Articles de revues sur le sujet « Hardware field simulator »
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1
Ihrens, Jana, Stefan Möws, Lennard Wilkening, Thorsten A. Kern et Christian Becker. « The Impact of Time Delays for Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Investigations ». Energies 14, no 11 (28 mai 2021) : 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113154.
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Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHiL) simulations provide a powerful environment in the critical process of testing new components and controllers. In this work, we aim to explain the impact of time delays in a PHiL setup and recommend how to consider them in different investigations. The general concept of PHiL, with its necessary components, is explained and the benefits compared to pure simulation and implemented field tests are presented. An example for a flexible PHiL environment is shown in form of the Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Laboratory (PHiLsLab) at TU Hamburg. In the PHiLsLab, different hardware components are used as the simulator to provide a grid interface via an amplifier system, a real-time simulator by OPAL-RT, a programmable logic controller by Bachmann, and an M-DUINO microcontroller. Benefits and limitations of the different simulators are shown using case examples of conducted investigations. Essentially, all platforms prove to be appropriate and sufficiently powerful simulators, if the time constants and complexity of the investigated case fit the simulator performance. The communication interfaces used between simulator and amplifier system differ in communication speed and delay; therefore, they have to be considered to determine the level of dynamic interactions between the simulated rest of system and the hardware under test.
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Kozlova, A., Z. Li, J. R. Natvig, S. Watanabe, Y. Zhou, K. Bratvedt et S. H. Lee. « A Real-Field Multiscale Black-Oil Reservoir Simulator ». SPE Journal 21, no 06 (25 octobre 2016) : 2049–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/173226-pa.
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Summary Simulation technology is constantly evolving to take advantage of the best-available computational algorithms and computing hardware. A new technology is being jointly developed by an integrated energy company and a service company to provide a step change to reservoir-simulator performance. Multiscale methods have been rapidly developed during the past few years. Multiscale technology promises to improve simulation run time by an order of magnitude compared with current simulator performance in traditional reservoir-engineering work flows. Following that trend, the two companies have been working in collaboration on a multiscale algorithm that significantly increases performance of reservoir simulators. In this paper, we report the development of multiscale black-oil reservoir-simulation technology in a reservoir simulator used by the industry, as well as the performance and accuracy of the results obtained by use of this implementation. The multiscale method has proved to be accurate and reliable for large real-data models, and the new solver is capable of solving very-large models an order of magnitude faster than the current commercial version of the solver.
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Queiroz, Janailson, Sarah Carvalho, Camila Barros, Luciano Barros et Daniel Barbosa. « Embedding an Electrical System Real-Time Simulator with Floating-Point Arithmetic in a Field Programmable Gate Array ». Energies 14, no 24 (13 décembre 2021) : 8404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248404.
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Real-Time Digital Simulation (RTDS) is a powerful tool in modeling and analyzing electrical and drive systems because it provides an efficient and accurate process. There are several hardware devices for this type of simulation; however, their high costs have led to the increasing use of more affordable and reconfigurable technologies. In this context, many logic blocks and storage elements make the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) an ideal device to perform RTDS. This work proposes a technique to embed a real-time digital simulator in an FPGA through Hardware Description Language (HDL) since it provides liberty in the architecture choice and no dependency on commercial ready-made hardware–software packages. The approach proposed focuses on system design developing with expression tree graph, synthesizing and verifying, prioritizing the performance and design accuracy concerning area and power consumption. Thus, the result acquisition occurs at a time step considered in real-time. A simulation of a direct current (DC) motor speed control has been incorporated into this work as an example of application, which includes the embedding and simulation of the electric machine and its drive system. Performance tests have shown that the developed simulator is real-time and makes possible realistic analysis of the interaction between the plant and its control. In addition, an idea of the hardware requirement for real-time simulation is proposed based on the number of mathematical operations.
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Nayak, B. Sathish, Sidharth Bhonge, K. Krishna Naik, Odelu Ojjela et Surendra Pal. « Multi GNSS IRNSS L5 IRNSS S1 and GPS L1 Hybrid Simulator A Reconfigurable Low cost Solution for Research and Defence Applications ». Defence Science Journal 72, no 4 (26 août 2022) : 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.17873.
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Satellite-based positioning field of research is growing rapidly as there is an increase in demand for precise position requirements in various civil and commercial applications. There are many errors that affect the GNSS signals while propagation from satellite to receiver, which eventually induces errors in pseudo-range measurements. In order to assess the receiver characteristics for a specific error condition, the real-time signals may not be appropriate, and it is challenging to perform repeated experiments with the same error condition. The advantage of the GNSS simulator is that users can model the different scenarios for any given location on the globe, which are repeatable at any point of time. The conventional hardware simulators are expensive and have few limitations. In this paper, a reconfigurable hybrid simulator is proposed with some advantages over traditional hardware simulators, such as low cost, reconfigurability, and controllability over fundamental parameters. It can be able to record intermediate stage data, which makes it more suitable for the GNSS research field. The proposed multi-GNSS simulator considered implementing IRNSS-L5, IRNSS-S1, and GPS-L1 band signals. A general-purpose computer can perform the necessary calculations for signal generation. The hybrid simulator can be able to generate the digital I/Q data, which can be stored as I/Q data or can be connected to a general-purpose SDR (Software Defined Radio) for RF signal generation (bladeRF in this case). The I/Q data can be used with the software receiver to analyse the receiver performance concerning the specific error. The generated GNSS signals are validated with software and hardware receivers, and the obtained position is observed as expected.
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Vela-Garcia, L., J. Vázquez Castillo, R. Parra-Michel et Matthias Pätzold. « An Accurate Hardware Sum-of-Cisoids Fading Channel Simulator for Isotropic and Non-Isotropic Mobile Radio Environments ». Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2012 (2012) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/542198.
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The rapid technological development in the field of wireless communications calls for devices capable of reproducing and simulating the behavior of the channel under realistic propagation conditions. This paper presents a hardware fading channel simulator that is able to generate stochastic processes characterized by symmetrical and asymmetrical Doppler power spectral densities (PSDs) depending on the assumption of isotropic or non-isotropic scattering. The concept of the proposed hardware simulator is based on an implementation of the sum-of-cisoids (SOC) method. The hardware simulator is capable of handling any configuration of the cisoid's amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. Each of the cisoids that constitutes the SOC model is implemented using a piecewise polynomial approximation technique. The investigation of the higher-order statistics of the generated fading processes, like the level-crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF), shows that our design is able to reproduce accurately the key features of realistic channel models that are considered as candidates for the latest wireless communication standards.
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Casolino, Giovanni, Mario Russo, Pietro Varilone et Daniele Pescosolido. « Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation of Energy Management Systems for Microgrids : A Short Overview and a Case Study ». Energies 11, no 11 (1 novembre 2018) : 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112978.
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The energy management system (EMS) of a microgrid often presents a complex structure and a large number of control functions, which must be validated to ensure a reliable and optimal operation of the microgrid. Control system validation is typically performed by using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) architectures in which the microgrid is simulated in real time and interfaced with the actual system under test. The simulation must ensure both an accurate representation of the microgrid and a reliable replica of the field communication of the EMS with all the control devices. In this paper, an overview of the various HIL architectures proposed in the literature is firstly outlined. Then, an HIL validation facility is presented and used to validate the EMS of an industrial microgrid. Finally, some results of the validation tests are reported to give evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed facility. In the proposed architecture, the soft real-time digital simulator of the microgrid is interfaced with the actual EMS using the same communication system and protocol as on the field. The main advantages of the proposed testing facility are: (i) the use of commercial PCs and the absence of dedicated interface modules, resulting in inexpensive hardware components; (ii) the capability to validate both control and communication functions of the EMS; (iii) the applicability to microgrids of different types (industrial, commercial, residential), as well as of various dimensions, including large microgrids; (iv) the easiness in changing the microgrid and the EMS under validation by only software modifications of the simulator tasks and of the exchange interface. As drawbacks, the proposed testing facility presents the need to adapt the software interface between EMS and the field to the EMS under test and the possibility of testing only the EMS functions and not fast-acting local controllers of the microgrid such as the protection systems.
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Sriram, Vinay, et David Kearney. « Towards A Multi-FPGA Infrared Simulator ». Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation : Applications, Methodology, Technology 4, no 4 (octobre 2007) : 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154851290700400404.
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High speed infrared (IR) scene simulation is used extensively in defense and homeland security to test sensitivity of IR cameras and accuracy of IR threat detection and tracking algorithms used commonly in IR missile approach warning systems (MAWS). A typical MAWS requires an input scene rate of over 100 scenes/second. Infrared scene simulations typically take 32 minutes to simulate a single IR scene that accounts for effects of atmospheric turbulence, refraction, optical blurring and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera electronic noise on a Pentium 4 (2.8GHz) dual core processor [7]. Thus, in IR scene simulation, the processing power of modern computers is a limiting factor. In this paper we report our research to accelerate IR scene simulation using high performance reconfigurable computing. We constructed a multi Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware acceleration platform and accelerated a key computationally intensive IR algorithm over the hardware acceleration platform. We were successful in reducing the computation time of IR scene simulation by over 36%. This research acts as a unique case study for accelerating large scale defense simulations using a high performance multi-FPGA reconfigurable computer.
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Jin, Shuo, Hao Yu, Xiaopeng Fu, Zhiying Wang, Kai Yuan et Peng Li. « A Universal Design of FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulator for Active Distribution Networks Based on Reconfigurable Computing ». Energies 12, no 11 (31 mai 2019) : 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112086.
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Reconfigurable computing is that the logical resources in the system can be reconfigured according to the real-time changing data flow to achieve different calculation functions. The reconfigurable computing system has both high efficiency on hardware and universality of software. The field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time simulator for active distribution networks (ADNs) requires a long compilation time for case modification, with low efficiency and low versatility, making it inconvenient and difficult for users. To solve the problem of long compile time with a new case, a universal design of the FPGA-based real-time simulator for ADNs based on reconfigurable computing is proposed in this paper. It includes the universal design of the simulation parameter configuration, the simulation initial value setting, the linear equations solving module and the simulation result output module. The proposed universal design of the simulator makes the modification and change of the cases and parameters without recompiling and further improves the simulation efficiency. Simulation results are conducted and compared with PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the universal design.
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Chung, Yi, et Yee-Pien Yang. « Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Self-Driving Electric Vehicles by Dynamic Path Planning and Model Predictive Control ». Electronics 10, no 19 (8 octobre 2021) : 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192447.
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This paper applies a dynamic path planning and model predictive control (MPC) to simulate self-driving and parking for an electric van on a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) platform. The hardware platform is a simulator which consists of an electric power steering system, accelerator and brake pedals, and an Nvidia drive PX2 with a robot operating system (ROS). The vehicle dynamics model, sensors, controller, and test field map are virtually built with the PreScan simulation platform. Both manual and autonomous driving modes can be simulated, and a graphic user interface allows a test driver to select a target parking space on a display screen. Three scenarios are demonstrated: forward parking, reverse parking, and obstacle avoidance. When the vehicle perceives an obstacle, the map is updated and the route is adaptively planned. The effectiveness of the proposed MPC is verified in experiments and proved to be superior to a traditional proportional–integral–derivative controller with regards to safety, energy-saving, comfort, and agility.
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Muñoz-Quijada, Maria, Luis Sanz et Hipolito Guzman-Miranda. « A Virtual Device for Simulation-Based Fault Injection ». Electronics 9, no 12 (24 novembre 2020) : 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9121989.
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This paper describes the design and implementation of a virtual device to perform simulation-based fault injection campaigns. The virtual device is fully compatible with the same user software that is already being used to perform fault injection campaigns in existing FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)-based hardware devices. Multiple instances of the virtual device can be launched in parallel in order to speed-up the fault injection campaigns, without any preexisting limitations on number, such as available license seats, since the virtual device can be compiled with the open-source simulator GHDL. This virtual device also allows one to find bugs in both software and firmware, and to reproduce in simulation, with total visibility of the internal states, corner cases that may have occurred in the real hardware.
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Kirilov, N. A. « The use of virtual reality technologies in the training of future specialists in the field of geodesy ». Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 27, no 6 (2022) : 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2022-27-6-28-38.
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Virtual reality allows getting more experience with geodetic instruments in various conditions in the future in addition to educational or vocational practices. The introduction of virtual reality technologies into the educational geodetic process requires the creation of appropriate software, and first the development of a test educational program for the focus group. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for creating a prototype of a geodetic simulator designed to train future specialists in the field of geodesy. The article analyzes and selects the software and hardware required for the development of a geodetic simulator. The stages of the developed methodology for creating a geodetic simulator are presented. In the course of the study, a prototype of a geodetic simulator was created, designed to train future specialists in the field of geodesy. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using virtual reality technologies in geodetic education and the prospects for further research in this area.
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Singh, Vijay Kumar, Ravi Nath Tripathi et Tsuyoshi Hanamoto. « FPGA-Based Implementation of Finite Set-MPC for a VSI System Using XSG-Based Modeling ». Energies 13, no 1 (4 janvier 2020) : 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010260.
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Finite set-model predictive control (FS-MPC) is used for power converters and drives having unique advantages as compared to the conventional control strategies. However, the computational burden of the FS-MPC is a primary concern for real-time implementation. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) is an alternative and exciting solution for real-time implementation because of the parallel processing capability, as well as, discrete nature of the hardware platform. Nevertheless, FPGA is capable of handling the computational requirements for the FS-MPC implementation, however, the system development involves multiple steps that lead to the time-consuming debugging process. Moreover, specific hardware coding skill makes it more complex corresponding to an increase in system complexity that leads to a tedious task for system development. This paper presents an FPGA-based experimental implementation of FS-MPC using the system modeling approach. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of FS-MPC in stationary αβ and rotating dq frame is considered for simulation as well as experimental result. The FS-MPC for a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) system is developed in a realistic digital simulator integrated with MATLAB-Simulink. The simulated controller model is further used for experimental system implementation and validation using Xilinx FPGA: Zedboard Zynq Evaluation and Development Kit. The digital simulator termed as Xilinx system generator (XSG) provided by Xilinx is used for modeling-based FPGA design.
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Li, Yong Hua. « The Design of Well Logging Data Acquisition Based on FPGA ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (décembre 2011) : 1029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.1029.
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A novel kind of logging data acquisition is designed based on FPGA.In this paper, the hardware and software are described in detail. Experiment results show that the designed circuit and program are reasonable and reliable by the logging signal simulator, which can meet the logging requirement of oil field.
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Hogervorst, Tom, Răzvan Nane, Giacomo Marchiori, Tong Dong Qiu, Markus Blatt et Alf Birger Rustad. « Hardware Acceleration of High-Performance Computational Flow Dynamics Using High-Bandwidth Memory-Enabled Field-Programmable Gate Arrays ». ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems 15, no 2 (30 juin 2022) : 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3476229.
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Scientific computing is at the core of many High-Performance Computing applications, including computational flow dynamics. Because of the utmost importance to simulate increasingly larger computational models, hardware acceleration is receiving increased attention due to its potential to maximize the performance of scientific computing. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays could accelerate scientific computing because of the possibility to fully customize the memory hierarchy important in irregular applications such as iterative linear solvers. In this article, we study the potential of using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays in High-Performance Computing because of the rapid advances in reconfigurable hardware, such as the increase in on-chip memory size, increasing number of logic cells, and the integration of High-Bandwidth Memories on board. To perform this study, we propose a novel Sparse Matrix-Vector multiplication unit and an ILU0 preconditioner tightly integrated with a BiCGStab solver kernel. We integrate the developed preconditioned iterative solver in Flow from the Open Porous Media project, a state-of-the-art open source reservoir simulator. Finally, we perform a thorough evaluation of the FPGA solver kernel in both stand-alone mode and integrated in the reservoir simulator, using the NORNE field, a real-world case reservoir model using a grid with more than 10 5 cells and using three unknowns per cell.
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Wigger, S. J., S. M. Goodnick et M. Saraniti. « Hybrid Particle-based Full-band Analysis of Ultra-small MOS ». VLSI Design 13, no 1-4 (1 janvier 2001) : 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/94360.
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We report on the 2D and 3D modeling of ultra-small MOS structures using a newly developed full-band device simulator. The simulation tool is based on a novel approach, featuring a hybrid Ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC)-Cellular Automata (CA) simulation engine. In this hybrid approach charge transport is simulated using the CA in regions of momentum space where most scattering events occur and the EMC elsewhere, thus optimizing the trade-off between the fast, but memory consuming CA method and the slower EMC method. To account for the spatial distribution of the electric field and charge concentration, the hybrid EMC/CA simulator is self-consistently coupled with a 2D and 3D multi-grid Poisson solver. The solver is then used to simulate the performance of a 40 nm gate length n-MOSFET structure.
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Sudha, C., D. Suresh et A. Nagesh. « A Review on Wireless Sensor Network Simulation Tools ». Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, S1 (5 novembre 2018) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.s1.1816.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) were increasing developing enthusiasm for as a long way returned as years; WSN assignments of a Every sensor network incorporates gazing and estimating sure marvels, as well as turning in collected data. Sensor network require applying distinctive strategies utilized in stressed out and wireless network. Simulation tool for wireless sensor system are steadily being utilized to contemplate sensor networks and to check new programs and Protocols in this developing research field. It is valuable to researcher to verify new though and dissect with proposed algorithm in virtual environment and assist to keep away from expensive hardware usage and time utilization too. This paper gives a whole overview and comparisons of various wireless sensor network simulators with the intention to help researchers with choosing the best simulator on hand for a selected application environment.
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Prasad, Hanuman, et Tanmoy Maity. « Modeling and reliability analysis of three phase z-source AC-AC converter ». Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, no 4 (20 décembre 2017) : 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0055.
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Abstract This paper presents the small signal modeling using the state space averaging technique and reliability analysis of a three-phase z-source ac-ac converter. By controlling the shoot-through duty ratio, it can operate in buck-boost mode and maintain desired output voltage during voltage sag and surge condition. It has faster dynamic response and higher efficiency as compared to the traditional voltage regulator. Small signal analysis derives different control transfer functions and this leads to design a suitable controller for a closed loop system during supply voltage variation. The closed loop system of the converter with a PID controller eliminates the transients in output voltage and provides steady state regulated output. The proposed model designed in the RT-LAB and executed in a field programming gate array (FPGA)-based real-time digital simulator at a fixedtime step of 10 μs and a constant switching frequency of 10 kHz. The simulator was developed using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL), making it versatile and moveable. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation results are presented to justify the MATLAB simulation results during supply voltage variation of the three phase z-source ac-ac converter. The reliability analysis has been applied to the converter to find out the failure rate of its different components.
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Kumar, Rajat, Divyanshu Divyanshu, Danial Khan, Selma Amara et Yehia Massoud. « Polymorphic Hybrid CMOS-MTJ Logic Gates for Hardware Security Applications ». Electronics 12, no 4 (10 février 2023) : 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040902.
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Various hardware security concerns, such as hardware Trojans and IP piracy, have sparked studies in the security field employing alternatives to CMOS chips. Spintronic devices are among the most-promising alternatives to CMOS devices for applications that need low power consumption, non-volatility, and ease of integration with silicon substrates. This article looked at how hardware can be made more secure by utilizing the special features of spintronics devices. Spintronic-based devices can be used to build polymorphic gates (PGs), which conceal the functionality of the circuits during fabrication. Since spintronic devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) offer non-volatile properties, the state of these devices can be written only once after fabrication for correct functionality. Symmetric circuits using two-terminal MTJs and three-terminal MTJs were designed, analyzed, and compared in this article. The simulation results demonstrated how a single control signal can alter the functionality of the circuit, and the adversary would find it challenging to reverse-engineer the design due to the similarity of the logic blocks’ internal structures. The use of spintronic PGs in IC watermarking and fingerprinting was also explored in this article. The TSMC 65nm MOS technology was used in the Cadence Spectre simulator for all simulations in this work. For the comparison between the structures based on different MTJs, the physical dimension of the MTJs were kept precisely the same.
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Padrah, Zoltan, Andra Pastrav, Tudor Palade, Ovidiu Ratiu et Emanuel Puschita. « Development and Validation of an ISA100.11a Simulation Model for Accurate Industrial WSN Planning and Deployment ». Sensors 21, no 11 (21 mai 2021) : 3600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113600.
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During the planning, design, and optimization of an industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN), the proposed solutions need to be validated and evaluated. To reduce the time and expenses, highly accurate simulators can be used for these tasks. This paper presents the development and experimental validation of an ISA100.11a simulation model for industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSN). To achieve high simulation accuracy, the ISA100.11a software stack running on two types of certified devices (i.e., an all-in-one gateway and a field device) is integrated with the ns-3 simulator. The behavior of IWSNs is analyzed in four different types of test scenarios: (1) through simulation using the proposed ISA100.11a simulation model, (2) on an experimental testbed using ISA100.11a certified devices, (3) in a Gateway-in-the-loop Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) scenario, and (4) in a Node-in-the-loop HIL scenario. Moreover, the scalability of the proposed simulation model is evaluated. Several metrics related to the timing of events and communication statistics are used to evaluate the behavior and performance of the tested IWSNs. The results analysis demonstrates the potential of the proposed model to accurately predict IWSN behavior.
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Ma, Jiaqi, Fang Zhou, Zhitong Huang, Christopher L. Melson, Rachel James et Xiaoxiao Zhang. « Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of Connected and Automated Vehicle Applications : A Use Case for Queue-Aware Signalized Intersection Approach and Departure ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no 22 (9 septembre 2018) : 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118793001.
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Most existing studies on connected and automated vehicle (CAV) applications apply simulation to evaluate system effectiveness. Model accuracy, limited data for calibration, and simulation assumptions limit the validity of evaluation results. One alternative approach is to use emerging hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing methods. HIL test environments enable physical test vehicles to interact with virtual vehicles from traffic simulation models, providing an evaluation environment that can replicate deployment conditions at early stages of CAV technology implementation without incurring excessive costs related to large field tests. In this study, a HIL testing system for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) CAV applications is developed. The involved software and hardware includes a physical CAV controlled in real time, a traffic signal controller, communication devices, and a traffic simulator (VISSIM). Such HIL systems increase validity by considering the physical vehicle’s trajectories—which are constrained by real-world factors such as GPS accuracy, communication delay, and vehicle dynamics—in a simulated traffic environment. The developed HIL system is applied to test a representative early deployment CAV application: queue-aware signalized intersection approach and departure (Q-SIAD). The Q-SIAD algorithm generates recommended speed profiles based on the vehicle’s status, signal phase and timing (SPaT), downstream queue length, and system constraints and parameters (e.g., maximum acceleration and deceleration). The algorithm also considers the status of other vehicles in designing the speed profiles. The experiment successfully demonstrated this functionality with one test CAV driving through one intersection controlled by a fixed-timing traffic signal under various simulated traffic conditions.
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Kawasaki, Haruhisa. « Special Issue on Analysis and Simulation Systems for Robotics and Mechatronics ». Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no 6 (20 décembre 1998) : 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0463.
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Superior analysis and simulation systems play an important part in robotics and mechatronics R&D. Developing apparatuses involves repeating planning, trial manufacture, experiments, analysis, and improvement. Simulation and analysis are now executed before trial manufacture, decreasing the number of trial manufacture, shortening development, and cutting development cost. Virtual reality is often applied to simulation, and commercialization without trial manufactures will eventually be possible. Most commercialized simulation software are being improved for general use based on software made by researchers because existing analysis and simulation do not function sufficiently and researchers are often required to develop their own analysis and simulation. Simulation developed for research thus may be used by many technical experts and researchers in the future. This special issue introduces seven reports on basic mechanism analysis developed to survey simulation research. Michisuke Jo et al. developed a mechanism kinetic analysis Motor Drive using FORTRAN and MATLAB. This article, entitled Kinematic Analysis of Mechanisms Using Motor Algebra and Graph Theory, considers kinematic analysis method using the latest drive version. Haruhisa Kawasaki et al. are developing robot analysis ROSAM II using C and Maple V. This article, entitled Symbolic Analysis of Robot Base Parameter Set Using Grobner-Basis, considers base parameter analysis of general robots with closed links. Hajime Morikawa et al. developed a robot simulator kinematically simulated by connecting graphic icons. This article, entitled Network-Based Robot Simulator Using Hierarchical Graphic Icons, considers construction of a robot simulator, kinetic analysis of multiple robot arms, dynamic analysis of forest trimmers, and an example applying remote control to space robots. Shigeki Toyama et al. developed general-use mechanism analysis simulator AI MOTION. This article, entitled Dynamic Autonomous Car Mobile Analysis Simulating Mechanical Systems Analysis, considers an autonomous car travel simulator dynamically modeling tires combined into AI MOTION. The simulator analyzes the connection of tire rigidity, car width, caster radius, and motion performance. Takayoshi Muto et al. developed dynamic behavior simulator BDSP for hydraulic systems. This article, entitled Software Package BDSP Developed to Simulate Hydraulic Systems, considers construction of BDSP that analyzes hydraulic systems using easy block diagrams. The simulator analyzes fluid line, nonlinear elements, and discrete time control. Shinichi Nakajima et al. developed a two-dimensional jaw movement simulator for clarifying the function of muscles in lower jaw motion. This article, entitled Development of 2-D Jaw Movement Simulator(JSN/SI), considers hardware and a control system for chewing food at a required force. Yoshiyuki Sankai et al., in Robot Objective Parallel Calculation and Real-time Control Using a Digital Signal Processor, consider parallel distributed and realtime control by DSP for constructing control in an actual robot. This issue discussed analysis and simulation developed for robotics and mechatronics R&D. Most systems are applicable to general-purpose situations. We hope this issue helps deepen the understanding of the status and applications of simulation research in mechatronics and promotes further development in the field.
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Tormo, Daniel, Ricardo Vidal-Albalate, Lahoucine Idkhajine, Eric Monmasson et Ramon Blasco-Gimenez. « Embedded Real-Time Simulator for Sensorless Control of Modular Multi-Level Converters ». Electronics 11, no 5 (25 février 2022) : 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050719.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper suggests the application of an embedded real-time simulator (eRTS) in the context of voltage–sensorless control of a modular multilevel power converter (MMC). This eRTS acts as an observer and ensures digital redundancy in the case of any fault occurring among the capacitor voltage sensors of the MMC submodules. Hence, in such a faulty situation, the MMC controller switches from the measured voltages to their estimated counterparts. As for the digital implementation, to ensure a high level of integration of the overall control system, the Xilinx Zynq-7020 system-on-chip field programmable gate array (SoC-FPGA) device was used. The controller was implemented in the hardwired ARM Cortex-A9 processor, with a 100 µs time step. Regarding the time-sensitive blocks (PWM, eRTS and measurements filtering), a full hardware implementation was privileged, using the FPGA fabric. The execution time of these blocks was 710 ns with a 100 MHz system clock, and the synchronization with the analog to digital acquisition chain was made with a 5 µs time resolution. The whole proof-of-concept system was experimentally tested, including the time/area evaluation of the implemented designs and the experimental validation of the eRTS estimations in both healthy and faulty scenarios.
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Gribova, V. V., et V. O. Strekalev. « TOOLKIT FOR IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL SIMULATORS WITH BIOFEEDBACK ». Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no 194 (août 2020) : 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2020.08.pp.019-028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The architecture of the instrumental complex for the creation and reproduction of immersive virtual simulators using biological feedback is proposed. An overview of existing solutions such as tools for the development and reproduction of virtual simulators is considered. The analysis of the use of virtual reality in different areas such as aircraft control, parachute jumping, various medical procedures, and operations which require preliminary preparation is considered. The concept of an immersive virtual simulator with biological feedback has been introduced. The use of virtual reality and biological feedback equipment as well as the applicability of the software-hardware complex in the field of interaction and control of objects of the virtual environment based on the state of a person and the state of objects are determined within its framework. The following principles of the instrumental complex development based on the use of the ontological approach are proposed: the use of various mechanisms to describe the learning scenario, the support for various control mechanisms of the simulator, the inclusion of specialists of different profiles in the development process of the simulator, and the automatic generation of the components of the virtual environment based on the declarative model of the virtual simulator to simplify the creation of a virtual environment. The description of the architecture and all interested participants is provided. The connections between the participants and the components of the tool complex are shown. The information and software components of the instrumental complex aimed at automating the process of creation, launch, control, and monitoring based on biological feedback are considered. A complex of ontologies is described: the ontology of an immersive virtual simulator with biological feedback and the ontology of knowledge about human states. The interfaces of the instrumental complex are demonstrated, such as interfaces of the equipment editor, monitoring tools, and launching tools.
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Gribova, V. V., et V. O. Strekalev. « TOOLKIT FOR IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL SIMULATORS WITH BIOFEEDBACK ». Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no 194 (août 2020) : 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2020.08.pp.019-028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The architecture of the instrumental complex for the creation and reproduction of immersive virtual simulators using biological feedback is proposed. An overview of existing solutions such as tools for the development and reproduction of virtual simulators is considered. The analysis of the use of virtual reality in different areas such as aircraft control, parachute jumping, various medical procedures, and operations which require preliminary preparation is considered. The concept of an immersive virtual simulator with biological feedback has been introduced. The use of virtual reality and biological feedback equipment as well as the applicability of the software-hardware complex in the field of interaction and control of objects of the virtual environment based on the state of a person and the state of objects are determined within its framework. The following principles of the instrumental complex development based on the use of the ontological approach are proposed: the use of various mechanisms to describe the learning scenario, the support for various control mechanisms of the simulator, the inclusion of specialists of different profiles in the development process of the simulator, and the automatic generation of the components of the virtual environment based on the declarative model of the virtual simulator to simplify the creation of a virtual environment. The description of the architecture and all interested participants is provided. The connections between the participants and the components of the tool complex are shown. The information and software components of the instrumental complex aimed at automating the process of creation, launch, control, and monitoring based on biological feedback are considered. A complex of ontologies is described: the ontology of an immersive virtual simulator with biological feedback and the ontology of knowledge about human states. The interfaces of the instrumental complex are demonstrated, such as interfaces of the equipment editor, monitoring tools, and launching tools.
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Thiele, M. R. R., R. P. P. Batycky, S. Pöllitzer et T. Clemens. « Polymer-Flood Modeling Using Streamlines ». SPE Reservoir Evaluation & ; Engineering 13, no 02 (19 avril 2010) : 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/115545-pa.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Summary The successful design of a polymer flood relies on the ability to properly model the in-situ distribution of polymer concentration while accounting for its effects on fluid properties such as increasing water viscosity as a function of polymer concentration and loss of polymer caused by adsorption. Despite advances in numerical techniques and computer hardware, the numerical modeling of polymer floods using Eulerian-based approaches such as finite difference (FD) remains a challenge: Coarse grids tend to excessively smear concentration fronts, masking the true impact of polymers; yet introducing finer grids inevitably leads to excessive run times, making the use of modern reservoir-engineering workflows unrealistic. This problem was already outlined by Lake et al. (1981). We revisit the same problem 30 years later in the context of modern streamline (SL) simulation techniques. We present the extension of modern SL simulation to field-scale polymer flooding, which represents a step change from the hybrid, 2D steady-state models used in the 1970s. We apply well-established physical models for polymer flooding to capture the displacement efficiency in 1D, and couple it with a 3D SL simulator to capture the interpattern sweep efficiency caused by well rates, reservoir architecture, and reservoir heterogeneity. Because modern 3D SL simulators account for changing well rates, nonuniform initial conditions, and gravity, adding polymer functionality means that real-field polymer floods can be modeled efficiently using SLs so as to be useful in modern reservoir-engineering workflows that center on assessing uncertainty and risk associated with design parameters and geological scenarios. In this paper, we proceed to outline the basic architecture of a SL simulator with a polymer option. The physics of polymer flooding is the same as that being used in established FD codes. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the formulation and present numerical experiments in 1D, 2D, and 3D to illustrate our results.
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Vavilapalli, Sridhar, Umashankar Subramaniam, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban et Frede Blaabjerg. « Design and Controller-In-Loop Simulations of a Low Cost Two-Stage PV-Simulator ». Energies 11, no 10 (16 octobre 2018) : 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102774.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A PV-Simulator is a DC power source in which the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of different PV arrays can be programmed. With a PV-simulator, the operation of the solar power conditioning systems can be validated at a laboratory level itself before actual field trials. In this work, design, operation and controls for a two-stage programmable PV-simulator required for the testing of solar power conditioning systems are presented. The proposed PV-simulator consists of a three-level T-type active front-end converter in the first stage and a buck-chopper-based DC-DC converter in the second stage. An active front-end rectifier using a three-level T-type IGBT-based converter is used at the input stage to help in operating the system at unity power factor. A DC-DC converter at the output stage of the simulator is regulated to obtain the I-V characteristics of the programmed PV-Array. Hardware-In-Loop simulations are carried out to validate the proposed system and the associated controls implemented in the controller. As a case study, this PV-simulator is programmed with electrical parameters of a selected PV-array and the characteristics obtained from the PV-simulator are compared with the actual PV-array characteristics. The dynamic response of the system for sudden changes in the load and sudden changes in irradiance values are studied.
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Yang, Bing, Xi Chen, Xiang Yun Liao, Mian Lun Zheng et Zhi Yong Yuan. « FEM-Based Modeling and Deformation of Soft Tissue Accelerated by CUSPARSE and CUBLAS ». Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (mars 2013) : 3200–3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.3200.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Realistic modeling and deformation of soft tissue is one of the key technologies of virtual surgery simulation which is a challenging research field that stimulates the development of new clinical applications such as the virtual surgery simulator. In this paper we adopt the linear FEM (Finite Element Method) and sparse matrix compression stored in CSR (Compressed Sparse Row) format that enables fast modeling and deformation of soft tissue on GPU hardware with NVIDIA’s CUSPARSE (Compute Unified Device Architecture Sparse Matrix) and CUBLAS (Compute Unified Device Architecture Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines) library. We focus on the CGS (Conjugate Gradient Solver) which is the mainly time-consuming part of FEM, and transplant it onto GPU with the two libraries mentioned above. The experimental results show that the accelerating method in this paper can achieve realistic and fast modeling and deformation simulation of soft tissue.
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Mourant, Ronald R., Najla Ahmad, Beverly K. Jaeger et Yingzi Lin. « Optic flow and geometric field of view in a driving simulator display ». Displays 28, no 3 (juillet 2007) : 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2007.04.011.
Texte intégral
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Gómez-Huélamo, Carlos, Javier Del Egido, Luis M. Bergasa, Rafael Barea, Elena López-Guillén, Felipe Arango, Javier Araluce et Joaquín López. « Train here, drive there : ROS based end-to-end autonomous-driving pipeline validation in CARLA simulator using the NHTSA typology ». Multimedia Tools and Applications 81, no 3 (3 décembre 2021) : 4213–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11681-7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractUrban complex scenarios are the most challenging situations in the field of Autonomous Driving (AD). In that sense, an AD pipeline should be tested in countless environments and scenarios, escalating the cost and development time exponentially with a physical approach. In this paper we present a validation of our fully-autonomous driving architecture using the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) protocol in the CARLA simulator, focusing on the analysis of our decision-making module, based on Hierarchical Interpreted Binary Petri Nets (HIBPN). First, the paper states the importance of using hyper-realistic simulators, as a preliminary help to real test, as well as an appropriate design of the traffic scenarios as the two current keys to build safe and robust AD technology. Second, our pipeline is introduced, which exploits the concepts of standard communication in robotics using the Robot Operating System (ROS) and the Docker approach to provide the system with isolation, flexibility and portability, describing the main modules and approaches to perform the navigation. Third, the CARLA simulator is described, outlining the steps carried out to merge our architecture with the simulator and the advantages to create ad-hoc driving scenarios for use cases validation instead of just modular evaluation. Finally, the architecture is validated using some challenging driving scenarios such as Pedestrian Crossing, Stop, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Unexpected Pedestrian. Some qualitative (video files: Simulation Use Cases) and quantitative (linear velocity and trajectory splitted in the corresponding HIBPN states) results are presented for each use case, as well as an analysis of the temporal graphs associated to the Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) cases, validating our architecture in simulation as a preliminary stage before implementing it in our real autonomous electric car.
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Saiful Nurdin, Dayana, Mohd Nazrin Md. Isa, Rizalafande Che Ismail et Muhammad Imran Ahmad. « High Performance Systolic Array Core Architecture Design for DNA Sequencer ». MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018) : 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815006009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper presents a high performance systolic array (SA) core architecture design for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequencer. The core implements the affine gap penalty score Smith-Waterman (SW) algorithm. This time-consuming local alignment algorithm guarantees optimal alignment between DNA sequences, but it requires quadratic computation time when performed on standard desktop computers. The use of linear SA decreases the time complexity from quadratic to linear. In addition, with the exponential growth of DNA databases, the SA architecture is used to overcome the timing issue. In this work, the SW algorithm has been captured using Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) and simulated using Xilinx ISIM simulator. The proposed design has been implemented in Xilinx Virtex -6 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and improved in the core area by 90% reduction.
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Hoteit, Hussein, et Adwait Chawathé. « Making Field-Scale Chemical Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Simulations a Practical Reality With Dynamic Gridding ». SPE Journal 21, no 06 (23 juin 2016) : 2220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169688-pa.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Summary Many improved-oil-recovery (IOR)/enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes such as chemical, miscible, and steamflooding are often associated with complex flow mechanisms that manifest at the displacement front. Viscous fingering, polymer/surfactant dilution, and mixing effects are some of these mechanisms. Accurate modeling of these phenomena requires simulations on high-resolution grids to properly capture the physics in the vicinity of the displacement front. Unfortunately, high grid resolutions incur longer simulation times. Thus, past efforts at running full-field gas or chemical EOR (CEOR) simulations were frequently deemed impractical. The advancement in computational power from software, hardware, and parallelism has indeed pushed the limits toward higher-resolution simulations. However, this may not be practical in work flows that require simulations on many models to manage uncertainties. Dynamic gridding is one approach that attempts to adjust the grid resolution as needed during the run time. No a priori knowledge is assumed regarding the fluid-flow pathways. The simulator can track the location of the displacement front, refine the neighborhood cells, and later coarsen them back as the front progresses. The advantage is reducing the number of gridblocks and, therefore, the computational time, compared with the fully refined grid, while preserving the fluid-flow physics. Although this technology is not new in reservoir simulation, there are persisting challenges in the existing methods related to the computational overhead associated with cell remapping, transmissibility recalculation, and grid upscaling and downscaling. A new dynamic-gridding functionality has successfully been implemented into our in-house simulator. The key achievements are: (1) eliminating grid remapping and transmissibility recalculation at the run time, (2) capturing heterogeneity associated with all levels of grid refinements, (3) modeling complex geology with nonuniform gridding, and (4) tracking multiple fronts associated with surfactant–polymer (SP) and chase-water slugs. We discuss how we overcame the bottlenecks to leverage this technology from prototypes to complex cases. We also demonstrate our method on prototypes and field cases under CEOR recovery processes.
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Kuvandykov, R. E., et A. A. Chernyshenko. « Modernization of the hardware and software complex of the national standards service in the area of pressure measurement technology for the calibration of vacuum gauges and development of a calibration simulator ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2059, no 1 (1 octobre 2021) : 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2059/1/012010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The article provides information about the functions and the algorithm of modernization of the software and hardware complex for automating the calibration process of vacuum gauges, offers software as a simulator for learning the procedure for calibrating vacuum gauges and effective training of testers. It is shown that in the department for national standards in the field of pressure measurement of D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology VNIIM. The modernization makes it possible to reduce the work intensity of the test procedure, to reduce the influence of the "human factor", to increase the work productivity of the inspector and to reduce the training time for inspectors in the field of vacuum measurements.
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Kovshov, E. E., et V. S. Kuvshinnikov. « Virtual reality as a tool for training specialists in the field of radiation non-destructive testing ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2094, no 3 (1 novembre 2021) : 032007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/3/032007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Organizational, technical and methodological approaches to the creation and application of virtual reality in additional education are considered. Particularly for use and development of a digital radiography simulator in non-destructive testing of products and materials. It is noted that virtual reality technologies are most widely used in training and knowledge testing of engineering and technical personnel and workers in production, as well as in technological preparation during complex and exacting operations, including products and materials testing. The pilot solutions obtained and tested to date allow us to evaluate the results of complex scientific research. The prospects of expanding the applicability range of software and hardware virtual reality solutions, including those based on network interfaces, protocols and telecommunications solutions, are determined.
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Dogru, A. H., H. A. Sunaidi, L. S. Fung, W. A. Habiballah, N. Al-Zamel et K. G. Li. « A Parallel Reservoir Simulator for Large-Scale Reservoir Simulation ». SPE Reservoir Evaluation & ; Engineering 5, no 01 (1 février 2002) : 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/75805-pa.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Summary A new parallel, black-oil-production reservoir simulator (Powers**) has been developed and fully integrated into the pre- and post-processing graphical environment. Its primary use is to simulate the giant oil and gas reservoirs of the Middle East using millions of cells. The new simulator has been created for parallelism and scalability, with the aim of making megacell simulation a day-to-day reservoir-management tool. Upon its completion, the parallel simulator was validated against published benchmark problems and other industrial simulators. Several giant oil-reservoir studies have been conducted with million-cell descriptions. This paper presents the model formulation, parallel linear solver, parallel locally refined grids, and parallel well management. The benefits of using megacell simulation models are illustrated by a real field example used to confirm bypassed oil zones and obtain a history match in a short time period. With the new technology, preprocessing, construction, running, and post-processing of megacell models is finally practical. A typical history- match run for a field with 30 to 50 years of production takes only a few hours. Introduction With the development of early parallel computers, the attractive speed of these computers got the attention of oil industry researchers. Initial questions were concentrated along these lines:Can one develop a truly parallel reservoir-simulator code?What type of hardware and programming languages should be chosen? Contrary to seismic, it is well known that reservoir simulator algorithms are not naturally parallel; they are more recursive, and variables display a strong dependency on each other (strong coupling and nonlinearity). This poses a big challenge for the parallelization. On the other hand, if one could develop a parallel code, the speed of computations would increase by at least an order of magnitude; as a result, many large problems could be handled. This capability would also aid our understanding of the fluid flow in a complex reservoir. Additionally, the proper handling of the reservoir heterogeneities should result in more realistic predictions. The other benefit of megacell description is the minimization of upscaling effects and numerical dispersion. The megacell simulation has a natural application in simulating the world's giant oil and gas reservoirs. For example, a grid size of 50 m or less is used widely for the small and medium-size reservoirs in the world. In contrast, many giant reservoirs in the Middle East use a gridblock size of 250 m or larger; this easily yields a model with more than 1 million cells. Therefore, it is of specific interest to have megacell description and still be able to run fast. Such capability is important for the day-to-day reservoir management of these fields. This paper is organized as follows: the relevant work in the petroleum-reservoir-simulation literature has been reviewed. This will be followed by the description of the new parallel simulator and the presentation of the numerical solution and parallelism strategies. (The details of the data structures, well handling, and parallel input/output operations are placed in the appendices). The main text also contains a brief description of the parallel linear solver, locally refined grids, and well management. A brief description of megacell pre- and post-processing is presented. Next, we address performance and parallel scalability; this is a key section that demonstrates the degree of parallelization of the simulator. The last section presents four real field simulation examples. These example cases cover all stages of the simulator and provide actual central processing unit (CPU) execution time for each case. As a byproduct, the benefits of megacell simulation are demonstrated by two examples: locating bypassed oil zones, and obtaining a quicker history match. Details of each section can be found in the appendices. Previous Work In the 1980s, research on parallel-reservoir simulation had been intensified by the further development of shared-memory and distributed- memory machines. In 1987, Scott et al.1 presented a Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) approach to reservoir simulation. Chien2 investigated parallel processing on sharedmemory computers. In early 1990, Li3 presented a parallelized version of a commercial simulator on a shared-memory Cray computer. For the distributed-memory machines, Wheeler4 developed a black-oil simulator on a hypercube in 1989. In the early 1990s, Killough and Bhogeswara5 presented a compositional simulator on an Intel iPSC/860, and Rutledge et al.6 developed an Implicit Pressure Explicit Saturation (IMPES) black-oil reservoir simulator for the CM-2 machine. They showed that reservoir models over 2 million cells could be run on this type of machine with 65,536 processors. This paper stated that computational speeds in the order of 1 gigaflop in the matrix construction and solution were achievable. In mid-1995, more investigators published reservoir-simulation papers that focused on distributed-memory machines. Kaarstad7 presented a 2D oil/water research simulator running on a 16384 processor MasPar MP-2 machine. He showed that a model problem using 1 million gridpoints could be solved in a few minutes of computer time. Rame and Delshad8 parallelized a chemical flooding code (UTCHEM) and tested it on a variety of systems for scalability. This paper also included test results on Intel iPSC/960, CM-5, Kendall Square, and Cray T3D.
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Idir, Abdelhakim, A. Ahriche, K. Khettab, Y. Bensafia et M. Kidouche. « Real time simulation of sensorless control based on back-EMF of PMSM on RT-Lab/ARTEMIS real-time digital simulator ». International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 8, no 4 (1 décembre 2019) : 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i4.pp269-278.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Real-time simulation (RT) is very useful for rapid prototyping of complex and expensive systems using the high performance of a multiprocessor system. It has many applications in the field of testing controllers and protection systems under real conditions. In this article, Real-time simulations results of sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are presented. This simulator consists of two major subsystems, software with a Matlab / Simulink and hardware including FPGA boards for data acquisition, control boards and sensors. The two subsystems were coordinated together to achieve the simulation RT. To estimate the rotor position, a sliding mode observer (SMO) based on back emfs of the motor was implemented. The stability of the proposed method was verified using the concept of Lyapunov. A real-time system based on FPGA, is used for implementing and testing the algorithm for rotor position estimation based on back-emf tracking.</p>
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Han, Soo-Bin, Hwanyeong Oh, Won-Yong Lee, Jinyeon Won, Suyong Chae et Jongbok Baek. « On-Line EIS Measurement for High-Power Fuel Cell Systems Using Simulink Real-Time ». Energies 14, no 19 (26 septembre 2021) : 6133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196133.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Impedance measurements by EIS are used to build a physical circuit-based model that enables various fault diagnostics and lifetime predictions. These research areas are becoming increasingly crucial for the safety and preventive maintenance of fuel cell power systems. It is challenging to apply the impedance measurement up to commercial applications at the field level. Although EIS technology has been widely used to measure and analyze the characteristics of fuel cells, EIS is applicable mainly at the single-cell level. In the case of stacks constituting a power generation system in the field, it is difficult to apply EIS due to various limitations in the high-power condition with uncontrollable loads. In this paper, we present a technology that can measure EIS on-line by injecting the perturbation current to fuel cell systems operating in the field. The proposed EIS method is developed based on Simulink Real-Time so that it can be applied to embedded devices. Modeling and simulation of the proposed method are presented, and the procedures from the simulation in virtual space to the real-time application to physical systems are described in detail. Finally, actual usefulness is shown through experiments using two physical systems, an impedance hardware simulator and a fuel cell stack with practical considerations.
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Scaioni, M., J. Crippa, V. Yordanov, L. Longoni, V. I. Ivanov et M. Papini. « SOME TOOLS TO SUPPORT TEACHING PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR SLOPE STABILITY ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (6 mars 2018) : 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-453-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper describes the use of some tool to help training of photogrammetry for applications in the field of landslide and slope stability assessment and monitoring. These tools have been used in classes of the MSc on Civil Eng. for Risk Mitigation at Politecnico di Milano university, Lecco (Italy). The first tools are hardware facilities. The first one consists of a ‘Landslide Simulator,’ where shallow landslides may be reproduced at small scale. Simulations are also used here for active-learning purpose. In particular, here the use of digital images to obtain multi-temporal information is presented. The second tool is a ‘Rock face 3D Modelling Simulator.’ This is used by students to learn how a photogrammetric block should be designed in order to reconstruct rock slopes using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry. The last to tools are software packages (CloudCompare and LIME) devoted to point cloud analysis (including change detection/ deformation analysis) and advanced visualization, respectively. The combination of these tools together with datasets from either lab and the real field, has been successfully tested to provide efficient training to students in an active-learning fashion.</p>
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Lee, Junmin, Daewook Kang et Jangmyung Lee. « A Study on the Improved Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation ». Electronics 8, no 10 (21 septembre 2019) : 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101070.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the power industry, hardware in-the-loop simulation (HILS) based on a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) is important technology for modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission. It is possible in real time to verify various fault situations that cannot be predicted by the software-in-the-loop simulation (SILS). This paper introduces the implementation methodology of sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage balancing for a MMC-HVDC physical control system based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which has the advantages of high-speed parallel operation and validates the reliability and accuracy of MMC-HVDC control when this control system is operated with RTDS. The characteristics of conventional capacitor voltage balancing methods, such as the nearest level control (NLC) with full sorting method, the NLC with reduced switching frequency method, and the tolerance band (TB) method, implemented on a physical control system based on this implementation methodology, are compared and analyzed. This paper proposes the improved capacitor voltage balancing method for MMC-HVDC transmission. Finally, the proposed capacitor voltage balancing method is compared with conventional methods to analyze performance in real-time to demonstrate that the proposed method is better than the conventional methods.
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Abd Rahman, Amirah, Kamilia Kamardin, Yoshihide Yamada et Masaharu Takahashi. « Near-field microwave focusing evaluation of dielectric lens antenna for human body model ». Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp161-173.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Various small focus spot applicators are being investigated for hyperthermia therapy, which requires microwave concentration to heat tumors in the human body. Dielectric lens antenna is frequency independent and has strong focusing capability to achieve a very small focusing spot. In this paper, lenses with diameters of 30, 50 and 70 cm were designed to evaluate the size of the focal spot in the human body model. The electromagnetic simulator, FEKO was used to generate rays and near-field focusing data of dielectric lenses at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The simulated focal spot sizes agreed well with the theoretical values. An analytical investigation into the power at the focal spot was conducted using the proposed power relations of the focused lens novel equation. The theoretical propagation loss is used to represent the power density degradation at the focal spot caused by microwave absorption by the human body. The simulation results of the focused lens in the human body indicated that the 30 cm lens achieved a larger focal spot with a greater focusing power, 0.714 mW compared to the 70 cm lens, which achieved a smaller focal spot but a lower focusing power, which was 0.393 mW.
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Rems, Florian, Heike Frei, Eicke-Alexander Risse et Matthias Burri. « 10-Year Anniversary of the European Proximity Operations Simulator 2.0—Looking Back at Test Campaigns, Rendezvous Research and Facility Improvements ». Aerospace 8, no 9 (24 août 2021) : 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8090235.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Completed in 2009, the European Proximity Operations Simulator 2.0 (EPOS 2.0) succeeded EPOS 1.0 at the German Space Operations Center (GSOC). One of the many contributions the old EPOS 1.0 facility made to spaceflight rendezvous is the verification of the Jena-Optronik laser-based sensors used by the Automated Transfer Vehicle. While EPOS 2.0 builds upon its heritage, it is a completely new design aiming at considerably more complex rendezvous scenarios. During the last ten years, GSOC’s On-Orbit-Servicing & Autonomy group, who operates, maintains and evolves EPOS 2.0, has made numerous contributions to the field of uncooperative rendezvous, using EPOS as its primary tool. After general research in optical navigation in the early 2010s, the OOS group took a leading role in the DLR project “On-Orbit-Servicing End-to-End Simulation” in 2014. EPOS 2.0 served as the hardware in the loop simulator of the rendezvous phase and contributed substantially to the project’s remarkable success. Over the years, E2E has revealed demanding requirements, leading to numerous facility improvements and extensions. In addition to the OOS group’s research work, numerous and diverse open-loop test campaigns for industry and internal (DLR) customers have shaped the capabilities of EPOS 2.0 significantly.
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Pan, Sisi, Wei Jiang, Ming Li, Hua Geng et Jieyun Wang. « Evaluation of the Communication Delay in a Hybrid Real-Time Simulator for Weak Grids ». Energies 15, no 6 (19 mars 2022) : 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062255.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Real-time Simulation (RTS) is one of the effective means via which to study device level or system level dynamics, such as power converter online testing, evaluation, and control, and power system stability analysis. The RTS -enabled design-chain offers a time -effective, low-cost, and fail-safe development process. As the penetration of renewable energy is becoming higher, the demand in hybrid system real-time simulation becomes imperative, where fast-dynamic device level power converters and slow -dynamic large -scale power systems are simulated at the same time. This paper introduces a novel hybrid real-time simulation architecture based on the central processing unit (CPU) and the field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Compared with the off-the-shelf power system real-time simulation system, it offers both wide time scale simulation and high accuracy. The multi-time scale model can perform electromechanical electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation, which can be applied to the research of power systems penetrated with power converters. In the proposed simulation platform, the communication delay is introduced when different RTS platforms exchange real-time data. The communication delay should be considered in the stability analysis of the grid-connected inverters in a weak grid environment. Based on the virtual impedance characteristic formed by the control loop with and without communication delay, the impedance characteristics are analyzed and inter-simulator delay impacts are revealed in this paper. Theoretical analysis indicates that the communication delay, contrary to expectation, can improve the virtual impedance characteristics of the system. With the same hardware simulation parameters, the grid-converter system is verified on both the Typhoon system alone and the Typhoon-dSPACE-SpaceR hybrid simulation platform. The THD value of grid current in a weak grid environment that works in the Typhoon system is 4.98%, and 2.38% in the Typhoon-dSPACE-SpaceR hybrid simulation platform. This study eventually reveals the fact that the inter-simulation delay creates the illusion that the control system built in the novel hybrid real-time simulation is more stable under weak grid conditions.
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TREW, R. J., et M. W. SHIN. « HIGH FREQUENCY, HIGH TEMPERATURE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS FABRICATED FROM WIDE BAND GAP SEMICONDUCTORS ». International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 06, no 01 (mars 1995) : 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156495000067.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Electronic and optical devices fabricated from wide band gap semiconductors have many properties ideal for high temperature, high frequency, high power, and radiation hard applications. Progress in wide band gap semiconductor materials growth has been impressive and high quality epitaxial layers are becoming available. Useful devices, particularly those fabricated from SiC, are rapidly approaching the commercialization stage. In particular, MESFETs (MEtal Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors) fabricated from wide band gap semiconductors have the potential to be useful in microwave power amplifier and oscillator applications. In this work the microwave performance of MESFETs fabricated from SiC, GaN and semiconducting diamond is investigated with a theoretical simulator and the results compared to experimental measurements. Excellent agreement between the simulated and measured data is obtained. It is demonstrated that microwave power amplifiers fabricated from these semiconductors offer superior performance, particularly at elevated temperatures compared to similar components fabricated from the commonly employed GaAs MESFETs.
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Germani, Lorenzo, Vanni Mecarelli, Giuseppe Baruffa, Luca Rugini et Fabrizio Frescura. « An IoT Architecture for Continuous Livestock Monitoring Using LoRa LPWAN ». Electronics 8, no 12 (1 décembre 2019) : 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121435.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Internet of Things (IoT) architecture is quickly becoming popular even outside of its originating scenario of home automation. This paper reports the design, implementation, and performance of an IoT hardware and software architecture conceived for the continuous monitoring of livestock located in barns and during grazing. We have adopted the LoRa low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology to cover the diverse environments, and a suitable configuration of web services to perform data storage, analysis, and visualization. Since the LoRa LPWAN (LoRaWAN) medium access control (MAC) layer does not provide a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism, we propose a custom MAC layer with LBT-based carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). The devised system has been implemented using off-the-shelf hardware, and its performance has also been estimated with the help of a C++ event-based simulator. The preliminary results of our HW implementation on the field confirm the stability of the conceived system and its reliability.
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Kanchwala, Husain. « ORES : a chassis dynamometer for off-road vehicles ». Mechanics & ; Industry 22 (2021) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2021004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Off-Road Environment Simulator (ORES) is a Real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop (RT-HIL) platform to simulate the dynamic response of off-road vehicles. This paper primarily focuses on the vehicle model development and validation using both field and rig testing using the ORES platform. Off-road vehicles are capable of operating on bumpy terrains where they are subjected to different resistive wheel torques due to non-unique ground friction conditions and wheel loads. If the powertrain torque output is not distributed in accordance with the resistive wheel torques, it may lead to transmission windup resulting in premature failure of various driveline components. In this study, the vehicle is driven over discrete bumps both in rig simulation and field trial. Different terrain enveloping models were evaluated namely the single point, radial-spring contact model and two-point follower (using circular and sinusoidal basis). These models were evaluated against the measured wheel acceleration responses. The two-point follower with sinusoidal basis strongly correlates with the measured responses and the ground excitations so obtained were used as inputs to a seven degree-of-freedom vehicle ride model. Ride model calculates the wheel loads and is eventually integrated with longitudinal dynamics, tire, driveline and test-rig models. Vehicle axle acceleration, wheel speed and drive torque responses are measured for validating the simulation results against field and rig trials. The field responses matches fairly well which validates the suitability of the proposed modeling approach.
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Singh, Vijay Kumar, et Ravi Nath Tripathi. « An FPGA Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for Comprehensive Analysis and Development of Grid-Connected VSI System ». Energies 16, no 2 (9 janvier 2023) : 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020759.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Power electronic converters are used for an efficient and controlled conversion of power generated from renewable energy sources and can interface generated power to the grid. Among available power converters, voltage source inverters (VSIs) have been widely employed for grid-connected applications due to better controllability with higher efficiency. Although various conventional, as well as modern control techniques, have been developed for grid connected VSI system, there is a need to select suitable control technique based on application and control requirements. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) is considered as a realistic approach for the development of system and control due to the inclusion of an actual hardware system. In this paper, a HIL approach is adopted for the comprehensive analysis and development of a grid connected VSI system using a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The control techniques must deal with trade-off, based on the features and limitations. Therefore, a grid-connected VSI system is developed considering employment of two different conventional control techniques: hysteresis current control (HCC) and PI-based space vector modulation (PI-SVM), as well as finite state model predictive control (FS-MPC) as a modern control technique for investigation considering different parameters. All three control systems are developed through a digital simulator of Xilinx that is integrated with MATLAB-Simulink, while considering an FPGA based system development and testing through FPGA HIL co-simulation methodology.
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Gámiz, F., J. B. Roldán et J. A. López-Villanueva. « A β-SiC MOSFET Monte Carlo Simulator Including Inversion Layer Quantization ». VLSI Design 8, no 1-4 (1 janvier 1998) : 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/94915.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Electron transport properties in SiC quantized inversion layers have been studied by means of a Monte Carlo procedure. It has been observed that the contribution of polaroptical phonon scattering produces a significant influence of the effective-electric field on the high longitudinal field transport regime, this being the main difference of SiC with respect to standard Si inversion layers. The energy- and momentum-relaxation times have been calculated and the results suggest that electron velocity overshoot effects are less important than in Si MOSFETs. The electron mobility is not very different from their silicon counterparts, but the saturation velocity is higher.
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Yan, Qixiang, Ibrahim Adamu Tasiu, Hong Chen, Yuting Zhang, Siqi Wu et Zhigang Liu. « Design and Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation of Fuzzy-Based Proportional-Integral Control for the Traction Line-Side Converter of a High-Speed Train ». Energies 12, no 21 (26 octobre 2019) : 4094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214094.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Power quality is one of many issues affecting the traction power supply system. Prominent among the causes of poor power quality is voltage low-frequency oscillation (VLFO). In this paper, a fuzzy-based PI (FPI) controller to optimize the performance of the traction line-side converter (TLSC) and suppress the effect of VLFO is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of China’s railway high-speed five single-phase TLSC is developed, and then the FPI control unit is designed based on specific requirements. The fuzzy antecedent and consequence rules were generated based on the expert and previous knowledge of TLSC operation. An offline simulation of the proposed control scheme under different loads and parameters is conducted to verify the designed. To validate the model, the traction power supply system (TPS) is built on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) real-time digital simulator (FPGA-RTDS), while the FPI control algorithm is load on modeling tech rapid control prototyping (RCP) real-time digital controller (RTDC). Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), and offline simulation studies between current decoupling (PI) control, sliding mode control (SMC), and the proposed control method confirms in addition to excellent dynamic performance; the proposed method can successfully suppress the effect of VLFO.
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Abo-Elftooh, Bassam A., Mohamed H. El-Mahlawy et Mahmoud E. A. Gadallah. « Efficient Computerized-Tomography Reconstruction Using Low-Cost FPGA-DSP Chip ». Electronics ETF 21, no 1 (14 juillet 2017) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1721012a.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, filtered back-projection algorithm is optimally implemented using low-cost Spartan 3A-DSP 3400 chip. The optimization enables parallel implementation. The combination of the pixel parallelism and projection parallelism is presented to significantly reduce the total reconstruction time to produce the image. The applied data is presented in fixed point format to achieve efficient implementation with maximum speed. The selection of data bus-width is optimized with very little error and good visual quality required for medical images. Before implementation, the computer tomography ( CT ) reconstruction simulator is developed to provide a testing reference for the hardware implementation. Using the combination of the pixel parallelism and projection parallelism, the presented hardware design achieves image reconstruction of a 512-by-512 pixel image from 1024 projections in 134. 8ms using 50 MHz clock cycles. It achieves the reduction of the required number of clock cycles to form an image from projections by 60 % comparing to the state of the art of the reconstruction time using field programmable gate array ( FPGA ) design.
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Suo, Chunguang, Jingjing Zhao, Xuehua Wu, Zhipeng Xu, Wenbin Zhang et Mingxing He. « Partial Discharge Detection Technology for Switchgear Based on Near-Field Detection ». Electronics 12, no 2 (9 janvier 2023) : 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020336.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In view of the fact that the partial discharge (PD) signal energy is mainly concentrated below hundreds of megahertz, the ultra-high frequency part of the energy is weak, and the interior space of the switchgear is narrow, this paper proposes a new method for PD detection of the switchgear based on near-field detection. Firstly, based on the principle of PD, the field characteristics of the signal in the switchgear are analyzed. After that, the probe is designed with an electric small loop structure. Based on its equivalent circuit, its measurement principle and amplitude frequency characteristics are analyzed. The influence of probe size and material on amplitude frequency characteristics is obtained by using simulation software High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), and the probe parameters suitable for PD detection in the switchgear are determined. Finally, the performance of the probe is measured by network analyzer, and the PD signal is tested on the simulated PD test platform. The results show that the probe works in the frequency band of 10–200 MHz and can receive PD signals containing more energy information. In the operating frequency band, the reflection coefficient of the probe port is very large, and its interference to the signal near field is particularly small. The probe also has good frequency response characteristics, and the fluctuation in the frequency band is less than 5 dB, which can obtain more accurate PD signal characteristics in subsequent processing. In addition, the probe is passive, with dimensions of 166 mm in length, 104 mm in width, and 2 mm in thickness, which is suitable for placing in the switchgear with small internal space. The results of PD receiving test show that the probe can reflect the occurrence of PD remarkably and accurately.
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Ramey, S., et R. Khoie. « Formulation of a Self-Consistent Model for Quantum Well pin Solar Cells : Dark Behavior ». VLSI Design 8, no 1-4 (1 janvier 1998) : 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/61791.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A self-consistent numerical simulation model for a pin single-cell solar cell is formulated. The solar cell device consists of a p–AlGaAs region, an intrinsic i–AlGaAs/GaAs region with several quantum wells, and a n–AlGaAs region. Our simulator solves a field-dependent Schrödinger equation self-consistently with Poisson and drift-diffusion equations. The field-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved using the transfer matrix method. The eigenfunctions and eigenenergies obtained are used to calculate the escape rate of carriers from the quantum wells, the capture rates of carriers by the wells, the absorption spectra in the wells, and the non-radiative recombination rates of carriers in the quantum wells. These rates are then used in a self-consistent finite-difference numerical Poisson-drift-diffusion solver. We believe this is the first such comprehensive model ever reported.