal, anachronistic vocabulary of suzerainty, militating for the inclusion of the Principalities as full parties in European public law. Thus, the article elucidates some significant conceptual tensions in the development of mid-nineteenth-century nationalism, simultaneously contributing to a growing body of scholarship on the intellectual history of international relations.
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Ban, Cornel. « Sovereign Debt, Austerity, and Regime Change ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 26, no 4 (novembre 2012) : 743–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325412465513.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Historically, high sovereign debt and austerity policies have coincided with regime-changing popular uprisings. Nicolae Ceausescu’s Romania was no exception. Why, when faced with a sovereign debt crisis in the 1980s, did his regime choose to pay its foreign debt as early as possible, at the cost of economic recession and dramatically compressed consumption? How did these choices relate to the regime’s failure to survive the end of the decade? The article argues that while exogenous shocks shattered the economic bases of the regime, it was the ideas with which the regime understood development and interpreted the crisis that shaped government policy responses in the 1980s. When the price of oil and development finance went up abruptly in 1979, the low energy efficiency of Romanian industry pushed the country into a situation where debt levels became unsustainable. Committed to a view of development that blended nationalist and Stalinist ideas, but with a focus on policy sovereignty, Ceausescu diagnosed the crisis as evidence that debt-financed development and policy independence were incompatible. Consequently the regime decided to pay off foreign debt through a mix of austerity, import substitution, and export-led accumulation of dollar reserves. By the time all debt was paid off in 1989, the regime’s economic sources of legitimacy were exhausted. In the external environment of 1989, this policy regime change contributed to political regime change even in the absence of an organized civil society. In addition to casting a new light on the causal mechanisms of the Romanian revolution of December 1989, the findings of this article contribute to emerging scholarship that stresses the nexus between debt-induced economic crisis and popular uprisings.
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Petrică, Ion. « Inter-Institutional Social Partnerships Between The State And The Church In Romania (With Reference To The Child Protection) ». European Review Of Applied Sociology 8, no 10 (1 juin 2015) : 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eras-2015-0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractCompared to the European countries, the sociologic research related to religiousness and religious affiliation ranks Romania among the most religious countries, this aspect being proved also by the active positioning of the Church in society, especially in the public space. The verification of the phenomenon may be done also through our research theme, which has a content focused on social work, whose result may be used accordingly. There are publications in the field of social work also containing chapters about the Church as an institution, describing the specific activities with social character (either of philanthropy, or of empirical assistance, or even professionalised social work). Nevertheless, most papers mention the Church only in the description of some historical aspects of social work in Romania. Our topic is new because a research similar to ours has not been conducted in Romania yet, in our opinion, as in all bibliographic sources used in the writing of our paper he have found no research approaching such topics. The entire scientific endeavour starts from the formal systematic and non-systematic collaboration already existing between Churches and DGASPCs, but in order to scientifically validate this hypothesis we chose to conduct also a quantitative analysis of the data collected through a questionnaire with closed questions. The main purpose of our paper is the highlighting of the specificity of the interaction between the Church and the social work practice in Romania, through the existing partnership links between the State and the Church.