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1
Dubovych, Olesia, Nataliia Vasylieva et Iryna Drohomeretska. « LEGAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL REFORM’S IMPLEMENTATION : POLAND’S EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE ». PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LAW REVIEW, no 3 (1 octobre 2020) : 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2020-3-128.
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The academic paper has analyzed the experience of implementing the reform of the health care system in Poland, taking into account the legal regulation of the measures taken.The attention is focused on the basic stages of the medical reform, as well as the features of each stage. The legal aspects of the process of reforming the health care system in Poland have been investigated; they determine the sources and methods of financing health services, the level of quality of health care and the functioning of the health care system in general. The individual components of the health care system related to compulsory health insurance have been described. Based on the analysis, it has been proved that in practice there is no single universal model of financing the health care system. The experience of the functioning of health care in Poland has shown that the experience of reforming the health care system in Poland can be successfully implemented in the practice of medical reform in Ukraine, provided that the historical, economic and cultural features of the country are taken into account. It has been concluded that in order to improve measures to reform the medical system of Ukraine it is necessary to develop and implement measures aimed at the development of health insurance and medical self-government. Introduction of health insurance in Ukraine will help improve medical services, improve the management of the entire health care system and its financing.
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Mikuła, Łukasz, et Urszula Kaczmarek. « From marketization to recentralization : the health-care system reforms in Poland and the post-New Public Management concept ». International Review of Administrative Sciences 85, no 1 (16 juillet 2018) : 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852318773429.
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The aim of the article is to evaluate the outcomes of the post-1990 health-care system reforms in Poland in the context of New Public Management and post-New Public Management ideas. The most important arguments put forward in the public debate, both in favour and against the agencification, marketization and privatization of health services, are presented and discussed. They are confronted with quantitative data on the health situation in Poland. In the final sections, the programme of the recentralization and de-marketization of the hospital sector, proposed by the new government formed by the Law and Justice Party (in office since 2015), is analysed against the theoretical background of the post-New Public Management concept. Points for practitioners The transformation of the health-care system in Poland took place in 1999, almost 10 years after the democratic breakthrough of 1989, as a part of the second wave of territorial-administrative reforms. Commercialization and partial privatization of public hospitals following the New Public Management model of public sector reform has been much discussed in Poland for the last decade. Yet, this process, which is politically and socially very controversial, has proceeded at a moderate pace. The recent government’s proposals for the de-agencification and de-marketization of health care may be interpreted as a post-New Public Management reform aimed at achieving higher standards of coordination within the system but also as another step towards the consolidation of political power for the ruling party.
3
Langiewicz, Wanda, et Elzbieta Slupczynska-Kossobudzka. « Psychiatric services in the fifth year of health care reform in Poland ». International Psychiatry 1, no 6 (octobre 2004) : 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600006949.
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Changes in the Polish health care system, introduced by a Parliamentary Act in 1999, resulted from an urgent need for a more effective provision of health services, which were held in poor esteem by the public. Public expenditure on health care at the time of the reform was equivalent to 4.19% of gross national product, or US$363 at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita. This amount was considerably lower than in the most developed countries (i.e. members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD). The reformers’ main modification consisted of replacing state financing of health services with insurance-based financing. Statutory health insurance covers 99.4% of Poland's 38.2 million citizens. The insurance fee is to be increased from 7.0% of personal income at the beginning of the reforms to 9.0% (at present it has reached 8.25%). The aim was also to achieve relatively stable health care expenditure, independent of the annual political budget allocation. A special administrator was appointed for the Sickness or National Health Fund and was authorised to contract for health services. These market-oriented developments were paralleled by the implementation of special programmes, financed from the Ministry of Health budget, which were aimed at restructuring health care facilities.
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Pawłowski, T., et A. Kiejna. « Pathways to psychiatric care and reform of the public health care system in Poland ». European Psychiatry 19, no 3 (mai 2004) : 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.09.009.
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AbstractObjectiveSince 01.01.1999 a reform of the health care system in Poland has been realised based on the general health insurance act. We attempt to use the pathway method, especially measuring of time intervals along pathways, as a way of making accessibility to mental health services operational.MethodIn a period of 2 months all patients aged 15 and over who had not sought care from any public or private psychiatric service during the previous 365 days, were interviewed by psychiatrists, using the Polish version of the WHO Encounter Form.ResultsA total of 228 patients were seen. The study reveals that the median interval between first seeing a primary care giver and arrival at a mental health service was 12 weeks, which is much longer than all other European centres in previous studies.ConclusionMaking use of the pathway method and, in particular, median interval analysis between the onset of the mental health problem and seeing mental health professionals (MHPs) has shown practically limited access of patients, with a new episode of care to psychiatric services in both epidemiological catchment areas. This method seems to be a simple and inexpensive way of monitoring the accessibility to MHP in the period of health care reform.
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Ślęzak, Daniel, Przemysław Żuratyński, Klaudiusz Nadolny, Marlena Robakowska et Alicja Kalis. « Health System in Poland ». Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 53, no 2 (18 juillet 2017) : 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7971.
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Health care systems face challenges related to the technological advances in medicine, demographic changes and limited opportunities for growth funding for health, necessitating greater involvement in the search for more efficient systems. The authors present the functioning of the Polish health care system based on social, historical outline of the healthcare system in Poland and the functioning of the National Health Fund (NFZ). Poland has undergone many reforms of the health care system, the Bismarck model, the model Siemaszko, and finally to a model of universal health insurance. So everyone has the same right to health care services financed by the NFZ or directly from the state budget (eg. The system of state emergency medical services). The National Health Fund allows anyone insured to free healthcare and reimbursement of medicines. Introduced information about information programs.
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Mijal, Michał, et Małgorzata Winter. « Factors Influencing Teamwork in Health Care ». Engineering Management in Production and Services 9, no 2 (27 juin 2017) : 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/emj-2017-0018.
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyse different views on interpersonal relations and team composition among managers and medical professionals with respect to the transition of professional roles in healthcare in Poland. To achieve that goal, a description based on a quantitative and qualitative questionnaire was conducted. Since the questionnaire covered various areas of health care, only its small fraction was used for the analysis. The main result is that most of the medical professionals and medical managers consider technology to be the single most important external factor influencing the team work efficiency and team composition in health care, and the managers consider skillset as the crucial factor determining whether a person would be a good team member. Based on the literature on professional roles in health care and their evolution in recent years, one can assume that constant development and lifelong learning would play a significant role in the healthcare systems reform. The findings are an important contribution to the discussion of the healthcare reform and its possible directions in future years as well a reference point for policy makers.
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Rosiek, Anna Beata, et Krzysztof Leksowski. « Quality Assurance and Evaluation of Healthcare Reform Initiatives ». International Journal of Healthcare Delivery Reform Initiatives 3, no 3 (juillet 2011) : 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhdri.2011070104.
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This article describes a model of health-care services that ensure the high quality of health-care service and effective brand creation for a hospital. The problems described here that are connected to improving the quality of health care in Poland indicates that high quality of health care builds a positive and strong image of a health-care unit on the medical market. The contents of this article involve basic definitions of quality in health care and also the way the quality is understood and perceived from patient’s and hospital’s point of view. The article also describes a health care quality model, to which health care units should aspire in order to create a positive picture of said units, simultaneously improving and maintaining high quality of health care services. The article investigates the quality factors of health care services, which influence the healthcare units’ brand, its functioning on the market and patient-perceived quality of services. The described management model, which ensures efficient brand-building of healthcare units through services’ quality, takes into account changes in healthcare system and does so in order to ensure the improvement in healthcare units’ functioning.
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Sabbat, Jolanta. « International assistance and health care reform in Poland : barriers to project development and implementation ». Health Policy 41, no 3 (septembre 1997) : 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8510(97)00034-1.
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Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Katarzyna, et Anna Kozieł. « Towards Financial Sustainability of the Hospital Sector in Poland—A Post Hoc Evaluation of Policy Approaches ». Sustainability 12, no 12 (12 juin 2020) : 4801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124801.
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In Poland, as well as in many other countries around the world, hospitals constitute the cornerstone of health care provision. In 2020, hospitals stand at the frontline of the fight with the coronavirus pandemic, and are facing huge pressures. The issue of supporting the financial sustainability of the hospital sector has become especially important. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Provide a retrospective evaluation of the reforms aimed at improving the financial sustainability of hospitals in Poland, adopted and implemented within the last two decades (2000–2019), and (2) identify the main drivers of hospitals’ financial standing. A longitudinal analysis (2003–2018) of the stock of public hospital debt in Poland was also conducted. Methods applied included statistical data analysis and literature review. Results indicate that diverse top-down approaches (debt-relief programs with restructuration or corporatization elements as well as hospital network reform) provided limited results in terms of the improvement of the individual hospitals’ financial standing. The reasons for the reforms’ failures were mixed. Public hospitals operate under a unique and complex system of regulations with diverse external stakeholders and/or determinants influencing hospital revenues and cost generation. A more comprehensive and evidence-based approach is needed in developing policies aimed at supporting hospitals’ financial sustainability in Poland.
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Rój, Justyna. « INTEGRATED CARE – INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE. IMPLICATIONS FOR POLAND ». EPH - International Journal of Business & ; Management Science 4, no 4 (27 décembre 2018) : 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v4i4.76.
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In the course of the almost past 30 years, some health care reforms took place in Poland, which mainly applied to the changes in financing policies among others changes in the sources of health care financing also in the way of particular services financing. Recently, more concerns with integration and continuity of care can be noticed. This is why, the purpose of this article is to recognize the concept and scope of integrated care and implemented models. Also to find out what kind of conceptions should be met in purpose to implement more integration in health care system in Poland? So, to find out what kind of implications can arised for Poland from international perspective.
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Yusiuk, M. Yu, A. M. Yusiuk et L. A. Yusiuk. « HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM IN UKRAINE AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF FINANCING MODELS ». Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, no 1 (2020) : 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):100-107.
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Inroduction. Due to the fact that the reform of the healthcare system in Ukraine is in transition phase at the moment and, in addition, from April 1, 2020 changes are introduced at the second level of healthcare, it is advisable to describe the current state of medical reform in Ukraine, plans and prospects for further implementation and development, as well as the establishment of the features of various health financing systems and comparing the level of expenditures on the medical industry between countries, experience of which should be taken into account. Materials and Methods. The article uses the reports of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the analytical materials of medical experts. In addition, when analyzing various models of financing the health system and their features, quantitative indicators of expenditures of the countries surveyed are used. A comparison is made of the level of expenditures on the health care system between Ukraine and some European countries: Great Britain, the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. Discussion. The main achievements of the first stage of the health care reform and plans for further changes are described. The strengths and weaknesses of each model of financing the health system are identified. It is proved that the level of government spending on the health care system in Ukraine is the smallest among the other countries examined, but one of the largest in terms of payments out of pocket. In addition, a model has been established for financing the health care system in Ukraine, which most fully meets it in modern conditions.
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Adamyk, Viktoriia, et Khrystyna Shcherbiak. « Exchange of experience in the field of medical services as a form of international cooperation between Ukraine and Poland ». Herald of Economics, no 3 (21 novembre 2021) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.03.053.
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Introduction. The development of bilateral relations in the context of globalization and European integration involves expanding the range of forms of cooperation, as well as those areas covered by cooperation. The implementation of medical reform in Ukraine necessitates the intensification of the exchange of experience in the medical field with other countries, including Poland. The rapid processes of digitalization against the background of the Kovid-19 pandemic determine the modernization of communication tools and cooperation in the field of health services.The purpose of the article is to study the state and prospects of exchange of experience in the field of medical services between Ukraine and Poland.Research methods. To achieve the goal set in the article, general scientific and special methods were used, namely: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, systematization, as well as elements of comparative analysis. The methodological basis for the study are national and international regulations of Ukraine and Poland, which regulate the functioning of health care and bilateral relations in the field of medical services, scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, statistical reports and more.Results. The exchange of experience in the provision of medical services between Ukraine and Poland is carried out in a slightly different state of health care and taking into account Ukraine’s integration intentions using tools such as conferences, seminars, webinars, academic mobility of scientists and students, bilateral agreements between medical institutions with the support of local governments and self-government, etc. Digitalization, on the one hand, expands opportunities for collaboration, and on the other - necessitates the need to improve the quality of technical equipment of hospitals and makes new demands on human capital. Improving the exchange of experience in the field of medical services is enhanced by receiving technical assistance from Polish partners, including under the auspices of international institutions, such as the EU, WHO, UNICEF, etc. Perspective areas are the introduction of the eHealth system in Ukraine, as well as the involvement of Polish specialists to modernize the management system in domestic health care facilities. The article details the recommendations for intensifying the exchange of experience between Ukraine and Poland in areas and tools.Perspectives. Future research is important to focus on an interdisciplinary analysis of the consequences of health care reform in Ukraine and Poland in the context of the impact on the well-being of citizens.
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Mokrzycka, Anna, Iwona Kowalska-Bobko, Anna Sagan et W. Cezary Włodarczyk. « The 2014 primary health care reform in Poland : Short-term fixes instead of a long-term strategy ». Health Policy 120, no 11 (novembre 2016) : 1226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2016.07.012.
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Exter. « Legal Reforms of the Polish Health Care System in View of Accessing the European Union ». European Journal of Health Law 8, no 1 (2001) : 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718090120523321.
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AbstractThe 1980s was a decade of protracted crisis within state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, most manifestly in Poland. Poland became the trendsetter and model for change not only during the crisis of State socialism but also afterwards, during the pre-transition crisis and breakthrough from one system to another and the first period of democratic transition. Poland, therefore, experienced both the advantages and disadvantages of being a pioneer. This is for instance the case with the health care sector.This paper examines recent legislative changes in the Polish health care system. A descriptive analysis of the current legal framework identifies the main changes that have occurred since the dissolution of the socialist health system. Further research of, in particular, the new Health Insurance Act reveals several discrepancies with respect to its 'compatibility' with European Community law. Since adoption of the acquis communautaire is a prerequisite for accession, the author discusses a main acquis aspect related to social health insurance law, viz the implementation of Co-ordination Regulation 1408/71.
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Kiejna, A., P. Piotrowski et T. M. Gondek. « Overview of psychiatry in Poland, 2000–2015 ». European Psychiatry 33, S1 (mars 2016) : S195—S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.451.
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At the beginning of the 21st century, psychiatry in Poland was functioning in the model based mostly on the network of large institutions localised outside of the main city centres. Due to Poland's accession to the European Union, it was necessary to change the mental health care system. This need was legally sanctioned when the Law on Protection of Mental Health was passed in 1994. The solutions were included in the National Programme on Mental Health Care (NPOZP). NPOZP comprised the guidelines on the mental health care system shift to community-based health services, including a roadmap for its implementation in 2011–2015. According to the evaluation of the NPOZP, including the information gathered by the Ministry of Health, the programme was implemented to a small extent. The number of large psychiatric institutions and the number of in-patient beds were reduced, the numbers of day wards as well as psychiatric wards in the multidisciplinary hospitals were increased. The training of the staff for the new system beginned. A serious challenge for the continuation of the reforms being carried out is the provision of the sufficient number of mental health professionals, particularly in the face of economic migration. A short duration of the proposed NPOZP implementation period did not allow for a full application of the new mental health care solutions, however the awareness that its implementation may be at risk led to a public and media discourse which definitely will have an impact on the improvement of the execution of the programme.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Owczarzak, Jill. « Defining Democracy and the Terms of Engagement with the Postsocialist Polish State Insights from HIV/AIDS ». East European Politics and Societies : and Cultures 23, no 3 (6 avril 2009) : 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325409333189.
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This article explores the history of HIV activism in Poland from the socialist period through the early 1990s transformation as a means of examining the reconfiguration of rights, obligations, and responsibility as Poland redefined itself as a market democracy. Drawing on archival materials, in-depth qualitative interviews with current and former HIV activists, and participant observation at HIV prevention organizations in Warsaw, Poland, I sketch the ways in which the socialist system's failures to protect the health of its subjects led to the terms through which state-citizen engagement was defined in the postsocialist period. Uncertainties and anxieties surrounding who was responsible for protecting the health and well-being of citizens in the newly democratic Poland gave rise to a series of violent protests centered on HIV prevention and care for people living with HIV/AIDS. Resolution of these political and social crises involved defining democracy in postsocialist Poland through claims to moral authority, in alliance with the Catholic Church, and an obligation by multiple stakeholders to disseminate technical/scientific knowledge. By comparing the responses to the epidemic by diverse institutions, including the government, the Catholic Church, and the fledgling gay rights movement, this analysis reveals the ways in which democracy in postsocialist Poland tightly links science, democratic reform, and moral/ religious authority while at the same time excluding sexual minorities from engaging in political activism centered on rights to health and inclusion in the new democracy.
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Lenio, Paweł. « Źródła finansowania ochrony zdrowia w Polsce i we Włoszech ». Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 115 (26 février 2019) : 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.115.6.
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SOURCES OF FINANCING OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN POLAND AND IN ITALYThe study found that the majority of similarities and differences in the legal structure of Polish and Italian sources of financing of health care are the result of the adoption of a specific model of health care, and therefore there are fundamental differences between the catalogues of sources of financing health care in Poland and Italy. The basis for the difference between the Italian and Polish catalogues of sources of financing health care is the obligation of patients to contribute to the costs of the health care system in Italy by paying fees in return for receiving a certain type of service. In the reforms of the Polish and Italian health care systems one can see signs of transferring more and more responsibility to local government units. However, Italian and Polish local government units have no influence on the principles of functioning of the system and the shape of basic sources of financing health care.
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Pawliczak, Jakub, et Leszek Bosek. « News and Views ». European Journal of Health Law 17, no 4 (2010) : 361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180910x516367.
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AbstractThe Act of 6 November 2008 on Patients’ Rights and the Commissioner for Patients’ Rights collect and safeguard patients’ basic rights as well as provide, for the first time in Poland, an original concept for patients’ collective rights. In addition, the new Act stipulates the specific mechanism for protecting patients’ rights by the newly established body called the Commissioner for Patients’ Rights. Polish reform of medical law will undoubtedly contribute to the expected ratification of the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. However, the nature of codified rights is relatively abstract, and the Act cannot be read without reference to legislation related to physicians and health care institutions.
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Kiejna, Andrzej, Bogdan Wojtyniak et Joanna Rymaszewska. « Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in Polish population – national health interview survey ». Acta Neuropsychiatrica 16, no 6 (décembre 2004) : 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.00105.x.
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Objective:The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in Polish population.Subjects and methods:The national health interview survey was based on entire non-institutionalized Polish population by means of randomized, stratified (urban and rural census tracks) two-stage method (over 39 000 respondents). Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was based on General Health Questionnaire-12.Results:Psychiatric morbidity was noted in almost 1/4 of women and 1/5 of men in Poland, with small differences between urban and rural population. Every 10th woman reported such complaints at the age up to 25 years and every second above 75 years of age. Divorced and widowed respondents, irrespective of gender, have psychiatric disorders more frequently than compared groups. Higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was noted in out of work and especially disabled persons. The higher the level of education, the lower the frequency of psychiatric morbidity was observed.Conclusion:Presented survey enabled to evaluate prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in Polish representative sample. Findings should trigger more extended epidemiological studies. The requirement for epidemiological investigations increases in reform-awaiting health care system in Poland, for at least one reason that the improvement of the quality of services is closely associated with a detailed recognition of the problem.
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Sobis, Iwona. « Nothing but Trouble : Studies on the Effects of Reforms in Elderly Care in Sweden and Poland ». NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 6, no 1 (1 juillet 2013) : 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2013-0002.
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Abstract Reforms of the public sector, conducted in the spirit of NPM since the 1990s, are frequently studied by Western and Eastern scholars. The research shows national variations in how the NPM idea was translated and adapted into a country’s context and regulations. Care for the elderly is an interesting example of reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM, because it relates to welfare and health care and to the competences of provincial and local authorities in most European countries. This paper addresses the following questions: What do we know about the reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM and its practical implication within the field of care for the elderly during 1990 - 2010? What kind of knowledge about care for the elderly is still missing and should be developed in the future ? Th is paper conducts comparative research on what is known about the effects of the Swedish and the Polish reforms regarding care for the elderly. It argues that most literature points to negative effects, but also to the fact that there are still gaps in our knowledge about the effects of reforms concerning elderly care, especially regarding its organization. Hence, despite all the research done, we do not know what kind of social and health-care services for seniors represent the best practices for the future.
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Głód, Grzegorz, et Maciej Langer. « Legal and economic determinants of restructuring processes in health care entities in Poland ». Ekonomia i Prawo 21, no 2 (30 juin 2022) : 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eip.2022.021.
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Motivation: The majority of problems in the health care system originate in the limited financial resources, but the efficiency of the system is also — indirectly — affected by the management of these resources, which is sometimes not as effective as it might be. These problems become particularly apparent in the Polish public health care, undergoing constant reforms. This brings into focus the issue relating to restructuring processes, which are determined by relevant legal regulations and the competences of people in charge, who need to maintain the consistency of implementation.
Aim: The article aims to analyse legal and economic determinants in the restructuring of health care entities in Poland, with particular emphasis on the possible application of restructuring proceedings to these entities. Further, it identifies key success factors for restructuring processes from the perspective of management. The following legal acts were included in the analysis: the Act of 15 May 2015 the Restructuring Law, the Act of 15 April 2011 on medical activity, the Act of 23 April 1964 the Civil Code, the Act of 28 February 2003 the Bankruptcy Law. The review of good management practices in the research area was presented.
Results: Based on the analysis, recommendations concerning the implementation of restructuring processes in health care entities were formulated. The benefits stemming from the application of restructuring proceedings to health care entities were discussed. The key elements of the restructuring plan, accompanied with practical guidelines, were presented.
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Łysoń, Artur. « Spory co do statusu prawnego Samodzielnego Publicznego Zakładu Opieki Zdrowotnej ». Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 19 (28 décembre 2016) : 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.19.13.
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Disputes as to the Legal Status of Independent Public Health Care FacilitiesLife and health are values which are of fundamental importance both for individuals and for the proper functioning of society. Therefore, topics concerning health care in Poland have always aroused great controversy and numerous disputes. The functioning of the health care system is an important topic of public debate, scientific controversy, as well as private dispute amongst Poles. This article does not, however, focus on the sociological aspects of the operation of the health care system, but rather on the legal status of the primary legal-organizational unit of the system, namely independent public health care facilities. The analysis has been subjected to the genesis of the solutions functioning to date as well as the problems which have arisen in this respect. The legal conditions surrounding the activity of independent public health care facilities IPHF presented in this article, in particular the disputes as to whether or not these entities have alegal personality and entrepreneurial status, demonstrate alack of consistency on the part of the legislature, imprecision and inconsistency of regulations and anotable absence of aconception as to how the health care system should ultimately be shaped from the institutional point of view. Without denying the benefits of the introduction of modern methods of management in medical entities, it should be stressed that simply achange in the legal-organizational form is not comprehensive reform, but only afragment thereof.
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Slyvka, Larysa. « Practice of Implementation of Health Education in Schools of the Republic of Poland ». Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 8, no 1 (1 avril 2021) : 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.8.1.106-115.
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The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of health promotion through education and upbringing. The increased attention of scientists to the problems of the theory and practice of health pedagogy is revealed, the vectors of scientific researches in this sphere are determined. The need to use the positive elements of the experience of foreign countries in the theory and practice of domestic health education is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to highlight the content and some forms of implementation of health-oriented educational programs in the educational process of schools in the Republic of Poland. The research methods were aimed at describing the legislative basis of health care activities in Polish schools; analyzed a number of legislative documents of the Republic of Poland on health of children and youth – “National Health Program” (1990), the Law “On Education” (1991), the Law “On Physical Culture” (1996), the Law “On Reform Education System” (1999), Order of the Minister of National Education “On the Basic Curriculum of Preschool and General Education” (2008). The most important strategies and tactics of this process in this country are highlighted. A variety of methodological approaches have been used to provide the most objective and holistic view of the research problem. The analysis of health-preserving activity of 10 schools of the Republic of Poland is carried out: kindergarten-schools № 7 of Krakow, state primary school named after St. Kinga in Zhegochyn, state primary school № 11 named after Lviv Eagles in Opole, association of schools with integration departments (primary school № 13 and gymnasium № 3) in Myslowice, association of schools № 2 named after John Paul II in the village of Nazzym, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, primary school № 10 in Tarnowskie Gory, primary school in Nivka, primary school № 42 named after Stanisław Staszyc in Łód, primary school № 23 named after John Paul II in Rzeszów, primary school № 20 in Katowice. The diversity of health-oriented educational influences has been revealed. The author presents the content and forms of implementation of the following programs in schools: “My child goes to school”, “A glass of milk”, “Keep fit”, the National AIDS Program and HIV prevention, “Clean air around us”, “Fruit and vegetables at school”, “Healthy eating and physical activity in schools”, “Don't fall for me, please”. The author offers prospects for further research - a comparison of practical and methodological aspects of solving the problem of health of a growing individual in secondary schools in Poland and Ukraine.
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Rybarczyk-Szwajkowska, Anna, et Izabela Rydlewska-Liszkowska. « Priority Setting in the Polish Health Care System According to Patients’ Perspective ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 3 (28 janvier 2021) : 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031178.
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Identification of health priorities is concerned with equitable distribution of resources and is an important part of strategic planning in the health care system. The aim of this article is to describe health priorities in the Polish health care system from the patients’ perspective. The study included 533 patients hospitalized in the Lodz region. The average age of the respondents was 48.5 years and one third (36.6%) had university education. Most of the respondents (64.9%) negatively assessed the functioning of the health care system in Poland. Most of them claimed the following aspects require improvements: financing health services (85.8%), determining priorities in health care (80.3%), the role of health insurance (80.3%), and medical education (70.8%). Over 70% of the respondents agreed the role of politicians in designing and implementing health system reforms should be limited. The fact that the respondents so negatively assessed the Polish health care system implies there is a need for full discussion on redefining health priorities.
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Rój, Justyna. « Competition measurement of hospitals in Poland : the Herfindahl-Hirschman index approach ». Ekonomika 95, no 1 (12 avril 2016) : 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2016.1.9912.
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The purpose of this study was to measure the competition level of general hospitals in Poland. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was used to investigate the concentration level of the general hospital sector in Poland, which is treated in the literature as a proxy of competition. To understand how general hospitals’ market has been structured and thus competitive, the data for general hospitals spanning all Poland for the period of 2005-2013 were collected. The concentration of hospitals was measured in each of the 16 provinces in Poland based on the aggregated data at the counties level. Data are collected from the public statistical system. The HHI indices support the assertion that in the period of analysis the entire general hospitals’ sector in Poland has been on average moderately concentrated and thus, moderately competitive with the growing tendency to higher concentration and less competition. Moreover, the concentration of hospitals’ services is diversified across the provinces and regions of Poland and it is quite uneven. The analysis also shows that changes in the health care market, which took place in the analysed period, especially statutory changes regarding hospitals in 2011, affected the level of concentration and thus competition. Including this introduction, this paper is organized into six sections. Section 2 outlines the Polish health care reforms especially those applying to hospitals. Section 3 and 4 presents the concept of empirical research, such as data and method. Section 5 provides results of empirical research and section 6 concludes.
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Bogusława Urbaniak. « Social security and safety of older adults in Poland ». Magyar Gerontológia 12 (26 novembre 2020) : 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47225/mg/12/kulonszam/8450.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Poland’ population will be ageing at a fast rate in the coming decades. It is projected that in 2070 the Polish ratio between people aged 65 and over and those aged 15-64 years will be 62.6, the highest among EU-27 countries. Population ageing appeared in the public debate in Poland as a separate subject in the 1990s, following a negative natural population increase and the looming impact of the massive withdrawal of baby boomers from the labour market on the pension system. One of the reasons for older persons’ growing interest in retirement was pension system reforms planned by successive governments.
The announcement of the year 2012 as the European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity Between Generations (decision no. 940/2011/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2011) contributed in Poland to the emergence of a senior policy from a social policy and initiated major legislative, institutional, and organisational changes at the national, regional and local levels of government. It also inspired the redefinition of measures used hitherto in line with the evolution in the perception of older people from social care recipients to active members of their communities entitled to education and economic, social, civic and political activity. In 2013, the Senior Policy Council was established as a consultative and advisory body to the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, and then similar councils supporting regional and local authorities were organised.
In order to encourage greater activity among seniors, a special governmental programme was created in December 2013, which grants funds on a competitive basis to projects concerning social activities, education, and intergenerational cooperation submitted by informal and formal groups of seniors.
The national government’s key documents on senior policy, one for the period from 2014 to 2020 and the other spanning the years until 2030, are Resolution 238 of 24 Dec. 2013 by the Board of Ministers on the Adoption of Long-term Senior Policy in Poland for the Years 2015-2020 and Resolution 161 of 28 Oct. 2018 by the Board of Ministers on the adoption of Social Policy Towards the Older Persons 2030. Security-Participation-Solidarity. In 2015, the Polish Parliament passed the elderly people act, which requires institutions in charge of the well-being of older persons to monitor and report on their situation. The reports submitted by the institutions are used by the Ministry of Labour to compile and present an annual evaluation of the status of the older population in Poland.
The regional governments’ senior policy is reflected in their social policy strategies. The strategies’ operational goals started to address needs specific to older people since 2002, focusing in particular on improving their quality of life, developing round-the-clock care services, at-home care services, and rehabilitation services, and on reducing social exclusion and marginalization of seniors.
Social security and the safety of older adults are progressively improving in Poland, but the greatest progress has been made in the area of active ageing. Social care services for the elderly still require improvement, because the predominant family care model is inefficient in many ways due to:
limited financing of care services by public institutions,
the growing proportion of single elderly persons,
the increasing number of people aged 85+ (the so-called double population ageing),
social insurance disregarding long-term care to an elderly family member as an insurable risk,
a lack of legislation allowing employed people to seek a long-term leave to give care to an older family member,
the informal expectation that women who retire at the age of 60 years will take care of the oldest family members.
While neither the scale nor the quality of home care services given to older persons is regularly surveyed in Poland, it can be presumed that the scale of care services is insufficient and that they excessively burden families with a member in need of care. Between 2010 and 2018, the number of persons aged 65+ increased in Poland by over 1.5 million, the number of the users of attendance services and specialised attendance services by 29,000 (from 99,000 to 128,000), and the number of residences in homes and facilities providing assistance to aged persons by 7,000 (from 20,000 to 27,100.)
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Krajewski-Siuda, Krzysztof, et Piotr Romaniuk. « Poland—an “experimental range” for health care system changes. Two reforms : decentralization and centralization and their consequences ». Journal of Public Health 16, no 1 (5 juin 2007) : 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-007-0118-0.
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Leven, Bozena. « Poland's Transition In Business Education ». American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 3, no 1 (1 janvier 2010) : 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v3i1.372.
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Prior to Poland's transition from central planning to a market system, which began in 1990, schools of business were non-existent in that country. Instead, university level instruction on economics during the socialist period was closely tied to ideological priorities, and limited to imparting skills suitable for planned economy. All universities were owned by the state, heavily politicized, and solely focused on supporting a centrally planned economy. There was no meaningful attempt to impart, or even describe, market oriented theories, leaving Poland almost wholly without the basic human capital needed to run a market economy. This backdrop makes higher education reform particularly crucial for Poland’s continued economic development and, to date, marketization has fundamentally transformed that sector. Poland’s current higher education system is now compatible with those of many Western European countries, relies on standard Western curricula, and enjoys significant academic autonomy, which exceeds that of some more developed Western countries. This sector has also seen an unprecedented growth in economics and business programs enrollments, along with the formation of private universities. Indeed, the depth and rapidity of Poland's progress in reforming higher education stands in marked contrast to that of other former centrally planned economies, and may serve as an interesting case study for potential reforms in Russia and other former Soviet republics. In this paper we describe the progress and effects of several major reforms in Poland's higher business education, examining changes in funding, potential funding sources, the structure of faculty governance, educational programs and degrees granted, the formation of new curricula, and Poland’s system of faculty promotion. Following this examination, we identify and discuss a number of continuing systemic obstacles to further progress in this area, and discuss how they might be addressed. In addition, we apply Western metrics to assess and evaluate the impact of reform on the current and future quality of Poland's business education. One consequence of Poland's transition to a market economy is its high level of governmental involvement in income redistribution policies, and a quasi-monopolistic position regarding the provision of such services as for example, health care, and quality higher education . Because these governmental policies have parallels in the experiences of European countries, those experiences provide insights into possible outcomes upon which various policy recommendations for Poland may be drawn.
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Wiżentas, Ewelina. « Lecznicze zabiegi magiczne mieszkańców Wierszyny na Syberii (obwód irkucki) ». Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie 25 (30 décembre 2022) : 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1429-4168.25.6.
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The article is devoted to folk medical procedures presented using the example of the village of Vershina in the Irkutsk region. The Vershinians are descendants of Polish immigrants from Lesser Poland (Małopolska) to Siberia during the Stolypin land reform. Despite many difficulties and various twists of history, the Vershinians managed to preserve the Polish language (Lesser Polish dialect) and the culture of their ancestors. However, over time, their traditions have changed due to historical circumstances and the influence of other cultures living in that region. The medical procedures transmitted among the inhabitants of Vershina have been preserved to this day. The belief of the rural population in the reliable power of such rituals encouraged them to perform these practices with special care and attach particular importance to the spoken word and action. These magical treatments emphasize that human life and health have been regarded as valuable in the community.
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Jewczak, Maciej. « Determinants for Spatial Location of Pharmacies ». Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 15, no 4 (8 mars 2013) : 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-012-0028-4.
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The topic of drug reimbursement is an important subject when one makes a decision on the construction of the reform of the health sector. Any change in the reimbursement list ends with a hot debate in the media and in everyday life. Incomprehensible pricing strategies used by pharmacies, force patients to seek those places that offer the necessary medication at the lowest possible price. Recognizing the economic opportunities for a profitable business, in recent years, a significant increase in the number of pharmacies is observed, and therefore, the number of these entities makes the process of selling drugs, especially those from the reimbursement list, almost impossible to control. The article aims to reveal the spatial dependence for the pharmaceutical market on the example of pharmacies in poviat districts of Poland. An attempt is made to assess the prevalence of spatial dependence between the number of pharmacies and other determinants indicating health care resources, ageing process and the state of health of Poles. The summary of the study is to build a spatial model with its diagnosis for the number of pharmacies according to various socio-economic factors.
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Leven, Bozena. « Corruption and reforms : A case of Poland’s medical sector ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 38, no 4 (11 novembre 2005) : 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2005.09.005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study focuses on the effects of Poland’s reforms in the period 1990e2005 on corruption in the health care system. In the last 15 years Poland has transformed its economy drastically, introducing market-oriented reforms into almost every aspect of its economy. In this study we consider how different reforms changed incentives and mechanisms facilitating corruption in the medical care sector. Our conclusion is that corruption in Poland’s medical sector has worsened since the onset of the marketization reforms. We support this conclusion primarily by analyzing changes in incentives for corruption and the number of mechanisms facilitating it. In addition, where available, quantitative data are provided, though we recognize that numerical estimates of corruption are subject to substantial error. We focus on three major forms of corruption: patient payments to secure medical treatment or improve its quality, payments from industry (mostly pharmaceutical and medical equipment producers), and the use by physicians of free public facilities for private patients.
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Brusis, Martin. « Residuales oder europäisches Wohlfahrtsmodell ? » PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 29, no 114 (1 mars 1999) : 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v29i114.823.
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The study discusses welfare reforms in the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) in relation with the adaptation processes of Western European welfare states on the one hand, the accession preparations of the CEEC on the other. Policy approaches and outcomes are scrutinized for labour market policy, health care, pension systems and family policy in the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary and Poland. The study argues that the institutional reforms currently undertaken in Central and Eastern Europe will decide on the future - European or residual - nature of the welfare states in the region. Due to the pre-accession constellation the EU is in a position to influence the path of development and there are good reasons for the EU to promote a European welfare model in the CEEC. However, the European Commission has neither formulated such a model nor contributed to its implementation during the accession preparations.
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Lurie, L. « Real clinical practice ». Infusion & ; Chemotherapy, no 3.2 (15 décembre 2020) : 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-188-190.
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Background. Real clinical practice (RCP) exists in an evidence-based and regulatory framework, taking into account the social, political and economic situation in the country. Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is the main challenge of modern RCP.
Objective. To describe the modern features of the RCP.
Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this issue.
Results and discussion. On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed about 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown origin. On January 1, 2020, the first WHO guidelines were issued. The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a health emergency on January 30 and a pandemic – on March 11. Experience with COVID-19 varies from country to country. In Germany, for example, pharmacies were allowed to produce disinfectants on their own, in Australia the telemedicine system was expanded, and in Poland a law was issued that provided the regulation of remote work, simplification of public procurement, and emergency pharmacy prescriptions. In Ukraine, the first information from the Ministry of Health on coronavirus was published on January 21. On February 19, a decision was made to procure medicines to combat COVID-19. On March 11, the export of personal protective equipment was banned, and on March 12, quarantine was imposed throughout Ukraine. On March 17, the first laws of Ukraine on combating the coronavirus were adopted. One in four patients who fell ill at the beginning of the outbreak was a health worker, which reduced the availability of medical care. The imposition of a pandemic on phase 2 of health care reform has limited health care and patients’ access to clinics and hospitals, and suspended planned hospitalizations and surgeries. Medicines without evidence were included in the COVID-19 National Treatment Protocol. An analysis of drug sales in pharmacies showed that quarantine had decreased the sales of cough and cold remedies, nasal irrigation solutions (due to a reduction in the number of socially transmitted diseases), and antidiarrheal drugs. Instead, sales of laxatives have increased (presumably due to changes in diet and limited physical activity). Sales of drugs for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases also decreased. Quarantine in combination with the restriction of the availability of infusion therapy in the practice of the family doctor has led to a reduction in the appointment of parenteral drugs by half. In the absence of planned hospitalizations and surgeries, the volume of prescriptions for infusion drugs decreased by 13 %. There was a redistribution of drug consumption in favor of domestic drugs. “Yuria-Pharm” was in the top 3 among Ukrainian drug manufacturers. 6 out of 10 general leaders are domestic companies. “Yuria-Pharm” is a leader in blood substitutes and perfusion solutions prescribed by doctors of 16 specialties. The solutions were most often prescribed for pneumonia, mental and behavioral disorders caused by alcohol abuse, acute pancreatitis, cerebrovascular diseases, delivery, acute appendicitis, malignant tumors, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic ischemic heart disease. For example, Tivortin (“Yuria-Pharm”) is most often prescribed by gynecologists, less often – by physicians / family doctors, neurologists, surgeons, cardiologists, anesthesiologists. In turn, Reosorbilact (“Yuria-Pharm”) is among the top 3 drugs administered by hospital doctors for the period 2014-2020. Repeated prescriptions for reimbursement were issued remotely, however, despite government programs, treatment in Ukraine still depends on the patient’s money. The National Health Service of Ukraine for 2021 proposed to increase the salaries of health care workers and reduce the catastrophic costs of medicines paid by patient on its own. At present, there is a need to transfer the results of clinical trials to the RCP, as the studies are conducted in specialized strictly controlled conditions, and the RCP allows to obtain more real results. There are several types of RCP studies: non-interventional, post-registration, marketing, pharmacoeconomic, and patient database and registry studies.
Conclusions. 1. COVID-19 pandemic is the main challenge of modern RCP. 2. The imposition of a pandemic onto phase 2 of health care reform has limited health care and patients’ access to clinics and hospitals, and suspended planned hospitalizations and surgeries. 3. In the conditions of pandemic and quarantine there was a redistribution of drug consumption in favor of domestic drugs. 4. Reosorbilact (“Yuria-Pharm”) is among the top 3 drugs administered by hospital doctors for the period 2014-2020.
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Ramos, Maryann. « Health costs reform versus health care reform ». Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 22, no 11 (novembre 2009) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01720610-200911000-00003.
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Holt, G. Richard. « Health Care Reform ». Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 13, no 5 (1 septembre 2011) : 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.2011.50.
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Chapman, Audrey R. « Health Care Reform ». Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 28, no 2 (2008) : 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jsce200828211.
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Gelb, Richard L. « Health Care Reform ». Cancer Investigation 13, no 6 (janvier 1995) : 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07357909509024939.
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Murro, Anthony. « Health Care Reform ». Mayo Clinic Proceedings 81, no 8 (août 2006) : 1130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/81.8.1130-a.
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Shore, James H. « Health Care Reform ». Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 74, no 03 (15 mars 2013) : e219. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.12bk08318.
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Ellek, D. « Health Care Reform ». American Journal of Occupational Therapy 46, no 9 (1 septembre 1992) : 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.46.9.843.
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Lorenz, R. « Health-Care Reform ». Diabetes Care 17, no 6 (1 juin 1994) : 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.17.6.624a.
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&NA;. « Health Care Reform ». Endocrinologist 3, no 4 (juillet 1993) : 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019616-199307000-00012.
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Harolds, Jay. « Health Care Reform ». Clinical Nuclear Medicine 35, no 9 (septembre 2010) : 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rlu.0b013e3181ee7af0.
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von Gruenigen, V. E., et T. C. Deveny. « Health Care Reform ». Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 32, no 2 (juin 2012) : 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000414060.09804.30.
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Cada, Dennis J. « Health Care Reform ». Hospital Pharmacy 44, no 9 (septembre 2009) : 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4409-729.
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Naccarelli, Gerald V. « Health care reform ». Current Opinion in Cardiology 12, no 1 (janvier 1997) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001573-199701000-00001.
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Joel, Lucille A. « Health Care Reform ». AJN, American Journal of Nursing 95, no 1 (janvier 1995) : 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199501000-00002.
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Embrey, Mary Louise. « Health Care Reform ». NASN School Nurse 24, no 1 (janvier 2009) : 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942602x08329565.
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Fein, Rashi. « Health Care Reform ». Scientific American 267, no 5 (novembre 1992) : 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1192-46.
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Wald, Richard M., et Shailey S. Patel. « Health Care Reform ». Compensation & ; Benefits Review 44, no 2 (mars 2012) : 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368712449897.
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