Articles de revues : « Highly regulated basins »

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Zaniolo, Marta, Matteo Giuliani, Andrea Francesco Castelletti et Manuel Pulido-Velazquez. « Automatic design of basin-specific drought indexes for highly regulated water systems ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, n^o 4 (20 avril 2018) : 2409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2409-2018.

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Abstract. Socio-economic costs of drought are progressively increasing worldwide due to undergoing alterations of hydro-meteorological regimes induced by climate change. Although drought management is largely studied in the literature, traditional drought indexes often fail at detecting critical events in highly regulated systems, where natural water availability is conditioned by the operation of water infrastructures such as dams, diversions, and pumping wells. Here, ad hoc index formulations are usually adopted based on empirical combinations of several, supposed-to-be significant, hydro-meteorological variables. These customized formulations, however, while effective in the design basin, can hardly be generalized and transferred to different contexts. In this study, we contribute FRIDA (FRamework for Index-based Drought Analysis), a novel framework for the automatic design of basin-customized drought indexes. In contrast to ad hoc empirical approaches, FRIDA is fully automated, generalizable, and portable across different basins. FRIDA builds an index representing a surrogate of the drought conditions of the basin, computed by combining all the relevant available information about the water circulating in the system identified by means of a feature extraction algorithm. We used the Wrapper for Quasi-Equally Informative Subset Selection (W-QEISS), which features a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to find Pareto-efficient subsets of variables by maximizing the wrapper accuracy, minimizing the number of selected variables, and optimizing relevance and redundancy of the subset. The preferred variable subset is selected among the efficient solutions and used to formulate the final index according to alternative model structures. We apply FRIDA to the case study of the Jucar river basin (Spain), a drought-prone and highly regulated Mediterranean water resource system, where an advanced drought management plan relying on the formulation of an ad hoc “state index” is used for triggering drought management measures. The state index was constructed empirically with a trial-and-error process begun in the 1980s and finalized in 2007, guided by the experts from the Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar (CHJ). Our results show that the automated variable selection outcomes align with CHJ's 25-year-long empirical refinement. In addition, the resultant FRIDA index outperforms the official State Index in terms of accuracy in reproducing the target variable and cardinality of the selected inputs set.

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Polo, María J., Albert Rovira, Darío García-Contreras, Eva Contreras, Agustín Millares, Cristina Aguilar et Miguel A. Losada. « Reservoir impacts downstream in highly regulated river basins : the Ebro delta and the Guadalquivir estuary in Spain ». Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 373 (12 mai 2016) : 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-373-45-2016.

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Abstract. Regulation by reservoirs affects both the freshwater regime and the sediment delivery at the area downstream, and may have a significant impact on water quality in the final transitional water bodies. Spain is one the countries with more water storage capacity by reservoirs in the world. Dense reservoir networks can be found in most of the hydrographic basins, especially in the central and southern regions. The spatial redistribution of the seasonal and annual water storage in reservoirs for irrigation and urban supply, mainly, has resulted in significant changes of water flow and sediment load regimes, together with a fostered development of soil and water uses, with environmental impacts downstream and higher vulnerability of these areas to the sea level rise and drought occurrence. This work shows these effects in the Guadalquivir and the Ebro River basins, two of the largest regulated areas in Spain. The results show a 71 % decrease of the annual freshwater input to the Guadalquivir River estuary during 1930–2014, an increase of 420 % of the irrigated area upstream the estuary, and suspended sediment loads up to 1000 % the initial levels. In the Ebro River delta, the annual water yield has decreased over a 30 % but, on the contrary, the big reservoirs are located in the main stream, and the sediment load has decreased a 99 %, resulting in a delta coastal regression up to 10 m per year and the massive presence of macrophytes in the lower river. Adaptive actions proposed to face these impacts in a sea level rise scenario are also analyzed.

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Paraguassú-Chaves, Carlos Alberto, Fabio Robson Casara Cavalcante, Gilmara Ferreira de Lima, Ana Maria Morais da Fonseca Cavalcante, Carla Dolezel Trindade, Simão Aznar Filho, Ruy Drummont Smith, Simão Dolezel Aznar et Fabrício Moraes de Almeida. « Watershed Level Sustainable Development Index in Rondônia, Western Amazon ». International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 10, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2022) : 283–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss9.3908.

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Objective: to build a sustainable development index for the river basins of Rondônia, using factor analysis as an analytical model. Method: factor analysis was used as a tool for building environmental, economic, social and institutional performance indices. The adapted FECAM classification scale was adopted to express the results achieved by each river basin. Results: The set of current sustainable performance indices for the Mamoré River watersheds (0.444) was considered a low index, although the best compared to other basins; the Madeira River (0.419, low index); the Guaporé River (0.378, low index); the Machado River (0.289, low index); the Jamari River (0.307, low index) and the Roosevelt River (0.227, low index). There has been a really insignificant improvement in the rates from 10 years ago. Conclusions: the factor analysis showed efficiency as a multivariate statistical method in the construction of sustainable development indices for the river basins of Rondônia. The management of watersheds is still very ineffective, despite being regulated by state law. It is highly recommended to institutionalize regional public policies in the form of a Master Plan for the Rondônia Watershed.

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Dutta, D., S. Kim, J. Vaze et J. Hughes. « Streamflow predictions in regulated river systems : hydrological non-stationarity versus anthropogenic water use ». Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 371 (12 juin 2015) : 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-35-2015.

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Abstract. Streamflow in a regulated river system is highly influenced by storage regulations and anthropogenic water use in addition to climate variability. Thus, changes in climate-streamflow relationships and dominant hydrological processes over time are difficult to quantify in a regulated system without partitioning influence of storage regulation and anthropogenic water uses. This requires a robust regulated river system model, which takes into consideration of both hydrological and man-made flow regulation processes, as well as anthropogenic water uses. In this study, a newly developed large-scale river system model (called "AWRA-R") was used to assess the influence of both anthropogenic and climate variability/change on streamflow non-stationarity in the Murray Darling Basin (MDB). MDB is one of the highly regulated basins in Australia with multiple large and small storages developed primarily for supplying water to irrigated agriculture. The modelling was undertaken for the period of 1950–2010, which includes rapid water resources development and both wet and dry climate. The AWRA-R model was calibrated for a reasonably long period and then, validated on an independent period. The calibrated parameters were used to simulate streamflow under current and pre-development conditions to analyse the streamflow variability and influence of climate variability and anthropogenic development on streamflow trend. This paper briefly introduces the model and the method used for assessing streamflow variability under natural and developed conditions and presents the results and findings.

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Zhang, Y. Y., Q. X. Shao, A. Z. Ye et H. T. Xing. « An integrated water system model considering hydrological and biogeochemical processes at basin scale : model construction and application ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, n^o 8 (4 août 2014) : 9219–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-9219-2014.

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Abstract. Integrated water system modeling is a reasonable approach to provide scientific understanding and possible solutions to tackle the severe water crisis faced over the world and to promote the implementation of integrated river basin management. Such a modeling practice becomes more feasible nowadays due to better computing facilities and available data sources. In this study, the process-oriented water system model (HEXM) is developed by integrating multiple water related processes including hydrology, biogeochemistry, environment and ecology, as well as the interference of human activities. The model was tested in the Shaying River Catchment, the largest, highly regulated and heavily polluted tributary of Huai River Basin in China. The results show that: HEXM is well integrated with good performance on the key water related components in the complex catchments. The simulated daily runoff series at all the regulated and less-regulated stations matches observations, especially for the high and low flow events. The average values of correlation coefficient and coefficient of efficiency are 0.81 and 0.63, respectively. The dynamics of observed daily ammonia-nitrogen (NH4N) concentration, as an important index to assess water environmental quality in China, are well captured with average correlation coefficient of 0.66. Furthermore, the spatial patterns of nonpoint source pollutant load and grain yield are also simulated properly, and the outputs have good agreements with the statistics at city scale. Our model shows clear superior performance in both calibration and validation in comparison with the widely used SWAT model. This model is expected to give a strong reference for water system modeling in complex basins, and provide the scientific foundation for the implementation of integrated river basin management all over the world as well as the technical guide for the reasonable regulation of dams and sluices and environmental improvement in river basins.

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Jiang, Dejuan, et Kun Wang. « The Role of Satellite-Based Remote Sensing in Improving Simulated Streamflow : A Review ». Water 11, n^o 8 (4 août 2019) : 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081615.

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A hydrological model is a useful tool to study the effects of human activities and climate change on hydrology. Accordingly, the performance of hydrological modeling is vitally significant for hydrologic predictions. In watersheds with intense human activities, there are difficulties and uncertainties in model calibration and simulation. Alternative approaches, such as machine learning techniques and coupled models, can be used for streamflow predictions. However, these models also suffer from their respective limitations, especially when data are unavailable. Satellite-based remote sensing may provide a valuable contribution for hydrological predictions due to its wide coverage and increasing tempo-spatial resolutions. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of satellite-based remote sensing in streamflow simulation. First, difficulties in hydrological modeling over highly regulated basins are further discussed. Next, the performance of satellite-based remote sensing (e.g., remotely sensed data for precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snow properties, terrestrial water storage change, land surface temperature, river width, etc.) in improving simulated streamflow is summarized. Then, the application of data assimilation for merging satellite-based remote sensing with a hydrological model is explored. Finally, a framework, using remotely sensed observations to improve streamflow predictions in highly regulated basins, is proposed for future studies. This review can be helpful to understand the effect of applying satellite-based remote sensing on hydrological modeling.

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Amat-Trigo, Fátima, Mar Torralva, Daniel González-Silvera, Francisco Javier Martínez-López et Francisco José Oliva-Paterna. « Plasticity in Reproductive Traits, Condition and Energy Allocation of the Non-Native Pyrenean Gudgeon Gobio lozanoi in a Highly Regulated Mediterranean River Basin ». Water 13, n^o 3 (2 février 2021) : 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030387.

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The invasion success of non-native fish, such as Pyrenean gudgeon Gobio lozanoi in several Iberian rivers, is often explained by the expression of its life history traits. This study provides the first insights into the reproductive traits, fish condition, and energy allocation (protein and lipid contents of tissues) of this species, along a longitudinal gradient in one of the most regulated river basins in the Iberian Peninsula, the Segura river. Larger sizes of first maturity, higher fecundity and larger oocytes were found in fluvial sectors with the most natural flow regimes, characterised by a low base flow with high flow peaks in spring and autumn. A delay in the reproductive period, lower fish condition and no differences in sex-ratio were observed in fluvial sectors with a high increase in base flow and notable inversion in the seasonal pattern of flow regime. Lipid contents in the liver and gonads were stable during the reproductive cycle and decreases in muscle were noted, whereas ovarian and liver proteins increased. In relation to energy allocation for G. lozanoi, an intermediate energy strategy was observed between income and capital breeding. Our results support the hypothesis that the high plasticity of G. lozanoi population traits plays a significant role in its success in a highly regulated Mediterranean river basin. Understanding the mechanisms by which flow regulation shapes fish populations in Mediterranean type-rivers could inform management actions.

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Dibike, Yonas B., Rajesh R. Shrestha, Colin Johnson, Barrie Bonsal et Paulin Coulibaly. « Assessing Climatic Drivers of Spring Mean and Annual Maximum Flows in Western Canadian River Basins ». Water 13, n^o 12 (8 juin 2021) : 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121617.

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Flows originating from cold and mountainous watersheds are highly dependent on temperature and precipitation patterns, and the resulting snow accumulation and melt conditions, affecting the magnitude and timing of annual peak flows. This study applied a multiple linear regression (MLR) modelling framework to investigate spatial variations and relative importance of hydroclimatic drivers of annual maximum flows (AMF) and mean spring flows (MAMJflow) in 25 river basins across western Canada. The results show that basin average maximum snow water equivalent (SWEmax), April 1st SWE and spring precipitation (MAMJprc) are the most important predictors of both AMF and MAMJflow, with the proportion of explained variance averaging 51.7%, 44.0% and 33.5%, respectively. The MLR models’ abilities to project future changes in AMF and MAMJflow in response to changes to the hydroclimatic controls are also examined using the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4) output for RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results show considerable spatial variations depending on individual watershed characteristics with projected changes in AMF ranging from −69% to +126% and those of MAMJflow ranging from −48% to +81% by the end of this century. In general, the study demonstrates that the MLR framework is a useful approach for assessing the spatial variation in hydroclimatic controls of annual maximum and mean spring flows in the western Canadian river basins. However, there is a need to exercise caution in applying MLR models for projecting changes in future flows, especially for regulated basins.

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Zhang, Y. Y., Q. X. Shao, A. Z. Ye, H. T. Xing et J. Xia. « Integrated water system simulation by considering hydrological and biogeochemical processes : model development, parameter sensitivity and autocalibration ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, n^o 5 (22 mai 2015) : 4997–5053. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-4997-2015.

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Abstract. Integrated water system modeling is a reasonable approach to provide scientific understanding of severe water crisis faced all over the world and to promote the implementation of integrated river basin management. Time Variant Gain Model (TVGM), which is a classic hydrological model, is based on the complex Volterra nonlinear formulation and has gotten good performance of runoff simulation in numerous basins. However, TVGM is disadvantageous to predict other water-related components. In this study, TVGM was extended to an integrated water system model by coupling multiple water-related processes in hydrology, biogeochemistry, water quality and ecology, and considering the interference of human activities. The parameter sensitivity and autocalibration modules were also developed to improve the simulation efficiency. The Shaying River Catchment, which is the largest, highly regulated and heavily polluted tributary in the Huai River Basin of China, was selected as the study area. The key water related components (e.g., runoff, water quality, nonpoint source pollutant load and crop yield) were simulated. The results showed that the extended model produced good simulation performance of most components. The simulated daily runoff series at most regulated and less-regulated stations matched well with the observations. The average values of correlation coefficient and coefficient of efficiency between the simulated and observed runoffs were 0.85 and 0.70, respectively. The simulations of both low and high flow events were improved when the dam regulation was considered except the low flow simulation at Zhoukou and Huaidian stations. The daily ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N) concentration, as a key index to assess water quality in China, was well captured with the average correlation coefficient of 0.67. Furthermore, the nonpoint source NH4-N load and corn yield were simulated for each administrative region and the results were reasonable in comparison with the data from the official report and the statistical yearbooks, respectively. This study is expected to provide a scientific support for the implementation of such a modeling practice for integrated river basin management.

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Zhang, Shuai, et Huilin Gao. « Using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to Improve the Spatial Coverage of the MODIS Based Reservoir Monitoring Network in South Asia ». Remote Sensing 12, n^o 5 (25 février 2020) : 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050745.

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Satellite remote sensing of near real-time reservoir storage variations has important implications for flood monitoring and water resources management. However, satellite altimetry data, which are essential for estimating storage variations, are only available for a limited number of reservoirs. This lack of high-density spatial coverage directly hinders the potential use of remotely sensed reservoir information for improving the skills of hydrological modeling over highly regulated river basins. To solve this problem, a reservoir storage dataset with high-density spatial coverage was developed by combining the water surface area estimated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imageries with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data collected by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). By including more reservoirs, this reservoir dataset represents 46.6% of the overall storage capacity in South Asia. The results were validated over five reservoirs where gauge observations are accessible. The storage estimates agree well with observations, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.47 to 0.91 and normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE) ranging from 15.46% to 37.69%. Given the general availability of MODIS and SRTM data, this algorithm can be potentially applied for monitoring global reservoirs at a high density.

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Suárez-Almiñana, Sara, Abel Solera, Jaime Madrigal, Joaquín Andreu et Javier Paredes-Arquiola. « Risk assessment in water resources planning under climate change at the Júcar River basin ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, n^o 11 (14 novembre 2020) : 5297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5297-2020.

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Abstract. Climate change and its possible effects on water resources has become an increasingly near threat. Therefore, the study of these impacts in highly regulated systems and those suffering extreme events is essential to deal with them effectively. This study responds to the need for an effective method to integrate climate change projections into water planning and management analysis in order to guide the decision-making, taking into account drought risk assessments. Therefore, this document presents a general and adaptive methodology based on a modeling chain and correction processes, whose main outcomes are the impacts on future natural inflows, a drought risk indicator, and the simulation of future water storage in the water resources system (WRS). This method was applied in the Júcar River basin (JRB) due to its complexity and the multiannual drought events it suffers recurrently. The results showed a worrying decrease in future inflows, as well as a high probability (≈80 %) of being under 50 % of total capacity of the WRS in the near future. However, the uncertainty of the results was considerable from the mid-century onwards, indicating that the skill of climate projections needs to be improved in order to obtain more reliable results. Consequently, this paper also highlights the difficulties of developing this type of method, taking partial decisions to adapt them as far as possible to the basin in an attempt to obtain clearer conclusions on climate change impact assessments. Despite the high uncertainty, the results of the JRB call for action and the tool developed can be considered as a feasible and robust method to facilitate and support decision-making in complex basins for future water planning and management.

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Nogueira, MG, M. Ferrareze, ML Moreira et RM Gouvêa. « Phytoplankton assemblages in a reservoir cascade of a large tropical - subtropical river (SE, Brazil) ». Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, n^o 3 suppl (octobre 2010) : 781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000400009.

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The phytoplankton assemblages from eight reservoirs of the Paranapanema River were studied during two consecutive years. Chlorophyceae and Bacillaryophyceae dominated in richness. The observed high number of taxa, 234, reflects the extensive sampling programme and evidences the necessity of considering the whole hydrograph basin to assess the biodiversity status of inland water ecosystems. The dams had a negative effect on phytoplankton richness, with higher number of taxa associate to riverine (non-regulated) stretches. The tributary rivers also exhibited high species richness, showing the importance of considering the lateral dimension, in addition to the longitudinal one, for aquatic biota inventories in large river basins/reservoirs. Richness and diversity were also positively influenced by the connectivity with lateral wetlands (macrophyte-dominated lakes) due to the periphyton influence. The phytoplankton abundance/biomass was not influenced by higher water retention time. Higher values occurred in the middle basin stretches (river-passage reservoirs) due to the increase in the trophic conditions. There was a positive correlation with phosphorus. Poorer light conditions in the cascade do not limit the phytoplankton biomass, with assemblages dominated by species tolerant to turbulent conditions and high mineral turbidity. Bacillariophyceae and Cryptophyceae dominated numerically. The first group (unicellular forms) was prominent in the large and oligotrophic upstream reservoirs. The second was highly abundant in the river-passage (low retention time), and more eutrophic, reservoirs. Cyanophyceae growth is probably controlled by advection processes (wash-out effect). The zooplankton does not control the phytoplankton biomass and the diversity of both groups is positively associated in the cascade. The structure of the phytoplankton assemblages showed to be a good indicator of the operationally distinct reservoirs of the Paranapanema cascade and also reflected the changes in the trophic conditions along the basin.

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Smith, E. H., R. J. Abumaizar, A. H. Halff et W. E. Skipwith. « Simple mass balance approach for assessment of flood control sumps in an urban watershed : case study of heavy metal loading ». Water Science and Technology 43, n^o 5 (1 mars 2001) : 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0258.

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Levee sump systems are used by many riverine communities for temporary storage of urban wet weather flows. The complex hydraulics and transport of stormwater pollutants in sump systems, however, have not been systematically studied. The objective of this work is to present a case study, utilizing a relatively simple and low-cost methodology, for assessing the hydraulic performance of flood control sumps in an urban watershed. Two sumps of highly variable physical and hydraulic characteristics were selected for analysis. HEC-1 software was used to estimate the flow hydrograph for each outfall to a sump as part of the overall flow balance, resulting in a total runoff hydrograph for a precipitation event. To validate HEC-1 results, a water balance was used to estimate the total runoff using sump operational data. The results suggest that HEC-1 calculation provide a satisfactory estimate of the total runoff and its time-distribution to the sump. The hydraulic model was then used to estimate nonpoint loads of selected heavy metals to the sump and to the river. Although flow of stormwater through a sump system is regulated solely by flood-control requirements, these sumps may function as sedimentation basins that provide purification of stormwater. An example calculation of removal of heavy metals in a sump using a mass balance approach is presented.

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Carydias, Peter, et James Gregory. « Risk-based asset performance management in CSG production operations ». APPEA Journal 59, n^o 2 (2019) : 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18239.

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The coal seam gas (CSG) industry is an asset intensive and highly regulated industry, with each project having a large, complex network of upstream processing facilities. Each major project will drill over 3000 individual wells with around 40000 wells predicted across the Surat and Bowen basins during the lifetime of these projects. This high asset count poses a challenge for upstream oil and gas operators to meet corporate and legislative requirements, maintain asset integrity of the facilities; while delivering leading operational performance and return on investment in this cost-focused environment. In this paper, we propose that the effective management of these CSG assets requires a conscious cross-disciplinary, whole lifecycle focus on value realisation. We explore three ways that CSG operators can successfully achieve this by transitioning to a risk-based, asset performance management led environment: 1. Safe production and regulatory compliance – the geographic spread of CSG facilities poses significant exposure to driving risk when travelling in remote locations. We discuss how CSG operators can leverage existing data to create fit-for-purpose risk-based inspection strategies. 2. Maximising reliability – CSG consists of a complex network of interconnected reservoirs, process facilities and complex demand-side variability. This requires a fluid approach to the allocation of scarce maintenance planning resources. We discuss how CSG operators can use a risk-based approach to achieve an optimised ‘best value’ outcome. 3. Managing supply-chain cost and quality – we explore how CSG operators can deliver a step-change in integrity, cost-of quality and capital efficiency in their supply chain.

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Yassin, Fuad, Saman Razavi, Mohamed Elshamy, Bruce Davison, Gonzalo Sapriza-Azuri et Howard Wheater. « Representation and improved parameterization of reservoir operation in hydrological and land-surface models ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, n^o 9 (17 septembre 2019) : 3735–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3735-2019.

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Abstract. Reservoirs significantly affect flow regimes in watershed systems by changing the magnitude and timing of streamflows. Failure to represent these effects limits the performance of hydrological and land-surface models (H-LSMs) in the many highly regulated basins across the globe and limits the applicability of such models to investigate the futures of watershed systems through scenario analysis (e.g., scenarios of climate, land use, or reservoir regulation changes). An adequate representation of reservoirs and their operation in an H-LSM is therefore essential for a realistic representation of the downstream flow regime. In this paper, we present a general parametric reservoir operation model based on piecewise-linear relationships between reservoir storage, inflow, and release to approximate actual reservoir operations. For the identification of the model parameters, we propose two strategies: (a) a “generalized” parameterization that requires a relatively limited amount of data and (b) direct calibration via multi-objective optimization when more data on historical storage and release are available. We use data from 37 reservoir case studies located in several regions across the globe for developing and testing the model. We further build this reservoir operation model into the MESH (Modélisation Environmentale-Surface et Hydrologie) modeling system, which is a large-scale H-LSM. Our results across the case studies show that the proposed reservoir model with both parameter-identification strategies leads to improved simulation accuracy compared with the other widely used approaches for reservoir operation simulation. We further show the significance of enabling MESH with this reservoir model and discuss the interdependent effects of the simulation accuracy of natural processes and that of reservoir operations on the overall model performance. The reservoir operation model is generic and can be integrated into any H-LSM.

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Golić, Darko, et Svetlana Marković. « Legal nature of higher education institutions bylaws and their place in the hierarchy of law ». Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, n^o 1 (2021) : 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2101025g.

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The goals of higher education are achieved through the activities of higher education institutions, which are, in accordance with their guaranteed autonomy, performed on a basis of their bylaws and general policies. The law determines which subjects have a public authority, which subjects are competent to adopt the relevant acts as well as the general range of issues regulated by these acts. The Constitution of Republic of Serbia guarantees that everyone has the right to higher education and, in that regard, the Law on Higher Education of Republic of Serbia regulates the system of higher education, conditions, and methods of performing higher education activities including the basics of its financing and other issues. Management bodies and professional bodies of higher education institutions are specialized in adopting one type of legal acts. In this way, it is enabled these acts, according to their nature or subject matter, to be adopted appropriately. Therefore, higher education institutions, pursuant to the Law on Higher Education, regulate the area of their activities by adopting statutes, regulations, rules of procedure, and other bylaws. The aim of this paper is to point out the legal nature of higher education institutions bylaws as well as their place in the hierarchy of the legal system, and, thus, in the higher education system of Republic of Serbia.

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Valenzuela-Mahecha, Miguel Angel, Manuel Pulido-Velazquez et Hector Macian-Sorribes. « Hydrological Drought-Indexed Insurance for Irrigated Agriculture in a Highly Regulated System ». Agronomy 12, n^o 9 (13 septembre 2022) : 2170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092170.

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Water scarcity is an increasingly recurring problem for irrigated agriculture in Mediterranean regions. It is, therefore, necessary to establish technical and financial measures to enable irrigators to deal with this problem. This study presents a new index-based drought insurance scheme in an irrigation district in the Jucar river basin in Spain, a highly regulated water system. Three insurance scheme options were evaluated and, the values of the fair risk premiums, the maximum compensation, and the deductible franchise were established. These insurance schemes were designed in agreement with the preexisting drought system operating rules to reduce moral hazard and adverse selection. Risk-reducing and effective evaluation methods were used to determine the insurance coverage’s viability for irrigators: standard deviation gross margin, minimum gross margin, and RMSL. The proposed insurances were also evaluated using synthetic hydrological time series generated with a stochastic ARMA model through a basin-wide water resource simulation model developed in the DSS Shell AQUATOOL. Financial indicators, such as the basis risk and claim ratio were applied to analyze the economic feasibility for insurance companies. The results show that a suitable and efficient option is an early-bird contract combined with a trigger of emergency or alert state in a multi-year contract. This type of specialized insurance helps to fill the existing gap in traditional insurance schemes for irrigated crops and offered additional coverage to farmers under drought and water scarcity conditions.

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Kuzyk, Ihor, Ihor Vitenko et Volodymyr Tsaryk. « GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE STRUCTURE OF GNIZDECHNA SMALL RIVER BASIN ». SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES : GEOGRAPHY 52, n^o 1 (30 mai 2022) : 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.1.26.

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Gnizdechna river is a right tributary of the Gnizna river (Dniester basin) and flows in the central part of the Ternopil region. The length of the river is 39 km, the area of the basin is 26 400 ha, the average depth is 1,5 m, the slope of the river is 1,8 m/km. The valley of the Gnizdechna river is partially melioration and regulated, there are 4 ponds on the river. The aim of the article is to assess the geo-ecological parameters of the land use structure of the small Gnizdechna river basin. The following methods were used to achieve this goal: descriptive, geoinformation, statistical, mathematical and geoecological analysis, as well as special methods for determination the anthropogenic load, coefficients of ecological stability and anthropogenic transformation of the Gnizdechna river basin. The structure of land lands in the Gnizdechna river basin was analyzed. It was found that the structure of land use of the study area is dominated by arable land (65%), forests occupy 10%, built-up land - 6%, pastures - 9%, hayfields - 5%, perennials – 1,5%, land under water and swamps – 1,5%. The share of natural lands in the Gnizdechna river basin is 27%. The reserve of the basin is 17% (22 objects of the nature reserve fund, with a total area of 4420,5 hectares). According to the results of calculations, the article defines the coefficient of anthropogenic transformation landscapes of the Gnizdechna river basin which is 5,88; the coefficient of ecological stability of the study area - 0,3; anthropogenic load score - 3,7; anthropogenic load factor - 3,3. According to the obtained results, it is established that the territory of the Gnizdechna river basin is ecologically unstable with moderately transformed landscapes, rather high score and average degree of anthropogenic load. The prospect of further research remains the rationale for measures to optimize the structure of land use in the Gnizdechna river basin, in which it is necessary to provide for an increase in the forest cover of the study area by changing the purpose of individual land plots and the organization of their landscape-adapted use. According to the results of the geoecological assessment of the land use structure of the Gnizdechna river basin, it can be concluded that the landscapes of the study area are moderately transformed, ecologically unstable with a sufficiently high anthropogenic load. Such indicators are due to high agricultural development of the basin (82%) and, accordingly, plowing - 65%, low share of forested land (10%) and other natural lands (pastures, hayfields, perennials, underwater lands and swamps - 17%) . Which in turn forms a low share of natural lands in the basin of the studied small river - 27%. At the same time, in the basin of the river Gnizdechna there are 22 objects of the nature reserve fund with a total area of 4420.4 hectares, which forms a reserve of the studied area of 17%. To optimize the structure of land use in the Gnizdechna River basin, it is necessary to justify and implement a number of measures, which should be based on landscape-adapted land use, reduce plowing and increase forest cover, due to unproductive and highly eroded lands. The formation of an ecologically safe system of nature management in the basin of the studied small river will help to improve the geo-ecological situation in the basins of the rivers Gnizna, Seret and Dniester. Key words: Gnizdechna river, river basin, land use, anthropogenic load, natural lands, Ternopil region.

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Makrakis, M. C., L. E. Miranda, S. Makrakis, H. M. Fontes Júnior, W. G. Morlis, J. H. P. Dias et J. O. Garcia. « Diversity in migratory patterns among Neotropical fishes in a highly regulated river basin ». Journal of Fish Biology 81, n^o 2 (12 juin 2012) : 866–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03346.x.

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Wang, Jiyan, Yaya Qiao, Huanran Sun, Hongkai Chang, Huifang Zhao, Shuai Zhang et Changliang Shan. « Decreased SLC27A5 Suppresses Lipid Synthesis and Tyrosine Metabolism to Activate the Cell Cycle in Hepatocellular Carcinoma ». Biomedicines 10, n^o 2 (22 janvier 2022) : 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020234.

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Tyrosine is an essential ketogenic and glycogenic amino acid for the human body, which means that tyrosine is not only involved in protein metabolism, but also participates in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. The liver is an important place for metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. The metabolic process of biological macro-molecules is a basis for maintaining the physiological activities of organisms, but the cross-linking mechanism of these processes is still unclear. Here, we found that the tyrosine-metabolizing enzymes, which were specifically and highly expressed in the liver, were significantly down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and had a correlation with a poor prognosis of HCC patients. Further analysis found that the reduction of tyrosine metabolism would activate the cell cycle and promote cell proliferation. In addition, we also found that the solute carrier family 27 member 5 (SLC27A5) regulates the expression of tyrosine-metabolizing enzymes through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Therefore, the SLC27A5 and tyrosine-metabolizing enzymes that we have identified coordinate lipid and tyrosine metabolism, regulate the cell cycle, and are potential targets for cancer treatment.

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Haase, Volker H. « Hypoxic regulation of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism ». American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 299, n^o 1 (juillet 2010) : F1—F13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00174.2010.

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The kidney is a highly sensitive oxygen sensor and plays a central role in mediating the hypoxic induction of red blood cell production. Efforts to understand the molecular basis of oxygen-regulated erythropoiesis have led to the identification of erythropoietin (EPO), which is essential for normal erythropoiesis and to the purification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), the transcription factor that regulates EPO synthesis and mediates cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms that control and integrate cellular and systemic erythropoiesis-promoting hypoxia responses and their potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of renal anemia are discussed in this review.

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Feracci, Mikael, Jaelle Foot et Cyril Dominguez. « Structural investigations of the RNA-binding properties of STAR proteins ». Biochemical Society Transactions 42, n^o 4 (1 août 2014) : 1141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140081.

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STAR (signal transduction and activation of RNA) proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins that regulate post-transcriptional gene regulation events at various levels, such as pre-mRNA alternative splicing, RNA export, translation and stability. Most of these proteins are regulated by signalling pathways through post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and arginine methylation. These proteins share a highly conserved RNA-binding domain, denoted STAR domain. Structural investigations of this STAR domain in complex with RNA have highlighted how a subset of STAR proteins specifically recognizes its RNA targets. The present review focuses on the structural basis of RNA recognition by this family of proteins.

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Massey, Rachel I., Heather Tenney et Elizabeth Harriman. « Higher Hazard Substances under the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act : Lessons from the First Four Years ». NEW SOLUTIONS : A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 21, n^o 3 (14 octobre 2011) : 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns.21.3.k.

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The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA) has achieved significant reductions in toxic chemical use in Massachusetts, using a combination of regulatory and voluntary measures. Historically the program has regulated only users of relatively large quantities of toxic chemicals, with services provided to facilities of all sizes on a voluntary basis. Statutory amendments adopted in 2006 created an authority to designate Higher and Lower Hazard Substances (HHS and LHS). The HHS designation extends TURA program requirements to smaller quantity chemical users. This article reports on experiences from the first four years of implementing this new authority. A case study of trichloroethylene is provided as an example. The article also discusses steps taken to regulate n-propyl bromide, a drop-in substitute for TCE that is minimally regulated at the federal level. TURA program experiences may be of interest to other jurisdictions that are working to reach small-quantity chemical users, and to categorize and prioritize chemicals.

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Romeo, Yves, Xiaocui Zhang et Philippe P. Roux. « Regulation and function of the RSK family of protein kinases ». Biochemical Journal 441, n^o 2 (21 décembre 2011) : 553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110289.

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The RSK (90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase) family comprises a group of highly related serine/threonine kinases that regulate diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, survival and motility. This family includes four vertebrate isoforms (RSK1, RSK2, RSK3 and RSK4), and single family member orthologues are also present in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. The RSK isoforms are downstream effectors of the Ras/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) signalling pathway. Significant advances in the field of RSK signalling have occurred in the past few years, including several new functions ascribed to the RSK isoforms, the discovery of novel protein substrates and the implication of different RSK isoforms in cancer. Collectively, these new findings increase the diversity of biological functions regulated by RSK, and highlight potential new directions of research. In the present paper, we review the structure, expression and activation mechanisms of the RSK isoforms, and discuss their physiological roles on the basis of established substrates and recent discoveries.

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Sun, Di, Jiaqi An, Zixu Cui, Jiao Li, Ziwei You, Chang Lu, Yang Yang et al. « CircCSDE1 Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts by Sponging miR-21-3p ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 19 (10 octobre 2022) : 12038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231912038.

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The growth and development of skeletal muscle is regulated by many factors, and recent studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can participate in this process. The model of porcine skeletal muscle injury was constructed to search for circRNAs that can regulate the growth and development of skeletal muscle in pigs. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, a novel circRNA (circCSDE1) was screened out, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Functional studies in C2C12 cells demonstrated that circCSDE1 could promote proliferation and inhibit myoblast differentiation, while opposing changes were observed by circCSDE1 knockdown. A dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that circCSDE1 directly targeted miR-21-3p to regulate the expression of the downstream target gene (Cyclin-dependent kinase 16, CDK16). Moreover, miR-21-3p could inhibit proliferation and promote myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells, opposite with the effects of circCSDE1. Additionally, the rescue experiments offered further evidence that circCSDE1 and its target, miR-21-3p, work together to regulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs.

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Zhang, Yongyong, Jun Xia, Quanxi Shao et Xiaoyan Zhai. « Water quantity and quality simulation by improved SWAT in highly regulated Huai River Basin of China ». Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 27, n^o 1 (8 décembre 2011) : 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-011-0546-9.

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Wang, Xun, Chao Wang, Peifang Wang, Juan Chen, Lingzhan Miao, Tao Feng, Qiusheng Yuan et Sheng Liu. « How bacterioplankton community can go with cascade damming in the highly regulated Lancang-Mekong River Basin ». Molecular Ecology 27, n^o 22 (16 octobre 2018) : 4444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14870.

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Roy, Neeladri Sekhar, Xiaoying Jian, Olivier Soubias, Peng Zhai, Jessica R. Hall, Jessica N. Dagher, Nathan P. Coussens et al. « Interaction of the N terminus of ADP-ribosylation factor with the PH domain of the GTPase-activating protein ASAP1 requires phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ». Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, n^o 46 (6 octobre 2019) : 17354–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.009269.

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Arf GAP with Src homology 3 domain, ankyrin repeat, and pleckstrin homology (PH) domain 1 (ASAP1) is a multidomain GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-type GTPases. ASAP1 affects integrin adhesions, the actin cytoskeleton, and invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. ASAP1's cellular function depends on its highly-regulated and robust ARF GAP activity, requiring both the PH and the ARF GAP domains of ASAP1, and is modulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The mechanistic basis of PIP2-stimulated GAP activity is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether PIP2 controls binding of the N-terminal extension of ARF1 to ASAP1's PH domain and thereby regulates its GAP activity. Using [Δ17]ARF1, lacking the N terminus, we found that PIP2 has little effect on ASAP1's activity. A soluble PIP2 analog, dioctanoyl-PIP2 (diC8PIP2), stimulated GAP activity on an N terminus–containing variant, [L8K]ARF1, but only marginally affected activity on [Δ17]ARF1. A peptide comprising residues 2–17 of ARF1 ([2–17]ARF1) inhibited GAP activity, and PIP2-dependently bound to a protein containing the PH domain and a 17-amino acid-long interdomain linker immediately N-terminal to the first β-strand of the PH domain. Point mutations in either the linker or the C-terminal α-helix of the PH domain decreased [2–17]ARF1 binding and GAP activity. Mutations that reduced ARF1 N-terminal binding to the PH domain also reduced the effect of ASAP1 on cellular actin remodeling. Mutations in the ARF N terminus that reduced binding also reduced GAP activity. We conclude that PIP2 regulates binding of ASAP1's PH domain to the ARF1 N terminus, which may partially regulate GAP activity.

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Martin, Jennifer. « The mystery of membrane fusion : structural biology of Munc18 proteins ». Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5 août 2014) : C30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099690.

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Membrane fusion is a fundamentally important process that underpins systems as diverse as neurotransmission and blood glucose control. The importance of the process is evident by the award of the 2013 Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine to Rothman, Schekman and Südhof for identifying the molecular components required for fusion and showing that these are conserved from yeast to humans. Abnormalities in this process contribute to a wide range of diseases including diabetes and neurological disorders. A key regulator of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion is the Sec1p/Munc18 (SM) protein family. Whilst the molecular basis for SM protein-regulated SNARE complex formation has been extensively studied, it remains poorly understood. This presentation will focus on the structural biology of Munc18 proteins that provide clues to how these enigmatic and highly plastic proteins regulate membrane fusion.

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Vicente-Serrano, S. M., J. Zabalza-Martínez, G. Borràs, J. I. López-Moreno, E. Pla, D. Pascual, R. Savé et al. « Extreme hydrological events and the influence of reservoirs in a highly regulated river basin of northeastern Spain ». Journal of Hydrology : Regional Studies 12 (août 2017) : 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.01.004.

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Shi, Wei, Jun Xia et Xiang Zhang. « Influences of anthropogenic activities and topography on water quality in the highly regulated Huai River basin, China ». Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, n^o 21 (10 août 2016) : 21460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7368-8.

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Cui, Jie, Junli Liu, Junliang Li, Dayou Cheng et Cuihong Dai. « Genome-wide sequence identification and expression analysis of N⁶-methyladenosine demethylase in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under salt stress ». PeerJ 10 (5 janvier 2022) : e12719. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12719.

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In eukaryotes, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant and highly conserved RNA modification. In vivo, m6A demethylase dynamically regulates the m6A level by removing the m6A marker where it plays an important role in plant growth, development and response to abiotic stress. The confirmed m6A demethylases in Arabidopsis thaliana include ALKBH9B and ALKBH10B, both belonging to the ALKB family. In this study, BvALKB family members were identified in sugar beet genome-wide database, and their conserved domains, gene structures, chromosomal locations, phylogeny, conserved motifs and expression of BvALKB genes were analyzed. Almost all BvALKB proteins contained the conserved domain of 2OG-Fe II-Oxy. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the ten proteins were clustered into five groups, each of which had similar motifs and gene structures. Three Arabidopsis m6A demethylase-homologous proteins (BvALKBH6B, BvALKBH8B and BvALKBH10B) were of particular interest in our study. Expression profile analysis showed that almost all genes were up-regulated or down-regulated to varying degrees under salt stress. More specifically, BvALKBH10B homologous to AtALKBH10B was significantly up-regulated, suggesting that the transcriptional activity of this gene is responsive to salt stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for further screening of m6A demethylase in sugar beet, and also lays a foundation for studying the role of ALKB family proteins in growth, development and response to salinity stress.

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Farooqi, I. Sadaf. « EJE PRIZE 2012 : Obesity : from genes to behaviour ». European Journal of Endocrinology 171, n^o 5 (novembre 2014) : R191—R195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-0684.

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An increase in the consumption of highly palatable foods coupled with a reduction in the amount of voluntary exercise undertaken has contributed to the rising prevalence of obesity. However, despite the obvious environmental influences, there is considerable evidence to support a genetic component to weight gain. In some people, particularly those who are severely obese, genetic factors play a major role in the development of their obesity and associated complications. Studies into the genetic basis of obesity have yielded insights into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of weight. We now understand that weight is regulated by neural mechanisms that regulate appetite and energy expenditure and that disruption of these pathways can result in severe obesity in some patients. These studies provide a starting point for investigating patients with severe obesity and may ultimately guide the development of more rational targeted therapies.

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Carroll, Veronica A., et Margaret Ashcroft. « Targeting the molecular basis for tumour hypoxia ». Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 7, n^o 6 (15 avril 2005) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399405009117.

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Tumour hypoxia stems from impaired oxygen delivery as a result of a disorganised tumour vasculature and inadequate blood supply. Hypoxic tumours are highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy and correlate with a poor patient prognosis. Hypoxia is a powerful stimulus for the expression of genes involved in cell survival and angiogenesis. A key factor in this process is hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which regulates transcription of hypoxia-activated genes. Efforts are currently under way to develop targeted cancer therapeutics to hypoxia-activated pathways, and in particular to the transcription factor HIF.

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Hou, Lijiang, Aihua Zhang, Ruochen Wang, Peng Zhao, Dongzhi Zhang, Yujie Jiang, Chamila Jeewani Diddugodage, Xiaoming Wang, Zhongfu Ni et Shengbao Xu. « Brassinosteroid Regulates Root Development with Highly Redundant Genes in Hexaploid Wheat ». Plant and Cell Physiology 60, n^o 8 (17 mai 2019) : 1761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz088.

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Abstract Brassinosteroid (BR) plays an important role in plant development and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, but its specific function remains largely unknown in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), preventing its utilization in this important crop. In this study, the function of BR and its underlying cytological role in wheat root development were comprehensively investigated. Our findings demonstrated that BR has a conserved function in regulating root length in wheat, and novel roles in regulating lateral root emergence and root diameter were uncovered. Analyses of BR homologous gene composition and evolutionary divergence demonstrated that the genetic framework of the wheat BR pathway was close to that of rice, but contained highly redundant homologous copies of genes from the subgenome A, B and D. These homologous copies showed active expression and shared a conserved BR response. The expression of wheat DWF4 and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) genes in Arabidopsis confirmed that multiple homologous copies maintained their conserved function in regulating root development, highlighting their redundant status and indicating that a special challenge exists in wheat gene modification to deal with this high redundancy. However, our results suggested that the hypermorphic effect of T. aestivum GSK (TaGSK) genes with point mutations may be an effective approach to overcome this redundancy in the manipulation of BR signaling in wheat. Our study provides fundamental data uncovering the function of BR in wheat root development, the underlying genetic basis and a possible strategy to manipulate BR signaling in hexaploid wheat.

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Xu, Jun, Qianqian Xian, Ningyuan Zhang, Ke Wang, Xin Zhou, Yansong Li, Jingping Dong et Xuehao Chen. « Identification of miRNA-Target Gene Pairs Responsive to Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber via an Integrated Analysis of miRNA and Transcriptome Profiles ». Biomolecules 11, n^o 11 (2 novembre 2021) : 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111620.

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Fusarium wilt (FW) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc) is a destructive soil-borne disease that severely decreases cucumber yield and quality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) that are important for regulating host immunity because they affect target gene expression. However, the specific miRNAs and the miRNA/target gene crosstalk involved in cucumber resistance to FW remain unknown. In this study, we compared sRNA-seq and RNA-seq data for cucumber cultivar ‘Rijiecheng’, which is resistant to FW. The integrated analysis identified FW-responsive miRNAs and their target genes. On the basis of verified expression levels, we detected two highly expressed miRNAs with down-regulated expression in response to Foc. Moreover, an analysis of 21 target genes in cucumber inoculated with Foc indicated that JRL3 (Csa2G362470), which is targeted by miR319a, and BEE1 (Csa1G024150), DAHP1 (Csa2G369040), and PERK2 (Csa4G642480), which are targeted by miR6300, are expressed at high levels, but their expression is further up-regulated after Foc inoculation. These results imply that miR319a-JRL3, miR6300-BEE1, miR6300-DAHP1 and miR6300-PERK2 regulate cucumber defenses against FW, and provide the gene resources that may be useful for breeding programs focused on developing new cucumber varieties with enhanced resistance to FW.

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Tanaka, Chikara, Li-Jing Tan, Keisuke Mochida, Hiromi Kirisako, Michiko Koizumi, Eri Asai, Machiko Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Yoshinori Ohsumi et Hitoshi Nakatogawa. « Hrr25 triggers selective autophagy–related pathways by phosphorylating receptor proteins ». Journal of Cell Biology 207, n^o 1 (6 octobre 2014) : 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201402128.

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In selective autophagy, degradation targets are specifically recognized, sequestered by the autophagosome, and transported into the lysosome or vacuole. Previous studies delineated the molecular basis by which the autophagy machinery recognizes those targets, but the regulation of this process is still poorly understood. In this paper, we find that the highly conserved multifunctional kinase Hrr25 regulates two distinct selective autophagy–related pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hrr25 is responsible for the phosphorylation of two receptor proteins: Atg19, which recognizes the assembly of vacuolar enzymes in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway, and Atg36, which recognizes superfluous peroxisomes in pexophagy. Hrr25-mediated phosphorylation enhances the interactions of these receptors with the common adaptor Atg11, which recruits the core autophagy-related proteins that mediate the formation of the autophagosomal membrane. Thus, this study introduces regulation of selective autophagy as a new role of Hrr25 and, together with other recent studies, reveals that different selective autophagy–related pathways are regulated by a uniform mechanism: phosphoregulation of the receptor–adaptor interaction.

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Amaldi, I., W. Reith, C. Berte et B. Mach. « Induction of HLA class II genes by IFN-gamma is transcriptional and requires a trans-acting protein. » Journal of Immunology 142, n^o 3 (1 février 1989) : 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.142.3.999.

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Abstract HLA class II Ag are encoded by a family of related genes clustered in the HLA-D region of the MHC. The expression of this multi-gene family is highly regulated and this regulation is essential for the control of the immune response. Class II gene expression is constitutive in a limited number of cell types and can be induced by IFN-gamma in a number of class II negative cells. In this study, we have clarified two essential aspects of the regulation of HLA class II genes by IFN-gamma. 1) The induction mechanism operates at the level of transcription and there is a long lag phase in the signal transduction process. 2) The induction of class II genes requires the de novo synthesis of a new protein(s). On this basis, we propose that IFN-gamma regulates the transcription of HLA class II genes via the de novo synthesis of a trans-acting activator protein.

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Zhang, Y. Y., Q. X. Shao, A. Z. Ye, H. T. Xing et J. Xia. « Integrated water system simulation by considering hydrological and biogeochemical processes : model development, with parameter sensitivity and autocalibration ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, n^o 1 (1 février 2016) : 529–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-529-2016.

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Abstract. Integrated water system modeling is a feasible approach to understanding severe water crises in the world and promoting the implementation of integrated river basin management. In this study, a classic hydrological model (the time variant gain model: TVGM) was extended to an integrated water system model by coupling multiple water-related processes in hydrology, biogeochemistry, water quality, and ecology, and considering the interference of human activities. A parameter analysis tool, which included sensitivity analysis, autocalibration and model performance evaluation, was developed to improve modeling efficiency. To demonstrate the model performances, the Shaying River catchment, which is the largest highly regulated and heavily polluted tributary of the Huai River basin in China, was selected as the case study area. The model performances were evaluated on the key water-related components including runoff, water quality, diffuse pollution load (or nonpoint sources) and crop yield. Results showed that our proposed model simulated most components reasonably well. The simulated daily runoff at most regulated and less-regulated stations matched well with the observations. The average correlation coefficient and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency were 0.85 and 0.70, respectively. Both the simulated low and high flows at most stations were improved when the dam regulation was considered. The daily ammonium–nitrogen (NH4–N) concentration was also well captured with the average correlation coefficient of 0.67. Furthermore, the diffuse source load of NH4–N and the corn yield were reasonably simulated at the administrative region scale. This integrated water system model is expected to improve the simulation performances with extension to more model functionalities, and to provide a scientific basis for the implementation in integrated river basin managements.

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Shen, Zhou, Yiling Yang, Siqi Yang, Guangxu Zhang, Shaobo Xiao, Zhen F. Fu et Guiqing Peng. « Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion ». Viruses 12, n^o 8 (28 juillet 2020) : 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12080812.

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Non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is only characterized in alphacoronaviruses (α-CoVs) and betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). There have been extensive researches on how the β-CoVs nsp1 regulates viral virulence by inhibiting host protein synthesis, but the regulatory mechanism of the α-CoVs nsp1 is still unclear. Here, we report the 2.1-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in emerging porcine SADS-CoV and the 1.8-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in the highly lethal cat FIPV. Although they belong to different subtypes of α-CoVs, these viruses all have a bucket-shaped fold composed of six β-sheets, similar to the crystal structure of PEDV and TGEV nsp1. Comparing the above four structures, we found that the structure of α-CoVs nsp1 in the same subtype was more conserved. We then selected mammalian cells that were treated with SADS-CoV and FIPV nsp1 for RNA sequencing analysis and found that nsp1 had a specific inhibitory effect on interferon (IFN) and cell cycle genes. Using the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) assay and Western blotting, we confirmed that seven representative α-CoVs nsp1s could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT1-S727 and interfere with the effect of IFN-I. Moreover, the cell cycle experiment confirmed that α-CoVs nsp1 could encourage host cells to stay in the G0/G1 phase. Based on these findings, we not only greatly improved the crystal structure data on α-CoVs nsp1, but we also speculated that α-CoVs nsp1 regulated host proliferation and immune evasion-related biological functions by inhibiting the synthesis of host proteins, thus creating an environment conducive to the virus.

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Chen, Wanxin, Weicai Chen, Peng Liu, Shiyu Qian, Shuang Tao, Mengchun Huang, Wanyi Xu et al. « Role of lncRNA Has2os in Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Regeneration ». Cells 11, n^o 21 (4 novembre 2022) : 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11213497.

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a series of physiological processes and play an important role in development, metabolism and disease. Our previous studies showed that lncRNAs involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. Here, we demonstrated that lncRNA Has2os is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and significantly elevated during skeletal cell differentiation. The knockdown of Has2os inhibited myocyte fusion and impeded the expression of the myogenic factors MyHC and Mef2C. Mechanically, Has2os regulates skeletal muscle differentiation by inhibiting the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, we also revealed that Has2os is involved in the early stage of regeneration after muscle injury, and the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway is activated at both protein and mRNA levels during early repair. Our results demonstrate the new function of lncRNA Has2os, which plays crucial roles during skeletal muscle differentiation and muscle regeneration, providing a basis for the therapy of lncRNA-related muscle diseases.

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Abbas, Salam A., et Yunqing Xuan. « Development of a New Quantile-Based Method for the Assessment of Regional Water Resources in a Highly-Regulated River Basin ». Water Resources Management 33, n^o 9 (10 juin 2019) : 3187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02290-z.

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Pittock, Jamie, et C. Max Finlayson. « Australia's Murray - Darling Basin : freshwater ecosystem conservation options in an era of climate change ». Marine and Freshwater Research 62, n^o 3 (2011) : 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09319.

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River flows in the Murray–Darling Basin, as in many regions in the world, are vulnerable to climate change, anticipated to exacerbate current, substantial losses of freshwater biodiversity. Additional declines in water quantity and quality will have an adverse impact on existing freshwater ecosystems. We critique current river-management programs, including the proposed 2011 Basin Plan for Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin, focusing primarily on implementing environmental flows. River management programs generally ignore other important conservation and adaptation measures, such as strategically located freshwater-protected areas. Whereas most river-basin restoration techniques help build resilience of freshwater ecosystems to climate change impacts, different measures to enhance resilience and reoperate water infrastructure are also required, depending on the degree of disturbance of particular rivers on a spectrum from free-flowing to highly regulated. A crucial step is the conservation of free-flowing river ecosystems where maintenance of ecological processes enhances their capacity to resist climate change impacts, and where adaptation may be maximised. Systematic alteration of the operation of existing water infrastructure may also counter major climate impacts on regulated rivers.

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Andrés, Celia María Curieses, José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra, Celia Andrés Juan, Francisco J. Plou et Eduardo Pérez-Lebeña. « Chlorine Dioxide : Friend or Foe for Cell Biomolecules?A Chemical Approach ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 24 (10 décembre 2022) : 15660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415660.

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This review examines the role of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on inorganic compounds and cell biomolecules. As a disinfectant also present in drinking water, ClO2 helps to destroy bacteria, viruses, and some parasites. The Environmental Protection Agency EPA regulates the maximum concentration of chlorine dioxide in drinking water to be no more than 0.8 ppm. In any case, human consumption must be strictly regulated since, given its highly reactive nature, it can react with and oxidize many of the inorganic compounds found in natural waters. Simultaneously, chlorine dioxide reacts with natural organic matter in water, including humic and fulvic acids, forming oxidized organic compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids, and rapidly oxidizes phenolic compounds, amines, amino acids, peptides, and proteins, as well as the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH, responsible for electron and proton exchange and energy production in all cells. The influence of ClO2 on biomolecules is derived from its interference with redox processes, modifying the electrochemical balances in mitochondrial and cell membranes. This discourages its use on an individual basis and without specialized monitoring by health professionals.

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GENERALOV, V. P., et E. M. GENERALOVA. « HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX HOUSES AS THE ELEMENT OF CREATING HIGHLY COMFORTABLE LIVING ENVIRONMENT ». Urban construction and architecture 3, n^o 2 (15 juin 2013) : 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.02.2.

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The article points out the necessity of constructing high-rise residential complex houses in the structure of Russian cities. On the basis of foreign countries experience it becomes obvious that the construction of such complexes can create highly comfortable and urbanized living environment. High-rise residential complex houses are quite new phenomena in the residential typology. The introduction of such complex houses into the regulated land of Russian cities requires active research work of designers and builders who could create their own type of high-rise residential complex houses in accordance with Russian climatic, social and economic conditions.

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Wahyu Widodo. « Self Regulated Learning Mahasiswa dan Motivasi Belajarnya Ditinjau dari Motif Memilih Jurusan ». Journal of Practice Learning and Educational Development 1, n^o 4 (22 décembre 2021) : 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.58737/jpled.v1i4.27.

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the Ability of a learner in regulating learning, both in terms of the planning of the study, the selection of the right strategy, self-control and self-evaluation is a concept behavior learning called Self-regulated learning. While the Self-regulated learning is strongly influenced motivation to learn, and motivation to learn in a department is influenced by their motivation in choosing the majors. Thus, the motivation in choosing a major is very influential on Self regulated learning. Because the motivation of choosing the department, is the basis of optimizing all the effort in achieving the learning objectives. For achievement of high learning, the use of the strategy of self-regulated learning should be highly considered. the relationship between self-regulated learning with the motivation of college students in determining the department of student influence on the results of a study carried out by the college students.

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HOLLENBERG, LLOYD C. L., et BRUCE H. J. McKELLAR. « LARGE-BASIS MESON WAVEFUNCTIONS ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, n^o 08 (10 mai 1989) : 1949–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89000790.

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Full O(g) meson wavefunctions are constructed in the context of Perturbative Cavity Dynamics. In addition to the valence [Formula: see text] state these wavefunctions contain [Formula: see text] (Bremsstrahlung) and [Formula: see text] (vacuum fluctuation) configurations. The divergent O(g2) self-energy contributions to the ground state energy are regulated by truncating the basis size and demanding that the bound state mass be independent of the cut-off parameter. This regularization procedure results in a nontrivial cut-off dependence of the model parameters. Parameter functions are computed for the light mesons π-ρ, K-K* and ϕ.

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Brondello, Jean-Marc, Michael N. Boddy, Beth Furnari et Paul Russell. « Basis for the Checkpoint Signal Specificity That Regulates Chk1 and Cds1 Protein Kinases ». Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, n^o 6 (1 juin 1999) : 4262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.6.4262.

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ABSTRACT Six checkpoint Rad proteins (Rad1, Rad3, Rad9, Rad17, Rad26, and Hus1) are needed to regulate checkpoint protein kinases Chk1 and Cds1 in fission yeast. Chk1 is required to prevent mitosis when DNA is damaged by ionizing radiation (IR), whereas either kinase is sufficient to prevent mitosis when DNA replication is inhibited by hydroxyurea (HU). Checkpoint Rad proteins are required for IR-induced phosphorylation of Chk1 and HU-induced activation of Cds1. IR activates Cds1 only during the DNA synthesis (S) phase, whereas HU induces Chk1 phosphorylation only in cds1 mutants. Here, we investigate the basis of the checkpoint signal specificity of Chk1 phosphorylation and Cds1 activation. We show that IR fails to induce Chk1 phosphorylation in HU-arrested cells. Release from the HU arrest following IR causes substantial Chk1 phosphorylation. These and other data indicate that Cds1 prevents Chk1 phosphorylation in HU-arrested cells, which suggests that Cds1 actively suppresses a repair process that leads to Chk1 phosphorylation. Cds1 becomes more highly concentrated in the nucleus only during the S phase of the cell cycle. This finding correlates with S-phase specificity of IR-induced activation of Cds1. However, constitutive nuclear localization of Cds1 does not enhance IR-induced activation of Cds1. This result suggests that Cds1 activation requires DNA structures or protein activities that are present only during S phase. These findings help to explain how Chk1 and Cds1 respond to different checkpoint signals.

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Segara, Nuansa Bayu, Agus Suprijono et Katon Galih Setyawan. « The Influence of E-Learning towards Students’ Heutagogy Skills in Higher Education ». Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 54, n^o 2 (17 juillet 2021) : 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpp.v54i2.33128.

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Heutagogy skills are needed by students to take part in the e-learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study examines the measurement model and proved the influence of e-learning towards self-directed, self-regulated, and self-determined learning skills. This research uses a survey method, the data is collected through an online questionnaire which shared with 232 respondents. The research instrument validity was tested by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and reliability test by calculating Cronc’bach value. Path Analysis with AMOS 21.0 was used to analyze the relationship between variables. The result confirms that e-learning significantly affected self-regulated learning. Meanwhile, self-regulated learning has a significant effect on self-determined. Path analysis result indicated that e-learning significantly affected self-determined learning if self-directed and self-regulated learning is first developed. The results of this study also provided an empirical basis for other researchers who want to develop independent learning in students through e-learning. Indicators in self-directed learning can be developed in an online learning process, hence, it can be observed directly on student learning outcomes.

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Coquelle, Frédéric M., Benjamin Vitre et Isabelle Arnal. « Structural basis of EB1 effects on microtubule dynamics ». Biochemical Society Transactions 37, n^o 5 (21 septembre 2009) : 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0370997.

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+TIPs (plus-end tracking proteins) are an increasing group of molecules that localize preferentially to the end of growing microtubules. +TIPs regulate microtubule dynamics and contribute to the organization of the microtubular network within the cell. Thus they participate in a wide range of cellular processes including cell division, motility and morphogenesis. EB1 (end-binding 1) is a highly conserved key member of the +TIP group that has been shown to modulate microtubule dynamics both in vitro and in cells. EB1 is involved in accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and in the polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton in migrating cells. Here, we review recent in vitro studies that have started to reveal a regulating activity of EB1, and its yeast orthologue Mal3p, on microtubule structure. In particular, we examine how EB1-mediated changes in the microtubule architecture may explain its effects on microtubule dynamics.

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