Sommaire
Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Histones méthyltransférase »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Histones méthyltransférase ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Articles de revues sur le sujet "Histones méthyltransférase"
Chaib, Hassiba, Thomas Prébet, Norbert Vey et Yves Collette. « Histone méthyltransférases ». médecine/sciences 27, no 8-9 (août 2011) : 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2011278014.
Texte intégralGarcia, Pauline, et Fabien Le Grand. « Histones méthyltransférases et myogenèse régénérative ». médecine/sciences 39 (novembre 2023) : 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023145.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Histones méthyltransférase"
Brustel, Julien. « Principes de la régulation des origines de réplication par la lysine méthyltransférase PR-Set7 ». Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13522.
Texte intégralIn order to ensure accurate inheritance of genetic information through cell proliferation, chromosomes must be precisely copied once and only once and then correctly distributed to daughter cells. Chromosome replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle and is initiated at discrete chromosomal sites called replication origins. However, the ability to activate replication origins occurs during mitosis of the previous cell cycle and continuing into early G1 phase. This crucial step, called DNA replication licensing, consists of the assembly of a multi-protein pre-Replicative Complex (pre-RC) onto origins, making them competent for replication. During S phase, pre-RC are inhibited by different ways, that ensures that origins are activated only once per cycle and prevents DNA rereplication (multiple initiations from the same origin). In metazoans, functional replication origins do not show defined DNA consensus sequences, thus evoking the involvement of chromatin determinants in the selection of these origins.During my thesis, I have discovered that that the onset of licensing in mammalian cells coincides with an increase in histone H4 Lysine 20 monomethylation (H4K20me1) at replication origins by the methyltransferase PR-Set7. By genome mapping of H4-20me1 signals during the cell cycle, we found that nearly half of origins that fire during S phase are associated with H4-K20me1 during mitosis, when the process of replication licensing is activated. This mitotic H4-K20me1 signature is highly significant for origins located near transcription start sites and promoters that are characterized by the presence of CpG islands and H3-K4me3 signals. Furthermore, tethering PR-Set7 methylase activity to an origin-free genomic locus is sufficient to promote a chromatin remodeling follow by a creation of a functional origin of replication and promotes replication initiation. PR-Set7 and H4K20me1 are cell-cycle regulated, with high levels during M and early G1 and very low in S phase. At the onset of S phase, PR-Set7 undergoes an ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, which depends on its interaction with the sliding-clamp protein PCNA and involves the ubiquitin E3 ligase CRL4-Cdt2. Strikingly, expression of a PR-Set7 mutant insensitive to this degradation causes the maintenance of H4K20me1 and repeated DNA replication at origins. This photolytic regulation controls the initiation of replication origin.This suggests that a cascade of lysine methylation events, initiated by PR-Set7 during mitosis, would define the position of origins in open chromatin structures
Hassenboehler, Pierre. « Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine arginine méthyltransférase CARM1 ». Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6152.
Texte intégralThe protein CARM1 "Coactivator-Associated aRginine Methyltransferase 1" was initially identified for its activity to coactivate transcription under the regulation of some nuclear receptors. This kind of activation process is regulated by a large number of coactivators involved at different stages. In this context, CARM1 was identified to methylates two major targets: histone H3 and CBP. CARM1 is also involved in other biological events like RNA processing and signal transmission. Disturbances of these different processes can induce cancers and CARM1 is by the way a new potential pharmacological target in chemotherapy. The results obtained during this thesis work are divided in four chapters. Chapter 3 presents the crystallographic structures of isolated domains of CARM1, alone or in complex with different cofactors. Chapter 4 describes the functional studies in solution by comparisons of different constructions and mutant forms. These studies highlight the crucial role of different areas and residues for the CARM1 activity. Chapter 5 details studies of interactions between CARM1 and selected target substrates (histone H3 and CBP). It has been done by three different approaches: interactions with full length proteins, fragments of these proteins and an approach consisting of covalently bind H3 peptides to a binary complex CARM1-cofactor. Chapter 6 presents a collaborative work done to discover CARM1 specific inhibitors
Kerbaj, Coline. « Investigating the role of OGT and c-Myc in modulating EZH2 functions in hepatocellular carcinoma ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10358.
Texte intégralHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer and leading cause of death, is a heterogeneous disease with no unique driver mutation. Up to 50% of HCCs harbor alterations in epigenetic machineries that represent promising therapeutic targets. During my PhD, I focused on the histone methyltransferase (HMT) EZH2 that is upregulated in HCC and related to therapy resistance. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex responsible for H3K27me3, a repressive epigenetic mark (canonical function). In cancer, EZH2/PRC2 represses the expression of tumor suppressor genes but EZH2 can also activate oncogenes and cell cycle genes in a mostly PRC2-independent manner (non-canonical function). EZH2 HMT inhibitors have demonstrated low efficacy in solid tumors suggesting that HMT independent functions of EZH2 are key in these cancers. EZH2 can be regulated by post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) whose expression is increased in HCC. Our data show that EZH2 and OGT are co-recruited to defined gene promoters in HCC and predominantly promote gene expression. To decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying EZH2/OGT-mediated gene activation in HCC, we assessed the roles of PRC2 and c-Myc that plays an important role in HCC and can be modulated by OGT. We showed that EZH2 and c-Myc are O-GlcNAcylated by OGT in human hepatoma cells and that EZH2 O-GlcNAcylation plays a role in EZH2 target promoter recruitment. Our data also indicate that c-Myc plays an important role in EZH2/OGT-mediated gene regulation. Interestingly, our results suggest that part of the non-canonical functions of EZH2 in human hepatoma cells may be PRC2 dependent. Collectively, our data uncover that OGT and c-Myc promote non-canonical functions of EZH2 in transformed liver cells and provide important insights for epigenetic strategies as potential future anti-HCC therapies. A better understanding of the regulatory networks controlling gene expression in HCC will open perspectives for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for HCC
Lhuissier, Eva. « Chondrosarcome : mécanismes de résistance aux traitements conventionnels et thérapies innovantes ». Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC407/document.
Texte intégralChondrosarcomas are bone malignant tumors, considered as radio- and chemo-resistant, due to their hypoxic environment. In this context, this study aimed to better understand the role of hypoxia in the resistance of these tumors to chemotherapy (cisplatin) and radiotherapy (X-rays) and to identify new therapeutic strategies to re-sensitize chondrosarcomas by epigenetic targeting of H3K27 methylation. First, we showed that, contrary to what is commonly accepted, hypoxia has differential effect on cisplatin or X-ray sensitivity in chondrosarcomas, while it increases cisplatin resistance and X-ray sensitivity only in one cell line. Secondly, 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) induces apoptosis in these tumors by a mechanism independent of H3K27 methylation and its methylase EZH2 and seems to act through the Rhoβ / EGFR pathway. However, it causes side effects on male fertility. In addition, its association with cisplatin potentiates its toxic effects on chondrosarcomas. The GSK-J4, on the other hand, decreases cell growth and its association with cisplatin increases this effect.This study highlights that chondrosarcomas use different cellular regulation mechanisms, showing the importance of conducting studies on several cell lines in order to better predict the response to treatments. In addition, these studies demonstrate the anti-tumoral properties of DZNep and GSK-J4 in the treatment of these tumors
Herbette, Marion. « Étude de la fonction de l’histone méthyltransférase SET-2 et de ses interacteurs dans le maintien de la lignée germinale de Caenorhabditis elegans ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN017.
Texte intégralPost-translational modifications of histones contribute to gene expression and genome stability. Methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me), a mark associated with actively transcribed genes, is deposited by the highly conserved SET1 family methyltransferases acting in COMPASS related complexes. SET-2, the SET1 homologue in Caenorhabditis elegans, is responsible for the deposition of H3K4me in the germ line, and its inactivation causes progressive loss of fertility. The purpose of my PhD work was to study how SET-2 and the methylation of H3K4 contribute to the maintenance of the germ line. I have shown that the absence of SET-2 causes increased sensitivity to DNA damage. However, the DNA damage-induced signaling and repair pathways are functional in the set-2 mutant. By DNA sequencing, I have also shown that the progressive sterility observed in the absence of set-2 is not due to a reduced repair capacity. Together, my results suggest that H3K4 methylation may act downstream of DNA damage signaling, potentially by influencing the organization of chromatin at the sites of double-strand breaks. I have also described a new function for H3K4 methylation in the organization of chromatin by showing that set-2 genetically interacts with the Condensitin II complex and Topoisomerase II, key factors in mitotic chromosome organization. Moreover, FLIM-FRET microscopy experiments have validated a role for H3K4 methylation in germline chromatin organization. Finally, using transcriptomic analyses, I have described a function for CFP-1, a component of the COMPASS complex, in the regulation of the germline transcriptional program independent of SET-2. Altogether, my results show how chromatin regulation affects the maintenance of a functional germline through multiple mechanisms
Herviou, Laurie. « Etude de l'implication de mécanismes épigénétiques dans la physiopathologie du myélome multiple et dans la différenciation plasmocytaire normale ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT019/document.
Texte intégralEpigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in gene expression regulation. EZH2, the catalytic sub-unit of PRC2, is able to trimethylate the lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) and is involved in the regulation of numerous normal processes, such as development and cell differentiation. Plasma cells (PCs) play a major role in the defense of the host organism against pathogens, by producing antigen-specific antibodies. B cell differentiation into PC is mediated by a fine-tuned regulatory network of cell specific transcription factors involved in B and plasma cell identity. Although numerous key actors involved in plasma cell differentiation (PCD) have been described, most of the epigenetic mechanisms associated with this process are yet to be unveiled. Using an in vitro model of PCD developed in our laboratory, we showed that EZH2 is upregulated in the preplasmablast stage (prePB) of the PCD. By analyzing DNA sequences associated with EZH2 and H3K27me3 in this cell type, we highlighted that EZH2 is recruited to and represses through H3K27me3 a subset of genes involved in B cell and plasma cell identity. Interestingly, in prePBs and PBs, EZH2 was also found to be recruited to H3K27me3-free promoters of transcriptionally active genes known to regulate cell proliferation and DNA repair. Inhibition of EZH2 catalytic activity resulted in B to PC transcriptional changes associated with PC maturation induction together with higher immunoglobulin secretion. Altogether, our data suggests that EZH2 is involved in the maintenance of prePBs/PBs transitory immature proliferative state through H3K27me3-dependent and independent gene regulation supporting their amplification. Moreover, while EZH2 overexpression was previously shown to inhibit PCD in mice, this study highlights for the first time that EZH2 inhibition can accelerate normal human PCD by prematurely inducing a plasma cell transcriptional program.EZH2 mutations or abnormal expression were shown to be involved in numerous hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease with a poor survival, characterized by the accumulation of myeloma cells (MMCs) within the bone marrow. We identified a significant upregulation of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) core genes in MM cells in association with proliferation. We used EPZ-6438, a specific small molecule inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity, to evaluate its effects on MM cells phenotype and gene expression profile. PRC2 targeting results in cell growth inhibition due to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis together with Polycomb, DNA methylation, TP53 and RB1 target genes induction. EZH2 inhibitor induced toxicity was heterogeneous in human myeloma cell lines and primary MM cells from patients. Interestingly, we found that MM cell resistance to EZH2 inhibitor could be mediated by DNA methylation of PRC2 target genes. We established a gene expression-based EZ-score allowing to identify poor prognosis patients that could benefit from EZH2 inhibitor treatment. We also demonstrated a synergistic effect of EPZ-6438 and Lenalidomide, a conventional drug used for MM treatment, through the activation of B cell transcription factors and tumor suppressor gene expression in concert with MYC repression. Moreover, EPZ-6438 pre-treatment was able to overcome MM cells resistance to lenalidomide. These data suggest that PRC2 targeting could have a therapeutic interest in MM patients characterized by high-risk EZ-score values, reactivating B cell transcription factors and tumor suppressor genes. EZH2 inhibitor could also re-sensitize MM patients to chemotherapies based on immunomodulatory agents
Vaute, Olivier. « Etudes fonctionnelles d'histones déacétylases de classe I ». Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30049.
Texte intégralChromatin is the real substrate of enzymatic reactions which uses DNA as a substrate. Thus, post-translational modifications of nucleosomal histones play major roles in the control of cell fate. One of the best known histone modifications is lysine acetylation. It is catalysed by histone acetyl transferases and removed by histone déacétylases. In a first study, I investigated the functional relationship between class I histone déacétylases and Suv39H1, a histone H3 K9 methyltransferase. In a second study, I investigated the involvement of the histone déacétylase HDAC3 in apoptosis of T lymphocytes
El, Messaoudi Selma. « Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène "cycline E1" par les arginine [sic] méthyltransférases CARM1 et PRMT5 ». Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20114.
Texte intégralBerthelet, Jérémy. « Effets des métabolites réactifs du benzène et d'une mutation oncogénique sur SetD2, une histone méthyltransférase ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC080.
Texte intégralSetD2 is an epigenetic enzyme that plays a significant role in hematopoiesis and is recognized as the only trimethyltransferase of lysine 36 of histone 3. The H3K36me3 mark allows the recruitment of effectors with key roles in various processes such as DNA repair, cryptic transcription repression and alternative splicing. SETD2 is one of the 50 most mutated genes in cancers, especially clear cell renal cell carcinomas and leukaemias. However, very few studies attempt to characterize in detail the real impact of these mutations on the activity, structure and function of SetD2. In addition, some tumors expressing a wild type SetD2 have a low overall level of H3K36me3, suggesting that the methyltransferase activity of the enzyme can be regulated by pathological mechanisms. First, we tried to evaluate the effects of benzene metabolites on the activity and structure of SetD2. Indeed, benzene is an essential compound for the chemical industry and is recognized as a class 1 leukemogen for humans. Its hematotoxicity is due to its metabolism in bone marrow into highly reactive compounds such as 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), whose genotoxic effects have been documented. However, the molecular mechanisms of benzene toxicity are not well characterized. We have shown that BQ irreversibly inhibits the methyltransferase activity of SetD2. Biochemical approaches have allowed us to understand that this inhibition was due to the formation of quinonic adducts on the cystein residues of SetD2 zinc fingers, which have a structural and regulatory role. In a cellular context, inhibition of SetD2 activity by BQ results in an overall decrease in the H3K36me3 mark in hematopoietic cell lines such as K562 or HL60 cells. The second part of our project focused on characterizing the effects of the Y1666C mutation on the activity and structure of SetD2. The position Y1666 of SetD2 is recognized as a mutation hotspot in cancers. In addition, this highly conserved tyrosine of SET domain enzymes plays an important role in enzymatic catalysis. We have shown that the Y1666C mutation completely abrogates the enzymatic activity of SetD2, both on histone and non-histone substrates, in an in vitro context as well as in a cellular model. In order to provide structural answers to our studies, we have determined the first structure of SetD2 in complex with its cofactor, the SAM. The analysis of the structure allowed us to highlight that the loss of activity of the mutated enzyme was due to the lateral chain of the C1666 residue. Indeed, the latter is located directly into the binding site of methylatable lysine, thus preventing any interaction between the enzyme and its protein substrate. This work aims to improve the understanding of oncogenesis mechanisms induced by benzene or mutations of a key epigenetic enzyme
Izard, Fanny. « Étude du rôle des méthyltransférases de la Lysine 20 de l’Histone H4 dans la dynamique de la chromatine au cours du cycle cellulaire ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT136/document.
Texte intégralIn eukaryotic cells, the organization of DNA into chromatin not only ensures its compaction into nucleus, but also serves as a dynamic structure that offers a range of possibilities for regulating DNA transactions, such as transcription, DNA replication and repair. The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which is constituted of 147 bp of DNA wrapped with an octamer composed of histone proteins. This nucleosome structure is versatile showing distinct variations, including post-translational modifications of histone proteins. Histone modifications contribute to the regulation of genome functions by altering directly the nucleosome structure or through the recruitment of specific chromatin-binding proteins. In this regard, the lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20) can be modified to generate three different methylation states: mono- (me1), di- (me2), and trimethylation (me3), with a unique activity being coupled to the specific extent of methylation on this lysine residue. PR-Set7 (also known as SET8 or SETD8) is the sole enzyme that catalyzes H4K20me1, whereas H4K20me2 and H4K20me3 occur through the action of Suv4-20h, which requires PR-Set7-induced H4K20me1 as a substrate. These enzymes are essential since knockout studies have shown that both PR-Set7 and Suv4-20h are required for mouse development and their loss causes DNA damage and cell cycle defects. However, the functions of different H4K20 methylation states and the associated enzymes still remain poorly understood.The work carried out during this thesis reveals that the concerted activity of PR-Set7 and Suv4-20h is required for the timely control of (i) heterochromatin assembly on nascent DNA and (ii) the licensing of a critical subset of late-firing origins necessary for the replication of heterochromatin regions in the following cell cycle. Both functions depend on the conversion of H4K20me1 to H4K20me3 and the specific recruitment of the H4K20me-binding protein LRWD1/ORCA. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated PR-Set7 depletion triggers a defective interphase chromatin compaction in cells that exit of mitosis, which in turn favor a non-specific chromatin loading of ORC and MCMs subunits of pre-replication complexes. Finally and consistent with a key role of H4K20 methylation in heterochromatin formation and replication, my thesis work contributes to reveal that up-regulation of PR-Set7 is a poor prognosis factor in multiple myeloma and that its inhibition by specific chemical compounds might be a great interest for cancer treatment in near future