Bibliographies thématiques / Haud (The Latin word)

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Haud (The Latin word) »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Haud (The Latin word)"

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Klein, Wolf Peter. «  Vorlesung und Hörsaal als Symptomwörter für Geschichte und Gegenwart der deutschen Sprache ». Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 49, no 3 (2 décembre 2021) : 556–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2021-2039.

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Abstract The article starts with the etymology of the words Vorlesung („lecture“) and Hörsaal (“lecture hall”). On the one hand, it turns out that the two expressions are deeply anchored in the history of the old Latin scientific language. They transmit Latin structures and perspectives in German neologisms. On the other hand, the two words arose exactly at the time when the sciences were moving from Latin to German, thus distancing themselves from the traditional forms of Latin scholarship. In this light, they exemplify an epochal change in the history of the German language, but at the same time they represent a great European continuity. Against this background, the two words can be interpreted as symptomatic words associated with the Enlightenment’s confident outlook on the future relationship between science and society. Further corpus linguistic surveys also show how productively the two words appear in word formation processes. In particular, these surveys show by way of example that and how German standard language has benefited from the emergence of German academic language.
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Zudilina, Nadezhda. « Influence of the Meanings of the Greek Сoncept of “'Aret'h” on the Meanings of the Latin Concept of “Virtus” as One of the Reasons for the Polysemanticity of the Concept of “Virtual” in the XX–XXI centuries ». Logos et Praxis, no 1 (juin 2019) : 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.1.1.

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The author considers how the influence of the meanings of the Greek concept “'aret'h” on the semantics of the Latin concept “virtus” could cause the concept of “virtual” acquire such meanings as “being something in essence, real” (and not formally); “actual, real”. One of the Greek words translated into Latin as “virtus” in antiquity and the Middle Ages, was the word “'aret'h”. As a result of such a translation, the meanings of the word “'aret'h” and the philosophical (first of all, Platonic) meanings of the concept of “'aret'h” enriched the meanings of the concept “virtus”. It is most likely that the first meaning of the concept of “virtual”, that is, “being something in essence, really” (and not formally), comes from the meaning “in essence” of the English word “virtually”, connected with one of the aspects of Plato’s interpretations of “'aret'h” – 'aret'h as the essence of a thing (Greek “oysia”, Latin “essentia”). Probably, the concept “virtual” acquired the meaning of “ factual, real “ through the the mediation of the word “virtually” (in its meaning “in fact, factually”), from the word “actually”, which, on the one hand, means “ in fact, indeed, really”, and on the other, is used as a synonym for “virtually”. It is possible that the accurrence of meanings “factual, real” of the concept “virtual” has been reinforced by the connection of the word “virtus” and its derivatives with the above mentioned “Platonic” meaning of the concept of “virtual”, that is the meaning “being something in essence”, which is in some respects close to the meaning “factual, real”.
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Mari, Tommaso. « The Grammarian Consentius on Errors Concerning the Accent in Spoken Latin ». Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no 1-4 (25 septembre 2020) : 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.54.

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Summary:The 5th-century Gaulish grammarian Consentius wrote an extensive treatise on errors in spoken Latin. In the Roman grammatical tradition, errors in single words are deemed to arise by means of the improper addition, removal, substitution, and misplacement of one of the constitutive elements of the word (letter, syllable, quantity, accent, and aspiration). Late grammarians assumed that the four catego- ries of change applied to accents too, but only Consentius provided an example for each of these cases. However, his discussion poses some problems. The examples of removal, substitution and misplacement of an accent all concern the word orator and present oddities such as a circumflex accent on the antepe- nultimate syllable; they were clearly made up for the sake of completeness and have no bearing on our understanding of Vulgar Latin. On the other hand, the example of addition of an accent is tríginta, with retraction of the accent on the antepenultimate syllable; this must be genuine and fits in well with current reconstructions of most Romance continuations of Latin triginta (Italian trenta, French trente, etc.) and other vigesimals (uiginti, quadraginta, etc.).
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Minuț, Ana-Maria, et Ion Lihaciu. « Observații cu privire la unele dicționare germano­-române din secolul al XIX-lea ». Anuar de lingvistică şi istorie literară 63, no 2023 (30 novembre 2023) : 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/alil.2023.02.

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The observations stated in this article focus on the composition of the word lists and the way of organizing the lexical material in some German-Romanian dictionaries from the 19th century. On the one hand, we analyse the role of German-Romanian dictionaries in putting into circulation and popularizing in Romanian a large number of Latin-Romanic neologisms. On the other hand, we focus on their different ways of organizing the dispersed lexical material by the separate registration of the polysemantic, or concentrated word meanings, by including words from an entire lexical family in the same lexicographic article.
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Aubert-Baillot, Sophie. « De la φρόνησις à la prudentia ». Mnemosyne 68, no 1 (20 janvier 2015) : 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12301407.

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This paper focuses on the equivalence between Greek phronesis, a very hard word to translate, and Latin prudentia. Based on the word phren, phronesis means ‘thought’, ‘intellectual perception’, ‘sense’, ‘prudence’, ‘practical wisdom’, while prudentia is derived from prouidentia, meaning ‘ability to look ahead’, ‘forecast’, ‘foresight’ and also ‘Providence’. Why, although their etymological roots were apparently different, did the Romans choose the word prudentia in order to translate Greek phronesis? And how did such a translation alter the evolution of the philosophical concept of prudence in Latin culture? It seems that Cicero offers a new analysis of prudentia by dividing the term prouidentia, from which it was formed, into two parts. The prefix pro- alludes not only to Aristotelian phronesis (a virtue especially related to the future and most important in political field), but also to Stoic pro-noia (or Pro-vidence) on a cosmological level, while the Latin verb videre (‘to see’) leads Ciceronian prudence, in ethics, towards a theoretical, i.e. contemplative, wisdom (sophia), inspired by Plato.
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Grotans, Anna A. « Simplifying Latin in Notker's Classroom : Tradition and Innovation ». American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 10, no 1 (1998) : 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700002213.

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Much of the rearrangement of the Latin syntax by Notker Labeo in his classroom translation/commentaries is done according to a pedagogic principle called theordo naturalis, which prescribes an SVO word order. A theoretical discussion of theordo naturalisis preserved in a tenth-century treatise composed at St. Gall, and its practical application is found throughout Europe in the form of glosses and construe marks. My analysis shows that Notker varied the traditional and prescribed “natural order” according to the passage at hand, taking into consideration the level of textual difficulty and pedagogic relevance of the passage as well as the text-building strategies of the original. In a few instances Notker even sprinkled his personal variant ofordo naturaliswith OHG word order. Notker expanded upon and modified tradition with his own pedagogic common sense, thus tailoring his teaching materials to the needs of the St. Gall pupils.
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Tur, Cristina. « Concepts that fit in a (Roman) hand ». Cognitive Linguistic Studies 11, no 1 (6 juin 2024) : 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00116.tur.

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Abstract The Roman author Lucius Anneus Seneca (4 BC–65 AC), the main representative of Stoic philosophy in Latin literature, wrote several tragedies in verse in which the Latin noun manus ‘hand’ has a remarkable incidence, almost doubling the occurrence of other terms more related to tragic themes, such as scelus ‘crime’ or mors ‘death’. This paper is based on the hypothesis that this high frequency is linked to the concept of embodiment as well as on the metonymies and metaphors used in Seneca’s figurative language to encode abstract concepts. The occurrences of the term manus in a corpus composed of Seneca’s dramatic and philosophical texts have been analysed, paying attention to the metonymic and metaphorical contexts where it appears. As a result, it has been observed that this word can refer to multiple realities such as individuals, actions, identity, control, or power.
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Mollie et John Dixon. « The Significance of Emphasis in Latina Case Study from Caesar's Bellum Gallicum ». Greece and Rome 39, no 1 (avril 1992) : 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500023998.

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As a contribution to the study of ‘Latin in use’, we focus in this article on the ways a writer indicates what s/he wants to emphasize within the sentence; the specific linguistic signs s/he uses to that end; and the range of effects that these may have for an alert reader. We have used, on the one hand, recent developments in the study of narrative, discourse and general linguistics and, on the other, the work of earlier pioneers in the field of word order in Latin.
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Crowley, Joseph. « Anglicized word order in Old English continuous interlinear glosses in British Library, Royal 2. A. XX ». Anglo-Saxon England 29 (janvier 2000) : 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026367510000243x.

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The Old English interlinear glosses in the prayerbook London, British Library, Royal 2. A. XX frequently render certain Latin verb phrases and noun phrases into Old English with English word order rather than Latin, in contrast to almost all other surviving Old English interlinear glosses of the same prayers. Investigation of the occurrences of similar syntactic tendencies in all other Old English continuous interlinear glosses (the thirteen Old English interlinear glosses to the psalms, the eleven glosses to canticles of the psalter, the two interlinear glosses to the gospels and the thirty other numbered entries under ‘continuous interlinear glosses’ in Angus Cameron's ‘A List of Old English Texts’) reveals that such anglicization is restricted to relatively few texts from various centuries and places. Analysis of the features and conditions of these few witnesses reveals that neither scribal education, region, century nor other particular of situation is a factor common to all witnesses. The scribe of the Old English glosses in Royal 2. A. XX appears to have had deficiencies in Old English grammar, yet confidence in Old English phrasings of the prayers. His gloss was probably not made for students learning Latin grammar; it was more likely intended simply to help laypeople or less-than-well-educated religious persons to understand the Latin prayers. The context is clearer when we consider the Latin prayers in the margins (and a few interlinear glosses in Greek) that were added by the same hand.
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Enăchescu, Mihai. « Continuidad y discontinuidad en la transmisión de las palabras patrimoniales competidas por arabismos : oliva y aceituna, olio y aceite, olivo y aceituno ». Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 66, no 4 (17 décembre 2021) : 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2021.4.04.

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Continuity and Discontinuity in the Transmission of Spanish Inherited Words Competed by Arabisms: oliva and aceituna, olio and aceite, olivo and aceituno. The loss and replacement of Arabisms by Latin loanwords was a frequent phenomenon between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries; the opposite movement, the replacement of an inherited word by an Arabism is far less frequent. Oliva, an inherited word, is competed by the Arabism aceituna; currently the common name for the fruit in the Hispanic world is aceituna, and oliva has a restricted use to the phrase aceite de oliva or to refer to a colour. Similarly, the inherited word olio will be replaced by aceite, and with a specialized meaning will be eliminated by the euphuism óleo, its etymological doublet. On the other hand, olivo prevails over aceituno and represents a special case of continuity in this lexical family. The research will be carried out in two directions: first, I will analyse the old academic dictionaries and other specialized dictionaries and glossaries from the fifteenth-twentieth centuries. Second, I will conduct a corpus analysis, based on the diachronic corpora available for the Spanish language. This study will try to answer the questions how? and why? of these neological movements of vocabulary. Keywords: inherited words, Arabisms, oliva, aceituna, lexical substitution
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Thèses sur le sujet "Haud (The Latin word)"

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Conley, Brandon W. « Minore(m) Pretium : Morphosyntactic Considerations for the Omission of Word-final -m in Non-elite Latin Texts ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent149253496962922.

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Langslow, David R. « The formation and development of Latin medical vocabulary : A. Cornelius Celsus and Cassius Felix ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3f2c9b29-d9a5-413c-a930-d03c28c5e79a.

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This is a study of the substantival medical terminology of Aulus Cornelius Celsus (early 1st c.) and Cassius Felix (mid 5th c.), in the fields of Anatomy and Physiology; Pathology; and Therapeutics. Two broad questions are considered: (1) What were the possible and the preferred means of extending the Latin vocabulary in these technical areas in the first and the fifth century A.D.? (2) May any linguistic features be identified as proper or peculiar to Latin medical - or, more generally, technical - terminology? Chapter 1 presents a general characterisation, based on examples of medical language, of modern technical terminology. Certain features of the structure and composition of the modern terminology are observed also in our Latin authors, especially in Cassius Felix. Chapters 2-5 focus each on one linguistic means of term-formation in Celsus and Cassius Felix. These are (Ch.2:) the use of Greek medical terms within the Latin terminology; (Ch.3:) the use of semantic extension, that is the deployment of established Latin words with new, medical reference (sutura 'stitching' → 'cranial suture'); (Ch.4:) the minimal use of compounding (dentifricium 'tooth-rub'), and the use as single terminological units of lexicalised Noun Phrases, Noun + Adjective (ignis sacer a type of skin-disease) or Noun + Genitive (difficultas urinae 'dysury'), here called "Phrasal Terms"; (Ch.5:) the favouring of certain suffixes in deriving Nouns (and some Adjectives) and the striking correlation between suffix and the lexical-semantic field of the derivative (-or and clinical signs and symptoms: dolor, rubor). Chapter 6 presents comparative figures for the two authors and a general working hypothesis that emerges: namely that divergences between Cassius Felix and Celsus may be interpreted as symptoms of the development of a Latin technical medical terminology (notably the integration of Greek and Latin terminology; reduction in the use of non-metaphorical polysemy; increased use of Phrasal Terms in fixed word order; extended use of suffixation to signal the semantic organisation of the terminology and, additionally, to form nominalisations as part of the development of a heavily-nominal style). A programme is adumbrated for testing this hypothesis. Volume II contains brief historical introductions to Celsus and Cassius Felix, the authors and their works; a Glossary of their medical terminology in three parts (ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; THERAPEUTICS); and full word indexes to both authors listed on microfiche.
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McLachlan, Kathryn Anne. « Verborum ordo – ordo verborum : the placement of the dependent genitive in Classical Latin ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dc9b0a88-ffcb-49ae-8788-3975d9a6264e.

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In this thesis I examine the placement of the dependent genitive relative to its head noun in Classical Latin prose. The corpus is drawn from the works of four first-century B.C. authors: Caesar, Cicero, Sallust and Varro. The thesis itself is split into two main sections, a qualitative analysis and a quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis discusses a number of factors that may influence genitive position, drawn from literature on the subject as well as my pilot studies. These factors are information structure, the genitive’s grammatical function, discontinuity, lexical category, animacy, prepositions governing the head noun, reported speech, idioms, lexical items, and grammatical number of the genitive. This analysis examines individual instances of genitive position in context, providing examples and counter-examples of the ordering patterns found with each potential factor. The qualitative analysis suggests that a number of these factors have an effect on genitive position, particularly information structure. These results are tested by the quantitative analysis. By performing a multivariate statistical analysis using the programme GoldVarb, the combined effects of multiple factors are determined and the statistically significant factors ranked in order of importance and strength of effect. The statistics show that information structure is the most important of the factors. Other significant influences are the presence of prepositions, the function of the genitive and its lexical category. By combining the two types of analysis, qualitative and quantitative, this thesis shows in detail how the factors combine to influence word order, which of them are independent, which interact, which are important and which have little to no effect at all, resulting in a better understanding of the data and the way that the contextual factors work together to produce the variant orders of the dependent genitive.
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Taylor, Barnaby. « Word and object in Lucretius : Epicurean linguistics in theory and practice ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c0ed507b-6436-4c84-8457-34fa707af79a.

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This thesis combines a philosophical interpretation of Epicurean attitudes to language with literary analysis of the language of DRN. Chapters 1-2 describe Epicurean attitudes to diachronic and synchronic linguistic phenomena. In the first chapter I claim that the Epicurean account of the first stage of the development of language involves pre-rational humans acting under a ‘strong’ form of compulsion. The analogies with which Lucretius describes this process were motivated by a structural similarity between the Epicurean accounts of phylogenetic and ontogenetic psychology. Chapter 2 explores the Epicurean account of word use and recognition, central to which are ‘conceptions’. These are attitudes which express propositions; they are not mental images. Προλήψεις, a special class of conception, are self-evidently true basic beliefs about how objects in the world are categorized which, alongside the non-doxastic criteria of perceptions and feelings, play a foundational role in enquiry. Chapter 3 offers a reconstruction of an Epicurean theory of metaphor. Metaphor, for Epicureans, involves the subordination of additional conceptions to words to create secondary meanings. Secondary meanings are to be understood by referring back to primary meanings. Accordingly, Lucretius’ use of metaphor regularly involves the juxtaposition in the text of primary and secondary uses of terms. An account of conceptual metaphor in DRN is given in which the various conceptual domains from which Lucretius draws his metaphorical language are mapped and explored. Chapter 4 presents a new argument against ‘atomological’ readings of Lucretius’ atoms/letters analogies. Lucretian implicit etymologies involve the illustration, via juxtaposition, of language change across time. This is fully in keeping with the Epicurean account of language development. Chapter 5 describes Lucretius’ reflections on and interactions with the Greek language. I suggest that the study of lexical Hellenisms in DRN must be sensitive to the distinction between lexical borrowing and linguistic code-switching. I then give an account of morphological calquing in the poem, presenting it as a significant but overlooked strategy for Lucretian vocabulary-formation.
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FILHO, MANOEL BERNARDINO DE SANTANA. « EVENT WORD AND LIBERATION PRAXIS : KARL BARTH’S ECCLESIOLOGY AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO LATIN-AMERICAN THEOLOGY ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19660@1.

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FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A teologia de Karl Barth se caracteriza por afirmar o caráter fenomenal da manifestação de Deus na história. Ela só é verdadeiramente Palavra de Deus quando toca existencialmente o ser humano. É a palavra que acontece a cada instante levando o indivíduo a uma crise e consequentemente a uma tomada de posição. Ela acontece plenamente em Jesus Cristo, Aquele que propicia o encontro entre o eterno e o temporal. Neste trabalho o autor procurará mostrar a influência desta teologia nos teólogos latino-americanos especialmente naqueles pertencentes à Teologia da Libertação. O conceito barthiano de palavra como evento encontra sua correspondência na práxis histórica que privilegia a ação antes que a teoria. Barth trabalha com o método prática maior teoria maior prática. Ele parte da experiência e faz da teologia um segundo momento na prática eclesial. A partir daí retorna para a prática. Esse método encontra-se presente na metodologia teológica da América Latina.
Karl Barth’s theology is characterized by the affirmation of the phenomenal character of the manifestation of God in history. It is only truly the Word of God when it touches the human being existentially. It’s the word that happens at each moment taking the individual to a crisis and, consequently, to take a position. It happens fully in Jesus Christ, the One who provides the meeting of the eternal and the temporal. In this work the author will try to show the influence of this theology in the Latin-American theologians, especially in those belonging to the Theology of Liberation. The barthian concept of the word as an event finds its equivalent in the historical praxis that gives privilege to the action over the theory. Barth works with method practice more theory more practice, starting from the experience and making theology a second moment in ecclesial practice, returning to practice from this point. This method is present in Latin America’s theological methodology.
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Popan, Marin. « L’hyperbate nominale en latin : construction, typologie, raison de texte ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20050/document.

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Dans sa première partie, cette thèse se propose d’éclairer la portée du terme d’hyperbate chez rhéteurs et grammairiens romains. L’examen montre que ce concept est utilisé dans deux sens distincts : d’abord, l’hyperbate au sens restreint qui n’inclut que l’anastrophe, et la transiectio – disjonction d’un syntagme, en particulier d’un syntagme nominal. Ensuite, l’hyperbate au sens large est utilisée par les grammairiens romains pour désigner cinq espèces qui concernent l’inversion de l’ordre des mots. Chez Julien de Tolède, on rencontre l’emploi du terme d’« hyperbate » aussi pour désigner de longues parenthèses interposées. La première partie du chapitre II de la thèse propose une brève présentation des réflexions sur l’hyperbate dans la tradition philologique et linguistique. Traditionnellement, l’hyperbate est présentée comme une figure de style ; les études modernes se concentre sur l’hyperbate représentant un moyen pragmatique de « mise en relief ». La deuxième partie du chapitre II a pour l’objectif de présenter l’encadrement et le champ médian (séquence de mots insérés) décrits par la linguistique allemande. Le chapitre III propose une étude typologie des mots insérés dans le champ médian et de l’ordre dans lequel ils sont linéarisés. L’étude est fondée sur un corpus de syntagmes nominaux disjoints comportant un génitif et un nom, relevés en particulier chez César, chez Cicéron et dans l’Histoire Auguste. Le champ médian peut être représenté par des mots et des groupes de mots variés, dont le nombre va d’un mot jusqu’à trois ou plus. Les résultats sont résumés dans des tableaux synoptiques
This dissertation, devoted to hyperbaton in Latin, is divided into three chapters. The aim of chapter I is to examine the concept of hyperbaton used by Roman rhetoricians grammarians. It shows that this term is used in two distinct ways. Firstly, hyperbaton in the narrow sense covers anastrophe and transiectio, i.e. a discontinuous phrase, especially a discontinuous noun phrase. Secondly, Roman grammarians conceive hyperbaton in a broad sense for designating five types of inversion of word order. Furthermore, Julian of Toledo adds a type of “long hyperbaton”, i.e. long inserted parentheses. The first part of chapter II provides an overview of reflections about hyperbaton in philological and linguistic literature. Hyperbaton is traditionally regarded as a stylistic figure; however, Modern studies on this topic focus on pragmatic implication of the use of discontinuous phrases. The second part of chapter II presents the concept of framing and median field (sequence of inserted words), developed by German linguistics. Chapter III provides a typology of words inserted into a discontinuous noun phrase formed by a genitive and its head noun. Attention is paid to the order in which inserted elements are linearised. The research is based on a corpus of discontinuous noun phrases collected mainly in Caesar, Cicero, and Historia Augusta. The median field can be formed by various words or groups of words. Examples of median fields with two, three, and more words and their ordering are presented in synoptic tables
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Scrivner, Olga B. « A Probabilistic Approach in Historical Linguistics Word Order Change in Infinitival Clauses| from Latin to Old French ». Thesis, Indiana University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3714098.

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This thesis investigates word order change in infinitival clauses from Object-Verb (OV) to Verb-Object (VO) in the history of Latin and Old French. By applying a variationist approach, I examine a synchronic word order variation in each stage of language change, from which I infer the character, periodization and constraints of diachronic variation. I also show that in discourse-configurational languages, such as Latin and Early Old French, it is possible to identify pragmatically neutral contexts by using information structure annotation. I further argue that by mapping pragmatic categories into a syntactic structure, we can detect how word order change unfolds. For this investigation, the data are extracted from annotated corpora spanning several centuries of Latin and Old French and from additional resources created by using computational linguistic methods. The data are then further codified for various pragmatic, semantic, syntactic and sociolinguistic factors. This study also evaluates previous factors proposed to account for word order alternation and change. I show how information structure and syntactic constraints change over time and propose a method that allows researchers to differentiate a stable word order alternation from alternation indicating a change. Finally, I present a three-stage probabilistic model of word order change, which also conforms to traditional language change patterns.

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Balmaceda, Catalina. « Identifying Romanness : virtus in Latin historiography during the late Republic and early Empire ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6a8919af-7367-4d3b-b6e1-e6318ae098a2.

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This thesis deals with the role of the concept of virtus in Roman historiography of the late Republic and early Empire. I shall argue throughout the study that analysing and tracing this concept in the works of the historians of this period take us to the very heart of the question of their appraisal both of political change and Roman identity. Understanding this moral appraisal does not mean just a better comprehension of their concept of virtus, but a new approach to their concept of history as magistra vitae. In the first chapter, I shall introduce some characteristics of the nature of historical writing and the approaches of ancient and modern historians. I shall be challenging some currents views on the complexity of evaluating ancient history by rhetorical and moral standards. In chapter II, I shall consider the concept of virtus in terms of its etymology and usage; I will then attempt to show the particular connection between virtus and Romanness. I will also develop and explain the concepts of virilis-virtus and humana-virtus and place them in their philosophical context. Chapters III, IV, V and VI will form part of what I have called 'Virtus in History', and in these chapters I shall deal with four historians. The first section is dedicated to Sallust and his analysis of political decline in relation to virtus. I shall attempt to assess Sallust's influential creation of moral language in the writing of history. Then, I will consider the connection of virtus as a means to preserve libertas in Livy's work, especially considering the author's time. Chapter V is concerned with Velleius' history and his view that the principate has re-established virtus in Rome. I shall concentrate on Tiberius for my analysis of virtus and challenge some traditional approaches to this author and his prince. Finally, in chapter VI, I will examine Tacitus' perception of the nature of the political change that Rome has undergone. I will show how the transformations in politics have a deep influence on the very idea of Romanness and how the disturbance of this concept leads to a more profound and internal interpretation of it.
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Shotts, Aaron Christopher. « The effects of Latin and Greek-based root word and affix instruction on sixth-grade students' understanding of life science vocabulary ». Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/shotts/ShottsA0812.pdf.

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In this project, instruction in Latin and Greek-based prefixes, suffixes, and root words was implemented to determine its effects on sixth-grade students' understanding and long-term memory of life science vocabulary, their ability to predict the meaning of new vocabulary, and their attitudes and motivation regarding learning vocabulary, as well as my teaching and attitudes to teaching. Latin and Greek morphemes were taught, recorded, and used in prediction and learning exercises. Pre and postunit and delayed assessments and concept interviews, pre and posttreatment surveys, my observations and journaling, peer observations, and a self-evaluation were analyzed. Results regarding student understanding and long-term memory were inconclusive. The data showed that students' ability to predict new vocabulary meanings improved. Students' attitudes and motivation were not affected and my attitudes were at first positive, but later declined.
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Lindström, Mathias. « Automatic Segmentation of Swedish Medical Words with Greek and Latin Morphemes : A Computational Morphological Analysis ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för datorlingvistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-121650.

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Raw text data online has increased the need for designing artificial systems capable of processing raw data efficiently and at a low cost in the field of natural language processing (NLP). A well-developed morphological analysis is an important cornerstone of NLP, in particular when word look-up is an important stage of processing. Morphological analysis has many advantages, including reducing the number of word forms to be stored computationally, as well as being cost-efficient and time-efficient. NLP is relevant in the field of medicine, especially in automatic text analysis, which is a relatively young field in Swedish medical texts. Much of the stored information is highly unstructured and disorganized. Using raw corpora, this paper aims to contribute to automatic morphological segmentation by experimenting with state-of-art-tools for unsupervised and semi-supervised word segmentation of Swedish words in medical texts. The results show that a reasonable segmentation is more dependent on a high number of word types, rather than a special type of corpora. The results also show that semi-supervised word segmentation in the form of annotated training data greatly increases the performance.
Rå textdata online har ökat behovet för artificiella system som klarar av att processa rå data effektivt och till en låg kostnad inom språkteknologi (NLP). En välutvecklad morfologisk analys är en viktig hörnsten inom NLP, speciellt när ordprocessning är ett viktigt steg. Morfologisk analys har många fördelar, bland annat reducerar den antalet ordformer som ska lagras teknologiskt, samt så är det kostnadseffektivt och tidseffektivt. NLP är av relevans för det medicinska ämnet, speciellt inom textanalys som är ett relativt ungt område inom svenska medicinska texter. Mycket av den lagrade informationen är väldigt ostrukturerat och oorganiserat. Genom att använda råa korpusar ämnar denna uppsats att bidra till automatisk morfologisk segmentering genom att experimentera med de för närvarande bästa verktygen för oövervakad och semi-övervakad ordsegmentering av svenska ord i medicinska texter. Resultaten visar att en acceptabel segmentering beror mer på ett högt antal ordtyper, och inte en speciell sorts korpus. Resultaten visar också att semi-övervakad ordsegmentering, dvs. annoterad träningsdata, ökar prestandan markant.
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Livres sur le sujet "Haud (The Latin word)"

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Danckaert, Lieven Jozef Maria. Latin embedded clauses. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2012.

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Danckaert, Lieven Jozef Maria. Latin embedded clauses. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2012.

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Devine, A. M. Latin word order : Structured meaning and information. New York : Oxford University Press, 2006.

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Denooz, J. Nouveau lexique fréquentiel de latin. Hildesheim : Olms-Weidmann, 2010.

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Wimer, Dennis B. Word studies : A classical perspective. Richmond, Va. (P.O. Box 5362, Richmond 23220) : D.B. Wimer, 1994.

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Pierre, Maxime. Carmen : Étude d'une catégorie sonore romaine. Paris : Les Belles lettres, 2016.

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Seigel, Mike. Latin : A clear guide to syntax. London : Anthem Press, 2008.

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Spevak, Olga. Constituent order in classical Latin prose. Amsterdam : J. Benjamins Publ. Co., 2010.

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Spevak, Olga. Constituent order in classical Latin prose. Amsterdam : J. Benjamins Publ. Co., 2010.

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Spevak, Olga. Constituent order in classical Latin prose. Amsterdam : J. Benjamins Publ. Co., 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Haud (The Latin word)"

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Martinich, Matthew L. « Word of Wisdom ». Dans Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions, 1–3. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08956-0_466-1.

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Martinich, Matthew L. « Word of Wisdom ». Dans Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions, 1642–43. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27078-4_466.

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Fruyt, Michèle. « Word-Formation in Classical Latin ». Dans A Companion to the Latin Language, 157–75. Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444343397.ch11.

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Massimi, Marina. « Word, True Pharmacon of Bodies and Souls ». Dans Latin American Voices, 139–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60645-9_7.

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Duchon, Philippe, et Cyril Nicaud. « On the Biased Partial Word Collector Problem ». Dans LATIN 2018 : Theoretical Informatics, 413–26. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77404-6_30.

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Danckaert, Lieven. « Studying word order changes in Latin ». Dans Studies in Language Companion Series, 233–50. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.169.09dan.

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Chirita, Diana. « Did Latin influence German word order ? » Dans Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism, 173–200. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hsm.2.08chi.

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Barth, Lukas, Sara Irina Fabrikant, Stephen G. Kobourov, Anna Lubiw, Martin Nöllenburg, Yoshio Okamoto, Sergey Pupyrev, Claudio Squarcella, Torsten Ueckerdt et Alexander Wolff. « Semantic Word Cloud Representations : Hardness and Approximation Algorithms ». Dans LATIN 2014 : Theoretical Informatics, 514–25. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54423-1_45.

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Hàn, Hiệp, Marcos Kiwi et Matías Pavez-Signé. « Quasi-Random Words and Limits of Word Sequences ». Dans LATIN 2020 : Theoretical Informatics, 491–503. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61792-9_39.

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Sifuentes-Jáuregui, Ben. « Fashion’s Lost Word : Carpentier Writes Woman ». Dans Transvestism, Masculinity, and Latin American Literature, 53–86. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230107281_3.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Haud (The Latin word)"

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Vallejo-Huanga, Diego, Alisson Mendoza et Nicolás Carrasco. « Sentiment Analysis in Contrast to Official Data During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador ». Dans Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2021) Future Trends and Applications. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001169.

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Ecuador was one of the first Latin American countries to have a proven case of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The social networks were the media most used by citizens to replicate news about the pandemic, and issue comments about the handling of the health crisis. This article aims to present a web tool for sentiment analysis on Twitter with three different ways to analyze the corpus and polarities: a word-dictionary-based model, a custom trained supervised machine learning model, and an open-source library to process textual data and allows obtaining a polarity metric from a tweet. Then, to define the final polarity of each tweet, an ensemble machine learning model is used for combining the predictions from the three techniques through a hard majority voting ensemble. The web system was developed with free software tools and is accompanied by visualizations and statistical graphics.
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Abilova, Zulfiyya. « INFLUENCE OF OTHER LANGUAGES ON THE LEXICAL SYSTEM OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE ». Dans Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7256.

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Many natural languages contain a large number of borrowed words, which usually enter the language as the result of cultural-historical, socio-economic and other relations between people. The article is devoted to the English language which, in the process of its historical development, was crossed with the Scandinavian languages and the Norman dialect of the French language. In addition, English almost, throughout its history, had linguistic interaction with Latin, French, Spanish, Russian, German and other languages of the world. This article examines the influence of Latin, French and Scandinavian languages as well as the development of English as the language of international communication.
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Silva-Fuentes, Miguel A., Hugo D. Calderon-Vilca, Edwin F. Calderon-Vilca et Flor C. Cardenas-Marino. « Semantic Search System using Word Embeddings for query expansion ». Dans 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-la.2019.8894992.

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Lizarralde, Ignacio, Juan Manuel Rodriguez, Cristian Mateos et Alejandro Zunino. « Word embeddings for improving REST services discoverability ». Dans 2017 XLIII Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/clei.2017.8226444.

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Burns, Patrick J., James A. Brofos, Kyle Li, Pramit Chaudhuri et Joseph P. Dexter. « Profiling of Intertextuality in Latin Literature Using Word Embeddings ». Dans Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics : Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.389.

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Zheltova, Elena. « On the word order in Latin support verb constructions ». Dans 45th International Philological Conference (IPC 2016). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ipc-16.2017.137.

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Lopez, Waldemar, Jorge Merlino et Pablo Rodriguez-Bocca. « Vector representation of internet domain names using a word embedding technique ». Dans 2017 XLIII Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/clei.2017.8226415.

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Damman, Natalia. « Propositional Frame Structure Of A Word Family : Latin Verba Dicendi ». Dans X International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text : Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.08.39.

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Crane, Gregory, Bridget Almas, Alison Babeu, Lisa Cerrato, Anna Krohn, Frederik Baumgart, Monica Berti, Greta Franzini et Simona Stoyanova. « Cataloging for a billion word library of Greek and Latin ». Dans the First International Conference. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2595188.2595190.

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Perez, Jesus, Eladio Dapena, Jose Aguilar et Gilberto Carrillo. « Reinforcement Learning for Estimating Student Proficiency in Math Word Problems ». Dans 2022 XVII Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies (LACLO). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/laclo56648.2022.10013399.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Haud (The Latin word)"

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Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo, et Robert Devlin. Towards an Evaluation of Regional Integration in Latin America in the 1990s. Inter-American Development Bank, décembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011085.

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The decade of the 1990s has witnessed a wave of regional integration initiatives in Latin America: more than 14 agreements -free trade areas or customs unions- since 1990 with a handful more in varying degrees of negotiation (see Table 1). However, this was not just a Latin American phenomenon, as regionalism has more than ever become a global trend (Mistry [1996]). Indeed, now Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong are the only World Trade Organization (WTO) members which are not signatories to at least one preferential trade agreement (WTO [1995]). Regional integration is not new to Latin America. Economic integration played an important role in the region¿s early Post-War economic history. The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of very ambitious initiatives inspired by the successful Western European experience (Ffrench-Davis, Muñoz and Palma [1994]). Indeed, at its peak in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the topic of integration was hard to avoid in the discussion of Latin American development. However, disillusionment with integration processes had clearly set in by the late 1970s and the discussion of regional integration was all but silenced by the external crisis of the early 1980s.
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Goto, Junichi. The Migrant Workers in Japan from Latin America and Asia : Causes and Consequences. Inter-American Development Bank, mars 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010753.

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The world has been increasingly interconnected both economically and politically ever since the end of the World War II. In addition to the increase in the movement of goods (international trade) and the movement of money (foreign investment), we have observed increased amount of movement of labor (international migration) in various parts of the world. For example, European countries, notably Germany and France, have accepted a large number of migrant workers from neighboring countries for many years. In the United States, huge number of migrant workers, both legal and illegal, have been flowing from various countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. While Japan had been a fairly closed country to foreigners for many years, the influx of migrant workers emerged in the mid-1980s when an economic boom brought about serious labor shortage created an economic boom. Initially, most of these foreign workers are illegal migrant workers from neighboring Asian countries. However, since the revision of the Japanese immigration law in 1990, there has been a dramatic influx of the Latin American of Japanese origin (Nikkei) because these people are now allowed to do whatever activities in Japan, including an unskilled work that is prohibited to foreigners in principle. The number of these Latin American migrants is estimated to be around 150,000 to 200,000. This paper analyzes the recent experiences in the economic and social impact of international migration from Latin America and Asia in Japan.
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McKean, Cressida S. Export Development Services : Do They Work ? Inter-American Development Bank, mars 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006806.

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This discussion paper addresses a study undertook a cross-country survey of nearly 300 exporters. The object of the survey was to determine what types of services exporters actually used, which ones had the greatest impact on their export growth, and who provided these services. This presentation was prepared for the Conference "Building A Modern and Effective Business Development Services Industry In Latin America and the Caribbean" held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on March 3rd-5th, 1999.
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Agusti Strid, Alma, et James Ronicle. Social Impact Bonds in Latin America : IDB Lab's Pioneering Work in the Region : Lessons Learnt. Sous la direction de Christine Ternent. Inter-American Development Bank, janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003004.

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In recent years, Latin America has seen the introduction of innovative pay-for-success mechanisms to fund social programs, including Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and Development Impact Bonds (DIBs), outcome-based contracts that incorporate the use of private financing from investors to cover the upfront capital required for a provider to set up and deliver a social service. In this context, IDB Lab established a SIB Facility in 2014 to promote the focus on outcomes in social programs and increase outcomes-based commissioning. The SIB Facility has resulted in IDB Lab providing support to developing SIBs in Colombia (first SIB launched in a middle-income country), Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Brazil. Since then, several employment SIBs have launched in Colombia and Argentina and prefeasibility studies for SIBs on other topics are currently underway in Chile. This Technical Note aims to capture the lessons learnt from developing SIBs in Latin America, focusing on the five countries where the SIB Facility played a pioneering role. The study takes a retrospective view in examining what has been done and a prospective view in considering how challenges can be overcome and how lessons learnt might be considered within the IDB Lab, both at SIB level and at ecosystem level looking at the SIB ecosystems that have started to emerge. In the study, we find that the SIBs that have launched in the study countries were well designed and that there had also been thorough consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the model.
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Lucenti, Krista, Sebastián Galarza S. et Pablo Guerrero. Trade Logistic and Regional Integration in Latin America & ; the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, décembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011078.

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During the past few decades, the landscape of the world economy has changed. New trade patterns reflect the globalization of the supply chain and intra-industry trade, and increasing flows between neighboring countries and trading blocs with similar factor endowments. Similarly, the approach to production, trade, and transportation has evolved incorporating freight logistics as an important value-added service in the global production. This integrated approach have become essential, and as such, both the trade agenda and freight logistics are beginning to converge providing an unparalleled opportunity for countries to deepen their integration with neighboring countries and their national performance for transport related services. Consequently, developing countries are finding themselves hard-pressed to adjust their policy agendas to take into account costs not covered in past rounds of trade negotiations.
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Lall, Sanjaya, Manuel Albaladejo et Mauricio Mesquita Moreira. Latin American Industrial Competitiveness and the Challenge of Globalization. Inter-American Development Bank, juin 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009186.

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Manufacturing in Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC) faces severe competitive stresses as it integrates into the global economy. It is not, on the whole, coping well. Though it was the first region in the developing world - in the post-war era - to liberalize on international trade and investment flows and had the most advanced industrial base, it failed to tap fully the opportunities offered. As a result, it has steadily fallen behind the most competitive economies in the developing world, the Tigers of East Asia. What is behind LAC¿s under-performance? The dominant view in the region puts emphasis on the legacy of import substitution, macroeconomic mismanagement and on a costly "business environment". Although important, these factors do not seem to tell the whole story. The heavy emphasis on "government failures" has led policymakers to overlook key market failures that stand on the way to sustained productivity growth, increasing technological capability and greater competitiveness. This paper can be seen as a first step to redress the balance of the policy debate and focus on benchmarking competitive performance and capabilities in the 1990s in LAC and East Asia, letting the comparisons speak for themselves. While it is known in the region that its recent industrial record has been poor, the dimensions are not well analyzed or understood. This benchmarking exercise, using a simple framework to measure performance and capabilities, should prove instructive to policy analysis.
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Maldonado, René, Natasha Bajuk et Gregory Watson. Remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean in 2009 : The impact of the global financial crisis. Inter-American Development Bank, mars 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006618.

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In 2009 remittance flows to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) declined as a result of the impact of the global financial crisis on countries in which migrants from the region live and work. The recessions in major remittance-sending countries such as the United States, Spain, and Japan had a strong impact on the employment and income of remittance senders, and, as a result, the annual accumulated volume of remittances to LAC dropped substantially, reaching $US 58.8 billion at the end of the year.
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Macchiavello, Luis J. Peruvian Migration to Japan. Inter-American Development Bank, avril 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006556.

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This document is about Peruvian Japanese migration. Peru was the first country in Latin America to establish diplomatic relations with Japan, and the tenth in the world. At that time just 14 countries had this kind of links with Japan. The Japanese migration started in 1899. Peru was also the first country in Latin America to receive those migrant Japanese citizens. The first Japanese foreign investment venture took place in Peru in 1889.
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Márquez, Gustavo. Training the Workforce in Latin America : What Needs to be Done ? Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008410.

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the status of training policies in Latin America, and to review some new approaches that are shaping the evolution of policies and institutions in the region. The ideas presented here rely heavily on discussions held over the last five years with government, private sector, and union officials in a number of countries in the region about organizational, institutional, and financial changes of training institutions. As such, this paper presents just a snapshot of a very active and lively discussion about training institutions and policies, where new lessons are being learned and new approaches are being developed practically every day. In the first section the authors discuss why and how training policies are a legitimate and important object of public policies. Next, they discuss the institutional structure of the training systems in Latin America at the light of their adequacy to coordinate the acquisition and use of skills by the work force. Training systems in the region have evolved differently from a common original model, mostly as a consequence of the different sets of circumstances and institutional capabilities that governments, the private sector, and unions had in each country. The adoption of the wide set of policies proposed here will be of course a gradual process, and needs to be tailored to the particular circumstances and capabilities each country faces. The findings presented here add up to a wider vision of the tools that policy makers have when trying to provide the population at large with the level and mix of skills needed by workers and firms to create the more productive jobs associated with a more competitive economy.
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Kuwayama, Mikio. Search for a New Partnership in Trade and Investment between Latin America and Asia-Pacific. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010390.

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Although interregional cooperation in trade and investment between Latin America and Asia-Pacific has been on the agendas of countries in both regions for some time, initiatives have been few, with meager results. The lack of tangible results is related to the economic asymmetries between the two regions and a purely inter-industrial nature of bi-regional trade. The incipient drive in bi-regional trade up to the Asian crisis was triggered by the economic boom of East Asia on the one hand, and growth recovery, economic reforms and integration, on the other. Now, coupled with the slowdown of the US economy and the standstill of Japanese economy, the sustained impulse of these factors is uncertain. The present economic relations between the two regions do not reflect the potential for interregional trade and investment that exists in an increasingly globalized world. The current low level of economic interaction, especially in the aftermath of the economic crises experienced in each region in recent years, calls for joint actions in the economic sphere. Given the embryonic stage and limited country coverage of ongoing consultations on bilateral free trade agreements, the recently created Forum for East-Asia Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC) should address the issues of market access and bi-regional economic integration, and promote concrete integration initiatives.
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