Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Historical-scientific truth »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Historical-scientific truth"
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Lapteva, Lyudmila E. « The Criteria of Historical Truth in Research ». History of state and law 4 (29 avril 2021) : 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2021-4-51-54.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with a problem of scientific determination of the “historical truth” concept used in legislation. The question raised is the possibility of the historical truth determination within the procedure for objective truth stating by the court
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Kocharyan, R. « PROBLEMATICS OF HISTORY IN HISTORICAL–SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTION OF MOSES KHORENATSI ». Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 1, no 1 (16 avril 2013) : 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v1i1.358.
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The fundamental problematics in the historical–philosophical conception of Moses Khorenatsi is revealed in this article, using hermeneutical methodology and, as such, by the help of interpretative philosophical analysis. To understand history principally and essentially means to understand the genuine “said” by historical text and to understand truth–denoting–meaning and then to get the advice of wisdom in the meaning. It is revealed the fundamental problematics for the history of Moses Khorenatsi: “understanding and interpretively explicating the meaning of the truth–of–being of history as such, as well as the advice of wisdom in that meaning”. This all–embracing and complete problematics consists of two components: understanding and interpretively explicating, first of all, the conception of history–science and then the wisdom of content in the historically “said”, that of truth–of–being of history as such, in general, and concretely of history of the Armenians – viewed by this conception of history–science
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Stanford, P. Kyle. « A Fond Farewell to "Approximate Truth" ? » Spontaneous Generations : A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science 9, no 1 (15 février 2018) : 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4245/sponge.v9i1.28057.
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Most commonly, the scientific realism debate is seen as dividing those who do and do not think that the striking empirical and practical successes of at least our best scientific theories indicate with high probability that those theories are ‘approximately true’. But I want to suggest that this characterization of the debate has far outlived its usefulness. Not only does it obscure the central differences between two profoundly different types of contemporary scientific realist, but even more importantly it serves to disguise the most substantial points of actual disagreement between these two kinds of realists and those who instead think the historical record of scientific inquiry itself reveals that such realism is untenable in either form.
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KOZLOV, V. P. « «THE TRUTH OF HISTORY» AND DOCUMENTARY MEMORY ». JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 11, no 1 (2022) : 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2022-11-1-143-154.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of the article is to consider and correlate the concepts of "the truth of history" and documentary memory. The author examines the framework concept of historical memory and proposes a new typology of forms of historical memory (ordinary, constructivist, scientific and cognitive). In addition, the concept of documentary memory is introduced separately – the result of the transformation of a document as a regulator of vital activity. As a result of the research, the author analyzes various properties of documentary historical memory (continuity, inactivation, inviolability, etc.), as well as its functions which are important for cognition of the past.
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KOCHARYAN, ROMIK. « THE PROBLMATICS OF HISTORY IN HISTORICAL–SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTION OF MOSES KHORENATSI ». Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 2, no 2 (11 septembre 2013) : 110–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v2i2.279.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The fundamental problematics in the historical–philosophical conception of Moses Khorenatsi is revealed in this article, using hermeneutical methodology and, as such, by the help of interpretative philosophical analysis. To understand history principally and essentially means to understand the genuine “said” by historical text and to understand truth–denoting–meaning and then to get the advice of wisdom in the meaning. It is revealed the fundamental problematics for the history of Moses Khorenatsi: “understanding and interpretively explicating the meaning of the truthfulness of history as such, as well as the advice of wisdom in that meaning”. This all–embracing and complete problematics consists of two components: understanding and interpretively explicating, first of all, the conception of history–science and then the wisdom of content in the historically “said”, that of truth–of–being of history as such, in general, and concretely of history of the Armenians – viewed by this conception of history–science.
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Urban, Marek. « Documentary film as historical narrative ». Ars Aeterna 7, no 2 (1 décembre 2015) : 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aa-2015-0009.
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Abstract The submitted study describes the documentary film as a historical narrative that carries within it problems documented by historians such as Paul Veyne and Hayden White. It argues on behalf of the thesis that a documentary film in itself does not classify historical clues according to historical truth but according to a selected purpose (e.g. despite aesthetic conventions or in the case of a narrative film - according to the story). The study refutes the argument of Noël Carroll, who deals with the popularizing documentary film - specifically, connecting scientific “truth” with the tropological character of a documentary film narrative can create at best an approximate picture of a historical event.
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Gretchina, Olga S. « Historical Variability of the Self in the Scientific Landscape ». Epistemology & ; Philosophy of Science 56, no 4 (2019) : 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956479.
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The article is a review of ≪Objectivity≫ by L. Daston and P. Gallison. The authors reject the timeless understanding of objectivity and demonstrate on a series of examples of specific practices of creating, using and reading scientific images in Atlases from the XVIII century that objectivity has its moment of birth – XIX century and its own history. The authors assume the definition of objectivity as a desire to get rid of subjectivity in the creation of a scientific image. Objectivity functions as one of the epistemological virtues, along with truth and certainty. Daston and Gallison describe several regimes of scientific practices and show their relation to the formation of scientific “selves” and connection with changing conceptions of subjectivity.
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Grasso, Davide. « Quale veritŕ per la storia ? Conoscenza, prassi linguistica e contesti sociali ». HISTORIA MAGISTRA, no 1 (avril 2009) : 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/hm2009-001011.
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- The association of truth with history gives rise to three different theoretical questions: how to characterise historical truth, what is the criterion to discover it, and what is historical truth as such. The author takes this third issue into account by making a series of conceptual distinctions, and formulating an ontological thesis about the object of historical sciences. Contrary to physical reality, social reality is constructed by human beings in history. Writing and speech acts provide the instruments to create norms and contexts, and to make social entities and institutions interact. These are real entities which correspond to the terms that denote them, thus, realizing that correspondence between propositions and world called truth. Therefore, propositions describing historical facts can be true or false, and in many cases such truth or falsity may be verified, even though the hypotheses concerning the causal relations between historical facts lack the same degree of justification of the experimental method. The scientific character of historiography is founded on a constant documentary reference, and on a textual organisation which brings to light the different levels of objectivity and subjectivity of judgement (statement of facts, historiographic hypotheses, critical judgements). Moreover, by constantly referring to documented facts, historical research stably grounds its interpretations on reality. Key words: truth, knowledge, ontology, social reality, writing, historiography.
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Tamm, Marek. « Truth, Objectivity and Evidence in History Writing ». Journal of the Philosophy of History 8, no 2 (2 juillet 2014) : 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341273.
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This article aims to suggest one possible – pragmatist in a very broad sense of the term – approach to making sense of the way truth and objectivity function within the discipline of history. It argues that history doesn’t need a new theory of truth; rather, it is necessary to analyse in theoretical terms how truth is understood and used in historical inquiry. This article considers truth as an epistemic term in a certain given – historiographical – use, and objectivity is understood as an epistemic virtue valued in a specific contemporary scientific community, that of professional historians. The main argument is developed in three interrelated steps. First, the article makes the case for a pragmatic “truth pact” in history writing, arguing that the conditions of historical truth depend on the illocutionary force of historical utterance. Second, it proposes that this “truth pact” is “guaranteed” by fellow historians or, in other words: truth claims in history writing are based not on their direct relation with reality but on a disciplinary consensus as to the methods of inquiry, cognitive values and epistemic virtues. Third, it will establish a clear connection between truth and proof in history writing, arguing that the “truth pact” is grounded in a critical analysis of the available evidence.
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Astafichev, Pavel A. « Ensuring the protection of historical truth as a new principle of contemporary Russian constitutional law ». Law Enforcement Review 4, no 4 (28 décembre 2020) : 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(4).5-11.
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The subject of the article is the content of the constitutional amendment of 2020 on the need to ensure the protection of historical truth. The purpose of the research is confirmation or confutation of the hypothesis that protection of historical truth should not be provided by measures of constitutional and legal regulation, since this would conflict with other constitutional principles. The methodology of research includes analysis of academic researches concerning the essence of historical truth, interpretation of Russian Constitution. The main results, scope of application. The author proves that "historical truth" in the constitutional and legal sense is the goal of an objectively and conscientiously minded researcher, guaranteed in a free democratic society by the constitutional right to freedom of thought, scientific creativity and expression. Goal-setting in cognition is a matter of mental activity that is difficult for the democratic control of the state and law. From a normative point of view the moral aspect exists here only (the search for historical truth is a virtue, its distortion is a vice). Constitutional democracy is based on the will and needs of today's generation of people. The past, of course, has a certain significance, but it cannot be considered decisive. An excessive preoccupation with traditions and the historical past is fraught with stagnation, stagnation or even degradation of the state mechanism. Constitutional regulation of historical truth leads to unnecessary sacralization of the history of the state, which is profoundly alien to the true legal essence of the constitutional system of a modern democratic society and the objectivity of historical and legal science. State-legal influence in this area is difficult and entails risks of legally binding ideology, which is prohibited by the first chapter of the "Fundamentals of the constitutional order" of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (part 2 of article 13) and the current acts of the Russian Constitutional Court. Conclusions. The legal obligation to "ensure the protection of historical truth" deserves a critical assessment, since it is difficult to combine with the constitutional rights to freedom of scientific creativity, freedom of thought and speech, the principle of ideological diversity and the democratic nature of the Russian state. The right of citizens to their own position on historical issues and search for their "historical truth" followed from the constitutional regulation before the constitutional amendments of 2020 and continues to operate today due to the immutability of chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Thèses sur le sujet "Historical-scientific truth"
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BASTIANINI, LUCIA. « IL ROMANZO TRIPARTITO : PER UNA LETTURA SISTEMICA DEI "PROMESSI SPOSI" ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/70988.
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Viene proposta una lettura dei Promessi sposi alla luce del principio della complessità, sviluppato secondo l’ottica della teoria sistemica. Il raffronto tra due testi teorici: la Lettre à M.R C*** sur l’unité de temps et de lieu dans la tragédie e Del romanzo storico e, in genere, de’ componimenti misti di storia e d’invenzione ha evidenziato come l’idea di complessità, e dunque di relazione, insita nello sviluppo del concetto di verosimiglianza, sia alla base del pensiero critico manzoniano fin dai suoi esordi e lo abbia inquietato negli anni.
È stata ricercata nel testo la progressiva riflessione di Manzoni sul concetto di verosimile; operazione che ha suggerito una traccia interpretativa applicabile al Romanzo, orientata a coglierne una dimensione profondamente complessa e articolata, attraverso la quale l’autore ha guidato i suoi lettori alla contemplazione della Verità incarnata nelle vesti del vero storico, sotto la forma di una promessa sponsale.
È stata riscontrata una relazione tra le tre parti strutturali che sono state identificate nel volume finito di consegnare alle stampe dallo stesso Manzoni nel 1842 (la ‘quarantana’): l’Introduzione, i trentotto capitoli, la Storia della colonna infame, ravvisando in questa costruzione, l’architettura in cui Manzoni ha, con maestria, incastonato il suo Vero.The Betrothed was analysed from a point of view focusing on complexity starting from systemic theory. The comparison between two theoretical texts: Lettre à M.R C*** sur l’unité de temps et de lieu dans la tragédie and Del romanzo storico e, in genere, de’ componimenti misti di storia e d’invenzione, highlighted how the idea of complexity, and consequently of relationship at the core of the concept of lifelikeness, has underlied Manzoni’s criticism since its beginning and has troubled it in time. Manzoni’s progressive reflection on verisimilitude has been researched: the which has given an interpretation applied to The Novel, to a complex and articulated dimension through which Manzoni guided the readers to the contemplation of Truth embodied in historical reality, in the form of a betrothal. The ‘quarantana’, the novel given to the publisher in 1842 by Manzoni, has been analysed and a relationship between its three structural parts has been identified: l’Introduzione, thirty-eight chapters , la Storia della colonna infame. In its frame was found the architecture in which Manzoni brilliantly set his Truth.
Livres sur le sujet "Historical-scientific truth"
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Lyons, Timothy D., et Peter Vickers, dir. Contemporary Scientific Realism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946814.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Scientific realists claim we can justifiably believe that science is getting at the truth. But they have long faced historical challenges: various episodes across history appear to demonstrate that even strongly supported scientific theories can be overturned and left behind. In response, realists have developed new positions and arguments. Specific challenges from the history of science, and realist responses, have generated an ever increasing data set bearing on the (possible) relationship between science and truth. This book introduces new historical cases impacting the debate, and it advances the discussion of cases that have only very recently been introduced. At the same time, shifts in philosophical positions affect the very kind of case study that is relevant. Thus the historical work must proceed hand in hand with philosophical analysis of the different positions and arguments in play. It is with this in mind that the volume is divided into two sections, entitled “Historical Cases for the Debate” and “Contemporary Scientific Realism.” All sides agree that historical cases are informative with regard to how, or whether, science connects with truth. Defying proclamations as early as the 1980s announcing the death knell of the scientific realism debate, here is that rare thing: a philosophical debate making steady and definite progress. Moreover, the progress it is making concerns one of humanity’s most profound and important questions: the relationship between science and truth, or, put more boldly, the epistemic relation between humankind and the reality in which we find ourselves.
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Liston, Noelle Molé. The Truth Society. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750786.001.0001.
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This book seeks to understand how a period of Italian political spectacle, which regularly blurred fact and fiction, has shaped how people understand truth, mass-mediated information, scientific knowledge, and forms of governance. The book scrutinizes Italy's late-twentieth-century political culture, particularly the impact of the former prime minister and media mogul Silvio Berlusconi. By doing so, the book examines how this truth-bending political era made science, logic, and rationality into ideas that needed saving. With the prevalence of fake news and our seeming lack of shared reality in the “post-truth” world, many people struggle to figure out where this new normal came from. The book argues that seemingly disparate events and practices that have unfolded in Italy are historical reactions to mediatized political forms and particular, cultivated ways of knowing. Politics, then, is always sutured to how knowledge is structured, circulated, and processed. This book offers Italy as a case study for understanding the remaking of politics in an era of disinformation.
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Lyons, Timothy D. Scientific Realism. Sous la direction de Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.30.
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This article endeavors to identify the strongest versions of the two primary arguments against epistemic scientific realism: the historical argument—generally dubbed “the pessimistic meta-induction”—and the argument from underdetermination. It is shown that, contrary to the literature, both can be understood as historically informed but logically valid modus tollens arguments. After specifying the question relevant to underdetermination and showing why empirical equivalence is unnecessary, two types of competitors to contemporary scientific theories are identified, both of which are informed by science itself. With the content and structure of the two nonrealist arguments clarified, novel relations between them are uncovered, revealing the severity of their collective threat against epistemic realism and its “no-miracles” argument. The final section proposes, however, that the realist’s axiological tenet “science seeks truth” is not blocked. An attempt is made to indicate the promise for a nonepistemic, purely axiological scientific realism—here dubbed “Socratic scientific realism.”
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Vickers, Peter. Identifying Future-Proof Science. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192862730.001.0001.
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Abstract Is science getting at the truth? The sceptics—those who spread doubt about science—often employ a simple argument: scientists were ‘sure’ in the past, and then they ended up being wrong. Such sceptics draw on dramatic quotes from eminent scientists such as Lord Kelvin, who reportedly stated at the turn of the 20th century ‘There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now’, shortly before physics was dramatically transformed. They ask: given the history of science, wouldn’t it be naïve to think that current scientific theories reveal ‘the truth’, and will never be discarded in favour of other theories? Through a combination of historical investigation and philosophical-sociological analysis, Identifying Future-Proof Science defends science against such potentially dangerous scepticism. It is argued that we can confidently identify many scientific claims that are future-proof: they will last forever, so long as science continues. How do we identify future-proof claims? This appears to be a new question for science scholars, and not an unimportant one. It is argued that the best way to identify future-proof science is to avoid any attempt to analyse the relevant first-order scientific evidence, instead focusing purely on second-order evidence. Specifically, a scientific claim is future-proof when the relevant scientific community is large, international, and diverse, and at least 95 per cent of that community would describe the claim as a ‘scientific fact’. In the entire history of science, no claim meeting these criteria has ever been overturned, despite enormous opportunity.
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Barger, Lilian Calles. New Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695392.003.0006.
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This chapter surveys the historical relationship between social scientific thought and theology, and the fact/value distinction that plagued both disciplines. The migration into theology of social scientific theory, historicism, and pragmatism in the early twentieth century served as a foundation for constructing a new theological method that recast the relationship between the text, the self, and the world. The question of whether science would replace religion in determining the lived values of a society occupied social thinkers. Finding common ground required traversing the gulf between facts and values. In the course of the twentieth century, epistemological questions gave way to ethical ones. The question of right action replaced the question of what was true. Developments of social theory recognizing a plurality of knowledge allowed a mutual recognition. These changes contributed to the liberationist theological method, one that began with the world rather than with abstract truth applied to the world.
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Moreno, Jonathan D., Michael N. Tennison et James Giordano. Security threat versus aggregated truths : Ethical issues in the use of neuroscience and neurotechnology for national security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0027.
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This chapter explores uses of brain science for purposes of national security intelligence and defense, discusses the neuroethical issues that these approaches foster, and posits ways that such ethical concerns can be addressed. The chapter begins with a historical overview of military attempts to employ the tools and techniques of brain and cognitive science, and illustrates ethical problems generated by these attempts. It then focuses on the ways that ethical systems and approaches might be utilized or limited in neuroscience and neurotechnology for military and security operations. With recognition of the global trends and the power dynamics that such scientific capacity can yield, the chapter emphasizes the importance of neuroethical preparedness and provides a novel paradigm for neuroethical risk assessment and mitigation. The authors of this chapter offer their insights through their perspectives as American scholars engaged not only in American issues, but as scholars engaged through collaboration and cooperation on the global stage.
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Malagaris, George. Biruni. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190124021.001.0001.
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This book places Biruni in his historical and cultural context within the long-term history of medieval Eurasia. It outlines the course of Biruni’s life, clarifying key questions about his associations, travels, and patrons. Following an overview of Biruni’s chief interests, it details his major works to illustrate the breadth of Biruni’s output and his intellectual approach, especially his attention to language, esteem for knowledge, and commitment to objective truth. An account of his institutional context and relationships elucidates his friendships and rivalries, notably with Avicenna. The book also shows how varied paths of transmission affected the legacy of Biruni and its reception in global scientific and literary traditions. Finally, a timeline, list of key works, and detailed bibliographic essay will guide readers into further study of Biruni and his thought. This comprehensive overview of Biruni is based on the Arabic and Persian primary sources in the original languages using the best editions. The author has consulted scholarship in French, German, and Russian to draw conclusions and present up-to-date bibliographic references in a manner accessible to specialists and the general reader alike.
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Nellen, Henk. Scriptural Authority and Biblical Criticism in the Dutch Golden Age. Sous la direction de Dirk van Miert, Piet Steenbakkers et Jetze Touber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.001.0001.
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Did innovative textual analysis reshape the relations between Christian believers and their churches in early modern confessional states? This volume explores the hypothesis that in the long seventeenth century humanist-inspired biblical criticism contributed significantly to the decline of ecclesiastical truth claims. Historiography pictures this era as one in which the dominant position of religion and church began to show signs of erosion under the influence of vehement debates on the sacrosanct status of the Bible. Until quite recently, this gradual but decisive shift has been attributed to the rise of the sciences, in particular astronomy and physics. This book looks at biblical criticism as, on the one hand, an innovative force and, on the other, the outcome of developments in philology that had started much earlier than scientific experimentalism or the New Philosophy. Scholars began to situate the Bible in its historical context. The seventeen chapters show that even in the hands of pious, orthodox scholars philological research not only failed to solve all the textual problems that had surfaced, but even brought to light countless new incongruities. This supplied those who sought to play down the authority of the Bible with ammunition. The conviction that God’s Word had been preserved as a pure and sacred source gave way to an awareness of a complicated transmission in a plurality of divergent, ambiguous, historically determined and heavily corrupted texts. This shift took place primarily in the Dutch Protestant world of the seventeenth century.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Historical-scientific truth"
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Potter, Garry. « Realism versus Conventionalism : Socio-historical Determinants of Scientific Practises ». Dans The Bet : Truth in Science, Literature and Everyday Knowledges, 74–93. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429422737-4.
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Bardon, Adrian. « Religion ». Dans The Truth About Denial, 213–94. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062262.003.0004.
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This chapter critically examines key historical and contemporary justifications for religious literalism. Reasons to believe in the literal truth of certain religious texts are divided into historical and contemporary evidence of miracles, the sensus divinitatis (or sense of God), and cosmological and teleological “proofs” of the existence of God. It finds that literalist religious belief is the product of motivated cognition, and can only be sustained by rationalization and denial. It further investigates ideas about how religious ideology may have originated, as well as how religious literalism can persist in the face of scientific advancements and cosmopolitan knowledge of other cultures.
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Nichols, Amanda J., et Myron A. Penner. « Selective Scientific Realism and Truth-Transfer in Theories of Molecular Structure ». Dans Contemporary Scientific Realism, 130–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946814.003.0007.
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This chapter examines theoretical advances in understanding molecular structures at the turn of the 20th century which resulted from the Blomstrand-Jørgensen/Werner debate about the structure of cobalt complexes. Both models made predictions testable through precipitation experiments, which eventually led to Werner’s model replacing the Blomstrand-Jørgensen model of cobalt complexes. We argue that this example of theory change fits within a selective scientific realist framework: namely, the factors which gave rise to the predictive success of the failed model survived in the theory that replaced it. We further argue that the lessons from this historical case can illuminate how two contemporary objections to realism—P. Kyle Stanford’s Problem of Unconceived Alternatives and Timothy D. Lyons’ pessimistic modus tollens argument—fall short as arguments against realism.
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Osterlind, Steven J. « Interrelated and Correlated ». Dans The Error of Truth, 227–44. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831600.003.0013.
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This chapter describes quantifying events in America and their historical context. The cotton gin is invented and has tremendous impact on the country, bringing sentiments of taxation and slavery to the fore, for state’s rights. Events leading to the American Civil War are described, as are other circumstances leading to the Industrial Revolution, first in England and then moving to America. Karl Pearson is introduced with description of his The Grammar of Science, as well as his approach to scholarship as first defining a philosophy of science, which has dominated much of scientific research from the time of the book’s publication to today. Pearson’s invention of the coefficient of correlation is described, and his other contributions to statistics are mentioned: standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and goodness of fit, as well as his formal introduction of the contingency table.
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Fraser, Doreen. « The Non-Miraculous Success of Formal Analogies in Quantum Theories ». Dans Scientific Realism and the Quantum, 255–75. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814979.003.0013.
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The Higgs model was developed using purely formal analogies to models of superconductivity. This is in contrast to historical case studies such as the development of electromagnetism, which employed physical analogies. As a result, quantum case studies such as the development of the Higgs model carry new lessons for the scientific (anti-)realism debate. Chapter 13 argues that, by breaking the connection between success and approximate truth, the use of purely formal analogies is a counterexample to two prominent versions of the ‘No Miracles’ Argument (NMA) for scientific realism: Stathis Psillos’ Refined Explanationist Defense of Realism and the Argument from History of Science for structural realism. The NMA is undermined, but the success of the Higgs model is not miraculous because there is a naturalistically acceptable explanation for its success that does not invoke approximate truth. The chapter also suggests some possible strategies for adapting to the counterexample for scientific realists who wish to hold on to the NMA in some form.
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Gačanin, Sabaheta. « Naučni doprinos istraživača Orijentalnog instituta ». Dans Kulturno-historijski tokovi u Bosni 15-19. stoljeća, 11–18. Univerzitet u Sarajevu - Orijentalni institut, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48116/zb.khb22.11.
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Scientific contribution of researchers of the Oriental Institute The historical and cultural memory of Bosnia and Herzegovina represents a complex mosaic that should be approached with conscientious and dedicated, both professional and scientific work. This is precisely the task of the researchers of the Oriental Institute, working on an objective picture of historical and cultural memory not only within today’s borders but also beyond. All research in terms of history and culture should offer an overview of historical events and cultural movements, while remembrance and correct interpretation of them should draw meaning and significance to Bosnians and Herzegovinans, in order to actualize them in the present with the aim of building the identity of the people living in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region. All the researches of the past of scientific researchers of the Oriental Institute are interdisciplinary, scientifically based, precise, correct, and set up so that their results cannot be arbitrarily interpreted as it occasionally suits groups and individuals, who most often try to blur the truth with their demagogic statements and direct the attention of the scientific community and the cultural public to a peripheral and scientifically unfounded discourse. The 70th anniversary of the research work of the Oriental Institute is an example of a bright tradition of honorable and scientifically based work with a very significant contribution in terms of results that move the boundaries in the scientific fields that the researchers of the Oriental Institute deal with. Keywords: Oriental Institute, seventieth anniversary, scientific research, contribution and importance of basic research
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Dobrenko, Evgeny. « From Metaphor to Metonymy ». Dans Late Stalinism, 87–126. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300198478.003.0003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter explores the 1946 criticism of Sergei Eisenstein's and Vsevolod Pudovkin's films about Ivan the Terrible and Admiral Nakhimov. It investigates how Eisenstein's and Pudovkin's films defined the status of Russia's most important director named Mikheil Chiaureli, who directed “Admiral Ushakov” in 1953. The chapter emphasizes how historicism had to become part of Soviet aesthetic doctrine, part of the system of flexible, dialectically contradirectional principles of Socialist Realism, and to become a hybrid of “the truth of life” and “revolutionary romanticism.” It discusses the historicism of Leninist teaching as a scientific conceptualization of actual historical reality based on a correlation of man with history. It also explains Socialist Historicism, which is the artistic conception of life from the standpoint of the Communist ideal that facilitates a vivid reproduction of life in its historical perspective and historical retrospection.
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Marinopoulou, Anastasia. « Introduction ». Dans Critical Theory and Epistemology. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526105370.003.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Critical Theory and Epistemology is a comparison of the major epistemological concerns in the twentieth century with critical theory of the Frankfurt School. I focus on modern epistemology as a theory of and about science that also addresses the social and political aims of scientific enquiry.The critique that the book deploys on the epistemological tendencies of late modernity suggests that the main distinction between Kant and the critical theorists lies in their understanding of rationality. Such a critique can be characterized as the ‘battle’ of modern epistemology for or against the scientifically, socially and politically rational. Thus, arguments of modern epistemology, as articulated by phenomenology, structuralism, poststructuralism, modernists and postmodernists, systems’ theory and critical realism, can certainly be considered ‘modern’ in historical terms, but in essence their concerns are of a pre-modern and pre-scientific nature. In such a manner, we come closer to understanding what constitutes the scientific, philosophy, truth, and whether modern epistemology paves the way for a political epistemology in the twenty-first century.
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« Traveling with the History of the Atomic Concept ». Dans Traveling with the Atom A Scientific Guide to Europe and Beyond, 1–9. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788015288-00001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Oh, the places we will go! The chapter starts with a paragraph describing the diversity of places we will visit as we “travel with the atom”. This is followed by a brief overview of the history of the atomic concept starting with the Greek philosophers and alchemists. The slow and winding pathway to the modern atom has resulted in a model that is almost certainly not the final truth about the nature of matter. Scientific/historical traveling, and specifically “Traveling with the Atom”, is an example of traveling with a focus. Such traveling takes planning, correspondence and resources. Specific resources are described in several detailed paragraphs. The general organization of the 19 chapters is briefly described including the initial “Quick Look at Places to Visit” with ratings, a box summarizing the relevant aspects of the history of the atom, background on the relevant natural philosophers or scientists and their discoveries, a detailed list of places to visit including charts and coordinates, a brief summary, and a list of references and suggestions for further reading.
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Montisci, Massimo, Giovanni Cecchetto et Guido Viel. « Post-Mortem Assessment and Evolutionary Role of the Autopsy ». Dans Autopsy - What Do We Learn from Corpses ? [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103885.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Chapter is dedicated to the evolutionary role of autopsy, reporting the historical profiles, the state of the art, and prospects for future development of the main related techniques and methods of the ancillary disciplines (like Radiology), involved in historic synergy in the post-mortem assessment, together with the mother discipline Forensic Pathology. A task sustainable through the utilization of the so-called advanced molecular autopsy, a convergence of different skills jointly makes use of the high dimensionality of data generated by new technologies requiring a data mining approach governed by improved bioinformatics and computational biology tools. The evolution of the scientific research and the increased accuracy of the various disciplines will be able to weigh the value of evidence, placed at the disposal of the justice system as truth and proof.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Historical-scientific truth"
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Sharkey, Nolan, et Tetiana Muzyka. « Foundation Atrocities and Public History : The Role of Lawyers in Finding Truth ». Dans The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.16.
Texte intégralRésumé :
History provides the basis for nations’ existence. Yet, history is capable of telling different stories in relation to the same events. It is also open to manipulation and distortion. More so than ever, this is the case with the easy availability and cross border reach of many forms of media. In addition, the concept of public history recognises that representations of history are not made solely by professional historians. The conclusion that must be reached from this is that history is open to contesting and it is not necessarily a fair contest favouring accuracy. This paper argues that law and legal scholars can play a role in settling significant historical disputes by applying the rigour of legal dispute settlement institutions. Consideration of evidence and narrowing arguments to relevant issues are of significant worth. These possibilities are illustrated through the debates surrounding two significant atrocities of history, the Great Irish Famine and the Ukrainian Holodomor. Both events have a critical place in the nation-building of the Irish and the Ukrainians, yet the debate rages on as to whether they may or may not be genocide. We review the historical issues and the genocide issue and suggest that legal scholars rather than historians may assist in settling rather than perpetuating the disputes.