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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Health care reform – Czech Republic »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Pec, Ondrej. « Mental health reforms in the Czech Republic ». BJPsych International 16, n^o 1 (15 mars 2018) : 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.27.

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This paper describes the history and current provision of mental healthcare in the Czech Republic. After the political changes in 1989, there was an expansion of out-patient care and several non-governmental organisations began to provide social rehabilitation services, but the main focus of care still rested on mental hospitals. In recent years, mental health reform has been in progress, which has involved expanding community-based services and psychiatric wards of general hospitals, simultaneously with educational and destigmatisation programmes.

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Dobiášová, Karolína, Eva Tušková, Pavla Hanušová, Olga Angelovská et Monika Ježková. « The Development of Mental Health Policies in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic since 1989 ». Central European Journal of Public Policy 10, n^o 1 (1 mai 2016) : 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cejpp-2016-0022.

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Abstract The article aims to describe the key events in the development of mental health care policies after 1990 in the two countries and identify the main reasons for stagnation or incremental changes to the institutional setting in the field of mental health care. The process of mental health care reform is explained using the framework of historical institutionalism. The explanation shows that the lack of political interest in combination with the tradition of institutional care resulted in poor availability of psychiatric care, outdated network of inpatient facilities and critical lack of community care facilities in both countries. Even though Slovak Republic adopted national programme at the governmental level, it still struggles with its implementation. The ongoing reform attempt in the Czech Republic may bring some change, thanks to a new approach towards strategic governance of the mental health care system and the mechanism of layering that the promoters of the reform use.

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Earl‐Slater, Alan. « Health‐care reforms in the Czech Republic ». Journal of Management in Medicine 10, n^o 2 (avril 1996) : 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02689239610117780.

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Broulikova, Hana M., Martin Dlouhy et Petr Winkler. « Expenditures on Mental Health Care in the Czech Republic in 2015 ». Psychiatric Quarterly 91, n^o 1 (26 novembre 2019) : 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09688-3.

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AbstractExpenditures on mental health care in the Czech Republic are not being published regularly, yet they are indispensable for evaluation of the ongoing reform of Czech mental health care. The main objective of this study is to estimate the size of these expenditures in 2015 and make a comparison with the last available figures from the year 2006. The estimation is based on an OECD methodology of health accounts, which structures health care expenditures according to health care functions, provider industries, and payers. The expenditures are further decomposed according to diagnoses, and inputs used in service production. The amount spent on mental health care in 2015 reached more than 13.7 billion Czech korunas (EUR 501.6 million), which represented 4.08% of the total health care expenditures. This ratio is almost identical with the 2006 share (4.14%). There are no significant changes in the relative expenditures on mental health care and in the structure of service provision. The Czech mental health care system remains largely hospital based with most of all mental health care expenditures being spent on inpatient care. Future developments in the expenditures will indicate the success of the current effort to deinstitutionalise mental health care.

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McMullen, Matthew S. « Higher Education Finance Reform in the Czech Republic ». education policy analysis archives 8 (11 janvier 2000) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v8n6.2000.

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Throughout Europe and especially the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, universities and governments are evaluating ways to finance higher education other than the current dominant model of almost total government support. With government pressure to use limited funds in other areas (e.g., health care, environment, and the like) higher education institutions are being encouraged to become more economically self-sufficient. Some of these reforms have included establishing closer ties with regional businesses and introducing tuition and user fees to offset some of the costs of university operations. The particular focus of this report is on the new methods of financing higher education in the Czech Republic.

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DOBIÁŠOVÁ, Karolína, Miriam KOTRUSOVÁ et Magdalena WOLFOVÁ. « "ENGAGING WITH THE BENEFICIARIES IN REFORMING HEALTH CARE. A CASE STUDY OF PATIENT INVOLVEMENT IN THE REFORM OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC" ». Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 63 E (30 juin 2021) : 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.63e.2.

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"The involvement of patients and their families in healthcare policymaking has been a general trend in recent years. This tendency can be observed also in the process of the current reform of psychiatric care in the Czech Republic, which should gradually shift the focus of psychiatric care from large facilities to community care. Organizations representing patients and their families are among the key stakeholders in this reform. The present study analyses semi-structured in-depth interviews and documents with the objective to map and evaluate the process of patient involvement in the reform from its launch to its implementation in 2012-2019. The study identifies the major barriers to patient involvement – on the part of the patients and their organizations, professionals (healthcare professionals, care providers, administration, policymakers), as well as the whole society. It becomes clear that the reform encourages patient involvement, with a palpable shift from consultation to involvement. Still, there are many obstacles to patient involvement in the Czech Republic: the mental state, social and economic situation of the patients, paternalism on the part of care providers, tokenism or stigmatization of mentally ill people."

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Krůtilová, Veronika. « Impact of User Fees in Health Care System on Health Care Consumption ». Review of Economic Perspectives 10, n^o 4 (1 janvier 2010) : 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10135-011-0001-3.

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Impact of User Fees in Health Care System on Health Care Consumption In comparison to other European countries, it is claimed that the Czech Republic belongs to the countries with higher health care consumption, even if health status does not positively correlate with health care use. Therefore, user fees as a form of patient cost sharing were introduced to regulate health care consumption and to confront the patient with resource scarcity in the health care system as a part of health care reform package in 2008. The goal of the paper is to determine the changes in health care consumption after user fees implementation and evaluate their regulatory effect in a short period of time. The analysis of the changes in health care consumption is made on the basis of data from the largest health insurance company - VZP ČR (60 % of the Czech population). The health care consumption is monitored according to particular types of health care services for particular age groups in years 2007, 2008 and 2009. This analysis identifies the major changes in the consumption after user fees implementation among the observed age groups of Czech population. Furthermore, it is possible to prove the regulatory effect of user fees in a short period of time (2 years).

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Numerato, Dino, Petra A. Honová et Tereza Sedláčková. « Politicisation, depoliticisation, and repoliticisation of health care controversies : Vaccination and mental health care reform in the Czech Republic ». Social Science & ; Medicine 277 (mai 2021) : 113916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113916.

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Dvorakova, Monika, et Lucie Kondratova. « S226. DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY DETECTION AND EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICES WITHIN PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ». Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (avril 2020) : S125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.292.

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Abstract Background Early Detection (ED) and Early Intervention (EI) are specialized services aiming at early diagnosis and early treatment of psychosis. There are evidence-based effects of ED and EI services that cannot be overlooked, such as early recognition of prodromal symptoms, preventing the adverse effects of untreated psychosis, lowering the risk of hospitalization, and therefore it has become part of the ongoing mental health care reform in the Czech Republic. Methods A total of 12 mental health professionals were trained in order to provide specialised ED and EI services within three regions in the Czech Republic – Prague 8, Pilsen and Blansko. All people aged 16 to 60 years who live in a predefined catchment area and are (a) at risk of developing psychosis, (b) in the first episode of psychosis or (c) are treated with psychosis for less than 3 years, are eligible for the service. Standardised assessment tools are being used for clients’ assessment (GAF, HoNOS, PANSS and CAARMS). Results Three multidisciplinary ED and EI teams were established in 2019 in the Czech Republic. Psychiatrist, psychologist, nurse and social worker are involved in each team. Presented data will describe psychosocial interventions and detection activities from 1/4/2019 to 1/4/2020. Discussion The psychiatric care system in the Czech Republic is predominantly built on large psychiatric institutions and there is a lack of community mental health services. Since the hospitalization is usually the first contact with mental health care services, there is a high potential of ED and EI services to prevent admission and readmission to the psychiatric hospital through early recognition of prodromal symptoms and reduction of the duration of untreated psychosis.

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Nemec, Juraj, Marek Pavlík, Ivan Malý et Zuzana Kotherová. « Health policy in the Czech Republic : General character and selected interesting aspects ». Central European Journal of Public Policy 9, n^o 1 (1 mai 2015) : 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cejpp-2016-0005.

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Abstract Transformation of the health care system was a task faced by all formerly socialist Central and Eastern European countries. The years of changes revealed a large number of problems, including those induced by the limited capacity of governments to formulate and implement health care reforms. The goal of this article is to reflect the Czech situation. We start by summarizing the historical development of the Czech health care system in the context of government capacity for implementing health policy. In the core parts of this article, we highlight the main features of Czech health policy making and implementation and present an in-depth analysis of two selected country-specific issues - a low level of patient co-payments and a pluralistic insurance-based financing of health services.

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Polák, Jan. « Legal regulations of induced abortion in Czechoslovakia/ the Czech Republic ». Medicina e Morale 69, n^o 4 (29 décembre 2020) : 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2020.856.

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The purpose of this study is to familiarise readers with the legal regulations of induced abortion and to sketch the mental background leading to their approval in the Czech Republic from 1918 until now. It presents the Austrian- Hungarian law which the Czechoslovak Republic took and which was valid until 1950. It explains the communistic legal regulation, valid between 1950 and 1957. It points out the personality of the Health minister who was responsible for the legalisation of abortion in 1957. It also states modifications to the implementing regulations until 1986 when a new abortion law with the corresponding ordinance was enacted. At the end, it mentions an attempt to adjust this law in 2003 and presents some positions in the debate concerning a planned health care reform in 2008.

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12

Kotrba, Tomáš. « The analysis of chosen economic and demographic factors which affect Czech health care ». Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, n^o 6 (2009) : 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957060113.

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Mission of the health care institutions is very different from the other organizations – healing illnesses and restore health of patients. The basic aim of this paper is to identify and describe selected factors of external environment based on the analysis and extrapolation of public economic and demographical data from the database of Czech statistical office, Institute for health information and statistic in the Czech Republic, OECD and database of European Commission which will have very significant influence for function of Czech health care system up to the 2050. People in the Czech Republic will be one of the oldest in the second part of the 21st century. This fact will be connected with higher expenses for health care with the consequences of numerous groups of older people. With the middle length of life is 74 years old by man and 80 years old by woman. There were 20 % of people over 60 years old in Czech population in 2005 and we can expect 37 % of these people in 2050. Future estimation assume grow of healthcare expenses from the present 6.0 % HDP in the 2007 to 7.6 % in the 2037 and 8.4 % in the 2060. The ratio of private expenses in the Czech healthcare system isn’t big; it oscillates around 10 % of total expenses. The ratio of public expenses is still running down in the long time and doesn’t reach the level of the other neighbouring states in the EU. Ageing of the population is connected with the total healthcare expenses per person growth as well; the expenses are very different according to the age of a person and are growing up with the age. The most significant growth can be seen from the age of fifty years. It was higher by 3.8 years of life for women and by 5.17 years for men if we compare years 1992 and 2007. The birth rate isn’t sufficient for reproduction of population; Czech population will decrease. There will be lower total number of economically active people according to the assumptions of European commission. Therefore it will be very necessary to reform the heath care system which is based on the obligatory health insurance. The solution can be a higher participation of private sector and subsequent political direct and indirect measures, as well.

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Hudson, Christopher G., et Eva Dragomirecka. « Decision Making in Psychiatric Reform : A Case Study of the Czech Experience ». Central European Journal of Public Policy 13, n^o 2 (12 novembre 2019) : 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2019-0007.

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Abstract This study examines the initial impact of a broadly participatory planning process in the Czech Republic during 2016–2017, aimed at both reducing inpatient care and expanding community mental health systems, on policy and programmatic decision making. A central focus of the study involves the trade-offs between and efforts to integrate shared decision making with evidence-based planning methods within the context of a national psychiatric reform strategy, particularly one involving a former Soviet bloc state. Given the uniqueness of the Czech experience, an exploratory case study methodology is used, one involving ten interviews with key informants and examination of a wide variety of documents. Results include the development of broad new decision and oversight structures, and the initial implementation of community mental health services. The nation faces some of the same trade-offs found elsewhere, such as in the United States, between an inclusive participatory process, and one that systematically incorporates empirical rational and evidence and best practices within bounded parameters. Implications for new psychiatric deinstitutionalization initiatives are identified, including development of a national mental health authority, a professional workforce, new funding strategies, multi-level service coordination, mechanisms to assure transparency, among others.

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Yusiuk, M. Yu, A. M. Yusiuk et L. A. Yusiuk. « HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM IN UKRAINE AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF FINANCING MODELS ». Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, n^o 1 (2020) : 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):100-107.

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Inroduction. Due to the fact that the reform of the healthcare system in Ukraine is in transition phase at the moment and, in addition, from April 1, 2020 changes are introduced at the second level of healthcare, it is advisable to describe the current state of medical reform in Ukraine, plans and prospects for further implementation and development, as well as the establishment of the features of various health financing systems and comparing the level of expenditures on the medical industry between countries, experience of which should be taken into account. Materials and Methods. The article uses the reports of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the analytical materials of medical experts. In addition, when analyzing various models of financing the health system and their features, quantitative indicators of expenditures of the countries surveyed are used. A comparison is made of the level of expenditures on the health care system between Ukraine and some European countries: Great Britain, the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. Discussion. The main achievements of the first stage of the health care reform and plans for further changes are described. The strengths and weaknesses of each model of financing the health system are identified. It is proved that the level of government spending on the health care system in Ukraine is the smallest among the other countries examined, but one of the largest in terms of payments out of pocket. In addition, a model has been established for financing the health care system in Ukraine, which most fully meets it in modern conditions.

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Holub, David, Barbora Wenigová, Daniel Umbricht et Andor E. Simon. « Primary care and the early phases of schizophrenia in the Czech Republic ». Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 19, n^o 3 (septembre 2010) : 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00001172.

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SUMMARYAim– To explore knowledge, treatment setting, attitudes and needs associated with patients in early phases of psychosis among general practitioners (GPs) in Prague, andto compare results with GPs from 6 countries participating in theInternational GP Study(IGPS)on Early Psychosis(Canada, Australia, New Zealand, England, Norway,Austria).Methods– Survey questionnaires were mailed to 648 GPs in the city of Prague.Results– The response rate was 19.9%. Prague GPs showed significantly lower diagnostic knowledge of early phases of psychosis compared to their international colleagues. They frequently indicated depression/anxiety and somatic complaints as early warnings of psychosis. They more often considered their behaviour to be problematic and more commonly handed them over to specialists. The majority of Prague GPs wished specialized outpatient services for low-threshold referrals of such patients.Conclusions– Along the mental health reforms in the Czech Republic which emphasis the role of primary care, GPs' knowledge of the early warning signs of psychosis needs to be improved.Declaration of Interest:The study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Sanofi-Synthélabo SA, Switzerland, to the principal investigators of the IGPS (AES, DU). The authors have stated that there are none; all authors are independent from the funding body and the views expressed in this paper have not been influenced by the funding source.

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Kerr, Alan, et Edward Peck. « Psychiatry in Prague : some personal impressions ». Psychiatric Bulletin 15, n^o 1 (janvier 1991) : 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.1.4.

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The sudden collapse of the communist order in Czechoslovakia and the formal installation of the new government in June 1990 has led, inter alia, to a fundamental reappraisal of mental health care. On a visit to Prague in September 1990 the system under the 40-year-old communist regime was still largely intact but clearly about to undergo major changes. Among the reform proposals made by a working group of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs of the Czech republic are practices familiar to western psychiatrists: mental health care and specialist liaison in primary care settings; formal specialisation within psychiatry into general adult psychiatry, psychogeriatrics, child and adolescent psychiatry, psychotherapy; psychiatric units in general hospitals; community care with restructuring of funding away from the mental hospital budget and devolution to districts. More “humanisation” of psychiatry is envisaged, with choice of consultant, increased competition between doctors and legal definitions of involuntary treatment (Potucek et al, 1990). Voluntary organisations, existing until recently only underground, will be encouraged as also will be counselling services. Dementia, and drugs and alcohol misuse, are seen more as social service than medical issues. Of particular interest is a proposal to separate mental health funding from the rest of the health care budget.

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Massaro, Thomas A. « Health System Reform in the Czech Republic ». JAMA 271, n^o 23 (15 juin 1994) : 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03510470074038.

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Oborna, Ivana, Radim Licenik et Zdenek Mrozek. « Health care in the Czech Republic ». Lancet 375, n^o 9731 (juin 2010) : 2071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60951-8.

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Albert, Alexa. « Health Care in the Czech Republic ». JAMA 267, n^o 18 (13 mai 1992) : 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480180047016.

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Kocur, Ivo, et Pavel Kuchynka. « Eye Health Care in the Czech Republic ». Ophthalmologica 216, n^o 2 (2002) : 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000048312.

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Vepřek, Jaromír. « Health Care System in the Czech Republic ». Der Donauraum 45, n^o 2 (décembre 2005) : 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/dnrm.2005.45.2.19.

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Janda, J. « Paediatric care in the Czech Republic. » Archives of Disease in Childhood 72, n^o 3 (1 mars 1995) : 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.72.3.271.

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Výborná, Olga. « The Reform of the Czech Health-Care System ». Eastern European Economics 33, n^o 3 (mai 1995) : 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1995.11648564.

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Dlouhý, Martin. « Economics of Mental Health Care in the Czech Republic ». Politická ekonomie 57, n^o 6 (1 décembre 2009) : 792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.710.

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Šprindrich, Jan. « Radiology and health-care policy in the Czech Republic ». Academic Radiology 5 (septembre 1998) : S400—S402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(98)80366-8.

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Süssová, J., O. Švestková et I. Šáchová. « Rehabilitation care in paediatrics in the Czech Republic ». Pediatric Rehabilitation 9, n^o 2 (avril 2006) : 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13638490500074584.

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Albert, A. « Health care in the Czech Republic. A system in transition ». JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, n^o 18 (13 mai 1992) : 2461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.18.2461.

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Vychytil, Pavel, et David Marx. « The Reform of Specialist Training for General Practice in the Czech Republic ». Central European Journal of Public Health 17, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2009) : 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a3525.

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Raboch, Jirí. « Psychiatry in the Czech Republic ». International Psychiatry 3, n^o 2 (avril 2006) : 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600001612.

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The profound political, social and economic changes that occurred after the end of communist rule in Central Europe in 1989 had a profound influence on Czech psychiatry. In the socialist Czechoslovakia the healthcare system was fully owned, financed and organised by the state, in so-called regional institutes of healthcare. These had obligatory catchment areas of about 100 000 inhabitants and comprised in-patient as well as out-patient care facilities, including psychiatry. The main trends after 1989 were decentralisation of the healthcare system, rapid privatisation, especially of out-patient services, and financing through the newly established health insurance corporations.

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Hájek, Oldřich, Pavel Grebeníček, Boris Popesko et Šárka Hrabinová. « Czech Republic vs. EU-27 : Economic Level, Health Care and Population Health ». Central European Journal of Public Health 20, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2012) : 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a3708.

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Polák, Jan, Marie Opatrná et Marie Svatošová. « The Beginnings of Hospice Care in the Czech Republic ». Family Forum 12 (12 janvier 2023) : 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ff/4521.

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The aim of this paper is to review the situation in communist and post-revolutionary Czechoslovakia in the area of palliative care. It will familiarize readers with the enormous efforts of two big personalities in the history of Czech health care: Marie Opatrná and Marie Svatošová, who tried to change the old and inconvenient Soviet health care system and make the care of terminal and dying people more human. At the end, it will present some challenges which the current Czech hospice care is confronted with.

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Kůdela, V. « Plant pathology in the Czech Republic ». Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (1 janvier 2002) : S1—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10309-pps.

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An outline of past achievements in plant pathology in the CR and main recent problems of Czech plant pathologists are given. A description of the present state in plant pathology in the CR is preceded by data on the structure of CR, on its agriculture, research and development. The outstanding feature of the Czech agriculture is large-scale production. However, the CR still lags behind the EU in yields per hectare. Compared with the EU member states, the CR devotes less money (less then 0.7% of GDP) to research and development (R&D). The trend of state subsidies to R&D in the agriculture sector in current prices is stagnant. It represents an actual decline in the fixed prices. In the Czech Republic, approximately six hundreds persons are professionally engaged in plant health. It represents 6 professionals per 100 hundreds citizens in the CR. Around 160 persons deal with the research and/or teaching of plant pathology. Public service in the field of plant health (advisory work, extension or outreach activities) is one of the weak links in the system of plant health care in the CR. The reason is the lack of commitment for this field of plant health care activity together with absence of sufficient financial support. Minimum requirements for education should be set on advisors and provider of services in the field of plant health at the EU level. In the CR, there exists still some gap in scientific expertise of nematology and integrated pest management. The Czech Lands are proud of the role of some Bohemian and Moravian scientists who have been prominent in the development of plant pathology and related disciplines. These include: AUGUSTUS CARL JOSEPH CORDA and FRANTIŠEK BUBÁK in mycology, GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL in genetics, FRANTIŠEK KRÁL in bacteriology, BOHUMIL NĚMEC and EDUARD BAUDYŠ in plant pathology.

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Bílek, Stanislav. « Liability for Damage to Health Due to Limited Access to Health Care during Emergency of the Covid-19 Pandemic ». SHS Web of Conferences 135 (2022) : 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213501001.

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Most successful companies have established effective marketing communication as a useful tool for selling their products to customers. The research explored the ways of communication of a selected internet subject, its methods of addressing customers and how effective the communication of the specific enterprise is not only during covid19 pandemic. We carried out a SWOT analysis, conducted a questionnaire survey and made detailed This paper discusses the responsibility / liability of the state and health service providers in relation to limited access by individuals to preventive as well as other outpatient or inpatient care as a result of the measures of the Government of the Czech Republic and the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic during a declared state of emergency due to the coronavirus pandemic /referred to as SARS CoV-2/. The paper provides a legal analysis of the current legislation in health care services and the circumstances under which health care may be refused by its provider and discusses the possibilities of claiming compensation for damages incurred by affected persons as a result of limited access to health care. The survey is mainly focused on civil liability for non-pecuniary damage to health and human life and liability under the Crisis Management Act of the Czech Republic.

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Nash, Chris, Zdeněk Tomeš et Monika Jandová. « Experiences with Railway Regulation in Great Britain and the Czech Republic – Round Table Report ». Review of Economic Perspectives 15, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2015) : 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2015-0025.

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Abstract The aim of the Round Table was to compare British and Czech experiences with railway regulation and competition introduction and to determine which lessons can be learnt. Special attention was paid to the question of whether the very complex British reform can be an inspiration for further liberalisation of the railway sector in the Czech Republic or whether there are any reform mistakes that are best avoided. Based on two introductory presentations and subsequent plenary discussion, some consensus emerged. The participants agreed that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to railway regulation and that the introduction of competition should take into account the different circumstances of a particular country. Franchising in passenger operations in Britain successfully stimulated demand but also increased costs to the industry, so its implementation should be completed with care. It seems very unlikely that open-access competition would be a viable solution for the whole passenger rail market because it is limited to a few commercially attractive routes, and as Czech experience suggests, it creates many new problems. Finally, it was confirmed that a strong and dedicated regulator is needed in a newly liberalised environment in order to solve many emerging conflicts and disputes.

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Kotherová, Zuzana, Martina Caithamlová, Juraj Nemec et Kateřina Dolejšová. « The Use of Diagnosis-Related Group-Based Reimbursement in the Czech Hospital Care System ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 10 (20 mai 2021) : 5463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105463.

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(1) Background: Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG), one possibility of a hospital payment system, are currently used in most European countries. Introduced to the Czech system in the 1990s, the DRGs are currently used mainly for care reporting and partly for reimbursement. According to most experts, the use of DRG remain controversial. The goal of this paper was to study the effects of the current Czech DRG system on hospitals financing and, on this basis, to propose possible changes to the reimbursement mechanism in the Czech Republic. (2) Methods: Qualitative research methods were used for evaluating DRG mechanisms of application in three selected healthcare establishments in the CR in the period of 2012–2018. (3) Results: Our study shows that the current implementation of the DRG system is set up in a way that is very similar to traditional flat rates and is unlikely to yield major positive effects of the DRG mechanism, such as predictability of payments for hospitalisation cases, care quality and efficiency and transparent financing. (4) Conclusions: Based on our results, deep systemic change of the reimbursement mechanism in the Czech Republic is necessary. We propose five partial measures leading to the cultivation of the Czech DRG.

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Štefko, Martin. « Czech understanding of social risks and their limitations ». Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 123 (3 novembre 2020) : 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.123.4.

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This paper analyses the conception of social risks in Czech social security law in the last three decades. The Czech Republic spends a large proportion of its revenue on welfare of its citizens, who rely on the state´s paternalistic care in return. Over time, benefits are increased and requirements are further softened. However, as we will see in chosen examples from healthcare, workers’ compensation, and additional savings schemes, Czech experts are reluctant to answer new challenges with reformed instruments. Rules are hardly adapted to current issues, because the government tends to rely on old solutions. The government is unable to find a constructive platform to negotiate crucial social reform laws with the opposition.

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Brusis, Martin. « Residuales oder europäisches Wohlfahrtsmodell ? » PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 29, n^o 114 (1 mars 1999) : 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v29i114.823.

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The study discusses welfare reforms in the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) in relation with the adaptation processes of Western European welfare states on the one hand, the accession preparations of the CEEC on the other. Policy approaches and outcomes are scrutinized for labour market policy, health care, pension systems and family policy in the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary and Poland. The study argues that the institutional reforms currently undertaken in Central and Eastern Europe will decide on the future - European or residual - nature of the welfare states in the region. Due to the pre-accession constellation the EU is in a position to influence the path of development and there are good reasons for the EU to promote a European welfare model in the CEEC. However, the European Commission has neither formulated such a model nor contributed to its implementation during the accession preparations.

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Raboch, J., et B. Wenigova. « Mental health care in Prague ». European Psychiatry 20, S2 (octobre 2005) : s289—s293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(05)80176-2.

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AbstractAimTo describe principles and characteristics of mental health care in Prague.MethodBased on existing data, service provision, number of professionals working in services, funding arrangements, pathways intocare, user/carer involvement and specific issues are reported.ResultsMental health care in Prague has a special position in the Czech Republic. Prague has the longest tradition of psychiatrictreatment including the German Psychiatric Department of the Charles University. The density of services is higher, there are more extrainstitutional facilities and acute beds are located in general hospitals.DiscussionWhilst various issues of mental health care in Prague overlap with those in other European capitals, there also are some specific problems and features. After substantial political changes in early 90s, the prevailing institutional model of psychiatric care has started to be changed according to the Concept of Psychiatric Care prepared by the Czech Psychiatric Association and approved by the Ministry of Health. However, stigma connected with mental disturbances is still present and there are not enough financial resources and will to put these plans rapidly into the practice.

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Křížová, Eva, Hana Janečková et Jaromír Běláček. « Family Carers' Perspectives on Integrated Community Care in the Czech Republic ». Central European Journal of Public Health 24, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2016) : 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4463.

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Kovacsova, A., D. Jelenova, J. Prasko et K. Latalova. « Fighting stigma of psychiatric disorders in czech republic ». European Psychiatry 26, S2 (mars 2011) : 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73450-2.

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In the Czech Republic people with mental illness are still stigmatized and exposed to various forms of discrimination not only from the community but also from the professional society. The most stigmatized patients are those suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and highly affected are also patients with personality disorders, eating disorders, anxiety and OCD. There can also be a stigma in the psychiatric therapy; psychiatric medication can be labeled as toxins that alter the psyche, psychotherapy as a brainwashing. Stigma of mental disorder is connected with a lack of knowledge about psychiatric disorder, fear, prejudice and discrimination of the patients. Czech mass media significantly contribute to the stigmatization of patients with mental disorder.There are already programs with destigmatization message in the Czech Republic. These programs are in charge of organizations focused on patients with mental disorders, as well as individual professionals or even nonspecialists. The Czech psychiatric association declared the National Psychiatric Program. This program aims to improve the quality of psychiatric care with emphasis on the humane condition of the care and destigmatization. There are also several articles and TV relations describing the psychiatric patients non-stigmatization way published in local newspapers and magazines every year wrote by leading experts in psychiatry. Directly to the patients and their families there were published about 40 books and about 30 booklets with most often psychiatric diagnoses. Many patients found the information and stories helpful and were more comfortable seeking the treatment.Supported by project IGA MZ ĈR NS 10301-3/2009

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Jarošová, Darja, et Renáta Zeleníková. « Unfinished nursing care - the first pilot study in the Czech Republic ». Kontakt 21, n^o 4 (13 décembre 2019) : 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2019.048.

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Vavrejnová, Marie, et Herta M. Rack. « Financing the health care in the czech republic : some comparisons with austria ». Prague Economic Papers 17, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2008) : 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.319.

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Macakova, Libuse. « Selected Problems of Integration of Foreigners in the Czech Republic ». Equilibrium 8, n^o 1 (31 mars 2013) : 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2013.007.

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The aim of this paper is to characterize the problems of immigration and subsequent integration of foreigners in the Czech Republic. The starting point is a brief historical perspective on the development of migration policies of the Czech Republic and the development of immigration in recent years. The aspects discussed in particular are education and health care, as the main factors affecting the integration of immigrants. The analysis suggests a pivotal role of the state in the activities focused on the integration of foreigners, an important role is played by non-profit organizations. In the end of the paper attention is focused on the Czech public attitude to immigration. Active immigration policy in the Czech Republic began in 2003. Currently, integration is understood as an essential part of the immigration policy of the Government of the Czech Republic. Integration of foreigners into the Czech society is directly linked to the process of immigration and is crucial for the smooth immigrant participation in the local labor market and life in the country. The main problem is the lack of knowledge of the Czech language by adult immigrants and especially their children, lack of knowledge of the Czech language, which significantly complicates the possibility of integration into the Czech society. Access to health care is another critical area of integration. Not all areas of integration are managed entirely ideally. This paper tries to highlight specific partial deficiencies. Further development is possible only after an analysis of the basic factors of integration.

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Komenda, Martin, Vladimír Černý, Petr Šnajdárek, Matěj Karolyi, Miloš Hejný, Petr Panoška, Jiří Jarkovský et al. « Control Centre for Intensive Care as a Tool for Effective Coordination, Real-Time Monitoring, and Strategic Planning During the COVID-19 Pandemic ». Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, n^o 2 (16 février 2022) : e33149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33149.

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In the Czech Republic, the strategic data-based and organizational support for individual regions and for providers of acute care at the nationwide level is coordinated by the Ministry of Health. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the country needed to very quickly implement a system for the monitoring, reporting, and overall management of hospital capacities. The aim of this viewpoint is to describe the purpose and basic functions of a web-based application named “Control Centre for Intensive Care,” which was developed and made available to meet the needs of systematic online technical support for the management of intensive inpatient care across the Czech Republic during the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020. Two tools of key importance are described in the context of national methodology: one module for regular online updates and overall monitoring of currently free capacities of intensive care in real time, and a second module for online entering and overall record-keeping of requirements on medications for COVID-19 patients. A total of 134 intensive care providers and 927 users from hospitals across all 14 regions of the Czech Republic were registered in the central Control Centre for Intensive Care database as of March 31, 2021. This web-based application enabled continuous monitoring and decision-making during the mass surge of critical care from autumn 2020 to spring 2021. The Control Center for Intensive Care has become an indispensable part of a set of online tools that are employed on a regular basis for crisis management at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Abdiraev, P. A. « INNOVATIVE PRINCIPLES TO MODERNIZE HEALTH CARE REFORM OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC ». Journal of scientific articles "Health and Education millennium" 19, n^o 3 (31 mars 2017) : 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2226-7425-2017-19-3-56-60.

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Fila, L., P. Jakubec, J. Polak, R. Bittenglova, I. Binkova et J. Musil. « 349* Twenty years of care for CF adults in Czech Republic ». Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 6 (juin 2007) : S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(07)60320-8.

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Herrmannová, Kristýna, et Hana Roháčová. « Infuenza vaccination in health care workers in the Czech Republic - struggle with indifference ». Hygiena 63, n^o 2 (30 juin 2018) : 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/hygiena.b0004.

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Kaňková, Jaroslava. « Health care as one of subjects of critical infrastructure in the Czech Republic ». Kontakt 10, n^o 1 (27 juillet 2008) : 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2008.004.

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Kočiš Krůtilová, Veronika, et Dominika Doubková. « The out-of-pocket health burden in the Czech Republic - Should we care ? » Kontakt 20, n^o 1 (26 mars 2018) : e99-e107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kontakt.2017.10.007.

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Skoupa, J., S. Snopkova, P. Dvorak et J. Pospisil. « Health Care Costs of HIV in the Czech Republic. A Single Center Analysis ». Value in Health 16, n^o 7 (novembre 2013) : A349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.08.159.

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