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Göttingerová, Martina, Michal Kumšta et Tomáš Nečas. « Health-benefitting Biologically Active Substances in Edible Apricot Flowers ». HortScience 55, no 8 (août 2020) : 1372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15038-20.
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The nutritive quality of food and the aesthetic aspect contribute to the appearance of consumed food. In this study, apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) flowers were used to determine vitamin C, total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and amygdalin. Vitamin C content fluctuated between 24.97 and 47.35 mg·100 g–1 fresh weight (FW). The results show that all apricot flowers are a good source of phenolic compounds [404.08–768.45 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g FW] and flavonoids [198.76–538.11 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g FW], and have good antioxidant capacity [414.66–1026.18 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g FW]. A high value of anthocyanins was measured in ‘Vestar’ (28.41 mg·100 g–1 FW) and also in ‘Blenheim’ (13.40 mg·100 g–1 FW). On the contrary, a low value was found in ‘Scout’ (1.60 mg·100 g–1 FW). The highest value of carotenoids was measured in ‘Blenheim’ (6.41 mg·100 g–1 FW), and the lowest in ‘Chuang Zhi Hong’ (1.36 mg·100 g–1 FW). Amygdalin content fluctuated between 110.81 and 419.78 mg·100 g–1 FW. Newly acquired information about the composition and nutritional value of edible flowers give reasons for their consumption.
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Nikolić, Valentina, Slađana Žilić, Marijana Simić et Vesna Perić. « Black soya bean and black chia seeds as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with health benefits ». Food and Feed Research 47, no 2 (2020) : 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ffr47-29424.
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Recent trends in healthy lifestyle and diet made functional foods rich in quality nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential health benefits highly sought after. Some cultivated plants, such as soya and chia can provide a viable source of nutraceuticals with high fibre, protein, and protective antioxidant potential. The whole-grain flours of black soya beans and black chia seeds were used in this study. Potential nutritive and health-benefitting properties of these flours were compared by assessing their chemical composition and antioxidant profile. The content of dietary fibres such as NDF, ADF, ADL and hemicellulose determined in black chia seed sample was higher than in black soya soya beans which had higher fibre content. The total protein content recorded in black soya beans was almost as twice as high (42.26±0.14%) as chia protein content (25.04±0.20%). Black soya beans had the highest content of water soluble proteins (29.00±0.13% d.m.) with NSI (nitrogen solubility index) acounting for as much as 70.96±0.31% of total proteins, while black chia seeds had the highest content of globulins (14.64±0.07% d.m.) and NSI 58.48±0.27% of total proteins. Both black soya bean and black chia contained a high amount of total phenolic compounds (830.66±5.46 and 1201.94±16.29 mg GAE/kg, respectively) and exhibited a considerable total antioxidant capacity, which makes them good contestants for functional food ingredients with potential health benefits.
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Bhat, Farhan Mohiuddin. « Functional and Nutraceutical Based Applications of Phytochemicals from Major Cereal Grains ». Food Science & ; Nutrition Technology 8, no 3 (3 juillet 2023) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000307.
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Cereals are the staple food item of Indian dietary and are good sources of calories, protein, micronutrients, dietary fiber and resistant starch, coupled with low glycemic index. Due to all these properties they play a vital role in managing all the metabolic diseases. Whole grain cereals are associated with several health benefits than their processed or refined fractions. Cereals are rich sources of bioactive compounds, polyunsaturated fats like omega-3, linolenic acid, soluble and insoluble fibre, and resistant starches. The presence of phytochemicals in cereals such as phenolic acids, flavones, anthocyanins, lignans, and phytosterols makes them ideal for the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals due to their antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. Millets are three to five times nutritionally superior in comparison to widely promoted rice and wheat in terms of macro as well micro nutrients and are considered to be the least allergenic crops and are rich sources of proteins, calcium, phosphorus, iron. A cereal based formulation forms an important part of folk medicine since prehistoric times in China and India due to their nutritive and pharmalogical value and are used in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines for treatment of various ailments. Barley acts as a functional food due to its content of so many healthpromoting components that have shown positive health effect such as β- glucan. The beta-glucans have been approved in many countries as health benefitting soluble fiber due to its role in lowering postprandial blood glucose and the risk of cardiovascular diseases by reducing LDL cholesterol content. The bioactive compounds with widely variations in their chemical structures, properties and functions are often produced in small quantities either as primary metabolites or secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and alkaloid. These compounds are used for the formulation and fortification of functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Bal, Solanki, Amit Baran Sharangi, Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, Fahad Khan, Pratibha Pandey, Samra Siddiqui, Mohd Saeed, Hae-Jeung Lee et Dharmendra K. Yadav. « Biomedical and Antioxidant Potentialities in Chilli : Perspectives and Way Forward ». Molecules 27, no 19 (27 septembre 2022) : 6380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196380.
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Worldwide, since ages and nowadays, traditional medicine is well known, owing to its biodiversity, which immensely contributed to the advancement and development of complementary and alternative medicines. There is a wide range of spices, herbs, and trees known for their medicinal uses. Chilli peppers, a vegetable cum spice crop, are bestowed with natural bioactive compounds, flavonoids, capsaicinoids, phytochemicals, phytonutrients, and pharmacologically active compounds with potential health benefits. Such compounds manifest their functionality over solo-treatment by operating in synergy and consortium. Co-action of these compounds and nutrients make them potentially effective against coagulation, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, dreadful diseases, such as cancer, and microbial diseases, alongside having good anti-oxidants with scavenging ability to free radicals and oxygen. In recent times, capsaicinoids especially capsaicin can ameliorate important viral diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2. In addition, capsaicin provides an ability to chilli peppers to ramify as topical agents in pain-relief and also benefitting man as a potential effective anesthetic agent. Such phytochemicals involved not only make them useful and a much economical substitute to wonder/artificial drugs but can be exploited as obscene drugs for the production of novel stuffs. The responsibility of the TRPV1 receptor in association with capsaicin in mitigating chronic diseases has also been justified in this study. Nonetheless, medicinal studies pertaining to consumption of chilli peppers are limited and demand confirmation of the findings from animal studies. In this artifact, an effort has been made to address in an accessible format the nutritional and biomedical perspectives of chilli pepper, which could precisely upgrade and enrich our pharmaceutical industries towards human well-being.
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Myrtsi, Eleni D., Sofia D. Koulocheri, Vassilios Iliopoulos et Serkos A. Haroutounian. « High-Throughput Quantification of 32 Bioactive Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds in Grapes, Wines and Vinification Byproducts by LC–MS/MS ». Antioxidants 10, no 8 (23 juillet 2021) : 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081174.
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The well-established, health-benefitting effects of grapevines and derivatives (wines and vinification byproducts) are attributed to their antioxidant phenolic content. The dearth of an efficient method for the simultaneous quantitation of antioxidant phenolics prompted us to develop a novel method utilizing triple quadrupole LC–MS/MS for the accurate, fast, simultaneous quantitation of the 32 most abundant grapevine phenolics. The fully validated, novel method is capable to simultaneously record the quantitative presence of 12 phenolic acids, 19 polyphenols and coniferyl aldehyde (a phenolic compound extracted from cork stoppers into wines) and is applicable for the determination of antioxidant phenolics content of grape berries, pomace, stems and wines. Its utility was demonstrated for three native Greek grapevine varieties, two red (Mandilaria and Aidani mavro) and one white (Monemvassia). Results herein highlighted the stems of the Monemvassia white variety as particularly rich in antioxidant phenolics such as the flavonol monomer (+)-catechin (387 mg/kg) and the dimer procyanidin B1 (400 mg/kg) along with stilbene phytoalexin trans-resveratrol (24 mg/kg). These results are in line with the TPC, TFC and TTC content of stems and the determined antioxidant capacities, highlighting the stems of this Vitis vinifera variety as potentially exploitable source of antioxidant phenolics.
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Hoyos, Beatriz E., Joel B. Johnson, Janice S. Mani, Ryan J. Batley, Tieneke Trotter, Surya P. Bhattarai et Mani Naiker. « The Effect of Water Stress on Bioactive Compounds in Australian-Grown Black Sesame ». Plants 13, no 6 (11 mars 2024) : 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13060793.
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Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought stress on these bioactive compounds, using eleven cultivars of black sesame seeds grown in Australia. Specific varieties responded positively to water deficit (WD) conditions, showing increased levels of TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and lignans. Varieties 1, 4, 7, and 12 showed significantly increased FRAP values ranging from 158.02 ± 10.43 to 195.22 ± 9.63 mg TE/100 g DW in the WD treatment compared to the well-watered (WW) treatment, whereas varieties 7, 10, 12, 13, and 18 demonstrated the highest CUPRAC values of all varieties (2584.86 ± 99.68–2969.56 ± 159.72 mg TE/100 g) across both WW and WD conditions, with no significant variations between irrigation regimes. Moreover, lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin) were higher in varieties 1, 2, 5, and 8 grown in WD conditions. Compared to the optimal unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (Σ UFA/Σ SFA ratio) of 0.45, all sesame genotypes showed superior ratios (ranging between 1.86 and 2.34). Moreover, the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio varied from 33.7–65.5, with lower ratios in varieties 2, 4, 5, 8, and 18 under WD conditions. The high levels of phenolic compounds and healthy fats suggest the potential of black sesame to be incorporated into diets as a functional food. Furthermore, the enhanced phytochemistry of these cultivars in WD conditions is promising for widespread adoption. However, larger trial studies to confirm these findings across different geographic locations and seasons are warranted.
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Krishna, Priti, Gareema Pandey, Richard Thomas et Sophie Parks. « Improving Blueberry Fruit Nutritional Quality through Physiological and Genetic Interventions : A Review of Current Research and Future Directions ». Antioxidants 12, no 4 (26 mars 2023) : 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040810.
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Blueberry, hailed as an antioxidant superfood, is the fruit of small shrubs in the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae). The fruits are a rich source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities derived from the polyphenolic compounds, particularly from the abundantly present anthocyanin pigment, have been highlighted as the major contributing factor to the health-benefitting properties of blueberry. In recent years, blueberry cultivation under polytunnels has expanded, with plastic covers designed to offer protection of crop and fruit yield from suboptimal environmental conditions and birds. An important consideration is that the covers reduce photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and filter out ultraviolet (UV) radiation that is critical for the fruit’s bioactive composition. Blueberry fruits grown under covers have been reported to have reduced antioxidant capacity as compared to fruits from open fields. In addition to light, abiotic stresses such as salinity, water deficit, and low temperature trigger accumulation of antioxidants. We highlight in this review how interventions such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photo-selective films, and exposure of plants to mild stresses, alongside developing new varieties with desired traits, could be used to optimise the nutritional quality, particularly the content of polyphenols, of blueberry grown under covers.
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Idris, Nuruljannah Suhaida, Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker, Zalilawati Mat Rashid, Ali Majrashi, Mekhled Mutiran Alenazi, Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan, Khairil Mahmud et Nashriyah Mat. « Discrimination of Syzygium samarangense cv. ‘Giant Green’ Leaves at Different Maturity Stages by FTIR and GCMS Fingerprinting ». Horticulturae 9, no 5 (22 mai 2023) : 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9050609.
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‘Giant Green’ is one of the Syzygium samarangense cultivars planted throughout Malaysia because it has great potential for benefitting human health. However, its variation in chemical compounds, especially in the leaves at different maturity stages, cannot be systematically discriminated. Hence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) coupled with chemometric tools were applied to discriminate between the different stages of leaves, namely, young, mature, and old leaves. The chemical variability among the samples was evaluated by using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) techniques. For discrimination, partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was applied, and then partial least squares (PLS) was used to determine the correlation between biological activities (antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay) and maturity stages of ‘Giant Green’ leaves. As a result, the PCA, HCA, and PLS-DA of the FTIR and GC-MS data showed the separation between clusters for the different maturity stages of the leaves. Additionally, the PLS result demonstrated that the young leaves showed a strong correlation between metabolite quantities and biological activities. The findings of this study revealed that FTIR and GC-MS coupled with chemometric analyses can be used as a rapid method for the discrimination of bioactive structural functions in relation to their biological activity.
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Yadav, Chandra Bhan, Rakesh K. Srivastava, Prakash I. Gangashetty, Rama Yadav, Luis A. J. Mur et Rattan S. Yadav. « Metabolite Diversity and Metabolic Genome-Wide Marker Association Studies (Mgwas) for Health Benefiting Nutritional Traits in Pearl Millet Grains ». Cells 10, no 11 (8 novembre 2021) : 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113076.
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As efforts are made to increase food security, millets are gaining increasing importance due to their excellent nutritional credentials. Among the millets, pearl millet is the predominant species possessing several health benefiting nutritional traits in its grain that are helpful in mitigating chronic illnesses such as type−2 diabetes and obesity. In this paper, we conducted metabolomic fingerprinting of 197 pearl millet inbred lines drawn randomly from within the world collection of pearl millet germplasm and report the extent of genetic variation for health benefitting metabolites in these genotypes. Metabolites were extracted from seeds and assessed using flow infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS). Metabolite features (m/z), whose levels significantly differed among the germplasm inbred lines, were identified by ANOVA corrected for FDR and subjected to functional pathway analysis. A number of health-benefiting metabolites linked to dietary starch, antioxidants, vitamins, and lipid metabolism-related compounds were identified. Metabolic genome-wide association analysis (mGWAS) performed using the 396 m/z as phenotypic traits and the 76 K SNP as genotypic variants identified a total of 897 SNPs associated with health benefiting nutritional metabolite at the -log p-value ≤ 4.0. From these associations, 738 probable candidate genes were predicted to have an important role in starch, antioxidants, vitamins, and lipid metabolism. The mGWAS analysis focused on genes involved in starch branching (α-amylase, β-amylase), vitamin-K reductase, UDP-glucuronosyl, and UDP-glucosyl transferase (UGTs), L-ascorbate oxidase, and isoflavone 2′-monooxygenase genes, which are known to be linked to increases in human health benefiting metabolites. We demonstrate how metabolomic, genomic, and statistical approaches can be utilized to pinpoint genetic variations and their functions linked to key nutritional properties in pearl millet, which in turn can be bred into millets and other cereals crops using plant breeding methods.
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Hahn, Christoph, Nicholas P. Howard et Dirk C. Albach. « Different Shades of Kale—Approaches to Analyze Kale Variety Interrelations ». Genes 13, no 2 (26 janvier 2022) : 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13020232.
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Brassica oleracea is a vegetable crop with an amazing morphological diversity. Among the various crops derived from B. oleracea, kale has been in the spotlight globally due to its various health-benefitting compounds and many different varieties. Knowledge of the existing genetic diversity is essential for the improved breeding of kale. Here, we analyze the interrelationships, population structures, and genetic diversity of 72 kale and cabbage varieties by extending our previous diversity analysis and evaluating the use of summed potential lengths of shared haplotypes (SPLoSH) as a new method for such analyses. To this end, we made use of the high-density Brassica 60K SNP array, analyzed SNPs included in an available Brassica genetic map, and used these resources to generate and evaluate the information from SPLoSH data. With our results we could consistently differentiate four groups of kale across all analyses: the curly kale varieties, Italian, American, and Russian varieties, as well as wild and cultivated types. The best results were achieved by using SPLoSH information, thus validating the use of this information in improving analyses of interrelations in kale. In conclusion, our definition of kale includes the curly varieties as the kales in a strict sense, regardless of their origin. These results contribute to a better understanding of the huge diversity of kale and its interrelations.
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Ghimire, Bimal Kumar, Myeong Ha Hwang, Erik J. Sacks, Chang Yeon Yu, Seung Hyun Kim et Ill Min Chung. « Screening of Allelochemicals in Miscanthus sacchariflorus Extracts and Assessment of Their Effects on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Weeds ». Plants 9, no 10 (5 octobre 2020) : 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101313.
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There is increasing interest in the application of bioherbicides because they are less destructive to the global ecosystem than synthetic herbicides. Research has focused on reducing the dependence upon synthetic herbicides by substituting them with environmentally and economically sustainable bioproducts. Allelopathic phytochemicals may be an efficient method for controlling weeds, benefitting both the environment and human health. This study addressed the allelopathic potential of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (MS) extracts on the germination, plant growth, biomass, and biochemical parameters (electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activities) of weeds using laboratory and field experiments. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed the presence of 22 phenolic compounds, including Orientin, Luteolin, Veratric acid, Chlorogenic acid, Protocatechuic acid, p-Coumaric acid, and Ferulic acid. Leaf extracts of M. sacchariflorus either completely suppressed or partially reduced seed germination and affected the development of weed seedlings (root and shoot length), in a dose-dependent manner. Aqueous extracts of M. sacchariflorus reduced the fresh weight and dry weight, affected the photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls, carotenoids), influenced the electrolyte ion leakage, and stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in a species-specific manner. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the phenolic compound composition of M. sacchariflorus correlated with the variables tested, indicating that the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts of M. sacchariflorus are a potential source of bio-herbicides.
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Zembala, Patryk, Julita Zembala, Roksana Zembala, Dominik Adamowicz, Ewa Gacoń et Inga Łopuszyńska. « Emerging Trends in Gel Nail Allergies : Prevalence, Symptoms, and Occupational Hazards Associated with Acrylate Sensitization ». Journal of Education, Health and Sport 45, no 1 (20 août 2023) : 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.45.01.004.
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Introduction and objective
Gel nail allergies have become a growing concern in recent years, as individuals experience adverse immune reactions to the chemicals present in gel nail products. The popularity of gel nails, known for their long-lasting and durable finish compared to traditional nail polishes, has increased in the beauty industry. However, specific constituents, particularly acrylate compounds used in gel nail formulations, can trigger allergic responses in susceptible individuals.
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge
Findings from the reviewed articles indicate that allergic reactions to acrylates in gel nail products can manifest in various ways, including contact dermatitis, dermatoses, and general allergic responses. Nail technicians, due to their frequent exposure to gel nail products and other potential allergens, are particularly vulnerable to occupational hazards associated with acrylate sensitization. These insights highlight the need for preventive measures to protect the health and well-being of nail technicians and promote a safer working environment.
Summary
This literature review addresses the emerging issue of gel nail allergies and provides valuable information regarding the prevalence and characteristics of allergic reactions to acrylates. The article underscores the significance of increasing awareness, implementing preventive measures, and effectively managing gel nail allergies. By doing so, the beauty industry can ensure a safer approach to gel nail applications, benefitting both nail technicians and consumers alike.
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Táborský, Jan, Josef Sus, Jaromír Lachman, Barbora Šebková, Anežka Adamcová et Dalibor Šatínský. « Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period ». Molecules 26, no 13 (22 juin 2021) : 3816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133816.
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Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of the main bioactive compounds—phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid and rutin—in apple tree bark, leaves, flower buds and twigs. The variety in the phenolic profiles of four apple tree cultivars was monitored during the vegetation period from March to September using chromatography analysis. Phloridzin, the major glycoside of interest, reached the highest values in the bark of all the tested cultivars in May (up to 91.7 ± 4.4 mg g−1 of the dried weight (DW), cv. ‘Opal’). In the leaves, the highest levels of phloridzin were found in cv. ‘Opal’ in May (82.5 ± 22.0 mg g−1 of DW); in twigs, the highest levels were found in cv. ‘Rozela’ in September (52.4 ± 12.1 mg g−1 of DW). In the flower buds, the content of phloridzin was similar to that in the twigs. Aglycone phloretin was found only in the leaves in relatively low concentrations (max. value 2.8 ± 1.4 mg g−1 of DW). The highest values of rutin were found in the leaves of all the tested cultivars (10.5 ± 2.9 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Opal’ in September); the concentrations in the bark and twigs were much lower. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was found in flower buds (3.3 ± 1.0 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Rozela’). Whole apple fruits harvested in September were rich in chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. The statistical evaluation by Scheffe’s test confirmed the significant difference of cv. ‘Rozela’ from the other tested cultivars. In conclusion, apple tree bark, twigs, and leaves were found to be important renewable resources of bioactive phenolics, especially phloridzin and rutin. The simple availability of waste plant material can therefore be used as a rich source of phenolic compounds for cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food supplement preparation.
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Anteh, Joyce D., Olga A. Timofeeva et Antonina A. Mostyakova. « ASSESSMENT OF MINERAL NUTRIENT IMPACT ON METABOLITES ACCUMULATION IN KALE (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. SABELLICA) ». Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 13, no 3 (30 juin 2021) : 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2021-13-3-208-224.
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Green leafy kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) has huge scientific attention because of its health-promoting functionality. In the present study the impact of NPK, energen, biostim and humate on flavonoid, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and soluble sugar in kale was investigated. The mineral nutrients mostly increased but in some cases maintained the studied metabolites. The stimulatory effect of applied mineral nutrients on the phytochemicals analyzed varied with the different combinations of macro and microelements. Lipid peroxidation was minimized in leaves treated with mineral nutrients hence a reduction in MDA levels. Contrary to the correlation between nitrogen deficiency and increase in polyphenol and vitamin C content in plants, NPK and biostim did not reduce phenolic compound levels. The results of this study showed that NPK maximized the synthesis of vitamin C and proline; energen - phenolic compounds, carotenoids and sugar; biostim – phenolic compounds, proteins and sugar; humate – flavonoids and sugar in curly kale. Therefore, the type of macronutrient and micronutrients combination increases phytochemicals in differently. To enhance the synthesis of phenolic compounds and vitamins, the most promising additives are those containing humic acids (humate and energen), and biostim proved to be more effective for the synthesis of proteins.
Background. The understanding of how diet affects the incidence or treatment of disease has led to a rise in consumer’s demand for functional foods as well as created the market for natural sources of health benefitting compounds rather than the synthetic sources. Curly kale has gained scientific attention as a functional food because it contains higher levels of phytochemicals than most vegetables. These phytochemicals have shown antioxidant, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and antiviral activities. However, the content levels of these metabolites are influenced by not only genetic but environmental factors. It was of interest to evaluate how various mineral nutrients can elicit the accumulation of these compounds that minimize the risk of chronic diseases or aid in their treatment.
Purpose. Evaluate how the mineral nutrients, NPK, energen, biostim and humate affect the content of metabolites (proteins, sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, MDA and proline) in curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica).
Materials and methods. Sprouts from kale seed kept wet in a Petri dish for 7 days were transferred to the field. At 6 weeks old four mineral nutrients (NPK, energen, humate and biostim) were added to the soil. Control variants were treated with water. A week later, the leaves were harvested after which, the phenolic compound, flavonoid, protein, sugar, vitamin C, carotenoid, MDA and proline contents were determined using spectrophotometric methods.
Results. It was shown that humate fertilizer elicited the highest accumulation of flavonoids. Kale plants fertilized with energen were observed to have the highest phenolic compound content. NPK, energen and humate caused a similarly positive effect on vitamin C content in leaves, unlike biostim whose effect did not significantly differ from control plants. Energen treated kale had the highest increment of carotenoids. A varied reduction of MDA levels in plants treated with all four mineral nutrients was observed in kale leaves. Plants fertilized with biostim accrued the highest protein content in leaves. Proline content increased under the influence of all fertilizers studied. Sugar levels for all kale plants treated with the studied mineral nutrients were enhanced equally
Conclusion. Macro and microelements supplied by mineral nutrients differentially boost the biosynthesis of health-promoting metabolites in curly kale, thereby enhancing its quality.
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Luer, Carl, et Catherine Walsh. « Potential Human Health Applications from Marine Biomedical Research with Elasmobranch Fishes ». Fishes 3, no 4 (6 décembre 2018) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes3040047.
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Members of the subclass of fishes collectively known as elasmobranchs (Class Chondrichthyes, Subclass Elasmobranchii) include sharks, skates, rays, guitarfish, and sawfish. Having diverged from the main line of vertebrate evolution some 400 million years ago, these fishes have continued to be successful in our ever-changing oceans. Much of their success must be attributed to their uncanny ability to remain healthy. Based on decades of basic research, some of their secrets may be very close to benefitting man. In this short review, some of the molecular and cellular biological areas that show promise for potential human applications are presented. With a brief background and current status of relevant research, these topics include development of new antibiotics and novel treatments for cancer, macular degeneration, viral pathogens, and Parkinson’s disease; potentially useful genomic information from shark transcriptomes; shark antibody-derived drug delivery systems; and immune cell-derived compounds as potential cancer therapeutic agents.
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Malik, Sargun, Azlin Mustapha et Kiruba Krishnaswamy. « Development of millet-acid whey formulations with nutritional, microbiological, and sensory characterization ». Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7 (24 octobre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1233689.
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IntroductionDisposal of the acid whey waste stream is one of the major challenges faced by the Greek yogurt industry. However, based on its physicochemical characteristics and composition analysis, it has huge potential in the health industry. Likewise, millets are highly nutritive and health benefitting ancient grains. Combining acid whey and millet matrix can help in solving the problem of both food losses and food security. Hence, the objective of the study is to analyze the enhancement or degradation of the nutrition profile when acid whey is combined with millet matrix using spray-drying technology.MethodThe methodology of the study includes composition analysis and functional characterization based on antioxidant properties, microbial analysis, and sensory evaluation.Results and discussionThe results showed that there was enhancement of functional properties of the millet-acid whey formulation matrix specifically in terms of polyphenolic compounds, lactose content, and mineral content. Overall, the study aims to provide an alternative method for the utilization and consumption of acid whey that is currently being mishandled and considered as waste by the Greek yogurt manufacturing companies.
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Schar, Daniel, Cheng Zhao, Yu Wang, D. G. Joakim Larsson, Marius Gilbert et Thomas P. Van Boeckel. « Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial resistance from aquaculture and fisheries in Asia ». Nature Communications 12, no 1 (10 septembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25655-8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health. However, in aquatic animals—the fastest growing food animal sector globally—AMR trends are seldom documented, particularly in Asia, which contributes two-thirds of global food fish production. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of 749 point prevalence surveys reporting antibiotic-resistant bacteria from aquatic food animals in Asia, extracted from 343 articles published in 2000–2019. We find concerning levels of resistance to medically important antimicrobials in foodborne pathogens. In aquaculture, the percentage of antimicrobial compounds per survey with resistance exceeding 50% (P50) plateaued at 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 28 to 37%] between 2000 and 2018. In fisheries, P50 decreased from 52% [95% CI 39 to 65%] to 22% [95% CI 14 to 30%]. We map AMR at 10-kilometer resolution, finding resistance hotspots along Asia’s major river systems and coastal waters of China and India. Regions benefitting most from future surveillance efforts are eastern China and India. Scaling up surveillance to strengthen epidemiological evidence on AMR and inform aquaculture and fisheries interventions is needed to mitigate the impact of AMR globally.