Bibliographies thématiques / High pressure reactivity

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « High pressure reactivity »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "High pressure reactivity"

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Citroni, Margherita, Matteo Ceppatelli, Roberto Bini et Vincenzo Schettino. « High-pressure reactivity of propene ». Journal of Chemical Physics 123, no 19 (15 novembre 2005) : 194510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2109947.

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Ceppatelli, Matteo, Marco Frediani et Roberto Bini. « High-Pressure Reactivity ofl,l-Lactide ». Journal of Physical Chemistry B 115, no 10 (17 mars 2011) : 2173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp1110136.

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Fanetti, Samuele, Matteo Ceppatelli, Margherita Citroni et Roberto Bini. « High-Pressure Photoinduced Reactivity of CH3OH and CD3OH ». Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, no 3 (18 octobre 2011) : 2108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp205563d.

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Ceppatelli, Matteo, Samuele Fanetti, Margherita Citroni et Roberto Bini. « Photoinduced Reactivity of Liquid Ethanol at High Pressure ». Journal of Physical Chemistry B 114, no 47 (2 décembre 2010) : 15437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp106516t.

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Sanloup, Chrystele, Celine Crepisson, Clemence Leroy, Marc Blanchard, Helene Bureau et Laurent Cormier. « Reactivity of heavy noble gases under high pressure ». Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a2 (18 août 2019) : e252-e252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273319093045.

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Eldridge, M. W., A. Podolsky, R. S. Richardson, D. H. Johnson, D. R. Knight, E. C. Johnson, S. R. Hopkins et al. « Pulmonary hemodynamic response to exercise in subjects with prior high-altitude pulmonary edema ». Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no 2 (1 août 1996) : 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.2.911.

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Individuals with a prior history of (susceptible to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE-S) have high resting pulmonary arterial pressures, but little data are available on their vascular response to exercise. We studied the pulmonary vascular response to exercise in seven HAPE-S and nine control subjects at sea level and at 3,810 m altitude. At each location, both normoxic (inspired PO2 = 148 Torr) and hypoxic (inspired PO2 = 91 Torr) studies were conducted. Pulmonary hemodynamic measurements included pulmonary arterial and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressures. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the pulmonary arterial pressure reactivity to exercise was significantly greater in the HAPE-S group. This reactivity was not influenced by altitude or oxygenation, implying that the response was intrinsic to the pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure reactivity to exercise was also greater in the HAPE-S group, increasing with altitude but independent of oxygenation. These findings suggest an augmented flow-dependent pulmonary vasoconstriction and/or a reduced vascular cross-sectional area in HAPE-S subjects.
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Chuliá-Jordán, Raquel, David Santamaría-Pérez, Tomás Marqueño, Javier Ruiz-Fuertes et Dominik Daisenberger. « Oxidation of High Yield Strength Metals Tungsten and Rhenium in High-Pressure High-Temperature Experiments of Carbon Dioxide and Carbonates ». Crystals 9, no 12 (17 décembre 2019) : 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120676.

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The laser-heating diamond-anvil cell technique enables direct investigations of materials under high pressures and temperatures, usually confining the samples with high yield strength W and Re gaskets. This work presents experimental data that evidences the chemical reactivity between these refractory metals and CO2 or carbonates at temperatures above 1300 °Ϲ and pressures above 6 GPa. Metal oxides and diamond are identified as reaction products. Recommendations to minimize non-desired chemical reactions in high-pressure high-temperature experiments are given.
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Ray, Paramita, Jennifer L. Gray, John V. Badding et Angela D. Lueking. « High-Pressure Reactivity of Triptycene Probed by Raman Spectroscopy ». Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120, no 42 (17 octobre 2016) : 11035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05120.

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Scaccia, Silvera. « Sulcis coal char reactivity under high-pressure H 2 ». Fuel Processing Technology 128 (décembre 2014) : 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.07.016.

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Binns, Jack, Philip Dalladay-Simpson, Mengnan Wang, Eugene Gregoryanz et Ross T. Howie. « Enhanced Reactivity of Lithium and Copper at High Pressure ». Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 9, no 11 (22 mai 2018) : 3149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01350.

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Thèses sur le sujet "High pressure reactivity"

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Citroni, Margherita. « Chemical reactivity of molecular systems under very high pressure and laser irradiation ». Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066048.

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Knepp, Michael Matthew. « Cardiovascular Reactivity to and Recovery from Laboratory Tasks in Low and High Worry Women ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37508.

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Anxiety and its cognitive component of worry have been related to exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity and delayed recovery to laboratory stressors, and to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous research on the anxiety-cardiovascular system relationship, including data from Knepp and Friedman (2008), are included to support this project. Two experiments were completed during the course of this study. The first consisted of two peripheral-based body positioning tasks. The second experiment used an active versus passive sympathetic stress task paradigm (mental arithmetic, hand cold pressor). Subjects were nonsmokers free of cardiovascular and neurological disease. Trait worry was examined through the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Blood pressure recordings and cardiac recordings through ECG and ICG were done in each experiment during seven epochs: an anticipatory baseline with three baselines preceding and three recovery periods following each task. Repeated measures analysis was run on all cardiovascular measures. In the first experiment, high worriers had worsened blood pressure reactivity to task. The second experiment found that high worriers had increased stroke volume across all epochs. There were mixed findings in the studies relating to subjects acclimated to the laboratory experience. Future directions of research relating anxiety, worry, and cardiovascular risk factors are discussed.
Ph. D.
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Jayaratne, Sachini. « THE ROLE OF MATERNAL HIGH FAT-HIGH SUCROSE DIET ON THE FETAL PROGRAMMING OF HYPERTENSION THROUGH INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY TO STRESS ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20799.

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Modern societies face an increasing prevalence of non-infectious, chronic diseases associated with modern lifestyle. In particular, cardiovascular (and cerebrovascular) disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, according to the World Health Organization, the American Heart Association and the Australian National Heart Foundation. Our diet, typically high in fat and sugar is one of the main causes, leading to what has been described as an obesity epidemic. Such diets are associated with diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure: all major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, there appears to be an even more insidious threat to the cardiovascular health of the next generation. Recent evidence demonstrates that maternal obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in the offspring in later life (McMillen and Robinson 2005). This is termed developmental origins of disease, and is now the subject of research that has expanded exponentially in the last 15 years. It is unclear whether maternal obesity increases cardiovascular risk in the offspring because of the obesity itself or because of mother’s diet, which is the likely cause of the obesity. Moreover, the pathophysiological changes that predispose the adult offspring to cardiovascular disease are unclear. This thesis exams 2 main questions: (1) Does a Western “fast food” diet, high in fat and sugar, during pregnancy, cause high blood pressure in the offspring, even when the mother is not obese? (2) Do the offspring exposed to a perinatal high fat/high sugar diet show altered cardiovascular responses to psychological stress? This may partly explain the pathophysiology of hypertension in the offspring, in the form of neurogenic hypertension. Sachini K. Jayaratne IX The contents of this thesis are as follows. In Chapter 1, the literature surrounding the hypothesis of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease are reviewed, with a focus on programmed hypertension. Possible causative factors are discussed, including renal and vascular dysfunction, but with the primary focus on a neurogenic cause. The role of increased reactivity to stress is considered in the context of stress-induced causes of cardiovascular disease, and a brief overview of current methodologies used in research to assess autonomic function is given. Finally, the role of oxidative stress in hypertension is reviewed. Chapter 2 presents the results of a study that investigated in rats the impact of a non-obesogenic maternal high fat-high sucrose (HFS) diet on offspring blood pressure and cardiovascular responses to psychological stress. Dams were placed on a “W estern fast food diet” containing 21% (w/w) fat, 34% (w/w) sucrose and 19% protein for 4 weeks prior to conception, during gestation and lactation. The offspring were then weaned and placed on a normal chow diet. Control dams were kept on a normal chow diet for the entire period. At approximately 9-12 months age, the offspring were implanted with blood pressure telemetry probes and blood pressure, heart rate and derived indices of autonomic control (heart rate variability, blood pressure variability and spontaneous baroreflex gain) were measured at rest and in response to air jet (AJS) and restraint stress (RS). The results showed that adult HFS programmed offspring were hypertensive at rest and had increased blood pressure reactivity to AJS. Male, but not female offspring also showed increased reactivity to RS. The results demonstrated that a maternal HFS diet during the perinatal period can cause hypertension in the offspring in later Sachini K. Jayaratne X life, and that this can occur even if the dam is of normal body weight. The manuscript will be submitted to the Journal of Physiology for publication. Chapter 3 compared c-Fos expression in key cardiovascular control regions in the brainstem and hypothalamic following AJS (considered a mild psychological stressor) and RS (considered a more severe stress). Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to either AJS or RS. After 2 hours post-stress, rats were deeply anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (100 mg/kg) and perfused transcardially with physiological saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (w/v) in 0.1M phosphate buffer. Brains were removed, sectioned and reacted immunohistochemically for Fos IgG. RS caused greater overall Fos expression than AJS with regional increases in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), hypothalamic perifornical area (PeF), lateral periaqueductal grey (lPAG), ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG), locus coeruleus, parabrachial complex and rostral ventrolateral medulla. A differential pattern of Fos expression was noted particularly in the PAG, with AJS predominately activating dorsolateral and lPAG, while RS predominately activating lPAG and vlPAG. The results confirm that RS is a more potent stressor than AJS. In addition, the results support the argument that RS includes a more physical, or interoceptive, component of stress than AJS. This manuscript has been submitted to Neuroscience Letters for publication. Chapter 4 examines the hypothesis that HFS programming of hypertension may have a neurogenic cause due to increased oxidative stress in key brainstem regions of cardiovascular control. HFS programmed offspring were produced as in Chapter 2. The rats were euthanized and the ventrolateral medulla, PAG and DMH/PeF were rapidly collected on ice. The tissue underwent assays to test levels of protein carbonylation, a common marker of oxidative stress, Sachini K. Jayaratne XI and glutathione, an important antioxidant that prevents oxidation of protein side chains. In a separate series of rats, cardiovascular function at rest and in response to AJS was examined following treatment with the antioxidant Tempol in the drinking water for 4 weeks. The results showed that there was increased protein carbonyls and decreased glutathione in the DMH/PeF of HFS offspring, but not in the PAG or RVLM. Tempol treatment abolished the hypertension and cardiovascular reactivity these offspring. These results are the first to demonstrated that oxidative stress plays an important role in the aetiology of high blood pressure and increased cardiovascular reactivity to stress in a non-obesogenic HFS model of developmental hypertension. This manuscript will be submitted to the Journal of Physiology for publication. In a preliminary study, Chapter 5 compares Fos expression, as a marker of neuronal activation, in cardiovascular control regions in HFS and control rats following AJS and RS. HFS and control offspring were produced as described above and at 9 months age male rats were subjected to either AJS or RS. At 2 hours post-stress test, the rats were deeply anaesthetized and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. Brains were removed, sectioned and processed for Fos immunohistochemistry. The results showed that in HFS programmed rats, RS produced increased Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus and reduced Fos expression in the dorsomedial PAG, compared to control rats. Following AJS there was reduced Fos expression in the lateral PAG in HFS offspring than controls. These results provide preliminary data to elucidate the neuroanatomical substrate that underlies the difference in cardiovascular responses to stress in HFS programmed offspring.
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Bayer, Patrick [Verfasser], et von Wangelin Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Jacobi. « High-Pressure Photooxygenation of Olefins in Flow : Mechanism, Reactivity and Reactor Design / Patrick Bayer ; Betreuer : Axel Jacobi von Wangelin ». Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215905998/34.

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Ede, David E. Jr. « Trait Mindfulness and Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery During a Laboratory Mental Stress Protocol in Young Adults ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1524140223472705.

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Hofmann, Martin [Verfasser], Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Reiser, Julia [Akademischer Betreuer] Rehbein et Frank-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Matysik. « The influence of high hydrostatic pressure on structure and reactivity of small organic catalysts and the synthesis of ¹⁵N-labeled compounds / Martin Hofmann ; Oliver Reiser, Julia Rehbein, Frank-Michael Matysik ». Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185756957/34.

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Khoza, Samukelisiwe Nozipho Purity. « Characteristic behaviour of pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors during water ingress events / Samukelisiwe Nozipho Purity Khoza ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8706.

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The effect of water ingress in two pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors i.e. the PBMR-200 MWthermal and the PBMR-400 MWthermal were simulated and compared using the VSOP 99/05 suite of codes. To investigate the effect of this event on reactivity, power profiles and thermal neutron flux profiles, the addition of partial steam vapour pressures in stages up to 400 bar into the primary circuit for the PBMR-400 and up to 300 bar for the PBMR- 200 was simulated for both reactors. During the simulation, three scenarios were simulated, i.e. water ingress into the core only, water ingress into the reflectors only and water ingress into both the core and reflectors. The induced reactivity change effects were compared for these reactors. An in-depth analysis was also carried out to study the mechanisms that drive the reactivity changes for each reactor caused by water ingress into the fuel core only, the riser tubes in the reflectors only and ingress into both the fuel core and the riser tubes in the reflectors. The knowledge gained of these mechanisms and effects was used in order to propose design changes aimed at mitigating the reactivity increases, caused by realistic water ingress scenarios. Past results from simulations of water ingress into Pebble Bed Reactors were used to validate and verify the present simulation approach and results. The reactivity increase results for both reactors were in agreement with the German HTR-Modul calculations.
Thesis (MSc (Engineering Sciences in Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Guillaume, Christophe. « Mixing and reactivity in the Ge-Sn system at high pressures and temperatures ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16996.

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The drive here is to use high pressures and temperatures to make novel alloys, with direct band gaps and tailored lattice constants that act as effective interfaces between optical and electronic devices (for instance, link fibre optics to silicon chips). Ge-Sn binary alloys have been predicted to have such properties but unfortunately these elements are virtually immiscible at ambient pressure. Therefore this study is also of fundamental importance in developing new Ge-Sn phase relations, evaluating their formation properties, structures, stability and solution chemistry. The particular focus of this work is to explore mixing and reactivity of Ge and Sn at high pressures and high temperatures. Two pressure vessels were used, a piston-cylinder (up to 3.5 GPa and 1500 K) and a multianvil press (up to 24 GPa and 1500 K). The reaction products were processed (nano-processed when required with Focused Ion Beam methods). Mixing and reactivity of Ge-Sn was found to be dependent on the electronic properties of the starting elements at the experimental conditions. The two elements were found to separate below the Ge semiconductor-metal transition pressure (~9 GPa), but do not above this pressure.
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Pouvesle, Jean-Michel. « Réactivité des espèces métastables et des ions moléculaires de l'hélium dans des plasmas a pression élevée ». Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0216.

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Caractérisation des réactions de transfert de charge et d'excitation à partir, respectivement, des ions moléculaires et des métastables atomiques et moléculaires de l'hélium avec divers atomes et molécules
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Scheffler, Thomas. « Werkstoffeinflüsse auf den Spritzgussprozess von hochgefüllten Phenol-Formaldehydharz­-Formmassen ». Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32200.

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Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden verschiedene duroplastische Formmassen laboranalytisch hinsichtlich der rheologischen und thermischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Es wurde u.a. gezielt die absolute Materialfeuchte gesteigert, um den Einfluss dieser auf das Fließ­ Härtungsverhalten zu charakterisieren. Anschließend wurden die Materialien auf einer hochinstrumentierten Spritzgussmaschine mit einem Fließspiralenwerkzeug untersucht. Dabei konnte ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen dem Rückfluss und dem Plastifizierdrehmoment in Abhängigkeit der Materialfeuchte und der Prozessparameter detektiert werden . Des Weiteren wurden über die Differenzdruckmessung im Fließspiralenwerkzeug die scheinbaren Viskositäten über den Fließweg ermittelt. Hierbei konnten unterschiedliche Aufschmelzeffekte über die Fließweglänge in Abhängigke it der duroplastischen Formmasse, der absoluten Materialfeuchte und der Prozessparameter detektiert werden . Durch Schererwärmung konnte die Formmassentemperatur teilweise die Werkzeugtemperatur übersteigen. Hinsichtlich der mechanischen Eigenschaften (Schlagzähigkeit, Biegefestigkeit) konnten keine signifikanten Einflussgrößen detektiert werden. Hinsichtlich des Tg konnten systematischen Unterschiede detektiert und begründet werden. Die beste Möglichkeit zur Ermittlung des Tg lieferte die TMA. Die thermischen Glasübergänge korrelieren mit den in der DSC ermittelten Aushärtegraden , wobei mit steigender Materialfeuchte ein geringer Aushärtegrad detektiert wird.
Within this paper, the rheologieal and thermie eharaeteristies of different thermosetting molding eompounds were investigated using lab analysis methods. Among others, the absolute moisture eontent was inereased purposefully to investigate its influenee on the flow-euring behavior. Subsequently, the materials were analyzed using a highly instrumented injeetion-molding maehine and a flow spiral tool. A direet link between the baekflow and the plastifieation torque dependent on the moisture eontent and proeess parameters was deteeted . Furthermore, a measurement of the differential pressure was eondueted within the flow spiral to deteet the apparent viseosity over the flow path. Within this proeess, different melting effeets over the flow eurve length depending on the molding eompound, the absolute moisture eontent and proeess parameters were deteeted. The shear heating lead to a material temperature inerease of the molding eompound, whieh was partly higher than the tool temperature . Coneerning the meehanieal eharaeteristies (impaet strength, flexural strength), no signifieant influeneing faetors eould be deteeted. In eontrast, systematie differenees of the glass transition temperature were deteeted and their eause eould be explained. The best way to determine the glass transition is the TMA. The glass transition temperatures eorrelate with the degree of eure determined with the DSC, whereas an inereasing moisture eontent is assoeiated with a lower degree of eure.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "High pressure reactivity"

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Graham, Robert A. « Shock Modification and Shock Activation : Enhanced Solid State Reactivity ». Dans Solids Under High-Pressure Shock Compression, 160–78. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9278-1_7.

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Lemay, P., L. Estevez, S. Espeillac et P. Degraeve. « Influence of Pressure on the Reactivity of Antigens and Antibodies. Application to the Follow-up of Conformational Changes ». Dans Advances in High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology, 215–18. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60196-5_47.

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L’Homme, G. A., J. P. Pirard et P. Ledent. « Oxy-Reactivity of Coal at Low Temperature and High Pressure During Great Depth Underground Gasification Tests ». Dans Fundamental Issues in Control of Carbon Gasification Reactivity, 107–29. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3310-4_6.

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Chan, Yii Leng, Zhezi Zhang, Mingming Zhu, Chao Luan, Changfu You et Dongke Zhang. « A Preliminary High-Pressure Thermogravimetric Study of Combustion Reactivity of a Collie Coal Char ». Dans Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World, 121–25. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_19.

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Bragin, Denis E., Gloria L. Statom et Edwin M. Nemoto. « Induced Dynamic Intracranial Pressure and Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessment of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation After Traumatic Brain Injury with High Intracranial Pressure in Rats ». Dans Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, 309–12. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65798-1_60.

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Frank, J., N. Bec, H. A. L. Corstjens, R. Lange et C. Balny. « Pressure effects on the stability and reactivity of methanol dehydrogenase ». Dans High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology, Proceedings of the International Conference on High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology, 215–20. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-0423(06)80038-9.

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Mengel, Anne, Stephan Hillers, Martin Glos, Kerstin Bodmann and et Oliver Reiser. « The Influence of High Pressure on Reactivity and Selectivity in Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions ». Dans High Pressure Food Science, Bioscience and Chemistry, 40–46. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698379.1.40.

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Manaa, M. Riad, et Laurence E. Fried. « The Reactivity of Energetic Materials Under High Pressure and Temperature ». Dans Advances in Quantum Chemistry, 221–52. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800345-9.00006-4.

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Stapelfeldt, H., R. E. Møller et L. H. Skibsted. « Kinetics of Refolding of β-Lactoglobulin after High-pressure Treatment Measured by Reactivity Towards Ellman's Reagent ». Dans High Pressure Food Science, Bioscience and Chemistry, 376–80. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698379.5.376.

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Chesters, M. A., D. Coombs et S. F. Parker. « Correlation of Transmission Ftir Spectra of Co Adsorbed on Pt/SiO2 At High Pressure and Ft-Rairs of Co Adsorbed on a Polycrystalline Foil in Uhv ». Dans Structure and Reactivity of Surfaces, 257–62. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)60688-6.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "High pressure reactivity"

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Soloiu, Valentin, Cesar E. Carapia, Richard Smith, Amanda Weaver, Levi Mckinney, David Mothershed, Drake Grall, Marcel Ilie et Mosfequr Rahman. « RCCI With High Reactivity S8-ULSD Blend and Low Reactivity N-Butanol ». Dans ASME 2020 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2020-3010.

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Abstract A fuel blend consisting of 10% S8 by mass (a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic kerosene), and 90% ULSD (Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel) was investigated for their combustion characteristics and impact on emissions during RCCI (Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition) combustion in a single cylinder experimental engine utilizing a 65% by mass n-butanol port fuel injection (PFI). RCCI is a dual fuel combustion strategy achieved with the introduction of a PFI fuel of the low-reactive n-butanol, and a direct injection (DI) of a high-reactivity blend (FT-BLEND) into an experimental diesel engine. The combustion analysis and emissions testing were conducted at 1500 RPM at an engine load of 5 bar IMEP (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure), and CA50 of 9° ATDC (After Top Dead Center); CDC (Conventional Diesel Combustion) and RCCI with 65Bu-35ULSD were utilized as the baseline for AHRR (Apparent Heat Release Rate), ringing and emissions comparisons. It was found during a preliminary investigation with a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC) that the introduction of 10% by mass S8 into a mixture with 90% ULSD by mass only increased Derived Cetane Number (DCN) by 0.8, yet it was found to have a significant effect on the combustion characteristics of the fuel blend. This led to the change in injection timing necessary for maintaining 65Bu-35F-T BLEND RCCI at a CA50 of 5° ATDC (After Top Dead Center) to be shifted 3° closer to TDC, thus affecting the Ringing Intensity (RI), Pressure Rise Rate, and heat release of the blend all to decrease. CDC was conducted with a primary injection of 14° BTDC at a rail pressure of 800 bar, all RCCI testing was conducted with 65% PFI of n-butanol by mass and 35% DI, to prevent knock, with a rail pressure of 600 bar and a pilot injection of 60° BTDC for 0.35 ms. 65Bu-35ULSD RCCI was conducted with a primary injection at 6° BTDC with neat ULSD#2, the fuel 65Bu-35F-T BLEND in RCCI had a primary injection at 3° BTDC to maintain CA50 at 9° ATDC. 65Bu-35ULSD RCCI experienced a NOx and soot emissions decrease of 40.8% and 91.44% respectively in comparison to CDC. The fuel 65Bu-35F-T BLEND in RCCI exhibited an additional decrease of NOx and soot of 32.9 and 5.3%, in comparison to 65Bu-35ULSD RCCI for an overall decrease in emissions of 73.7% and 96.71% respectively. Ringing Intensity followed a similar trend with reductions in RI for 65Bu-35ULSD RCCI decreasing only by 6.2% whereas 65Bu-35F-T BLEND had a decrease in RI of 76.6%. Although emissions for both RCCI fuels experienced a decrease in NOx and soot in comparison to CDC, UHC and CO did increase as a result of RCCI. CO emissions for 65Bu-35ULSD RCCI and 65Bu-35F-T BLEND where increased from CDC by a factor of 5 and 4 respectively with UHC emissions rising from CDC by a factor of 3.4. The fuel 65Bu-35F-T BLEND had a higher combustion efficiency than 65Bu-35ULSD in RCCI at 91.2% due to lower CO emissions of the blend.
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Wu, Yifeng, et Rolf D. Reitz. « Effects of EGR and Boost Pressure on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Engine at High Load Operating Conditions ». Dans ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5485.

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Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) at engine high load operating conditions is investigated in this study. The effects of EGR and boost pressure on RCCI combustion were studied by using a multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The model was first compared with a previous CFD model, which has been validated against steady-state experimental data of gasoline-diesel RCCI in a multi-cylinder light duty engine. An RCCI piston with a compression ratio of 15:1 was then proposed to improve the combustion and emissions at high load. The simulation results showed that 18 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) could be achieved with gasoline-diesel RCCI at an EGR rate of 35 % and equivalence ratio of 0.96, while the peak pressure rise rate (PPRR) and engine combustion efficiency could both be controlled at reasonable levels. Simulations using both early and late direct-injection (DI) of diesel fuel showed that RCCI combustion at high load is very sensitive to variations of the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) amount. Higher IMEP is obtained by using early diesel injection, and it is less sensitive to EGR variation compared to late diesel injection. Reduced unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), soot and slightly more nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were seen for early diesel injection. HC, CO and soot emissions were found to be more sensitive to EGR variation at late diesel injection timings. However, there was little difference in terms of peak pressure, efficiencies, PPRR and phasing under varying EGR rates. The effect of boost pressure on RCCI at high load operating conditions was also studied at different EGR rates. It was found that combustion and emissions were improved, and the sensitivity of the combustion and emission to EGR was reduced with higher boost pressures. In addition, cases with similar combustion phasing and reasonable PPRR were analyzed by using an experimentally validated GT-Power model. The results indicated that although higher IMEP was generated at higher boost pressures, the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) was similar compared to that obtained with lower boost pressures due to higher pumping losses.
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Williams, R. M. « Reactivity of thin metal films on sodium betaʺ alumina ceramic in high temperature, low pressure sodium vapor ». Dans Space technology and applications international forum - 2001. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1358057.

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Yoshida, Taishi, et Yoshiaki Oka. « High Breeding Core of a Supercritical-Pressure Light Water Cooled Fast Reactor ». Dans 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15753.

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Breeding of plutonium with light water cooling has been studied for many years, but high breeding to meet growing demand for electricity in a developed country has not been accomplished. The purpose of this study is to investigate a high breeding core of Super FBR (supercritical pressure light water cooled fast breeder reactor) with new fuel assemblies consisting of tightly packed fuel rods without gaps, which leads to low coolant to fuel volume fraction. The plant system of a Super FBR is once-through coolant cycle with high head pumps. The coolant flow rate is low due to the high enthalpy rise in the core. It is compatible with the high pressure drop of the new fuel assemblies. Both neutronic and thermal hydraulic design of the core is considered. The challenge of high breeding with light water cooling is to satisfy negative coolant void reactivity, high breeding and low enrichment simultaneously. The core with new assemblies has been designed with the average coolant density of 248 kg/m3. It is achieved by setting 380C inlet and 500C outlet temperature. For satisfying negative void reactivity, a solid moderator layer composed of zirconium hydride (ZrH) rods are adopted in some blanket assemblies. Cross sections of the blanket fuel assemblies with ZrH rods are prepared with assembly-wise calculation, because the pin-wise collision probability calculation overestimates the breeding. MOX fuel is used for seed fuel assemblies. Three types of core layouts with “radially heterogeneous”, “radiating” and “scattered” seed assemblies have been considered, and “radiating” layout shows best breeding characteristics among them. The seed assemblies in a “radiating” layout are not radially separated so that more numbers of blanket assemblies can be placed in high neutron flux region of a core. Fraction of blanket fuel assemblies with ZrH rods is selected for high breeding. Super FBR using the new fuel assemblies achieved both negative void and high plutonium breeding.
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Guo, Rui, et Yoshiaki Oka. « Safety Analysis of a High Breeding Fast Reactor Cooled by Supercritical-Pressure Light Water : Accidents and Abnormal Transients at Supercritical Pressure ». Dans 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30185.

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The high breeding core of a supercritical water cooled fast reactor has been designed with tightly packed fuel rod assemblies to obtain a high breeding ratio and negative reactivity coefficients. A high breeding capability of less than 50 years of compound system doubling time was reported by the conceptual design study of the reactor at ICONE21. The present paper describes the safety analysis of the reactor for accidents and abnormal transients at supercritical pressure. The safety principle, safety system configuration and types of the abnormal transients and accidents are the same as those of the Super FR [1]. Safety criteria such as cladding temperature, pressure and fuel enthalpy are similar to those of Super FR. Results indicate that all safety criteria are satisfied.
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Shoji, Tetsuo, Zhanpeng Lu, He Xue, Yubing Qiu et Kazuhiko Sakaguchi. « Quantifying the Crack Tip Oxidation Kinetics Parameters and Their Contribution to Stress Corrosion Cracking in High Temperature Water ». Dans ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25238.

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Stress corrosion cracking is the result of the interaction between crack tip oxidation kinetics and crack tip mechanics. Oxidation kinetic processes for austenitic alloys in high temperate water environments are analyzed, emphasizing the effects of alloy composition and microstructure, temperature, water chemistry, etc. The crack chemistry is investigated with introducing the effect of aging on reactivity of crack sides and the throwing power of bulk water chemistry. Oxidation rate constants under various conditions are calculated based on quasi-solid state oxidation mechanism, which are incorporated in the theoretical growth rate equation to quantify the effects of several key parameters on stress corrosion cracking growth rates of austenitic alloys in high temperature water environments, especially the effect of environmental parameters on stress corrosion cracking of Ni-base alloys in simulated PWR environments and stainless steels in simulated boiling water environments.
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Eyal, Amnon, et Leonid Tartakovsky. « Reforming-Controlled Compression Ignition - A Method Combining Benefits of Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition and High-Pressure Thermochemical Recuperation ». Dans WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0964.

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Beyer, E. J. J., et K. J. Craig. « Design and Analysis of Hot Internals for the Reactivity Control and Reserve Shutdown Units Under Test at the Helium Test Facility ». Dans Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58159.

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This paper describes the design process followed by Westinghouse Electric South Africa for the insertion of hot internals into the Reactivity Control System (RCS) and Reserve Shutdown System (RSS) Units Under Test (UUTs) at the Helium Test Facility (HTF) at Pelindaba, South Africa. The aim of the UUTs is to allow the validation of the high temperature operation of the RCS and RSS systems for implementation into the proposed Demonstration Power Plant of the PBMR. The units use electrical heaters to obtain pebble-bed reactor thermal conditions for both the control rods and small absorber spheres (SAS) under a pressurized helium environment. Design challenges include providing for strength under elevated temperatures (900°C maximum); pressure boundary integrity (9MPa maximum); separation of different volumes (representing core barrel, reactor citadel and other Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) volumes); thermal protection of carbon steel vessels by using thermal insulation; allowing for diverse thermal expansion coefficients of different materials; allowing for depressurization events within the insulation and internals; having access for temperature, pressure, stress and proximity sensors and electrical wiring through high pressure penetrations; and provision for assembly of the hot internals both on and off-site. Several thermal analyses using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) were performed to evaluate both worst-case and operational conditions of the UUTs. Factors that were considered include thermal insulation properties, heat transfer modes (internal radiation, external radiation and natural convection, forced internal convection for cooling) and operating pressure (ranging from 1 to 9MPa). The thermal design uses elements originally proposed for hot gas duct design. The results obtained show that the proposed design satisfies ASME VIII requirements of the pressure boundary and that all challenges are successfully met.
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Pei, Yuanjiang, Roberto Torelli, Tom Tzanetakis, Yu Zhang, Michael Traver, David J. Cleary et Sibendu Som. « Modeling the Fuel Spray of a High Reactivity Gasoline Under Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Conditions ». Dans ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3530.

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Recent experimental studies on a production heavy-duty diesel engine have shown that gasoline compression ignition (GCI) can operate in both conventional mixing-controlled and low-temperature combustion modes with similar efficiency and lower soot emissions compared to diesel at a given engine-out NOx level. This is primarily due to the high volatility and low aromatic content of high reactivity, light-end fuels. In order to fully realize the potential of GCI in heavy-duty applications, accurate characterization of gasoline sprays for high-pressure fuel injection systems is needed to develop quantitative, three-dimensional computational fluid models that support simulation-led design efforts. In this work, the non-reacting fuel spray of a high reactivity gasoline (research octane number of ∼60, cetane number of ∼34) was modeled under typical heavy-duty diesel engine operating conditions, i.e., high temperature and pressure, in a constant-volume combustion chamber. The modeling results were compared to those of a diesel spray at the same conditions in order to understand their different behaviors due to fuel effects. The model was developed using a Lagrangian-Particle, Eulerian-Fluid approach. Predictions were validated against available experimental data generated at Michigan Technological University for a single-hole injector, and showed very good agreement across a wide range of operating conditions, including ambient pressure (3–10 MPa), temperature (800–1200 K), fuel injection pressure (100–250 MPa), and fuel temperature (327–408 K). Compared to a typical diesel spray, the gasoline spray evaporates much faster, exhibiting a much shorter liquid length and wider dispersion angle which promote gas entrainment and enhance air utilization. For gasoline, the liquid length is not sensitive to different ambient temperatures above 800 K, suggesting that the spray may have reached a “saturated” state where the transfer of energy from the hot gas to liquid has already been maximized. It was found that higher injection pressure is more effective at promoting the evaporation process for diesel than it is for gasoline. In addition, higher ambient pressure leads to a more compact spray and fuel temperature variation only has a minimal effect for both fuels.
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Li, Yang. « The Autoignition Characteristics of Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Blends : A High-Pressure Ignition Study and Reactivity Comparison with Gasoline Fuels ». Dans Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW32 2019). Singapore : Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2730-4_0181-cd.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "High pressure reactivity"

1

Liu, D. D. S. Hydrocracking reactivity of heavy oils and bitumens consortium - year 2 project 501201-F2-4 Determining physical properties of upgrader feeds and products at high temperatures and pressures : density measurement by gamma-ray technique. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304555.

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Effect of Spark Discharge Duration and Timing on the Combustion Initiation in a Lean Burn SI Engine. SAE International, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0478.

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Meeting the increasingly stringent emission and fuel efficiency standards is the primary objective of the automotive research. Lean/diluted combustion is a promising avenue to realize high-efficiency combustion and reduce emissions in SI engines. Under the diluted conditions, the flame propagation speed is reduced because of the reduced charge reactivity. Enhancing the in-cylinder charge motion and turbulence, and thereby increasing the flame speed, is a possible way to harness the combustion process in SI engines. However, the charge motion can have a significant effect on the spark ignition process because of the reduced discharge duration and frequent restrikes. A longer discharge duration can aid in the formation of the self-sustained flame kernel and subsequent stable ignition. Therefore, an empirical study is undertaken to investigate the effect of the discharge duration and ignition timing on the ignition and early combustion in a port fueled SI engine, operated under lean conditions. The discharge duration is modulated from 1 ms to 8 ms through a continuous discharge strategy. The discharge current and voltage measurements are recorded during the engine operation to characterize the discharge process. The in-cylinder charge is diluted using fresh air to achieve lean combustion. The in-cylinder pressure measurement and heat release analysis are used to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of the engine. Preliminary results indicate that while the discharge duration has a marginal effect on the ignition delay, cyclic variations are notably impacted.
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