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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Heat and Cool Island »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 14 décembre 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Heat and Cool Island"

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Apritasari, Yaseri Dahlia. « Experimental Research with Computer Simulation (Case Study Of Urban Cool Island) ». International Journal of Built Environment and Scientific Research 7, no 1 (26 juin 2023) : 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/ijbesr.7.1.41-50.

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This research will describe experimental research methodology using computer simulation with the case study of urban cool island research. The urban cool island is one of the urban heat island mitigation technology strategies. This technology uses a geometric and material intervention process that forms an urban cool island in an area with high urban heat island intensity. The urban cool island will expand and reduce the temperature of the hot islands so that the urban heat island gets smaller. In the research process, a series of experimental methodologies were carried out. Experimental methodology is carried out on a regional scale will be difficult and expensive. So a computer simulation is needed to facilitate urban cool island experiments in the area. The stages of experimental research with computer simulations use two process stages (1) Quasi-measurement experiments and field observations in the UCI area, (2) Validation of field measurements versus simulation models, (3) Experiments with computer simulations by creating test models and comparison models. The scope of research on the scale of urban areas with experimental methodology becomes efficient with the help of computer simulations. In Urban Cool Island, several countries have also used this methodology. Computer simulation used: ENVI-MET, CFD-Ansys, and others. Before starting the research, a clear frame or research design is needed, determining variables, replicating the real conditions, mastering the use of simulations, and always paying attention to the results, which are continuously controlled and validated to produce simulations that are close to the real conditions.
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Silva, Aline Nunes da, Cassio Arthur Wollmann, Amanda Comassetto Iensse, Ismael Luiz Hoppe, Otavio de Freitas Baumhardt, Luana Writzl, Iago Turba Costa, João Paulo Assis Gobo, Emerson Galvani et Andreas Matzarakis. « Assessing the Relationship between Urban Heat Islands and Local Climate Zones during a Winter Period in the Coastal City of Balneário Camboriú/SC, Brazil ». Atmosphere 15, no 10 (30 septembre 2024) : 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101171.

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This research seeks to understand the link between urban heat island and urban cool island, which are the Local Climatic Zones (LCZ) and atmospheric systems during the winter season in the city of Balneário Camboriú, Southern Brazil. First, meteorological data on the urban environment was collected at 11 permanent points in the Balneário Camboriú metropolitan region. Next, a synoptic analysis of the dates was performed to understand the atmospheric systems operating in the region. Finally, the LCZs map created for the city in the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools was used to correlate the magnitudes of the heat and cool islands found in Balneário Camboriú in the winter period. The results indicate that the increasing verticalization as a result of the construction of skyscrapers in Balneário Camboriú has a significant influence on local conditions for the occurrence of heat and cold islands. The findings indicate that LCZs with sparsely distributed buildings (LCZs 6, 8 and 9) and LCZs with dense vegetation (LCZ A) have lower intensity magnitudes of heat and cool conditions. The biggest magnitudes of heat and cool islands were reported in LCZs 1 and 3 during the timeframe. The synoptic analysis supports earlier research that points to atmospheric stability (Anticyclonic domain) as a favorable atmospheric setting for the emergence of urban heat and coolness islands.
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Alahmad, Barrak, Linda Powers Tomasso, Ali Al-Hemoud, Peter James et Petros Koutrakis. « Spatial Distribution of Land Surface Temperatures in Kuwait : Urban Heat and Cool Islands ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no 9 (26 avril 2020) : 2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092993.

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The global rise of urbanization has led to the formation of surface urban heat islands and surface urban cool islands. Urban heat islands have been shown to increase thermal discomfort, which increases heat stress and heat-related diseases. In Kuwait, a hyper-arid desert climate, most of the population lives in urban and suburban areas. In this study, we characterized the spatial distribution of land surface temperatures and investigated the presence of urban heat and cool effects in Kuwait. We used historical Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra satellite 8-day composite land surface temperature (LST) from 2001 to 2017. We calculated the average LSTs of the urban/suburban governorates and compared them to the average LSTs of the rural and barren lands. We repeated the analysis for daytime and nighttime LST. During the day, the temperature difference (urban/suburban minus versus governorates) was −1.1 °C (95% CI; −1.2, −1.00, p < 0.001) indicating a daytime urban cool island. At night, the temperature difference (urban/suburban versus rural governorates) became 3.6 °C (95% CI; 3.5, 3.7, p < 0.001) indicating a nighttime urban heat island. In light of rising temperatures in Kuwait, this work can inform climate change adaptation efforts in the country including urban planning policies, but also has the potential to improve temperature exposure assessment for future population health studies.
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Anand, Y., A. Gupta, A. Maini, Avi Gupta, A. Sharma, A. Khajuria, S. Gupta, S. Sharma, S. Anand et S. K. Tyagi. « Comparative Thermal Analysis of Different Cool Roof Materials for Minimizing Building Energy Consumption ». Journal of Engineering 2014 (2014) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/685640.

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The roof and walls in the urban areas contribute to major share in the absorption of solar radiations and also retard the outflow of the absorbed radiation from the building envelope, thereby increasing the global warming by inducing the heat island effect. The impact of using cool roof technologies on the thermal comfort of the office buildings has been estimated. Cool roofs reduce electricity consumption for maintaining the temperature of the air-conditioned buildings in the comfort level and also increase comfort in buildings merely not relying completely on cooling equipment. The cool roofs and cool pavements, however, can mitigate summer urban heat islands by improving indoor air quality and comfort. The thermal analysis of different materials has been carried out to analyze the impact of the rate of heat transfer on the building envelope and the results obtained indicate that different cool roof techniques are beneficial in maintaining the comfort level of the building which purely depends on the ambient temperature conditions.
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Krüger, Eduardo, Patricia Drach et Rohinton Emmanuel. « Atmospheric Impacts on Daytime Urban Heat Island ». Air, Soil and Water Research 11 (janvier 2018) : 117862211881020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622118810201.

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Daytime urban heat island effects can be weak compared to night time and even reversed (as in the case of cool islands, where urban locations display lower temperatures than at a rural site), mostly due to shading effects from buildings, vegetation, and other possible obstructions. The study of the relationship between the sky-view factor, an indicator of urban geometry in terms of sky openness, and urban heat island intensity generally focus on night time periods; only a few report on the daytime effect of the SVF. Such effect will also vary according to background atmospheric conditions of the period of measurements. This article is a commentary on a recent publication by the authors on a study of diurnal intra-urban temperature differences in a location with Koeppen’s Cfb climate.
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Synnefa, A., A. Dandou, M. Santamouris, M. Tombrou et N. Soulakellis. « On the Use of Cool Materials as a Heat Island Mitigation Strategy ». Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no 11 (1 novembre 2008) : 2846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1830.1.

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Abstract The mitigation of the heat island effect can be achieved by the use of cool materials that are characterized by high solar reflectance and infrared emittance values. Several types of cool materials have been tested and their optical and thermal properties reveal that these materials can be classified as “cool” with the ability to maintain lower surface temperatures. Cool materials can be used on buildings and other surfaces of the urban environment. Based on these results, a modeling study was undertaken to assess the urban heat island effect over Athens, Greece, a densely populated city, by trying to analyze the impacts of large-scale increases in surface albedo on ambient temperature. Numerical simulations were performed by the “urbanized” version of the nonhydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5, version 3-6-1). Two scenarios of modified albedo were studied: a moderate and an extreme increase in albedo scenario. It was found that large-scale increases in albedo could lower ambient air temperatures by 2°C. Furthermore, the impact of high albedo measures on heat island magnitude was estimated by creating a spatial representation of the urban heat island effect over the modeled area. The results of this study can help to promote the adoption of high albedo measures in building energy codes and urban planning regulations.
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Kassai-Szoó, Dominika, et András Zöld. « Cool Roofs vs Solar Systems ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (janvier 2016) : 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.779.

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Well known problem of urban heat island is partly due to the albedo of traditional roofs. Mostexperts of urban climate are convinced that the intensity of urban heat island will be less if theroofs reflect as big part of the solar radiation as possible. Researchers have found or developedappropriate materials of low absorptance in the wavelength spectrum of solar radiation together with high emissivity in the long infrared interval. As a result, roof covering may have such extraparameters as metal roof painted with colored cool coating has 0.8 reflectance and 0.8 emittanceindex or single ply-membrane white (PVC) has 0.7 reflectance and 0.8 emittance index.No doubt taking into account the settlement as a whole cool roofs may decrease the intensity ofurban heat island however some local negative effect should not be forgotten. Approaching the citycenter it is typical that low rise and tall buildings are nearby. In some cases the same buildinghas high and low rise wings, from the point of view of geometry similar is the situation between thefacade and a canopy or a balcony. In this case the radiation reflect by the horizontal surfaceconsiderably increases the load on the facade, in this paper the relevant cases are analysed and thecalculated extra load and its consequences are evaluated.
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Xu, Chao, Wenjing Wang et He Zhu. « Spatial Gradient Differences in the Cooling Island Effect and Influencing Factors of Urban Park Green Spaces in Beijing ». Buildings 14, no 5 (24 avril 2024) : 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051206.

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Urban park green spaces exhibit significant cool island effects, which can effectively mitigate the urban heat environment. Clarifying the characteristics and differences in the cool island effects of urban parks across different spatial gradients within cities is instrumental in identifying potential issues and optimizing the structure and resource allocation of park green spaces in a scientifically rational manner. This study focuses on parks within the central urban area of Beijing, utilizing remote sensing image interpretation and land surface temperature (LST) inversion to extract relevant characteristics of park green spaces and the park cool island intensity (PCI) index. Various mathematical and statistical methods including correlation analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis are employed to conduct comparative studies across three gradients: within the 3rd ring road, between the 3rd and 5th ring roads, and outside the 5th ring road. The analysis reveals that both park green space characteristics and urban heat island effects exhibit spatial gradient differences, collectively influencing the cool island effects of urban park green spaces. PCI gradually decreases across the three spatial gradients. Cluster analysis identifies four distinct types of parks with different cool island effect characteristics, highlighting the need for optimization and improvement in over half of the parks. Various indicators of park green space characteristics show different correlations with PCI, with variations in correlation strength and thresholds across gradients. The fitting effects of regression equations for each characteristic indicator and PCI gradually worsen from within the 3rd ring road to outside the 5th ring road, with different factors playing important roles across gradients. This study enhances our understanding of the cool island effects of urban park green spaces and facilitates the proposition of differentiated optimization management strategies for urban park green space planning and system construction in different regions.
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Athmani, Wafa, et Leila Sriti. « Study of the Impact of Cool Roof on Urban Thermal Comfort in Hot Arid Climate, Biskra – Algeria ». Proceedings of the International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism-ICCAUA 2, no 1 (6 juin 2019) : 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua20190012.

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The Uncontrolled urban sprawl and the unadopted building to the environment are the main causes that generate the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. This phenomenon contributes to the degradation of the environmental quality of the interior and exterior spaces and increases the energy demand of buildings. In hot and arid regions, the cooling needs of space during the hot season are much greater. This situation imposes the use of electrical air-conditioning equipment for longer periods, which leads to a drastic consumption of electrical energy, implicitly, rise the greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn accentuate the phenomenon of the urban heat island. In this context, one of the most effective strategies to moderate heat stress at the urban scale is the adoption of the cooling roof technique "cool roof”. In fact, solar reflectivity (SR) and high emissivity (IE) of cool materials allow them to absorb less solar energy than conventional concrete roofs, reducing the amount of heat transferred to the atmosphere. This research aims to evaluate the impact of cool roof on the mitigation of the urban heat island phenomenon and to investigate its effect on reduction of energy consumption. Experimental work was carried out in Biskra hot and arid climate.
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Akbari, Hashem, Constantinos Cartalis, Denia Kolokotsa, Alberto Muscio, Anna Laura Pisello, Federico Rossi, Matheos Santamouris, Afroditi Synnef, Nyuk Hien WONG et Michele Zinzi. « LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES – THE STATE OF THE ART ». JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no 1 (18 décembre 2015) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1111934.

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Increase of the ambient air temperature in cities caused by the urban heat island phenomenon has a seri- ous impact on the economic and social system of cities. to counterbalance the consequences of the increased urban temperatures important research has been carried out resulting in the development of efficient mitigation technologies. the present paper aims to present the state of the art in terms of local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques. In particular, developments in the field on highly reflective materials, cool and green roofs, cool pavements, urban green and of other mitigation technologies are presented in detail, while examples of implemented projects are given.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Heat and Cool Island"

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Rasul, Azad Othman. « Remote sensing of surface urban cool and heat island dynamics in Erbil, Iraq, between 1992 and 2013 ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38508.

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The variation between surface and air temperature within a city and its surrounding area is a result of variations in surface cover, thermal capacity and 3-dimensional geometry. This study examines the spatiotemporal formation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island (SUCI) and night-time Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effect in Erbil, Iraq, as a case study for cities in semi-arid climates more generally. It furthermore quantifies the influence of rapid urban expansion on the urban heat/cool island effect over a 20 year period. Satellite images acquired by Landsat 4, 5, 7 and 8 between 1992 and 2013 are used to retrieve Land Surface Temperature (LST). Normalised Ratio Scale (NRS) is applied to the multi-mission Landsat data, which is used to adjust the temperature range for different acquisition times of images within the same temporal range. In addition, LST data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board Aqua and Terra from January 2003 to December 2014 are analysed. In order to establish the drivers of the observed patterns of LST and SUCI/SUHI, the relationships of LST with wetness, greenness, NDVI, soil moisture and other variables are assessed. The results indicate that during the daytime in summer, autumn and winter, densely built-up areas had lower LST acting as cool islands (SUCI) compared to the non-urbanised area around the city. In contrast, at night-time, Erbil experienced higher LST and demonstrated a significant SUHI effect. The mean LST of the newly urbanised and vegetated areas between 1992 and 2013 decreased by 2.28°C and 7.29°C respectively. Soil moisture (wetness) is the main marker of the SUCI/SUHI effect, whilst urban expansion may cause a decrease of daytime LST in dry climate zones. The NRS method is appropriate for detecting temperature trends greater than 2°C in Landsat data.
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Olsen, Kerby Andrew. « EVALUATING URBAN DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN LOS ANGELES ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1427.

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Human interference with the Earth’s climate, through the release of greenhouse gasses (GHGs), is estimated to have already increased average statewide temperatures in California by 1.7° Fahrenheit (F), with a further 2.7°F of warming expected by mid-century. The negative impacts of increased temperatures may be especially acute in mid-latitude cities that currently enjoy a mild climate, such as Los Angeles (LA), which are projected to warm to a point that will significantly affect human health and well being. The built environment increases urban temperatures through building materials that readily absorb heat from the sun, a lack of vegetation, a lack of pervious surface area, and anthropogenic heat. Local governments can take action to help their cities adapt to future temperatures through changes to building materials, urban design and infrastructure. This study evaluates six urban design strategies for reducing temperatures and therefore adapting to increased heat in LA: cool roofs, cool pavements, solar panels, tree planting, structural shading and green roofs. The methods used in this analysis include a cost-effectiveness analysis, key stakeholder interviews, and case studies from other cities in the US. Findings indicate that cool roofs are the most cost-effective strategy for urban heat island mitigation, with cool pavements and tree planting also cost-effective. Findings from stakeholder interviews indicate that political feasibility is high for all strategies except structural shading, which was thought to be costly and difficult to implement. However, significant political barriers were also identified for tree planting and green roofs. Findings from four case studies indicate that climate adaptation policies should emphasize co-benefits, include flexible design standards, and provide financial or performance-based incentives for property owners or developers. Specific recommendations for implementing climate adaptation measures are provided for urban planners, policy makers, urban designers and architects in Los Angeles.
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Souza, Ana Cristina Inacio de. « Avaliação comparativa da refletância solar de tintas para telhas com o uso de \"pigmento frio\" e convencional nas cores cinza claro e escuro ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3153/tde-26022018-153059/.

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O uso de \"pigmento frio\" é uma alternativa para minimizar os efeitos de \"ilhas de calor\" em grandes cidades como São Paulo. Este tipo de pigmento proporciona o desenvolvimento de fórmulas de tinta para aplicação em coberturas com cores escuras, próximo ao preto, apresentando refletância solar (SR) maior. Neste estudo, foi formulado um grupo de tintas na cor cinza claro e outro na cor cinza escuro. O primeiro grupo de tintas foi preparado com adição de pigmento preto convencional, o negro de fumo que possui natureza orgânica e o segundo grupo de tintas foi preparado com adição de \"pigmento frio\", que possui natureza inorgânica. A fração pigmentária de ambos os grupos de tintas foi preparada com auxílio do software \"CoolSim\". A revisão bibliográfica mostra que as tintas preparadas com pigmentos de natureza orgânica apresentam baixa refletância solar enquanto que as tintas preparadas com o uso do \"pigmento frio\" apresentam maior refletância solar. Os resultados de refletância solar de ambos os grupos de tintas confirmam os dados apresentados na revisão da bibliográfica. As fórmulas preparadas com o uso de \"pigmento frio\", mesmo tendo cor escura, resulta em produto mais adequado para a aplicação em superfície de cobertura como telha, devido sua capacidade de absorver menos calor, o que contribui na redução da temperatura do edifício, reduzindo a necessidade de uso de ar condicionado e auxiliando na redução do consumo de energia.
The use of \"cool pigment\" is one of the alternatives to minimize the effects of \"heat islands\" in big cities like São Paulo. This type of pigment provides the development of formulas for painting roofs with dark colors, near black, but showing higher solar reflectance (SR) than conventional pigments. In this study, a group of paint was formulated in light gray color and the other in dark gray color. The first group of paints was prepared with addition of conventional black pigment which is the carbon black that has organic nature. The second group of paints was prepared with addition of \"cool pigment\", which has inorganic nature. The pigment fraction of both groups of paints was obtained using the software \"CoolSim\". The literature review shows that finishes obtained with paints prepared with organic nature pigment has lower solar reflectance and finishes obtained with paints prepared with addition of \"cool pigment\", with inorganic nature, have a higher solar reflectance. The results of the study show that the solar reflectance of both groups of paint confirms the data obtained in the literature review. The paint formulas prepared with addition of \"cool pigment\", even presenting dark color, resulted in film more adequate for the application in surfaces of roofs and tiles due their capacity to absorb less heat. The use of \"cool pigment\" in formulas allow to obtain paints that can contribute to the reduction of the temperature of the building, by reduction the need to use air conditioning, resulting in lower energy consumption.
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Iizawa, Isao. « Urban Heat Island Circulation ». Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123927.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第14712号
人博第448号
新制||人||110(附属図書館)
20||人博||448(吉田南総合図書館)
UT51-2009-D424
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科環境相関研究専攻
(主査)准教授 酒井 敏, 教授 鎌田 浩毅, 教授 石川 尚人
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Stewart, Iain Douglas. « Redefining the urban heat island ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38069.

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The effect of urban development on local thermal climate is ostensibly well documented in scientific literature. Since the nineteenth century, observations of “urban-rural” air temperature differences (ΔTu­-r), or urban heat island magnitudes, have been reported for hundreds of cities worldwide. The historical and geographical scope of the heat island literature is impressive. Over time, however, methodologists have raised concerns about the rigor and authenticity of that literature, especially regarding the definition, measurement, and reporting of heat island magnitudes. Indiscriminate use of “urban” and “rural” by heat island investigators to describe their field sites is a particular concern. Much confusion now surrounds the physical and cultural characteristics of so-called urban and rural sites in heat island literature. This thesis confronts these concerns through two approaches. The first approach synthesizes and evaluates a sample of 190 observational heat island studies from the period 1950 to 2007. The synthesis uses nine criteria of scientific method and communication to critically assess the experimental quality of each study. Results are discouraging: the mean quality score of the literature sample is just 50 percent, and nearly one-half of the reported heat island magnitudes are judged to be scientifically indefensible on account of incomplete or incompetent reporting. The second approach develops a landscape classification system to standardize reporting of heat island field sites and temperatures in all cities. The local climate zone (LCZ) system comprises 17 zones and is the first comprehensive climate-based classification of urban and rural landscapes for heat island investigators. Each zone represents an area that is local in scale and unique in land cover, building morphology, and screen-level thermal climate. Results show that the new classification leads to a more purposeful interpretation of heat island magnitude as ΔTLCZ, and thereby constrains the operational use of ΔTu­-r to climatologically defined and universally recognized urban and rural zones. The thesis concludes with a conceptual typology of urban heat island magnitudes, and a list of specific guidelines and recommendations to improve methodology and communication in heat island studies.
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Thompson, Nicholas Kim. « Cool-water Carbonate Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Waitaki Region, South Island, New Zealand ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8799.

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In the mid-Cenozoic, New Zealand underwent slow subsidence interspersed with unconformity development, however significant controversy exists around both the extent of submergence below sea level during this period of maximum drowning, as well as the causes of these unconformities. Detailed field observations, combined with extensive petrographic analyses, stable isotopes, cathodoluminescence, and thin section staining were used to develop lithofacies, depositional, and sequence stratigraphic models of the mid-Cenozoic succession in the Waitaki region, South Island, to address these controversies. Twelve facies types have been described for Late Eocene-Early Miocene sedimentary rocks, leading to the identification of two major (Mid Oligocene & Early Miocene) and one minor (Late Oligocene) sequence boundaries. Surtseyan volcanism in the east produced a palaeohigh, resulting in a submerged rimmed cool-water carbonate platform, with low-lying land to the west. This eastern palaeohigh developed karst during sea-level lowstands, which correlate with silty submarine bored hardgrounds in the west. Glauconitic and phosphatic facies deposited during early marine transgression suggest an authigenic factory supplied by terrigenous clays existed during lowered sea level that was progressively shut down in favour of a carbonate factory as sea level rose and terrigenous supply decreased. The eastern palaeohigh served to nucleate this carbonate factory by raising the sea floor above the influence of siliciclastic sediment supply and providing a shallow substrate for marine colonisation. The higher energy eastern facies display dissolution of aragonitic taxa, while deeper western facies retained an aragonitic assemblage. This early bathymetric high created a barrier to submarine currents, but was gradually reduced by erosion during subsequent lowstands. Calcareous facies were often subjected to minor seafloor cement precipitation to shallow burial diagenesis, while eastern facies developed some meteoric cement during subaerial exposure. Comparisons between sea-level change in the study area and the New Zealand megasequence indicate eustatic changes as the primary driver of water depth in the Waitaki region until the development of the modern plate boundary in the Early Miocene.
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Zhang, Tianyao. « A study on the heat transfer and energy performance implications of cool roofs ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52977.

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In this study, we examined the effect of cool roofs on commercial and residential buildings in each climate zone, by looking at monitored case studies and DOE-2 simulations from various sources of literature; and using an online tool - the Cool Roof Calculator and a simple COP ratio model to validate the results of the case studies. It was found that the Cool Roof Calculator does not take building form into account, hence a sensitivity analysis was first conducted to rank the importance of various building parameters against one another. The analysis was conducted on the EPC normative building energy model. Results indicated that roof absorptance coefficient, aspect ratio and number of floors were the three parameters that either ranked highest or were important parameters, and were chosen for further parametric analysis to evaluate the impact of these building parameters on total building loads. A simple COP ratio model was also developed to validate the results from the literature review and Cool Roof Calculator, and it was found that in terms of cost, for a prototype medium-sized commercial building, it is always beneficial to use a white roof, but cities in northern climates may have little advantage, and insulation may be a better choice.
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Blazer, Mark A. « Architectural strategies in reducing heat gain in the sub-tropical urban heat island ». [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002781.

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Costa, Eduino Rodrigues da. « O CAMPO TERMO-HIGROMÉTRICO INTRA-URBANO E A FORMAÇÃO DE ILHAS DE CALOR E DE FRESCOR URBANAS EM SANTA MARIA/RS ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9313.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Urbanization and the changes imposed by man disturb the complex natural system, modifying the elements and characteristics of climate on a local scale. Considering the influence of urbanization as derived from the fact that the local climate and responsible for the generation of an urban environment specifically, this work was to analyze the field thermo-hygrometric and the formation of heat islands and urban cool in Santa Maria RS (Rio Grande do Sul, State of Southern of Brazil), relating these variables geourbans and geoecologycs in the study area. To accomplish this work was used the methodology of the transects, consisting of mobile collections in points pre-established. It was established two transects for data collection of temperature and relative humidity of the atmospheric air: one has the direction more or less in a north/northwest-south/southeast (NNW-SSE), linking Street Sete de Setembro , in Neighborhood Perpétuo Socorro , the end Fernando Ferrari Avenue in Neighborhood Nossa Senhora de Lourdes and the other in the east/northeastwest/southwest (WSW-ENE), linking the Street Major Duarte to get Street Venâncio Aires near the Arroio Cadena at Central portion of the Santa Maria City. The data were collected on days August 14, 2008 and January 06, 2009, the area was under the weather for the South Atlantic Polar Mass in winter time and the Old Polar Mass or modified in the summer, respectively. Were made cotte measures at five different times (9, 12, 15h, 18h and 21h), in order to verify the responses of thermal and humidity from the points pre-established and distributed along the transects, totaling 13 points of measures along the transect 1 (NNWSSE) and 15 in the transect 2 (ENE-WSW). Armed with the data of temperature and humidity, were made cartograms of the field thermo-hygrometric. For this application was used the Software Surfer for Windows 8.0. In the preparation of cartograms of the thermal field were established color scales to represent the values of temperature, so the cool colors were associated with lower temperatures and the warm colors at higher temperatures. Cartograms of hygrometric field values were represented in the cartogram using a variation of blue scale, so the lighter blue was used to represent the values of lower humidity and dark blue for higher values. The results highlight that the hygrometric and thermal fields of the coverage area of the transects, both on the day of collection in the field of Mass Polar Atlantic in winter time and in the field of Old Polar Mass or modified in the summer, need to move apparent daily sun exposure of the slopes and to solar radiation. By analyzing the thermal field of January 06, 2009 in five hours of collection, it became clear the migratory movements of the heat islands of the eastern slope, during the morning, to the slopes facing the north and west quadrant, during periods of midday and afternoon. The weather conditions that occurred on January 06, 2009 (summer), with clear skies, calm winds and a light with high incidence of solar radiation on the surface, favored the formation of heat islands and freshness of magnitude rating, strong and very strong. Was verified the thermal contrast between the center and periphery of the study area.
A urbanização e as transformações impostas pela ação do homem desequilibram o complexo sistema natural, modificando os elementos e as características do clima na escala local. Considerando a influência da urbanização como fato derivador do clima local e responsável pela geração de um clima especificamente urbano, este trabalho, teve por objetivo analisar o campo termohigrométrico, bem como a formação de ilhas de calor e de frescor urbanas em Santa Maria/RS, relacionando-as as variáveis geourbanas e geoecológicas existentes na área de estudo. Para isso utilizou-se a metodologia dos transectos, que consiste em coletas móveis em pontos pré-estabelecidos. Foi estabelecido dois transectos para a coleta dos dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar: um no sentido norte/noroeste-sul/sudeste (NNW-SSE), ligando a rua Sete de Setembro, no bairro Perpétuo Socorro, ao final da avenida Fernando Ferrari no bairro Nossa Senhora de Lourdes e o outro no sentido leste/nordeste-oeste/sudoeste (ENE-WSW), ligando a rua Major Duarte ao começo da rua Venâncio Aires próximo, ao Arroio Cadena. Os dados foram coletados nos dias 14 de agosto de 2008 e 06 de janeiro de 2009, sob domínio das condições atmosféricas pela Massa Polar Atlântica no inverno e pela Massa Polar Velha ou modificada no verão, respectivamente. As coletas foram realizadas em cinco horários diferentes (9h, 12h, 15h, 18h e 21h), com o intuito de verificar as respostas térmicas e de umidade dos pontos pré-estabelecidos e distribuídos ao longo dos transectos, num total de 13 pontos ao longo do transecto 1 (NNW-SSE) e de 15 no transecto 2 (ENE-WSW). De posse dos dados de temperatura e umidade do ar, foram confeccionados os cartogramas do campo termo-higrométrico. Para tal foi utilizado o aplicativo Surfer for Windows 8.0. Na elaboração dos cartogramas do campo térmico foram estabelecidas escalas de cores para os valores de temperatura, onde as cores frias foram associadas a temperaturas mais baixas e as cores quentes a temperaturas mais altas. Nos cartogramas do campo higrométrico os valores de umidade foram representados utilizando uma variação da cor azul. Assim, o azul mais claro foi utilizado para representar os valores de umidade mais baixos e, a cor azul escura, para os valores mais altos. Como resultados destaca-se que os campos térmico e higrométrico da área de abrangência dos transectos, tanto no dia de coleta sob domínio da Massa Polar Atlântica, no inverno, quanto no domínio da Massa Polar Velha ou modificada, no verão, estão condicionados ao movimento aparente diário do sol e a exposição das vertentes à radiação solar. Ao analisar o campo térmico do dia 06 de janeiro de 2009, nos cinco horários de coleta, percebe-se o movimento migratório das ilhas de calor da vertente leste, para as vertentes voltadas para o quadrante norte e oeste. As condições de tempo ocorridas no dia 06 de janeiro de 2009 (verão), com céu limpo, ventos calmos a leve e com forte incidência de radiação solar na superfície, favoreceram a formação de ilhas de calor e de frescor de magnitude media, forte e muito forte, bem como o contraste térmico entre o centro e a periferia da área de estudo.
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Kim, Jun-Pill. « LAND-USE PLANNING AND THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT ». The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253215365.

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Livres sur le sujet "Heat and Cool Island"

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Enteria, Napoleon, Matteos Santamouris et Ursula Eicker, dir. Urban Heat Island (UHI) Mitigation. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4050-3.

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Meister, Cari. Buzz Beaker and the cool caps. Mankato, Minn : Stone Arch Books, 2011.

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United States. Department of Energy. Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy. Office of Small Scale Technology. Using the earth to heat and cool homes. Helena, MT (Capitol Station, Helena 59620) : [Available] from Energy Division, Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation, 1985.

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Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers. Keep your cool : Tackling heat stress at work. Manchester : Usdaw, 1997.

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Sentā, Kankyō Jōhō Kagaku. Hīto airando taisaku no kankyō eikyō tō ni kansuru chōsa gyōmu hōkokusho : Heisei 20-nendo : Heisei 20-nendo Kankyōshō ukeoi gyōmu hōkokusho. [Tokyo] : Kankyō Jōhō Kagaku Sentā, 2009.

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Kenkyūjo, Nagano-ken Kankyō Hozen. Nagano-ken ni okeru hīto airando genshō no jittai ni kansuru chōsa kenkyū hōkokusho. Nagano-shi : Nagano-ken Kankyō Hozen Kenkyūjo, 2009.

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Ashie, Yasunobu. Chikyū shimyurēta o mochiita Tōkyō 23-ku zenʼiki ni okeru kōkaizōdo no hīto airando sūchi kaiseki. Tsukuba-shi : Kokudo Gijutsu Seisaku Sōgō Kenkyūjo, 2010.

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Mercer, R. Jack. Band director burn-out : How to cool the heat and survive. Riverside, Calif. (7750 Bolero Dr., Riverside 92509) : California Clarion Press, 1986.

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Gartland, Lisa. Heat islands : Understanding and mitigating heat in urban areas. London : Earthscan, 2011.

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Kenkyūjo, Kensetsu Kankyō. Hīto airando taisaku ni okeru miriyōsui katsuyō ni yoru jiban kankyō e no eikyō kentō gyōmu hōkokusho : Heisei 21-nendo. [Tokyo] : Kensetsu Kankyō Kenkyūjo, 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Heat and Cool Island"

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Akpınar, Muhammet Vefa, et Sedat Sevin. « Reducing Urban Heat Islands by Developing Cool Pavements ». Dans The Role of Exergy in Energy and the Environment, 43–50. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89845-2_4.

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Li, Chundie, et Chuck Wah Yu. « Mitigation of Urban Heat Development by Cool Island Effect of Green Space and Water Body ». Dans Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 551–61. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39584-0_62.

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Fallmann, Joachim, Renate Forkel et Stefan Emeis. « Cool Cities—Clean Cities ? Secondary Impacts of Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies on Urban Air Quality ». Dans Springer Proceedings in Complexity, 371–75. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24478-5_61.

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Prashad, Lela. « Urban Heat Island ». Dans Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 878–81. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_81.

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Yang, Bo. « Urban heat island ». Dans Landscape Performance, 103–14. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series : Routledge research in landscape and environmental design : Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315636825-11.

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Pushpa Lakshmi, R. « Urban Heat Island ». Dans Geoinformatics for Sustainable Urban Development, 71–84. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003331001-5.

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Baranka, Györgyi, L. Bozó, Rok Ciglič et Blaž Komac. « Urban Heat Island Gold Standard and Urban Heat Island Atlas ». Dans Counteracting Urban Heat Island Effects in a Global Climate Change Scenario, 41–70. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10425-6_2.

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Santamouris, Mattheos, Lan Ding et Paul Osmond. « Urban Heat Island Mitigation ». Dans Decarbonising the Built Environment, 337–55. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7940-6_18.

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Ashie, Yasunobu. « Tokyo Heat Island Adaptation Measures ». Dans Urban Climate Science for Planning Healthy Cities, 119–50. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87598-5_6.

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Sarda, Rajesh, et Swades Pal. « Nexus Between Anthropogenic Heat Flux and Urban Heat Island ». Dans Advancements in Urban Environmental Studies, 301–24. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21587-2_18.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Heat and Cool Island"

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Deng, Xiangyi, Wenping Yu, Xiangyang Liu et Wei Zhou. « Surface Urban Heat Island Effect Intensifies Heat Stress in Residents ». Dans IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 5382–85. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641077.

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Summits, Stephen, Paul Akula, Debangsu Bhattacharyya, Grigorios Panagakos, Benjamin Omell et Michael Matuszewski. « Optimal Design of Intensified Towers for CO2 Capture with Internal, Printed Heat Exchangers ». Dans Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 222–28. Hamilton, Canada : PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.123118.

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Solvent-based carbon capture processes typically suffer from the temperature rise of the solvent due to the heat of absorption of CO2. This increased temperature is not thermodynamically favorable and results in a significant reduction in performance in the absorber column. As opposed to interstage coolers, which only remove, cool, and return the solvent at discrete locations in the column, internal coolers that are integrated with the packing can cool the process inline, which can result in improved efficiency. This work presents the modeling of these internal coolers within an existing generic, equation-oriented absorber column model that can cool the process while allowing for simultaneous mass transfer. Optimization of this model is also performed, which is capable of optimally choosing the best locations to place these devices, such that heat removal and mass transfer area are balanced. Results of the optimization have shown that optimally placed cooling elements result in a significant increase in the capture efficiency of the process, compared to a similar column with no internal cooling, with a common trend being the cooling of the column in the temperature bulge region. It is observed that by optimally placing an internal cooler, the solvent flow rate can be decreased, and the CO2 lean loading can be increased while still maintaining the same efficiency. These process changes can lead to a substantial reduction in costs due to lower reboiler duty.
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« Solar-reflective “cool” walls : benefits, technologies, and implementation ». Dans Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands. BS Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/bsp.ic2uhi.36.

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ZHEN, Meng, Ru JIA, Qishu ZOU, Wei DING, Weihan ZOU et Ling WANG. « Effect and Development of Cool Roofs : A Review ». Dans Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands. BS Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/bsp.ic2uhi.26.

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Dontu, Shanmukh, et Vishal Garg. « Development of an online calculator for cool roof and green roof ». Dans Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands. BS Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/bsp.ic2uhi.16.

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Grifoni, Roberta Cocci, Simone Tascini, Ernesto Cesario et Graziano Enzo Marchesani. « Cool façade optimization : A new parametric methodology for the urban heat island phenomenon (UHI) ». Dans 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2017.7977677.

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Rallapalli, Hema Sree, et Janmejoy Gupta. « Cool Roof initiatives in India : An evaluation of the existing conditions and lessons to be learnt from global best practices ». Dans Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands. BS Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/bsp.ic2uhi.15.

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Arellano Ramos, Blanca, et Josep Roca Cladera. « Identifying urban heat island : the Barcelona case ». Dans Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8130.

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There is a large consensus that cities have a special role in the process of climate change. Cities are responsible for 75% of global energy consumption and 80% of GHG emissions, both due to "lifestyle" generated in the last 150 years and changes associated with urbanization process in the era of globalization and urban sprawl. The specialized literature has devoted many efforts to analyze the contribution of urban systems to climate change, occupying the Urban Heat Island (UHI) an important place in studies on urban climate. In this sense, the use of remote sensing technology has allowed detailed mapping of (daytime) land surface temperature (LST) for urban and metropolitan systems. These studies have demonstrated the key role played by vegetation, impervious soil and land uses to explain differences in the spatial distribution of LST. However, the information provided by satellites has important limitations: especially the low resolution of the thermal band of night images. MODIS, for example, provides valuable information on the night LST; however, the spatial resolution of the thermal band is about one km², scale clearly insufficient to identify accurately the spatial structure of the UHI. In the opposite site, Landsat offers a more accepTabla spatial resolution (30 m² / pixel for the visible bands of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as 60 to 100 m² / pixel in the thermal bands), but does not provide information about night soil temperature. In addition, it is at night when the urban heat island becomes more evident. Therefore, to determine the night LST in an appropriate scale (as offered by Landsat) remains a significant challenge in studies aimed at identifying the spatial structure of the UHI. In Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB, 3,200 km² and 4.8 million inhabitants), the (day) highest temperatures are not in the CBD but in areas that are more peripheral specialized in economic activity such as industrial parks, producing a "donut" in the spatial distribution of the LST. Bare soil also shows a (day) high surface temperature. In contrast, sprawled areas have a less pronounced LST. The spatial structure of the LST, however, changed significantly during the night: compact and sprawl areas maintain high levels of heat, facing the agricultural soil, which cools more sharply as also happens in the industrial land. UHI appears therefore overnight. This paper aims to show the spatial patterns of Urban Heat Island in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona at medium scale (30 m² / pixel). It develops a new methodology aimed at modeling the night temperature at one km² resolution (MODIS) and then extrapolating this methodology to a most accurate scale of 30 m² / pixel (Landsat). The study allows identifying differences in (night) LST according to the distribution of land use, quantity and quality of the vegetation, intensity of urban sprawl, spatial distribution of economic activity and type of urban morphology (continuous vs. scattered urbanization).
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Dissanayake, D. M. D. O. K., et K. M. Kurugama. « Remote sensing and GIS approach to evaluate the UHI effect in Colombo city using landsat satellite data ». Dans International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment - ISERME 2023. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2023.13.

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This study examines Colombo’s heat island effect due to rapid development, with factors including urbanisation, reduced vegetation, increased energy use, heat-absorbing surfaces, and waste heat. Urban expansion absorbs and releases heat, raising night temperatures, while reduced vegetation disrupts natural temperature regulation. Energy consumption from air conditioning, industry, and transport worsens the effect. Heat-trapping surfaces and waste heat intensify the problem. The study analyses land surface temperature (LST), normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI), normalised difference building index (NDBI), and albedo’s role in the urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHI spread north, east, and southeast from 2001 to 2019. NDVI inversely correlates with LST, indicating vegetation mitigates UHI; NDBI positively correlates, showing that built areas contribute. Lower albedo values heighten UHI by absorbing more solar radiation. Urban thermal difference index (UTFVI) assessment identifies 27% of the region under high thermal stress. Future Colombo urban planning should integrate strategies like urban greening, cool roofs, sustainable planning, energy efficiency, and public awareness to address the UHI effect, enhance residents’ lives, and promote sustainability. Successful implementation requires collaboration among policymakers, urban planners, and residents for a resilient urban environment.
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Gang, Huang, Sun Sheng, Pan Liangming et Si Junping. « Structural Design and Dynamic Analysis of the Heat Exchanger Used in Nuclear Fuel Test Loop ». Dans 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92625.

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Abstract The heat exchanger was required to cool the high temperature and high pressure primary water from the test chamber of the nuclear fuel test loop generated by test fuel assembly. The heat exchanger was composed of shell-tube heat exchanger group and double-pipe heat exchanger group, the regenerative structure was adopted to greatly reduce the thermal stress caused by the large temperature difference between primary water and secondary water, and the long-term safe and stable operation of the device was ensured, the establishment of 3D analysis model and dynamic analysis of the heat exchanger were carried out in the paper, stress strength of the heat exchanger by different loads under design condition, normal condition, abnormal condition, accident condition and test condition were obtained, stress strength assessment for the heat exchanger structure based on RCC-M specification design and construction rules for mechanical components of PWR nuclear island was also carried out, the results indicate that the strength of the heat exchanger satisfied requirements of every RCC-M level.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Heat and Cool Island"

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Akbari, Hashem, Tengfang Xu, Haider Taha, Craig Wray, Jayant Sathaye, Vishal Garg, Surekha Tetali, M. Hari Babu et K. Niranjan Reddy. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Urban Heat-island Effects : Findings from an India Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1026804.

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Iroz-Elardo, Nicole, Ladd Keith, Kristina Currans, Ashley Avila, Lauren Heath, Brenden Little, Ethan Wissler et Andrew Birkelbach. Assessing Cool Corridor Heat Resilience Strategies for Human-Scale Transportation. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.296.

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Donald R Powers, Donald R. Powers. Do hummingbirds use cool perches so they can fly in the heat ? Experiment, avril 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/13281.

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Dougherty, Brian P. A proposed methodology for rating air-source heat pumps that heat, cool, and provide domestic water heating. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4154.

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Jang, J. H. Cool-down and frozen start-up behavior of a grooved water heat pipe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10181001.

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Pomerantz, M., H. Akbari, A. Chen, H. Taha et A. H. Rosenfeld. Paving materials for heat island mitigation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/291033.

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Akbari, Hashem, et Steven J. Konopacki. Streamlined energy-savings calculations for heat-island reduction strategies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816531.

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Maloney, M., R. Soffer et L. Sun. Assessment of urban heat island impacts in GTA region. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/290169.

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Andrews, J. W. How to heat and cool a home with 400 CFM supply air and keep the ducts in the conditioned space. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/354896.

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EricksonKirk, M. Materials Reliability Program : Development of a New Process for Calculating RPV Heat-Up and Cool-Down Curves - Proof of Concept. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841932.

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