Articles de revues : « Historic sites – conservation and restoration – australia »

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Athanasiadou. « Historic Gardens and Parks Worldwide and in Greece : Principles of Acknowledgement, Conservation, Restoration and Management ». Heritage 2, n^o 4 (20 septembre 2019) : 2678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2040165.

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The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Florence Charter 1981 on Historic Gardens sets the first guidelines for the definition of a historic garden, in which sites such as large parks, whether formal or landscape, are included. Since then, there is a continuous effort worldwide on issues of historic garden acknowledgement, conservation, restoration and management. Countries with garden and park tradition, such as the U.K., USA, France and others, have several sites registered and protected. Furthermore, historic garden and park associations exist in Italy, Spain and Portugal, among other nations. In Greece, there is no specific official policy or association regarding historic parks, gardens or landscapes. Greek law includes historic gardens and parks within the spectrum of works of art, places of outstanding natural beauty and historic places/lands for partial or absolute protection, and, thus, attempts in identifying historic landscapes fall generally in other categories, but law specified for historic gardens. However, in both the Greek ratification of the European Landscape Convention and the European Biodiversity directives, there are aspects one could interpret as very useful for the acknowledgement and policy-making on historic gardens and parks. In this paper, an overview on historic gardens and parks abroad and in Greece is attempted, along with aspects of acknowledgement, protection, conservation, restoration and management. Finally, a first attempt on methodological outlines for the acknowledgement and conservation of historic gardens and parks in Greece is presented.

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Korpała, Małgorzata. « URZĄD KONSERWATORSKI A ZABYTEK, CZYLI O WPŁYWIE URZĘDU NA PRZYGOTOWANIE I REALIZACJĘ PRAC KONSERWATORSKICH ». Protection of Cultural Heritage, n^o 1 (30 mai 2016) : 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2016_01_08.

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Under the Act of 23 July, 2003 on the Protection and Guardianship of Monuments, employees of historic preservation offices supervise works carried out to historic monuments and sites as well as determine their scope. The scope of works depends on the form of legal protection and it is conditional on the decision pertaining to legal protection, i.e. listing a property or site in the register or municipal/communal record of historic monuments and sites; providing area-wide protection: defining historic preservation area in a local zoning plan. Members of staff of historic preservation offices are responsible for assessing documents pertaining to renovation, restoration, and conservation works carried out to monuments and sites as well as make administrative decisions on all actions, regardless of the level on which they are taken: issuing conservation guidelines, permits for conducting research on historic monuments and sites, making decisions on commencing conservation works, supervising the works until their completion. Quality of works carried out to historic monuments and sites depends on individual experience and skills that the members of staff of historic preservation offices demonstrate. The higher the rank of a monument or site, the heavier responsibility historic preservation offices shoulder.

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Shen, Xijuan, Meng Chen, Wei-Ling Hsu, Zuorong Dong, Keran Lan, Haitao Luo et Sean Te-Hsun Lin. « Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework for Evaluating Historic Sites in Huai’an Ancient Cities ». Buildings 13, n^o 6 (26 mai 2023) : 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061385.

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The preservation and restoration of historic sites is of great significance to the continuation of a city’s historical heritage and high-quality development. However, the conservation management of historic sites is still in the stage of exploration and improvement. The current states of development and preservation have been facing many problems, such as fragmented and poor states of preservation. It is crucial to retain and revitalize the authenticity of historic sites. A multi-criteria decision-making approach to an innovative evaluation model is proposed. Based on the cultural, social, and economic characteristics of the historical sites, an evaluation index system is constructed and weighted to judge its importance. The results suggest that the statuses of the historic relics at the facet layer have the most significant effect on the preservation of the authenticity of historic sites. The completeness of historic relics ranks first in weight among the evaluation indexes, which suggests that emphasis should be not only on their protection, but also on the preservation of their overall styles. The results will enable urban decision makers to effectively set the priorities of preservation and restoration by regions and stages. Huai’an, a major ancient city along the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal in China, was taken as an empirical case study to validate the feasibility of the evaluation index system and its ability to provide references for the preservation and restoration of historic sites.

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Stoica, Ruxandra-Iulia. « Urban Conservation in International Charters ». Protection of Cultural Heritage, n^o 12 (29 décembre 2021) : 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.2789.

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This paper will present an analytical review of doctrinal texts that have been key for the shaping of integrated urban conservation practice internationally: from the Athens Charter to the Historic Urban Landscape Convention. The 1931 Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments was published at the same time when the Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne was summing up its controversial urbanist ideology in its own Charte d'Athènes of 1933. Whilst the Athens Charter focused on technical aspects of monument restoration, the preceding debate showed a raising interest in historic urban areas. CIAM’s Charter too, despite including a section regarding historic urban areas, limited its recommendations to the protection of individual monuments or ensembles. Substantial research of historic centres in European countries preceded the first national legislations and international charters targeted specifically at urban areas in 1960s and 70s. Notably, the 1964 Venice International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites finally extended the concepts of restoration and rehabilitation of monuments to protected areas such as historical city centres, recommending expanded heritage protection legislation worldwide. European national legislations followed suit. In 1975, the European Architectural Heritage Year had seen also the first charter promoting the conservation of the historic built environment as a whole. However, by the end of the 20th century, despite a good number of further doctrinal texts being adopted internationally, and the publication of numerous books, articles and reports touching on the problematic of urban conservation, the paucity of theoretical and conceptual advance of this field remained evident. The delay in giving a sound theoretical structure to the field of urban conservation has been, quite understandably, due to the complexity of the urban environment and the ensuing difficulty of separating out the effects of different variables at work within it. Charters over the past three decades call for an integration of planning and urban conservation based on an appraisal of the historic urban fabric and its community, an approach which should eventually provide a more sustainable urban development. This means understanding and evaluating the significance of place, on one hand, and drawing out management implications for protecting this significance and identifying opportunities for change, on the other. The 2011 Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation goes some way to internationalise the theory and practice that has been developed so far predominantly within the European context. There are many issues that have been raised through charters over the last hundred years, and many still need a proper theoretical framework that can allow them to be used in practice widely, beyond the places with strong heritage conservation traditions and legislations.

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Hromada, Eduard, Daniel Macek, Renata Schneiderova Heralova, Lucie Brožová et Iveta Střelcová. « Integrating Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Sustainable Maintenance of Historic Buildings ». Buildings 14, n^o 5 (19 mai 2024) : 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051479.

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This study examines the strategic use of life cycle cost analyses (LCCAs) in the management and conservation of heritage sites, emphasizing the need for comprehensive financial planning. With an increasing number of heritage sites showing signs of deterioration, our aim was to improve the sustainability and effectiveness of restoration practices. We used dynamic life cycle costing methods and developed the MONUREV software V2 to simulate different restoration scenarios, providing accurate, data-driven projections for maintaining structural, functional and aesthetic integrity. The field research involved testing these methods through case studies of heritage buildings in the Czech Republic, focusing on holistic cost management from initial analysis to practical application. The results showed that LCC analysis can significantly assist in making informed decisions, balancing economic and cultural values, and ensuring long-term conservation outcomes. This study concludes that the integration of a detailed LCC analysis into heritage conservation strategies represents a methodological advance that can significantly improve the economic and operational planning of the maintenance of heritage buildings, thereby ensuring their preservation for future generations.

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Büyükkılıç Koşun, Suna, et Mine Hamamcıoğlu Turan. « Effect of Change on the Values of Two Historic Mosques in Manisa, Turkey ». Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 51, n^o 1 (25 mai 2020) : 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.13639.

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This study focuses on the value-change relationship in two historic mosques and presents a management framework that considers their common conservation problems. The case studies are the Haki Baba Mosque in Manisa centre and Kabasakal Mosque in Kırkağaç, Manisa; both have been recently restored. The literature review covers value and intervention concepts with literature and archive research specific to the case studies; this includes a comparative study with similar buildings together with site observations. Urban development, neighbourhood development maps, and comparative study tables were prepared. The effects of changes stemming from disasters, interventions, planning decisions and restoration projects were evaluated concerning the accumulated values. Conservation problems include overdevelopment and transformation of original rural sites to urban sites; alteration of earthen roofs to hipped roofs; unplanned spatial conversion and addition of architectural elements. Restoration designs giving no reference to the authentic state of the elements and spaces also mislead the observer in terms of authenticity and are insufficient in terms of the organisation of the daily life objects. Some universal principles to guide future interventions have been developed: heritage values should be taken as an input in the preparation of development plans; illegal interventions must be avoided; restoration designs should be based on thorough investigation and fully present authentic qualities, and the organisation of daily life objects ought to be part of the restoration design problem. Conservation councils and religious foundations should also be meticulous in evaluating the consistency of intervention decisions and quality of applications.

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Zhao, Bing, et Weicheng Han. « Research on Measuring Methods and Influencing Factors of Spatial Damage Degree of Historic Sites : A Case Study of Three Ancient Cities in Shanxi, China ». Buildings 13, n^o 12 (28 novembre 2023) : 2957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122957.

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Historic sites are important components of every city’s cultural history because they preserve rich historical knowledge and distinctive values passed down from previous generations to the present. Due to the progress of urbanization and modernization, many historic sites face pressure from damage and transformation. In this paper, a method for assessing cultural heritage damage was developed to measure the extent of spatial damage in historic sites. Using sample data obtained in Xiyang, Qi, and Xiaoyi, all historic cities in Shanxi Province, Mainland China, and combined weights were estimated using the Delphi technique and the CRITIC weight method. Following this, the Spatial Damage Degree Model (SDDM) based on K-means cluster analysis and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification was developed. The findings show that the model efficiently solves the problem of assessing spatial damage levels in historic sites. Through multiple linear regression analysis, it was shown that the damage to historic sites was predominantly caused by three factors: natural erosion, construction damage, and planning and policy. SDDM was used to calculate the spatial damage levels of historic sites, allowing conservators to fully comprehend the features and concerns related to historic sites. As a result, more scientific and rational preservation approaches can be developed, improving the efficiency of historic site restoration and conservation, and encouraging the sustainable development of urban and rural heritage.

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Wang, W., et H. Y. Wang. « REVITALIZATION OF THE SENSE OF PLACE AND THE PROTECTION OF NORMALITY FOR LOCAL TEMPLES IN THE CONTEXT OF IN-SITU IN THE NORTHEAST, THAILAND ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24 juillet 2020) : 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-803-2020.

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Abstract. Despite local people’s frequent visits to the local temples having historic sites, close attention is seldom paid to the existence of the sites. This research was a qualitative research study based on the theory of Genius Loci by Norberg Schultz in the context of in-situ concept, conducted on four local temples (Wat) in the Northeast of Thailand. From the perspective of ‘in-situ’, the study found the historic sites in these local temples in a dilemma where conservation or renovation was performed with a lack of scientific and rational guidance although the temples still play important roles in the local people’s daily life. The in-situ concept was not abided during the restoration and revitalization processes under the negotiation and conflict of multiple discourses. The historic sites were not integrated with other building and surrounding landscape, especially the extending boundary. The four elements: “atmosphere, belongingness, culture, and aesthetics” were thus weakened or became ambiguous and embodied in the sense of place. When the historic sites are revitalized based on the concept of in-situ under the protection of normality in everyday life, the sense of place should be perfectly represented through popularizing of the conscious conservation of cultural heritage and strengthened negotiation of multi-social forces. This is an alternative way of safeguarding cultural heritage in order to strengthen the aesthetic and cultural value of historic sites in local temples.

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Gański, Włodzimierz, et Mariya Fleychuk. « The paradigmatic basis of architectural heritage management in the context of the modern philosophy of cultural property conservation ». Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts 50, n^o 50 (30 juin 2023) : 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37131/2524-0943-2023-50-1-11.

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Conservation of cultural property has been defined as all actions aimed at safeguarding cultural property for the future in order to study, record, retain and restore the culturally significant qualities of the object, site or building with the least possible intervention. Architectural conservation constitutes actions that address the repair, restoration, maintenance and display of historic buildings, enclaves of buildings and sites, as well as their associated accoutrements, such as furnishings and fittings. These actions whether conducted on individual buildings or groups of buildings represent investments in the future of such sites. Such regenerative action at historic buildings and sites usually increases values of adjacent properties and local economic conditions as well. Architectural conservation is widely regarded as the predominant activity within the larger and more diverse field of cultural heritage conservation, which is also referred to as cultural heritage (or resource) management. This field is concerned with the documentation and preservation of all forms of human culture, including tangible artifacts such as architecture, archaeological sites, cultural landscapes, arts and crafts, and other objects of material culture. Architectural restoration and rehabilitation offers new practical, educational and growth stimulus possibilities. In addition, cultural heritage conservation addresses intangible manifestations of human activity, including existing manners and customs (folkways); spiritual practices; and musical, craft and cuisine traditions of indigenous populations, all of which are considered living heritage. The general purview of heritage conservation practice is ever expanding which makes the field both dynamic and open to new participants who bring fresh talent and perspectives to the task. As organized heritage conservation practice expands with each passing year formerly disparate facts and representations of history take on new meaning and significance. In relation to this, both cultural and economic values at heritage sites constantly change. Changes posed by nature and humans on physical cultural heritage ensure constant change as well.

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Hobbs, Stuart D. « Exhibiting Antimodernism : History, Memory, and the Aestheticized Past in Mid-twentieth-century America ». Public Historian 23, n^o 3 (2001) : 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2001.23.3.39.

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In "Exhibiting Antimodernism: History, Memory and the Aestheticized Past in Mid-Twentieth-Century America," Stuart D. Hobbs explores the reasons why aesthetic concerns have trumped history and turned too many historic house museums into decorative arts museums. Hobbs uses the 1950s restoration of a house designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe as a case study. He argues that the painstaking research required for the restoration created a momentum of its own, and the story of the house as architecture and the story of the interior as decorative arts became the story at this and other historic sites. More fundamentally, though, he maintains that the antimodernism of many history museum professionals drew them to decorative arts interpretations. These antimodernists rejected twentieth century urbanism, mass production, and perceived cultural homogeneity. Anxious about a contemporary American society they interpreted as in decline, antimodernists celebrated an idealized artisan past as a means to cultural renewal.

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Daneshdoust, Dousa. « Value assessment of built heritage : a case study of Ferdowsi mausoleum ». Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, n^o 3 (16 novembre 2015) : 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-07-2014-0026.

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Purpose – Considering built heritage as public goods demands a lot of planning as usually historic sites and monuments are administrated by governments. The purpose of this paper is to propose and apply contingent valuation method (CVM) for the value assessment of historic sites as public goods. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this research is to apply CVM to assess the total value as well as sub values, use and non-use values of a historic site. Ferdowsi mausoleum in Tus historic area near Mashhad city in Iran has been chosen as a case study. Findings – The paper indicates that historic sites meet all the criteria for being considered as public goods and obtained high amount of willingness to pay proves the significance of Ferdowsi mausoleum to the people of Mashhad city and its tourists. Non-use values comprise the highest share of value and cultural identity has the highest value among non-use values. Practical implications – It is recommended that CVM be applied in cost-benefit analysis of historic sites. This is useful in the process of prioritization of restoration and maintenance of historic sites and could be used by policy makers in policy crafting processes. Originality/value – CVM has been used for the first time for a mausoleum and for a site in Iran and sub values have been measured for the first time for a historic site.

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Najimi, Abdul Wasay. « The restored mausoleum of Abu'l-Walid in Herat : Challenges in heritage restoration in Afghanistan ». Afghanistan 1, n^o 2 (octobre 2018) : 302–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afg.2018.0019.

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This is an account of the contemporary reconstruction of Abu'l-Walid complex (mosque and mausoleum) in Herat, the burial-place of a widely-respected-Muslim scholar of the third/ninth century. This structure was destroyed by aerial bombardment in 1985. Part of the complex was restored as a post-war measure to rehabilitate social and educational space for the inhabitants and children of the nearby village. The project also trained young architects and masons of Herat in the conservation of historic buildings. The mausoleum remained in ruins until the Department of Herat Monuments (DoHM) with support of local resources and pious endowments (waqf), reconstructed it between 2004 and 2007. Restoration of heritage buildings is a challenge in Afghanistan today. Absence of public awareness of the value of cultural heritages, government's limited technical capacity combined with scarcity of funds for preservation, and lack of budget for post-conservation maintenance, exacerbates the challenges of safeguarding historic sites and monuments.

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Elwazani, Salim A. « The Restoration and Conservation of Islamic Monuments in Egypt ». American Journal of Islam and Society 13, n^o 4 (1 janvier 1996) : 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i4.2290.

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This book is about the care of the Islamic architectural heritage inEgypt. The book's salient ideas amount to an argwnent for the necessity ofcare based on the implied quality of significance attached to monwnentsand urban districts as material testimonies to the country's history and culturethrough successive Islamic periods. The argument is supported by aseries of papers dealing with the causes of physical deterioration of thesetestimonies and the strategies and procedures for preserving them.That existing buildings endure deterioration in their structural andmaterial integrity over time poses no question. Familiar climatic elements,such as temperature and humidity, as well as normal use, dictate an incessantrate of deterioration. But eminent dangers, especially for historic buildings,stem from the oppressive acts of humans and nature. Widespreadindustry, population growth, land development, and wars all contribute tohwnan-generated building threat and deterioration; floods, hurricanes, andearthquakes, on the other hand, spearhead a gamut of natural forces ofbuilding deterioration.Relishing the value of architectural heritage and recognizing the needfor its protection have prompted many nations to develop plans and programsof protection. To clarify issues crucial to protection efforts, debateintensified, particularly in Western Europe and the United States, sincethe early years of the twentieth century. These issues revolved aroundsuch sweeping questions as why (rationale), what (scope), and how(means and methods) to protect historic buildings. The "why" debate resolutionsshaped the philosophy of preservation, and such a philosophyshaped, in tum and at least in principle, the answers for the "what" and"how" questions.Architectural heritage protection endeavors entered the internationalarena during the 1960s. Worldly conventions, charters, and organizationscame into existence in order to foster cooperation between world membersin the area of preservation. This situation presented opportunities, often forthe first time, for developing countries to initiate or strengthen preservationefforts at home. These opportunities were enhanced through programs ofinternational bodies, such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific,and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Council onMonuments and Sites (ICOMOS). However, opportunities to strengthen ...

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Ortega-Villamagua, Erick, Marco Gudiño-Gomezjurado et Alex Palma-Cando. « Microbiologically Induced Carbonate Precipitation in the Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Materials ». Molecules 25, n^o 23 (24 novembre 2020) : 5499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235499.

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Microbiologically induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a well-known biogeochemical process that allows the formation of calcium carbonate deposits in the extracellular environment. The high concentration of carbonate and calcium ions on the bacterial surface, which serves as nucleation sites, promotes the calcium carbonate precipitation filling and binding deteriorated materials. Historic buildings and artwork, especially those present in open sites, are susceptible to enhanced weathering resulting from environmental agents, interaction with physical-chemical pollutants, and living organisms, among others. In this work, some published variations of a novel and ecological surface treatment of heritage structures based on MICP are presented and compared. This method has shown to be successful as a restoration, consolidation, and conservation tool for improvement of mechanical properties and prevention of unwanted gas and fluid migration from historical materials. The treatment has revealed best results on porous media matrixes; nevertheless, it can also be applied on soil, marble, concrete, clay, rocks, and limestone. MICP is proposed as a potentially safe and powerful procedure for efficient conservation of worldwide heritage structures.

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Verma, M. K., et M. Yadav. « SURVEY PLANNING FOR DOCUMENTATION OF A MONUMENT FOR THE UNDERSTANDING, PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION ». International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-2-2023 (26 juin 2023) : 1607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-2-2023-1607-2023.

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Abstract. The three-dimensional (3D) preservation and repair of historic sites are increasingly in practice using modelling and digital documentation. This study focuses on replacing conventional techniques of historical documentation by creating a digital documentation procedure employing laser scanning for 3D mapping of a monument located in Prayagraj, India. To quickly record the entire monument structure, four scanning stations were planned, where three for the facades and one for the interior. A 3D structure of the monument and its elements dimension that included structural, architectural, historical, and non-engineering information was the end product. Researchers, architects, and conservationists can use this laser scanning-based technique to analyze data in great detail to identify weaknesses and conservation requirements. In order to preserve the monument's cultural relevance, it can also be used for virtual tours. Digital documentation can also provide an accurate monument record for restoration needs, protecting the monument from human- or natural-caused damage. Overall, 3D Modelling and digital documentation are valuable tools in heritage conservation, providing comprehensive records of heritage sites and aiding in practical conservation and restoration plans while making cultural heritage accessible to a broader societies.

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Gardner, Martin, Tom Christian, William Hinchliffe et Rob Cubey. « Conservation Hedges : ». Sibbaldia : the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, n^o 17 (5 février 2019) : 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2019.268.

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In May 2014, the first planting of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) conservation hedge took place, when the Reverend Anne Brennan planted a tree which had originated as a cutting from the ancient and historic European yew, Taxus baccata, in the churchyard of her church at Fortingall, Perthshire. This is one of almost 2,000 plants that will eventually form a conservation hedge of significant scientific and conservation value. The International Conifer Conservation Programme (ICCP), based at RBGE, has actively sought other opportunities to establish conservation hedges via its network of ‘safe sites’, using a range of different conifer species. This initiative is being driven by the potential for relatively large numbers of genotypes from a single threatened species to be stored in a linear space. It is well established that seed banks have a great capacity to store large amounts of genetic diversity, so we should simply consider conservation hedges in a similar manner. These super-hedges cram relatively large amounts of genetic material into a small space, capturing a great range of wild traits and potentially contributing to the restoration of wild populations. To date, conservation hedges have been planted at five separate locations at RBGE’s Edinburgh Garden as well as at four ICCP external ‘safe sites’. Although this article focuses on the establishment of conservation hedges using conifers, we have also highlighted some conservation hedges that comprise non-coniferous species.

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Hammoud, Jad. « An experience of the Conservation of Historic Buildings’ Facades in Old Saida City ». International Journal of Applied Science 7, n^o 1 (3 juillet 2024) : p8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v7n1p8.

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This article delves into the nuanced experience and challenges involved in conserving historic building facades within an old Saida city neighborhood marked by neglect and limited restoration efforts due to class dynamics and discrimination by heritage curators. Nevertheless, its buildings have been subjected to lack of maintenance and repair which led to processes of degradation with time and loss of some cultural heritage [6]. Focusing on a deprived area, the paper examines the challenges and opportunities encountered in conserving architectural heritage amidst socioeconomic constraints. Damage related to the collapse of building elements necessitates an investigation into the underlying causes to prevent such occurrences. This involves identifying a set of parameters to assess the hazards of façades and public exposure. Through a blend of community involvement in close coordination between the author who drives innovative conservation techniques, UNDP and the Municipality of Saida, the project sheds light on the potential for safeguarding the historical character to the damaged historic Musalkhiyyeh street arcades and façades, Kaniset el-amercani, Musallabiyyeh old market streets amongst with a specific square called “Furn el Saha” in old Saida historic city. The project falls under the UNDP project “Improving Living Conditions in Gatherings Host Communities”. The conservation project aimed to conserve those buildings, and promoted histories of places and people’s memories connected to the selected heritage sites. The project rehabilitated internally and externally for the three selected areas. It addressed both the physical deterioration and build the knowledge about the importance of the sites. By documenting this journey, valuable lessons emerge for policymakers, urban planners, and conservationists seeking to address heritage preservation in marginalized communities. Historic structures design and construction tell us much about the cultures and the history of a community that created them and about the traditions and events from which our society grew.

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Dragovich, Deirdre, et Farshad Amiraslani. « Conservation and Co-Management of Rock Art in National Parks : An Australian Case Study ». Heritage 6, n^o 10 (23 octobre 2023) : 6901–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6100360.

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Using rock art conservation as a focus, this paper outlines the levels of legislated protection afforded to designated natural and cultural areas/sites in Australia and describes the co-management approach adopted in 1998 in relation to Mutawintji National Park in western New South Wales. The park encompasses four different protection categories: a Historic Site, a Nature Reserve, a National Park, and a State Conservation Area. Known for more than a century, the Historic Site is a major area of rock art containing Aboriginal engravings, paintings and stencils. Management of the Historic Site is a key concern, given the tourist interest and associated potential for accelerated deterioration of cultural heritage. The Mutawintji Plan of Management pointed to the importance of Mutawintji for Aboriginal people to connect with the country, and the co-management model encouraged tourism development as a means of providing employment opportunities as Aboriginal guides. No special legislative requirements in relation to rock art conservation, beyond those already in existence, were applied to the co-management system. Using field knowledge involving rock art research and early guide training programs at Mutawintji and literature sources, this paper suggests possible future approaches to rock art conservation in the Mutawintji Lands.

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Jagrati, Sehgal, Kumar Atul et Prakash Ila. « Spiritual Revitalization of Indian Cities through Heritage Conservation ». E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020) : 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017005005.

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The aim and objective of heritage conservation with revitalization under Article 1, UNESCO Constitution is “To contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among the nations through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms”. Revitalization refers to bring back the essence of tangible and intangible aspects which has been diminishing on the urge of modernism. Through intervention of conservation techniques such as restoration, adaptation, preservation, reconstruction etc. the above aspect can be achieved efficiently. Conservation and revitalization of old Indian cities and its historic values have so far given low priority in urban development policies. There are 35 (27 cultural, 7 natural and 1 mixed) World Heritage Sites in India that are recognized by the UNESCO as of July 2016. Eagerness for the taste of development, the Indian cities are losing their architectural and historical assets. Thus, revitalization and conservation have to come in action to celebrate reputable past of our historic areas and to upgrade its way towards life. Various heritage sites are in dilapidated condition which are not being utilized or conserved in an effective manner Indian cities are going through a vibrant phase of urban renaissance; the study methodology of this research is based on continuous and organic approach of revitalization by amalgamating community and policy development followed by analysis of physical and spiritual attributes of the city. Research and study approach concludes with considerations for area revitalization approaches which maintain the typical urban tissue, essential qualities of the historic areas, life of the communities residing there and can also adapt the physical structures and activities to some of the present day requirements. In terms of intangibility, it is stressed to be seen as part of regaining the spiritual identity by suitable conservation approach, sustainability and revitalization will work effectively if they are unified into new concept of development.

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Stolow, Nathan. « The preservation of historic houses and sites : the interface of architectural restoration and collection/display conservation principles ». Studies in Conservation 39, sup2 (janvier 1994) : 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.1994.39.supplement-2.116.

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Trojanowska, Monika. « The new approach to commemorating open-air war sites on the example of the Museum of Westerplatte and the 1939 war in Gdańsk, Poland ». Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 11, n^o 3 (2023) : 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2023.11.3.3.

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This paper focuses on current issues in the development of open-air memorial sites. The concept of open-air museums is evolving in the twenty-first century to encompass sustainable protection of war monuments in their historical context. The cultural landscapes require minimal intervention. However, to ensure the viability of the museums and accessibility to visitors, new additions – in terms of architecture and urban design – are inevitable. The challenge is to guarantee the quality and coherence of any additions and to preserve historic landscapes. It is also crucial to ensure public acceptance of revitalization efforts. Open architectural competition might be a reliable means of delivering viable results, as demonstrated by the recent construction of a new military cemetery and restoration of the battlefield in Westerplatte in Gdańsk, Poland.

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Eldridge, David J., Ian Oliver, James Val et Samantha K. Travers. « Limited evidence for the use of livestock for the conservation management of exotic plant cover ». Australian Journal of Botany 68, n^o 2 (2020) : 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19183.

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Livestock grazing has been used for conservation management in some situations to reduce exotic plant cover, but supporting empirical evidence is scant. This is particularly true for eastern Australian semiarid woodlands and forests. We surveyed 451 sites across three broad semiarid vegetation communities (cypress pine, black box, red gum) in eastern Australia to examine the effects of recent and longer-term (historic) grazing by livestock on exotic (and native) plant cover. Because our focus was the use of domestic livestock for conservation management, our sites were mostly located in conservation reserves, travelling stock routes and native production forests where domestic grazing is approved via permit. We also included recent grazing by kangaroos and rabbits, which occur widely with livestock across the study sites. Structural equation modelling revealed that recent sheep and cattle grazing was associated with increased exotic plant cover in two of the three communities (cypress pine, black box), and historic grazing was associated with lower exotic (and native) plant cover across all communities. Recent cattle grazing-induced reductions in exotic plant cover in the red gum community resulted from declines in the palatable exotic annual grass Ehrharta longiflora. Higher intensity grazing by rabbits, sheep and cattle in the cypress pine community increased exotic plant cover by suppressing the negative effect of native cover on exotic cover. Higher intensity rabbit grazing reinforced the negative effect of nitrogen on native plant cover, resulting in increases in exotic cover. Overall, we found strong evidence that domestic livestock grazing reduces native plant cover either directly or indirectly in all three communities, but limited evidence that it would be a useful conservation management strategy to reduce exotic plant cover in these communities.

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Fiderewicz, Zbigniew. « ROLA „LIGI POLSKICH MIAST I MIEJSC UNESCO” W OCHRONIE DZIEDZICTWA KULTUROWEGO ». Protection of Cultural Heritage, n^o 4 (29 novembre 2017) : 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_15.

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„League of Polish Cities and UNESCO Sites” [„Liga Polskich Miast i Miejsc UNESCO”] was founded in 2004, on the 2nd Forum of Polish Cities and UNESCO Sites in Jawor. The League was established by local government representatives and curators of Polish UNESCO List Sites. In 2005 the Local Tourist Organisation Association „League of Polish Cities and UNESCO Sites” was set up, which was officially registered in and started to operate 2006. The League is located in Toruń, and it has its registered office in the Toruń City Hall.The statutory objective of the League is to initiate and support actions aimed at maintaining in good condition Polish cities and sites inscribed in the World Heritage List, ensuring their proper use and promotion. According to the League, a model action guaranteeing conditions for proper protection of UNESCO sites is the creation of dedicated funds, similar to the National Fund for the Revaluation of Historic Buildings and Monuments in Krakow, with an annual amount of funds granted from the budget of the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland. Similar actions could be undertaken with regard to the Historic Monuments.In 2012 the League established a financial support scheme, financed from its own funds, in the form of a grant for the purpose of pursuance of the Association’s statutory tasks, in particular financing necessary investments in conservation work, restoration works and other works carried out on sites inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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Murillo Camacho, Krisangella Sofia, Kalliopi Fouseki et Hector Altamirano. « Sustainability and Energy Efficiency in the World Heritage Site of the Historic Centre of Mexico City ». Heritage 6, n^o 9 (15 septembre 2023) : 6343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6090332.

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On 26 April 2017, Mexico formally adopted the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda to link the national government to local governments, the private sector, civil society and academia. The restoration of heritage residential buildings (recovery programme) and the construction of new residential buildings aim to create a diversified environment for populations at different economic levels. However, the restoration programme faces conservation challenges. Given this context, this paper presents the results of in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with stakeholders in Mexico’s heritage and energy sectors. The duration of each interview was approximately two hours, with 52,372 total interview words. The paper identifies prevailing opinions regarding prioritising historical values, energy efficiency, historic buildings and users concerning Mexico City’s Historical Centre, a World Heritage Site needing a more appropriate sustainable development plan. Using grounded theory and thematic analysis, the interview data were analysed based on the interrelationship between thermal comfort, energy efficiency and heritage conservation changes over time. The results of this research will strengthen our understanding of the interventions and processes involved in managing and living in this World Heritage Site and its future impacts on buildings. The approach also underscores the importance of how stakeholders prioritise different values in making energy efficiency-promoting decisions and enhances awareness of the decision-making process and actions adopted by heritage building users. Thus, understanding the dynamic interrelationship between values, users and energy could improve the sustainable management of heritage sites and future development.

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Mathews, Steven R., Peter S. Coates, Jennifer A. Fike, Helena Schneider, Dominik Fischer, Sara J. Oyler-McCance, Michael Lierz et David J. Delehanty. « Post-release breeding of translocated sharp-tailed grouse and an absence of artificial insemination effects ». Wildlife Research 46, n^o 1 (2019) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18094.

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Context Translocation has become a widely used method to restore wildlife populations following extirpation. For some species, such as lekking grouse, which breed at traditional mating grounds, reproduction is linked to culturally established geographic locations. Cultural centres are lost upon extirpation, making restoration into otherwise rehabilitated habitats especially challenging. The process by which species with culturally dependent reproduction sometimes become re-established is poorly understood and merits investigation to improve conservation strategies. Historically, population restoration of North American lekking grouse (Tympanuchus spp. and Centrocercus spp.) via translocation has yielded poor results, in part because translocation sites lack leks, culturally determined breeding locations for which breeding adults form a high degree of philopatry. Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus; CSTG) occurs in <10% of its historic range, but the existence of rehabilitated historic habitat provides for the potential of population restoration via translocation. Aims We reintroduced CSTG to vacant habitat in north-central Nevada, USA, from 2013 to 2017, with concordant goals of promoting females to nest and males to lek. We tested the utility of performing artificial insemination (AI) on females before translocation and we conducted paternity analyses to understand male reproduction. Methods We monitored females for the effects of AI on nest initiation, nest survival and egg fertility. We used post-hatch extra-embryonic membranes and other tissues to evaluate paternity of chicks produced at the restoration site. Key results Artificial insemination had no effect on female survival or nest initiation, and did not fertilise any eggs within nine sampled clutches (n=102 eggs). Most paternity was attributable to male residents that had survived for ≥1 year at the restoration site before the arrival of translocated females. Conclusions Artificial insemination neither aided nor harmed female reproduction. A small number of translocated, resident adult males sired reproduction following female release. Implications The presence of resident males at restoration sites may be more likely to result in post-translocation reproduction than is pre-translocation AI. Restoring CSTG to vacant habitat should focus on translocating females into suitable nesting habitat while simultaneously ensuring that reproductively capable males are available within or adjacent to the nesting habitat.

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Simou, Sana, Khadija Baba et Abderrahman Nounah. « The integration of 3D technology for the conservation and restoration of ruined archaeological artifacts ». History of science and technology 12, n^o 1 (19 juin 2022) : 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-1-150-168.

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The restoration and conservation of monuments and archaeological sites is a delicate operation. It requires fidelity, delicacy, precision and archaeological authenticity. The aim is to reveal, recreate as accurately as possible the characteristics of an archaeological site or part of it. Research during the last two decades has proved that 3D modeling, or the digital documentation and visualization of archaeological objects in 3D, is valuable for archaeological research. As well, as for conservation and presentation to a wide audience, as it allows the creation of realistic and accurate digital copies of archaeological objects. In the past, 3D modeling technologies were prohibitively expensive and too technologically specialized to be integrated into most historical heritage projects. However, advancements in computing and digital photography over the past decade have resulted in several low-cost, user-friendly options for 3D modeling, using photogrammetry. The latter has been used successfully for documentation of historic cultural. In recent years, this technology has become increasingly more popular for archiving, which provide the 3D model and digital ortho-image using high accuracy dense 3D points. The study has opted for the technique of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry by 3D surveys of architectural elements, to develop an archetype of the deteriorated Islamic Marinid site (a dynasty between the 13th and 15th centuries), and the Roman site (25 BC), located at the Chellah archaeological site in Rabat and Salé cities. However, the recognition of the importance of these Islamic sites, in terms of the evolution of Moroccan Islamic art, requires the combination of large-scale scanning capability of unmanned terrestrial, aerial photogrammetry and the photorealistic rendering of 3D, as well as exhaustive research on the history of this cultural site. The data acquired build an architectural database to archive and retrieve the entire existing architecture of monuments. This study has been completed by photogrammetrists, architects, and restorers.

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McLoughlin, Lynne. « The impact of planting for restoration of remnant bushland on its scientific and educational values : implications for conservation planning ». Pacific Conservation Biology 3, n^o 1 (1997) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970027.

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Large amounts of time and money are currently being expended in "restoring" damaged bushland in many parts of Australia, particularly those remnants in or near large centres of population such as Sydney. This paper argues that it is time to critically examine policies and practices of bushland conservation for the range of bushland values they are serving. Since the introduction of minimum intervention "bush regeneration" in Sydney in the 1960s "restoration" has developed to encompass a much broader range of disturbed areas from lightly weed invaded bush to totally cleared sites, and there has been a blurring of distinctions between regeneration and other restoration practices. In particular, both restoration and regeneration now include planting as widely accepted practice. Focusing on New South Wales, particularly the Sydney region, this paper reviews the role of values in current conservation planning and bushland management in New South Wales, the development of "regeneration", and "restoration" and the nature of scientific and educational values of remnant bushland, and examines how the practice of planting in bushland is degrading those values. Alternative methods to achieve natural regeneration, particularly the use of fire, are discussed. The paper concludes with an emphasis on the importance of developing a planning process for bushland conservation and management which establishes significance based on its specific values, and adopts integrated objectives and strategies, policies and practices, to protect that significance and ensure that restoration does not degrade the values for which the bushland is being preserved and restored.

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Podestà, S., F. Romis et L. Scandolo. « CONSOLIDATION AND RESTORATION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE : THE FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATER IN ROME ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24 juillet 2020) : 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-543-2020.

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Abstract. The recovery and retrofitting techniques adopted for historical structures and archaeological sites face an apparent dichotomy between conservation of constructions and the safety of users. Literatures show several examples where the current day structural safety of historical constructions, gets defined by the nature of past interventions, the compatibility of materials and elements used in retrofitting. The adopted interventions were, in their time, considered innovative, but over the years their compatibility and reversibility leave the historic constructions structurally vulnerable. For these reasons, a careful understanding of the structural systems is fundamental for the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions. Especially for monuments and Archaeological sites the objective to be achieved has to be clear, avoiding destructive investigation tests. In this work the instabilities caused by a consolidation intervention on some travertine columns in a sector of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as “Colosseum” in Rome, are critically analysed. The current consolidation operations are compared to the previous one. The restoration activity involves in-depth diagnosis process: the historical analysis of the failures and restorations of that area of the Colosseum, a survey of the crack pattern and an indirect investigation on the travertine of the columns. Subsequently the various data coming from the knowledge phase are elaborated, in order to have a correct interpretation of the causes triggering the failure and guide the choice of the most correct retrofitting techniques.

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Lind, P. R., B. J. Robson, B. D. Mitchell et T. G. Matthews. « Can sand slugs in rivers deliver conservation benefits ? The biodiversity value of tributary junction plug wetlands in the Glenelg River, Australia ». Marine and Freshwater Research 60, n^o 5 (2009) : 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08175.

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Restoration works are carried out to alleviate human impacts and improve habitats within ecosystems. However, human impacts may also create new (anthropogenic) habitat for species to exploit. A dilemma arises when proposed restoration works would remove anthropogenic habitat and the assemblages it supports. Sediment input into the Glenelg River has formed tributary junction plug wetlands at confluences. Sand slug removal is proposed as part of river rehabilitation, but would also drain plug wetlands. We sampled four plug wetland, four river run and three river pool sites to determine whether plug wetlands influence water quality and add to the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates in the Glenelg River. Water quality and macroinvertebrate diversity were similar in plug wetlands, river runs and river pools. Assemblages were distinct among all sites, regardless of type, so there was no characteristic ‘plug-wetland fauna’. Therefore, although removal of plug wetlands would not cause a dramatic loss of invertebrate biodiversity, it would destroy anthropogenic habitat that supports a similar range of species to natural habitats in a river subject to multiple degrading processes. Gains from rehabilitation should be weighed against the value of anthropogenic habitat and the extent of similar habitat lost elsewhere in the ecosystem.

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Wyborn, Carina. « Landscape Scale Ecological Connectivity : Australian Survey and Rehearsals ». Pacific Conservation Biology 17, n^o 2 (2011) : 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110121.

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Landscape scale ecological restoration and connectivity initiatives are gaining momentum in Australia and globally to protect and restore native vegetation and biodiversity. While these initiatives originated in response to habitat fragmentation and land use intensification they are increasingly framed within the discourses of climate change adaptation and ecological resilience. With a focus on initiatives over large landscape scales, this article directs attention to the social and institutional implications of this emerging, and poorly understood phenomenon. These initiatives represent a paradigm shift in conservation management in two ways: firstly, connectivity represents a move from a focus on “sites and species” to landscapes and processes; secondly, connectivity signifies a reconstruction of the role of government and non government organizations in conservation. While these initiatives show promise for integrated conservation management across multiple tenures, they face challenges of collaboration and communication across vast, diverse landscapes, communities and agendas. This article overviews emerging landscape scale initiatives in Australia and introduces a conceptual framework for thinking about social and institutional connectivity. While there is much debate concerning the science of connectivity, there is a distinct gap in our understanding of the requisite conditions for implementation. There is, however, existing research and practice on the social dimensions of natural resource management and conservation that could inform the implementation of connectivity initiatives.

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Marrocchino, Elena, Chiara Telloli et Carmela Vaccaro. « Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Construction Materials from Historical Buildings of Ferrara (Italy) ». Geosciences 11, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2021) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010031.

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This paper presents a chemical-mineralogical characterization of construction materials from medieval Renaissance buildings of Ferrara (NE Italy) to provide an insight into the nature and provenance of the raw materials used. Biagio Rossetti was an Italian architect and urbanist from the city of Ferrara. From 1483, he was the architect of the Duke of Ferrara Ercole I d’Este who in 1492 assigned him the project of enlarging the city of Ferrara. Biagio Rossetti is still famous because he designed and built many notable palaces and churches in Ferrara, e.g., the Palazzo Roverella, the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie and the renovation of the church of San Andrea. To date, only the first two historic buildings are still in use and consequently restored, while the church of San Andrea has been abandoned over the years and the remains have been subject to decay. Different kinds of samples (bricks, cotto, plaster and mortars) were collected from the three sampling sites and analyzed in X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffractometer to investigate the construction materials through the evaluation of their chemical composition, historic building activity and degradation degree. These investigations should provide knowledge useful for restoration and conservation processes.

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Marrocchino, Elena, Chiara Telloli et Carmela Vaccaro. « Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Construction Materials from Historical Buildings of Ferrara (Italy) ». Geosciences 11, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2021) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010031.

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This paper presents a chemical-mineralogical characterization of construction materials from medieval Renaissance buildings of Ferrara (NE Italy) to provide an insight into the nature and provenance of the raw materials used. Biagio Rossetti was an Italian architect and urbanist from the city of Ferrara. From 1483, he was the architect of the Duke of Ferrara Ercole I d’Este who in 1492 assigned him the project of enlarging the city of Ferrara. Biagio Rossetti is still famous because he designed and built many notable palaces and churches in Ferrara, e.g., the Palazzo Roverella, the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie and the renovation of the church of San Andrea. To date, only the first two historic buildings are still in use and consequently restored, while the church of San Andrea has been abandoned over the years and the remains have been subject to decay. Different kinds of samples (bricks, cotto, plaster and mortars) were collected from the three sampling sites and analyzed in X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffractometer to investigate the construction materials through the evaluation of their chemical composition, historic building activity and degradation degree. These investigations should provide knowledge useful for restoration and conservation processes.

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Portalés, Cristina, Pau Alonso-Monasterio et María José Viñals. « Reconstrucción virtual y visualización 3d del yacimiento arqueológico Castellet de Bernabé (Lliria, España) ». Virtual Archaeology Review 8, n^o 16 (22 mai 2017) : 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.5890.

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3D virtual reconstruction of cultural heritage is a useful tool to reach many goals: the accurate documentation of our tangible cultural legacy, the determination of mechanical alteration on the assets, or the mere shape acquisition prior to restoration and/or reconstruction works, etc. Among these goals, when planning and managing tourism enhancement of heritage sites, it demands setting up specific instruments and tools to guarantee both, the site conservation and the visitors’ satisfaction. Archaeological sites are physical witnesses of the past and an open window to research works and scientific discoveries, but usually, the major structures do no exist nowadays, and the general public takes long time and many efforts to elaborate a mental reconstruction of the volumetry and appearance from these remains. This mental reconstruction is essential to build up a storyline that communicates efficiently the archaeological and historic knowledge and awares the public about its conservation. To develop this process of awareness about conservation, heritage interpretation starts with the mental inmersion of the visitors in the archaeological site, what 3D reconstruction definitely helps to achieve. Different technologies exist nowadays for the3D reconstruction of assets, but when dealing with archaeological sites, the data acquisition requires alternative approaches to be used, as most part of the assets do not exist nowadays. In this work, we will deal with the virtual reconstruction and visualisation of the archaeological site Castellet de Bernabé by following a mixed approach (surveying techniques and archaeological research). We further give a methodology to process and merge the real and virtual data in order to create augmented views of the site.

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Soteropoulos, Diana L., Caitlin R. De Bellis et Theo Witsell. « Citizen Science Contributions to Address Biodiversity Loss and Conservation Planning in a Rapidly Developing Region ». Diversity 13, n^o 6 (8 juin 2021) : 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060255.

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Biodiversity data support conservation research and inform conservation decisions addressing the wicked problem of biodiversity loss. However, these data often need processing and compilation before use, which exceed the time availability of professional scientists. Nevertheless, scientists can recruit, train, and support a network of citizen scientists to prepare these data using online platforms. Here, we describe three citizen science projects sponsored by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission to transcribe and georeference historic herbarium specimens and document current biodiversity through iNaturalist for two highly biodiverse and rapidly developing counties in Northwest Arkansas, USA. Citizen science-generated data will be used in a county natural heritage inventory (CNHI) report, including a comprehensive list of taxa tied to voucher specimens and records for rare plant populations. Since the CNHI project started in 2018, citizen scientists have transcribed 8855 and georeferenced 2636 specimen records. From iNaturalist observations, 125 rare plant populations of 39 taxa have been documented. This CNHI report will determine the most critical taxa, habitats, and sites for conservation action in the region and will inform conservation stakeholders at the local, state, and federal levels as they engage in land acquisition, ecological restoration, natural resource management, planning of growth and development, and environmental review/regulation.

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Nakamura, Akihiro, Carla P. Catterall, Chris J. Burwell, Roger L. Kitching et Alan P. N. House. « Effects of mulch type and depth on the colonization of habitat patches by soil and litter arthropods ». Pacific Conservation Biology 15, n^o 3 (2009) : 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090197.

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Mulch is widely used to encourage establishment and growth of replanted vegetation in forest restoration. The presence of mulch may also benefit soil and litter dwelling arthropods, but little is known about how recolonizing arthropods respond to different types and quantities of mulch used in forest restoration. We employed a manipulative field experiment to assess the effects of mulch type and depth on the colonization patterns of ants and other soil and litter arthropods in created habitat patches. Experimental habitat patches of 2.5 m x 2.5 m were established by adding sterilized hay (a conventionally used mulching material) or forest woodchip (a structurally more complex alternative) at two depths (shallow 3?5 cm, deep 10?15 cm) to create conditions similar to those during the initial stages of rainforest restoration. These were deployed at five sites adjacent to rainforest remnants on the Maleny plateau of subtropical eastern Australia. Despite its simple composition, hay performed better than woodchip in facilitating colonization by arthropods characteristic of rainforest. Shallow hay was favored by rainforest-dependent ant species. Although the results supported the use of hay over woodchip as habitat for rainforest arthropods, neither hay nor woodchip excluded arthropods characteristic of pasture.

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Sepulveda, Adam J., Warren T. Colyer, Winsor H. Lowe et Mark R. Vinson. « Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect long-distance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, n^o 4 (avril 2009) : 672–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-020.

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Interior cutthroat trout occupy small fractions of their historic ranges and existing populations often are relegated to headwater habitats. Conservation requires balancing protection for isolated genetically pure populations with restoration of migratory life histories by reconnecting corridors between headwater and mainstem habitats. Identification of alternative life history strategies within a population is critical to these efforts. We tested the application of nitrogen stable isotopes to discern fluvial from resident Bonneville cutthroat trout (BCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii utah ) in a headwater stream. Fluvial BCT migrate from headwater streams with good water quality to mainstem habitats with impaired water quality. Resident BCT remain in headwater streams. We tested two predictions: (i) fluvial BCT have a higher δ15N than residents, and (ii) fluvial BCT δ15N reflects diet and δ15N enrichment characteristics of mainstem habitats. We found that fluvial δ15N was greater than resident δ15N and that δ15N was a better predictor of life history than fish size. Our data also showed that fluvial and resident BCT had high diet overlap in headwater sites and that δ15N of lower trophic levels was greater in mainstem sites than in headwater sites. We conclude that the high δ15N values of fluvial BCT were acquired in mainstem sites.

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Bellanca, Calogero, Susana Mora Alonso-Muñoyerro et Cecilia Antonini Lanari. « Accessibility of cultural heritage ». Protection of Cultural Heritage, n^o 13 (7 janvier 2023) : 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.2941.

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Accessibility is a fondamental point to enjoy cultural heritage. An operative aspect which with different theoretical methodologies and practical projects can reach critical-conservative solutions. A first step may be to conserve the different stratification, all historic periods, and the impact in the surroundings for single preexistences and archeological sites. For archeological sites, it is necessary not to forget historical solutions which contributed to inspire the Venice Charter. A second step is an urban dimension for the accessibility in the historic centres and the pedestrian itineraries. To summarize the values Riegl, as we know, divided them in two main groups: the memorial values as age value, historical value and intended memorial value; and the present day values as use value, art value, newness value and relative art value. And when there is a conflict between use value and historical value, the treatment of a monument should, above all, take into account the age value. This will be a principal for the guidelines in the problem of accessibility. Many of these problems can be resolve with an appropriate design. This reintegration of the image even for the urban restoration than for the conservation of environment. In this paper, we want to present different ways of making the cultural heritage accessible to everyone, not only the obvious priorities of physical accessibility, but also accessibility in the form of understanding and experienced.

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Rashid, Memoona, Muhammad Zeshan Ashraf et Rumana Khan Sherwani. « A Journey from Conception to Conservation : A Case Study of the Tomb of Nur Jahan at Shahdara, Lahore ». Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 5, n^o 2 (22 décembre 2022) : 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.52.05.

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Built heritage is very important for any nation. The objective manifestation of human mind is evident in the built monuments and historic sites. The tomb of Nur Jahan is one such monument which is reminiscent of the glorious reign of the Mughal Empire. It has its own importance because it is located in the Garden Complex of Shahdara, which has remained an important gateway to Lahore since the Mughal period. The tomb has remained a neglected monument in the Garden Complex of Shahdara due to various reasons. The objective of this study is to document the monument in addition to identifying its similarities with the other tombs of the complex, reasons of its decay, and the conservation work done. The tomb has lost its gardens, architectural elements, and landscape features. It has also sustained many damages and undergone repair with the passage of time. Previous studies showed that there have been multiple causes of decay, among which flood is a major one. Although, recent conservation has saved the monument from further deterioration. Thus, a thorough conservation and restoration strategy for this neglected piece of history would be developed using documented data and visually analysed historical asset, highlighting the asset's significance within the Shahdara Garden Complex.

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Hamann, M., T. Shimada, S. Duce, A. Foster, ATY To et C. Limpus. « Patterns of nesting behaviour and nesting success for green turtles at Raine Island, Australia ». Endangered Species Research 47 (17 mars 2022) : 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01175.

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To understand how turtles use the nesting habitat at Raine Island across a nesting season, and how the turtles respond to the restoration of the island’s dune systems, we identified 534 nesting events for 39 green turtles Chelonia mydas across 2 breeding seasons using data derived from satellite tags. Tracked turtles laid between 4 and 10 clutches of eggs. Patterns of nesting success varied between individuals, within and between seasons. Nesting success was higher in 2018-19 (57%) than 2017-18 (45%), and in both years, nesting success was lowest between October and early January (<50%). In 2017-18, increased rainfall in January corresponded with increased nesting success (>50%). The density of female turtles ashore was lower in 2018-19, and likely explains higher nesting success in 2018-19 because competition for nest space was lower. In 2017-18, females had more attempts per clutch, and the attempts were around 90 min longer. Consequently, energy required to lay a clutch of eggs in 2017-18 was significantly higher than in 2018-19, highlighting potential costs of lower nesting success rates on reproductive output. The area of beach re-profiled as an intervention in 2014 and 2017 was a nesting hotspot in 2017-18. However, in 2018-19, the area was not used to the same extent, and the nesting hotspot occurred on the north-eastern unaltered beach. Collectively, the tracking of turtles across the whole nesting season enabled us to assess overall beach use and nesting site fidelity of green turtles at Raine Island. Results will aid future planning and management of beach restoration activities at turtle nesting sites.

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Shabani, Amirhosein, Ali Alinejad, Mohammad Teymouri, André Nascimento Costa, Mahgol Shabani et Mahdi Kioumarsi. « Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Strengthening of Heritage Timber Buildings : A Review ». Buildings 11, n^o 12 (18 décembre 2021) : 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120661.

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Recent studies highlight the potential impact of earthquakes on cultural heritage sites and monuments, which in turn yield significant adverse impacts on economies, politics, and societies. Several aspects such as building materials, structural responses, and restoration strategies must be considered in the conservation of heritage structures. Timber is an old organic construction material. Most of the historic timber structures were not designed to withstand seismic forces; therefore, the seismic vulnerability assessment of heritage timber structures in areas with high seismic hazard is essential for their conservation. For this purpose, different strategies for the numerical modeling of heritage timber buildings have been developed and validated against tests results. After performing seismic analysis using detailed analytical methods and predicting the susceptible structural components, strengthening techniques should be utilized to mitigate the risk level. To this aim, various methods using wooden components, composite material, steel components, SMA etc., have been utilized and tested and are reviewed in this study. There are still some gaps, such as full-scale numerical modeling of strengthened buildings and investigating the soil–structure interaction effects on the seismic behavior of buildings that should be investigated.

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Wilson, Lucy, Richard van Dongen, Saul Cowen et Todd P. Robinson. « Mapping Restoration Activities on Dirk Hartog Island Using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Imagery ». Remote Sensing 14, n^o 6 (14 mars 2022) : 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061402.

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Conservation practitioners require cost-effective and repeatable remotely sensed data for assistive monitoring. This paper tests the ability of standard remotely piloted aircraft (DJI Phantom 4 Pro) imagery to discriminate between plant species in a rangeland environment. Flights were performed over two 0.3–0.4 ha exclusion plot sites, established as controls to protect vegetation from translocated animal disturbance on Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia. Comparisons of discriminatory variables, classification potential, and optimal flight height were made between plot sites with different plant species diversity. We found reflectance bands and height variables to have high differentiation potential, whilst measures of texture were less useful for multisegmented plant canopies. Discrimination between species varied with omission errors ranging from 13 to 93%. Purposely resampling c. 5 mm imagery as captured at 20–25 m above terrain identified that a flight height of 120 m would improve capture efficiency in future surveys without hindering accuracy. Overall accuracy at a site with low species diversity (n = 4) was 70%, which is an encouraging result given the imagery is limited to visible spectral bands. With higher species diversity (n = 10), the accuracy reduced to 53%, although it is expected to improve with additional bands or grouping like species. Findings suggest that in rangeland environments with low species diversity, monitoring using a standard RPA is viable.

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Ferrarese, Silvia, Davide Bertoni, Alessio Golzio, Luca Lanteri, Claudia Pelosi et Alessandro Re. « Indoor Microclimate Analysis of the San Panfilo Church in Tornimparte, Italy ». Applied Sciences 13, n^o 11 (2 juin 2023) : 6770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116770.

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This work presents the results of a microclimatic analysis in the church of San Panfilo in Tornimparte, in the Abruzzo region, Italy. The church of San Panfilo, dating from the XII–XIII century, preserves in the presbytery some marvelous frescoes of Saturnino Gatti (1494). A measurement campaign was organized from February 2021 to April 2022 with the aim of investigating the microclimate inside the church in view of the organization of fresco restoration. The monitoring activity was performed with intensive measurements on specific days during the year and with continuous measurements throughout the whole year. The main microclimatic parameters, relative humidity and temperature, were monitored in various sites inside and outside the church. Some physical quantities, such as dew point temperature, dew point spread and specific humidity, were computed from measured data. Measured and computed data permitted to evaluate the daily and monthly values, their evolution during the year, the daily fluctuations and delay times caused by the building. The resulting discussion allowed to identify potentially dangerous events for the conservation of the frescoes. Moreover, the historic climate inside the church was detected.

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C. Chessman, Bruce, et Simon A. Williams. « Biodiversity and conservation of river macroinvertebrates on an expanding urban fringe : western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia ». Pacific Conservation Biology 5, n^o 1 (1999) : 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990036.

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As in many growing urban areas, the prevention of environmental damage as Sydney spreads westward into the Hawkesbury-Nepean River basin is a major challenge for planners, managers and the local community, We surveyed macroinvertebrates at 45 river and stream sites in April-June 1996, and reviewed data from other sources, in order to assess the issues involved in conservation of the lotic macro invertebrate fauna, Regional richness is high with 443 recorded species and morphospecies, Cluster analysis showed community pattems related mainly to waterway size (separating the Hawkesbury-Nepean River from tributary streams), geology (tributaries on shale or sandstone), tidal intrusion and urbanization (impoverished faunas in urban streams). The ability of genus richness of mites and major insect orders to reflect overall genus richness at a site was limited, and Diptera and Trichoptera appear to have the greatest value as biodiversity predictors. Urban expansion is the major threat to lotic macro invertebrate communities in the region, but agriculture, flow regulation, sand and gravel ex1raction and introduced species have probably also impacted on the fauna, Streams with high conservation value for macroinvertebrates include those few on the Cumberland Plain and surrounding slopes that retain substantial indigenous vegetation in relatively undeveloped catchments. The Hawkesbury-Nepean River sfill harbours a rich faunal community and is also important for conservation, The development of effective strategies for conservation assessment and management is problematic for several reasons, Some species in the region are known to be vulnerable, but the status of most cannot be assessed because of a lack of taxonomic and zoogeographic information, Most "biodiversity indicator" concepts are of dubious value for aquatic macroinvertebrate conservation. A multi-faceted management approach emphasizing subcatchment reserves, riparian restoration and the control of threatening processes is required.

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Ashpole, Sara, Christine Bishop et Stephen Murphy. « Reconnecting Amphibian Habitat through Small Pond Construction and Enhancement, South Okanagan River Valley, British Columbia, Canada ». Diversity 10, n^o 4 (29 septembre 2018) : 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040108.

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The arid south Okanagan River Valley, British Columbia is a highly-modified landscape; where wetland and riparian habitat loss exceeds 85%, and 88% of remaining wetlands experience at least one harmful anthropogenic stressor. This multi-stressor landscape for amphibian species at risk led to a collaborative stakeholder approach for habitat restoration and species recovery. The main project goal was to increase the quantity and quality of lowland wetland habitat by reconnecting known amphibian-breeding sites with constructed and/or enhanced small ponds. Long-term amphibian monitoring data were used to determine strategic locations for wetland construction and/or enhancement. Habitat enhancement outcomes (Ntotal = 21 sites) since 2006 include 10 newly constructed ponds, enhancement of eight re-contoured ponds after historic infilling, and invasive predatory species removal at three sites. Project ponds were monitored annually (2007 to 2014) for calling frogs, the presence of eggs, and metamorphic emergence. Early signs of colonization and metamorphic success for Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana) (N = 13 sites) and Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) (N = 7 sites) populations have been observed, however no records of Blotched tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) colonization has been detected. Wetland habitat construction and enhancement have doubled the number of available fishless ponds to support breeding within the study area and engaged landowners through voluntary stewardship. Whether constructed or enhanced ponds have aided species recovery is unclear, though the colonization and successful metamorphosis of some species provides early supporting evidence that it will.

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van Etten, Eddie J. B. « Changes to land tenure and pastoral lease ownership in Western Australia’s central rangelands : implications for co-operative, landscape-scale management ». Rangeland Journal 35, n^o 1 (2013) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11088.

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The majority of arid and semiarid land in the Western Australian pastoral zone has a long history of livestock grazing within an extensive network of predominantly family-held pastoral leases. A variety of different groups have purchased pastoral leases in the last five decades and, for many, making a profit from pastoralism is no longer a priority. For the central rangelands of Western Australia, these groups have included: government agencies, who have purchased some 9% of pastoral leases by area; private conservation organisations (<1% purchased); aboriginal communities and groups (~7%); and mining companies (~13%). The purchases of pastoral leases by government agencies was designed to improve the conservation status of arid-zone ecosystems, and is the first step in a process of changing land tenure to a conservation reserve. This paper summarises the extent and other characteristics of these changes in land tenure and ownership of pastoral leases, and explores the implications for land management and conservation, stemming from these changes. It demonstrates that large areas of contiguous land with no or reduced domestic stocking can now be found in many parts of these rangelands, particularly in the Coolgardie, Yalgoo and Pilbara bio-regions, with some leaseholders actively managing land for the conservation of biodiversity and restoring sites degraded through past over-grazing. In some bio-regions, such land covers considerable proportions of sub-catchments, suggesting that broad-scale conservation management and restoration objectives may be realised. It is argued that to fully realise these objectives requires effective communication and co-ordination between land managers, including sharing of ideas, view-points and resources. In particular, mining companies, now major holders of pastoral leases in Western Australia, can play an important role in contributing to and even facilitating such objectives.

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Goldingay, Ross L. « Can a common snake provide conservation insights ? » Australian Journal of Zoology 66, n^o 4 (2018) : 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18079.

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The small-eyed snake (Cryptophis nigrescens) is a common non-threatened species in eastern Australia. It coexists with the threatened broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides), a species adversely affected by habitat disturbance and subject to poaching. The small-eyed snake is a habitat generalist and not subject to poaching. It may prey on other snakes, including the broad-headed snake, and, like the broad-headed snake, may shelter under thermally favourable loose rocks during the cooler months of the year. This may lead to interactions between these species due to the limited availability of such rocks, and possibly exacerbate other threats to the broad-headed snake, such as poaching and the loss of thermally favourable rocks. I conducted repeat surveys for snakes at 64 rock outcrops in Royal National Park over a 16-year period. I predicted that site use by the small-eyed snake would not be influenced by a disturbance variable previously documented to influence site use by the broad-headed snake. Observations were consistent with this prediction, confirming the unique vulnerability of the broad-headed snake. I used my long-term data to analyse the co-occurrence of the two species. The broad-headed snake was detected as frequently at sites with and without the small-eyed snake, suggesting that these species occupy outcrops independently of each other. Therefore, interactions with the small-eyed snake will not reduce the effectiveness of habitat restoration for the broad-headed snake in Royal National Park.

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Rus-Cacovean, Ioana. « Is “Conservation in Ruin” Always the Best Solution ? The Case of the Romanesque Church in Gârbova ». Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia Artium 68 (30 décembre 2023) : 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhistart.2023.03.

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Is “Conservation in Ruin” Always the Best Solution? The Case of the Romanesque Church in Gârbova. As the leading institution in charge of built heritage protection in Romania after 1952, the Directorate of Historical Monuments (DHM) took essential steps in funding, designing, and conducting various conservation works on sites endangered by earthquakes, looting, improper use, or defective historic restorations. Partially demolished by the local community in the previous centuries and seriously affected by neglect, the Romanesque Lutheran church in Gârbova, Alba County, was in the 1960s on the verge of collapse. After a thorough cause analysis, the DHM managed to prevent disaster by undertaking a rescue intervention in line with the international trends of the time. Thus, the site became one of the first DHM projects to design the preservation of a church in a state of ruin rather than its complete reconstruction. Part of our more extensive research on Transylvanian heritage conservation during the Communist regime of the 20th century and based on previously unpublished information found in the archives of the National Heritage Institute, our study aims at showing that despite DHM’s best intentions, the church lost the chance to be more than a romantic ruin to these days. By rigidly applying the international restoration principles, the Directorate disregarded the parishioners’ will, even though this was one of the very few examples where the owner was still interested in the monument and even suggested its adaptive reuse as a funerary chapel due to its location in the village graveyard. Keywords: Gârbova, Romanesque church, conservation, ruin, 1960s.

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Nwachukwu, Chijindu V., Chika Udeaja, Nicholas Chileshe et Chimene E. Okere. « The critical success factors for stakeholder management in the restoration of built heritage assets in the UK ». International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 35, n^o 4 (14 août 2017) : 304–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-07-2017-0030.

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Purpose Built heritage or historic assets (BHAs) constructed in the pre-nineteenth century in the UK are perceived to have certain characteristics which instill cultural significance in them and have seen them become valuable to the economy of the country. The heritage sector makes significant contributions to the UK economy through provision of tourist attractive sites, construction and servicing of heritage assets, heritage conservation, research, and commercial activities carried out within and around heritage assets. These benefits have seen them draw considerable interests from diverse stakeholders within and outside the heritage sector. Hence, a lot of attention is drawn toward restoration of such assets, from stakeholders of different interests, ranging from advocacies for no alteration to complete alteration of the heritage assets. As with construction projects, conflict of interests amongst stakeholders affect the outcome of restoration projects and the purpose of this paper is to examine the critical success factors (CSFs) for managing the stakeholders to achieve the projects’ objectives. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the views and experiences of practitioners in the heritage sector who have been involved with BHA restoration projects. A total of 32 CSFs for stakeholder management, obtained through rigorous reviews of literature, were subjected to a severe scrutiny with eight restoration experts to determine the importance of the CSFs in restoration projects. The outcome of the exercise was a modified list of 20 CSFs which were further tested on 52 restoration practitioners in the UK using a structured questionnaire to determine the degree of importance of each of the CSFs in restoration projects and their relationships as perceived by the practitioners. Findings The results of the analyses performed on the data show that most of the CSFs were perceived by restoration practitioners as truly critical and vital for successful management of stakeholders in restoration of BHAs. The results also indicate that there is a strong consensus amongst over 50 percent of the practitioners on the rankings of the CSFs. Practical implications The identified CSFs could be used by the restoration practitioners as a “road map” for the development of appropriate solutions for successfully managing stakeholders associated with the promotion and BHAs restoration assets. Originality/value Although CSFs for stakeholder management in construction have been studied by many scholars, no specific research could be identified prior to this study to have been done in defining the CSFs for stakeholder management in restoration projects.

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Bennett, Andrew F. « Eucalypts, wildlife and nature conservation : from individual trees to landscape patterns ». Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, n^o 1 (2016) : 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16007.

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Eucalypts — gums, stringybarks, box, ironbarks and mallees — are key elements of ecosystems occupied by much of Australia’s distinctive and unique wildlife. Individual eucalypts provide an array of food resources (e.g. foliage, seeds, nectar, sap) for animals, while shelter, refuge and breeding sites for many species are associated with the physical structures of eucalypts (e.g. dense foliage, bark crevices, hollows) and fallen material (logs, leaf litter). Stands of eucalypts make up patches of habitat that sustain populations and communities of animals. The size and shape of a patch, its tree-species composition and age structure, and the context of the patch (isolation, topographic position) influence the species that occur and the structure of animal communities. At a landscape scale, the extent and spatial pattern of eucalypt forests and woodlands and the types of land uses and disturbance regimes they experience (e.g. logging, grazing, fire) shape the distribution and conservation status of animal species across extensive areas. Eucalypts form a distinctive part of the natural and cultural heritage of Australia, yet too often they are taken for granted. The value that Australians place on the protection, management and restoration of eucalypts, from individual trees to ecosystems, will have a critical role in determining the future of Australian wildlife.

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Salton, M., M. Carr, LM Tarjan, J. Clarke, R. Kirkwood, D. Slip et R. Harcourt. « Protected area use by two sympatric marine predators repopulating their historical range ». Endangered Species Research 45 (1 juillet 2021) : 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01129.

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As large carnivores recover from over-exploitation, managers often lack evidence-based information on species habitat requirements and the efficacy of management practices, particularly where species repopulate areas from which they have long been extirpated. We investigated the movement and habitat use by 2 semi-aquatic carnivores (Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and New Zealand fur seals A. forsteri) at the northern end of their distributions in Australia, where after a long absence both are recolonising their historic range. We also assessed male fur seal habitat use overlap with terrestrial and marine protected areas (PAs). While at the margin of the range during winter and early spring, the males remained inshore close to terrestrial sites and where interactions with humans often occur. From early spring, the males from the range margin showed uniform movement toward colonies in the core of the species’ range prior to their breeding seasons. This contrasts with males tracked from the core of the species’ range that returned periodically to colonies during the year, and highlights the importance of range-wide monitoring of a species to inform conservation planning. Habitat use by some males included over 90% of a marine PA at the margin of the species’ range. Most terrestrial haul-outs used were within terrestrial PAs, while sites not protected were on the margin of the range. Despite wide-ranging habits, their dependence on coastal sites, where human access and activities can be regulated and more readily enforced, suggests that terrestrial and marine PAs will continue to play an important role in managing the recovery of these fur seals.

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