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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Hardne »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Hardne"

Gyurkó, Zoltán, et Adorján Borosnyói. « Brinell-hardness testing and discrete element modelling of hardened concrete ». Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 67, n^o 1 (2015) : 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2015.2.

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Weel, A. N. H. « Harde heelmeesters ? » Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde 14, n^o 10 (octobre 2006) : 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03074471.

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van Hoffen, Marieke. « 'Harde' risico's ». TBV – Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde 30, n^o 7-8 (31 octobre 2022) : 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12498-022-2021-6.

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Harden, Alessandra Ramos de Oliveira, et Theo Harden. « Uma viagem para nunca esquecer : traduzindo o olhar europeu sobre a Amazônia Brasileira ». Cadernos de Tradução 41, esp (8 décembre 2021) : 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2021.e84943.

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Ren, Bao Chen, Ya Hui Wang et Wen Bin Wu. « Study on Surface Modification of Feed Bulking Machine Extuding Screw ». Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (octobre 2010) : 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.475.

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Ionitrriding and plasma arc surface quenching are seprately used to harden screw surface for settling the wearing problem of bulking machine extruding screw during the feed production process in the paper.The results indicate that surface hardness is incresed 1～2times and the depth of harden layer is about 0.15～0.3 millimeter by ionitrding,but plasma arc surface quenching can improve the surface hardness of screw 2～3times, and the depth of harden layer is about 0.2～0.45 millimeter. Metallurgical structure of harden layer is also analysed and discussed.

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Ma, Zhuang, Ke Ming Liu et Lian Yong Zhang. « Study on the Structure of Grind-Hardened Layer and Parameter of Hardening Depth of 42CrMo Steel ». Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (février 2011) : 969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.969.

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Grind-hardening test were performed on MM7132 surface grinder with corundum grinder wheel in the mesh of 60#. The result shows that the structure of grind-hardened layer is composed with lath martensite and small mixed martensite; the depths of grind-harden layer is largest when the grind depth is 0.3mm, while the depths of grind-harden layer decreased when the grind depth is 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm,respectively. The range of microhardness of grind-harden layer is from 754 to 853. The depths of grind-harden layer along the direction of working appeared ladderly.

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Keller, Sarah L., et Alvin L. Kwiram. « Harden Marsden McConnell ». Physics Today 68, n^o 9 (septembre 2015) : 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.2922.

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Hardie, R. « John Blair Hardie ». British Dental Journal 206, n^o 4 (février 2009) : 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.130.

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Thomas, David D., Betty J. Gaffney et O. Hayes Griffith. « Harden M. McConnell ». Biophysical Journal 64, n^o 3 (mars 1993) : 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81415-2.

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Davenport, R. J. « Harden My Heart ». Science of Aging Knowledge Environment 2005, n^o 16 (20 avril 2005) : nf29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sageke.2005.16.nf29.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Hardne"

RESTA, FEDERICA. « Integrated Read-out Front-end for High-Energy Physics Experiments ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/158121.

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Le ricerche e le scoperte fatte nell'ambito della fisica sono fortemente dipendenti dall'efficienza e dall'affidabilità degli esperimenti ad alta energia. L'obiettivo principale è lo studio delle particelle che costituiscono la materia in termini di cariche elementari, loro interazioni e prodotti secondari che ne possono derivare. L'LHC (Large Hadron Collider) lavora al CERN ogni giorno con l’obiettivo di scoprire nuovi dettagli su particelle cariche come neutroni e Bosoni di Higgs. Queste sono generate e accelerate all’interno dell’LHC e vengono rilevate da opportuni detector organizzati in una struttura a shell. In questo modo, è possibile avere una caratterizzazione in termini di momento, carica elettrica, energia, tempo di volo e distanza associati alla particella rilevata. La progettazione dei rilevatori è importante come anche quella dell’elettronica vicina. Un grande esperimento richiede un duro lavoro di scienziati e ingegneri. Negli ultimi anni, l’elettronica è sempre più efficiente e compatta grazie alla sostituzione dei componenti discreti con circuiti integrati CMOS. La progettazione deve essere però fatta considerando sia le reti di interfacciamento con i sensori sia l’ambiente radiattivo circostante. Le radiazioni, infatti, possono modificare parzialmente o totalmente le performance e la scelta della tecnologia scalata può però essere di grande aiuto. In questo scenario, sono stati progettati, integrati e misurati 3 circuiti di lettura per esperimenti di fisica delle alte energie. 2 prototipi sono stati realizzati in tecnologia 130nm per l'esperimento ATLAS in collaborazione dell’Istituto Max-Plank di Monaco. Questi prototipi sono pensati per rilevare cariche fino a 100fC e convertirle in un segnale di tensione di ampiezza variabile che sarà processato in digitale per avere informazioni sull’istante di arrivo della carica e sulla sua intensità. A tal fine, gli integrati hanno uno stadio di discriminazione ed un Wilkinson ADC in grado di convertire in un tempo il segnale in tensione ricevuto. Il secondo prototipo è molto simile al primo. Esso è stato migliorato principalmente per poter essere più immune ai disturbi provenienti da masse e alimentazioni. Il terzo circuito presentato in questa tesi è un sistema di lettura progettato per Pixel detectors in tecnologia CMOS 28nm. Il canale integrato include un preamplificatore di carica con un comparatore in cascata. L'utilizzo della tecnologia 28nm con la sua ridotta alimentazione comporta una serie di difficoltà nella progettazione ma anche una maggiore resistenza alle radiazioni, consumi ridotti e una minor area occupata. I circuiti sono stati progettati per due differenti scenari in termini di capacità parassita del rilevatore, cariche di ingresso rilevabili, alimentazioni, soglie, consumi di potenza e rumore. In tutti i casi, però, i sistemi sono in grado di fornire le informazioni sulla carica rilevata in tempi relativamente rapidi (entro 25ns). Questo aspetto è molto importante e permette di evitare errori. Collisioni successive potrebbe causare segnali spuri e si potrebbe rilevare come unico evento due eventi distinti e consecutivi. Questo lavoro è organizzato come segue. La Parte I include una breve introduzione sull'intera attività svolta nei tre anni di attività di ricerca. La Parte II è dedicata alla descrizione semplificata del campo di applicazione ed ai target previsti per i prossimi esperimenti di fisica. In particolare, sono forniti alcuni dettagli su come l'elettronica può essere influenzata dalla presenza delle radiazioni. Le parti III e IV rappresentano il core della tesi perché mirano all'analisi dettagliata dei circuiti progettati e descritti precedentemente in maniera generica. L'analisi prevede una caratterizzazione completa degli integrati con simulazioni e misure. Infine, prima di concludere, la Parte V è dedicata alla pubblicazioni correlate all'attività di ricerca.
Physic researches and discoveries depend heavily from efficient and reliability of the High-Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. The main goal is to study the fundamental constituents of the matter in terms of elementary charge particles, their interactions and their secondary products. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN works every day to discover details on new charged particles as neutrinos and Higgs Bosons. Charges are generated and accelerated from beam collisions inside the LHC. Different detectors are organized in shell structures and are designed to detect few particles topology. Typically, the parameters useful to identify a charged particle are momentum, electrical charge, energy, time of flight and distance. Detectors design is important but it is enhanced from proper electronic readout systems. In the last years, electronics parts are more and more efficient and compact. CMOS integrated solution are preferred to discrete one allowing major reliability, cost reduction and performance improvement. The design is not trivial but not impossible. Some characteristics depend on the electronic designer and his capability to manage the external parasitic effects, as the parasitic capacitance of the connected detector. Unfortunately, phenomena as radiation effects on electronics must be taken in account but they are not completely eliminated. CMOS technology influences strongly the integrated circuit performance and radiation hardness. In this scenario, 3 readout frontend circuits for HEP experiments have been designed, integrated and measured. 2 of them represent 2 different prototypes realized in IBM 130nm technology for ATLAS experiment at CERN laboratory with Max-Plank Institute for Physics collaboration. They include an analog chain in cascade with a digital one. Input charges (up to 100fC) are detected and converted into voltage signals. Their amplitude are proportional to the input and are sent to the following digital part. The digital part provides information about arrival time and amount of the input charge. When the discriminator switches, an event is detected and the Wilkinson ADC starts the voltage-to-time conversion. The full chips have a JTAG section to manage all programmable parameters (i.e. thresholds, hysteresis, deadtime, etc.) The second prototype is designed improving the previous version in terms of supply rejection noise, deadtime range and hysteresis management. The third circuit presented in this thesis is the first readout frontend for Pixel detectors in 28nm technology. The channel includes a charge sensitive preamplifier with an inverter switched based comparator. Reduced supply voltage and 28nm technology imply some difficult in the design with a major tolerance to the radiations, a lower area occupancy and a lower power consumption. The circuits are been designed for 2 different scenarios in terms of detector parasitic capacitance, detectable input charges, supply voltage, threshold voltage, power consumption and noise. In overall cases, the integrated systems provide information about amount of detected input charge and arrival time within 25ns. This aspect is very important and allows avoiding mistakes. Successive collisions lead to spurious signals presence and a single detection could have information about two different events. Maintaining the processing time within 25ns, consecutive collisions are detected as different events. This work is organized as follows. Part I includes a brief summary of the entire work in order to fix the goals of my activities. Then, the Part II is dedicated on a simplified description of the application field and the next target of the future experiments. In particular, some details on the effects induced by the radiation to integrated electronic component are provided. Part III and Part IV represent the core, including 3 readout frontend circuits design and measurements. Finally, there are correlated publications and conclusions.

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Riceputi, Elisa (ORCID:0000-0002-0542-553X). « Design and Test of Imaging and Particle Detection Microelectronic System for Frontier Research Applications ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/105286.

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Over the last decades, the use of CMOS integrated circuits has largely diffused in many different fields and, in particular, in the readout of radiation detectors. Among the advantages of an integrated CMOS technology, high integration density, capability of handling large data rates, small form factor and last but not least, high radiation resistance are crucial to meet the demanding specifications of modern physics experiments using high granularity detectors. In a well studied realization of an analog readout channel for a radiation detector, three foundamentals steps are needed: - 1 - characterization of the CMOS nanoscale technology that will be adopted to design the analog channel; - 2 - desing and simulation of the circuit; - 3 - characterization and validation of the final chip. Nanoscale CMOS technology are provided with detailed models capable of perfectly describing the behavior of the transistors for digital applications. Models describing transistors characteristics for analog applications can be not so accurate as far as noise and radiation effects are concerned. In particular noise characteristics, and above all flicker noise, are stongly dependent on the technology, thus an in-depth characterization is needed. Moreover, normally, there are no information regarding the radiation hardness of the technology, thus a detailed analysis at the expected radiation doseis needed depending on the scope of the electronic readout. Once these peculiar aspects of the chosen technology are defined and analyzed, it is possible to move forward to the second step: design and simulate the circuit meeting the specifications required from the application. Last but not least, there is the characterization and the validation of the final chip. This step has the goal of verifying the correct functioning of the system. Such phase could also highlight some problems of the designed circuits that ideal simulation did not point out, so that the designers will be able to cope such with defects in the following production steps. Usually, chip development is not carried out only by one work group, but with a collaboration of different Universities and Institutions. In this thesis, all these steps were taken into account for three different projects: RD53, GAPS and DSSC. All these 3 projects require the design and test of custom integrated circuit for the readout of silicon pixel or strip detectors, with avdanced analog signal processing features providing a low noise performance. Additional requirements such as radiation hardness may depending on the application, as discussed in the following chapters. In particular, the first part of the work provides an extensive analysis of total dose effects in devices belonging to a commercial 65 nm and 110 nm CMOS process, in the context of designing rad-hard analog integrated circuits for front-end applications in future colliders. This activity has been carried out in the framework of the RD53 collaboration. The aim of this project is to design the next generation of hybrid pixel readout chips for the silicon vertex inner tracker of the ATLAS and CMS detectors of the Lrge Hadron collider (LHC) at CERN facility. The second part of the work concerns the design of the analog reading channel of a novel cosmic antideuteron detector. This work is carried out for the GAPS project that has the aim to realize a novel approach for indirect dark matter searches. NASA approved GAPS's proposal in September 2016. GAPS experiments is the result of the collaboration of different Universities and Institutes, e.g. MIT, UCLA, INFN and others. The balloon launch is expected by the end of year 2020 from the McMurdo station in Antarctica. The third part of the work regards the characterization of silicon pixel detectors for DSSC project at European XFEL. The last part of this thesis presents the characterization of the readout ASIC functionality and the backside current of the first and second prototype of the bare modules of such project.

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CAGLIERO, ROBERTO. « Macro instrumented indentation test for structural materials : experimental and numerical methods ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2641542.

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La prova di penetrazione strumentata è stata recentemente proposta per la misura delle proprietà meccaniche di materiali metallici e ceramici, micro e nano-strutturati, mediante campioni di piccole dimensioni. La ISO 14577 specifica il metodo di prova per ricavare il modulo elastico e la durezza Vickers di penetrazione per il campo di misura macro (forze > 2 N). Tale campo, tuttora parzialmente inesplorato, permette di ricavare le proprietà meccaniche massive dei materiali perché la dimensione dell’impronta è in genere maggiore delle caratteristiche microstrutturali. La riferibilità metrologica non è però garantita a causa della mancanza dei relativi blocchetti di riferimento. Vari esperimenti sono stati condotti su un durometro prototipo in grado di applicare forze fino a 2500 N su diversi tipi di acciai e su una lega intermetallica a base gamma TiAl. Gli esperimenti sono stati programmati secondo lo schema del quadrato latino per separare i possibili effetti dovuti allo strumento e al materiale testato. Metodi statistici hanno consentito l'individuazione di errori sistematici e outlier. Successivamente, l'applicazione della GUM ha consentito l'espressione delle incertezze sia dei metodi di misura prescritti dalla ISO 14577 che di ulteriori metodi qui proposti per evitare alcuni svantaggi dei metodi normati. Un’approfondita analisi del comportamento meccanico dei materiali è stata condotta combinando gli esperimenti con l'analisi agli elementi finiti. In particolare, è stato indagato il comportamento elasto-plastico degli acciai in presenza di attrito, è stata ottimizzata la risposta del durometro prototipo (correzione del punto zero) ed è stato valutato l’effetto della microstruttura (dimensione del grano e densità di dislocazioni) sull'andamento delle curve di penetrazione al variare della velocità di deformazione.

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Gedin, Emanuel. « Hardness of showing hardness of the minimum circuit size problem ». Thesis, KTH, Teoretisk datalogi, TCS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232218.

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The problem of finding the smallest size of a circuit that computes a given boolean function, usually referred to as the minimum circuit size problem (MCSP), has been studied for many years but it is still unknown whether or not the problem is NP-hard. With this in mind we study properties of potential reductions to this problem. The reductions in focus are local natural reductions which has been common in other well-known proofs of NP-hardness. We present a generalized method that shows the existence of an algorithm solving any problem which has a local natural reduction to MCSP. In particular we show that if the decision problem of distinguishing satisfiable 3-SAT instances from those where at most 7/8 + o(1) of the clauses can be satisfied has a reduction to MCSP where any arbitrary bit of the output can be computed in O(n1 - ε) time for any ε > 0 then k-SAT can be solved by a circuit of depth 3 and size 2o(n).
Problemet att finna den minsta storleken på en krets som beräknar en given boolesk funktion, ofta kallat minimum circuit size problem (MCSP), har studerats i många år men det är fortfarande okänt om problemet är NP-svårt eller inte. Med detta i åtankte studerar vi egenskaper hos potentiella reduktioner till det här problemet. Vi fokuserar på naturliga lokala reduktioner som är vanliga i många bevis av NP-svårighet. Vi presenterar en method som visar att det finns en algorithm för att lösa varje problem som har en lokal naturlig reduktion till MCSP. Vi visar att om beslutsproblemet att skilja satisfierbara instanser av 3-SAT från de där som mest 7/8 + o(1) av klausulerna går att satisfiera har en reduktion till MCSP där en godtycklig bit av utdata kan beräknas i O(n1 - ε) tid för varje ε > 0 då kan k-SAT lösas av en krets med djup 3 och storlek 2o(n).

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Budík, Tomáš. « Zakružovačka na Hardox ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231242.

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This work describes the design of a dedicated three-rolls hydraulic bending for Hardox 500 without the possibility of bending sheet metal for the manufacture of pipes. The work will analyze the problem of proposed three-rolls bending, bending technology and creating of the pre-bending, the design of the adjusting hydraulic servo-cylinder, planetary gearboxes with hydraulic motors to drive the bottom rollers, a partial draft of the hydraulic circuit and the complete frame structure of bending machine with its covers.

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Click, Sally Evelyn. « Melvene Draheim Hardee music maker and dreamer of dreams / ». Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1237838404.

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Arana, Miranda Rodrigo, Ward Adrian Benavides, Takamura Ricardo Andrés Jiménez, Mori Willy Roosevelt Vásquez et Rodríguez Pamela Carolina Vital. « Harina de grillo - Crickie ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652248.

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Las tendencias en la actualidad indican un aumento en el consumo de productos orgánicos debido a una mayor preocupación en las personas por cambiar su dieta y cuidar su salud. Aquello hace que las personas estén más dispuestas a buscar constantemente productos con un alto contenido nutricional y propiedades beneficiosas, así como a averiguar acerca de alternativas distintas a las tradicionales y estar dispuestos a desembolsar una mayor cantidad de dinero para adquirir dichos productos. A raíz de ello surge Crickie, dicho producto es una harina de grillo de alta calidad que es bastante útil para los deportistas o personas con un estilo de saludable que buscan consumir un insumo que tenga un alto contenido proteico, sostenible con el medioambiente y diferente a las alternativas tradicionales de suplementos en el mercado. En el trabajo que estamos realizando se procederá a desarrollar una investigación con el fin de ver la viabilidad y rentabilidad del proyecto con el fin de poder proceder a comercializar dicho producto. Asimismo, se aplicará y desarrollará los conocimientos aprendidos durante el transcurso de la carrera al tratar temas relacionados a distintas áreas como finanzas, marketing, negocios internacionales, logística, entre otros

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Jahnke, Carsten. « Das Silber des Meeres : Fang und Vertrieb von Ostseehering zwischen Norwegen und Italien (12.-16.Jahrhundert) / ». Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388275261.

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Mamani, Choque Claudia. « Obtención de harina de tarwi ». Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Programa Cybertesis BOLIVIA, 2009. http://www.cybertesis.umsa.bo:8080/umsa/2009/mamani_cc/html/index-frames.html.

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El tarwi (Lupinus Mutabilis), es una leguminosa que posee un alto contenido de proteínas y grasas, puede jugar un rol importante en la alimentación humana, ya que en los últimos años se busca nuevas fuentes alimenticias que reúnan esas condiciones. Sin embargo el tarwi posee sustancias no proteicas como los alcaloides que impiden su consumo directo, siendo importante desde el punto de vista industrial realizar el desamargado. Si bien en Bolivia existen productos elaborados a base de tarwi, estos no utilizan la harina sino el grano desamargado de tarwi como tal incorporándolo luego a sus ingredientes. Por esto el presente proyecto de investigación, propone la obtención de harina de tarwi que reúna todas las características nutritivas. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se adecuaron métodos tecnológicos hasta la obtención de la harina. Se inició con una clasificación de la variedad Carabuco del departamento de La Paz. Se incluyó en los métodos tecnológicos la etapa de desamargado (hidratado, cocción y lavado), estudiándose en éste diferentes variables como volúmenes de agua, tiempos, condiciones de tratamiento, pH, etc. Para luego el grano desamargado ser secado y molido. Obteniéndose la harina de tarwi, se caracterizó fisicoquímica y microbiológicamente, posterior a esto se estudió su aplicación en productos de panificación, encontrándose un porcentaje de sustitución adecuado, obteniéndose así un producto con alto valor nutritivo.

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Harder, Michael [Verfasser]. « Exchangeability of copulas / Michael Harder ». Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1106329910/34.

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Livres sur le sujet "Hardne"

Benn, Caroline. Keir Hardie. London : Hutchinson, 1992.

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Benn, Caroline. Keir Hardie. Sous la direction de Winstone Ruth. London : Richard Cohen Books, 1997.

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Grace Hardie. Long Preston : Magna Print, 1989.

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Piet, Kruik, dir. Harde revolutie. Amsterdam : Anthos, 2006.

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Harde noten. Uithoorn : Karakter Uitgevers, 2009.

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(Germany), Bundesarchiv. Nachlass Maximilian Harden. Koblenz : Bundesarchiv, 1985.

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Melville, Anne. The Hardie inheritance. Bath : Chivers, 1992.

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Vogels, Frida. De harde kern. Amsterdam : G.A. van Oorschot, 1992.

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Genevoix, Maurice. La derni'ere harde. Paris : Flammarion, 1988.

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Murphey, Cecil B. Everybody loved Roger Harden. Uhrichsville, OH : Heartsong Presents, 2008.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Hardne"

Clarke, Thomas. « James Hardie ». Dans International Corporate Governance, 609–23. Second Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Revised edition of the author’s International corporate governance, 2007. : Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315749990-21.

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Coster, Nicole. « Harde buiken ». Dans Kleine Kwalen en alledaagse klachten bij zwangeren, 135–38. Houten : Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2407-1_22.

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Bhaduri, Amit. « Hardness ». Dans Mechanical Properties and Working of Metals and Alloys, 119–71. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7209-3_3.

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Peregrine, Peter N. « Harder ». Dans Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 213–14. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0523-5_20.

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Weik, Martin H. « hardened ». Dans Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 709. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_8211.

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Weik, Martin H. « hardkey ». Dans Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 710. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_8219.

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Weik, Martin H. « hardness ». Dans Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 710. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_8222.

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Webb, Benjamin L. J., David Holmes, Chun Li, Jin Z. Zhang et Matthew T. Lloyd. « Hardness ». Dans Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 1021. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100282.

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Brown, Roger. « Hardness ». Dans Physical Test Methods for Elastomers, 119–35. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66727-0_9.

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Muchadenyika, Davison, Molin K. Chakamba et Patience Mguni. « Harare ». Dans The Routledge Handbook on Informal Urbanization, 124–34. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315645544-12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Hardne"

Yoshida, Akira, Yuji Ohue et Isamu Karasuno. « Surface Failure and Durability of Induction-Hardened Sintered Powder Metal Rollers and Gears With Various Hardened Depths ». Dans ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0095.

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Abstract In this study, the effect of hardened depth on failure modes and fatigue strengths of induction-hardened sintered powder metal test rollers and spur gears is elucidated also with the effect of relative radius of curvature of the test rollers. These experimental results are discussed by an amplitude of ratio of orthogonal shear stress to Vickers hardness. Failure mode of the test rollers was spelling due to subsurface origin crack with slight micropits and that of the test gears was pitting due to surface origin crack with spall near the pitch point independent of the hardened depth. The depths of spalling cracks agreed almost with the occurring depths of peak amplitude of the ratio of orthogonal shear stress to Vickers hardness. Surface durability of the test rollers increased as the surface hardness increased and the relative radius of curvature decreased almost independent of the hardened depth. Surface fatigue life of the test gears was hardly influenced by the hardened depth.

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Powell, N. E., N. Patel, A. A. Elmoursi, Z. B. Zhao, B. A. Gillispie et B. K. Fuller. « Substrate and Powder Preheat Effects on the Kinetic Spray of Hard Metal and Composite Coatings on Cast Iron ». Dans ITSC2008, sous la direction de B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima et G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p1183.

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Abstract We investigate the sprayability of various hard metal and composite powder coatings via kinetic spray on cast iron by utilizing both powder and substrate preheat. These coatings include copper, a copper-zirconia composite, nickel, a zinc-nickel composite, and Ti6Al4V alloy. Using the kinetic spray process the coatings were applied to a cast iron substrate which was ground and sand blasted prior to spray. Analysis performed on powders and coating includes: cross-sectional microscopy, hardness of powders and substrate, substrate temperature as a function of heating and cooling times, and adhesion at the coating/substrate level. Results include spray parameters to allow for nickel and copper coatings to be developed on cast iron, adhesion strength as a function of powder hardness, porosity of nickel and Ti6Al4V coatings, and incorporation rates of zirconia in a copper matrix on cast iron. This is an attempt to spray hard powders on a hard substrate. Harder particles are more difficult to spray because they require more energy to plastically deform. Therefore the hardness of the particles plays a significant role in the deposition of a coating. Similarly, harder substrates are more difficult to spray on. This work demonstrates techniques that make spraying hard particles on hard substrates possible.

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Qian, Li, Shuting Lei et Renji Chen. « Finite Element Analysis of Turning Hardened AISI 42100 Bearing Steel With Various Cutting Inserts ». Dans ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93149.

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Finite element simulations of high-speed orthogonal machining were performed to study the finish hard-turning process as a function of cutting speed, feed rate, cutter geometry, and workpiece hardness. The finish hard-turning process is defined as turning materials with hardness higher than 40 HRC (Hardness – Rockwell C), under appropriate high feed rate and low depth of cut conditions. In the simulations, properties representative of AISI 52100 bearing steel hardened to 45, 51 or 58 HRC were assumed for the workpiece. Cubic boron nitride (CBN), titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN)-coated carbide cutters, and ceramics inserts are widely used as cutting tool material in such high-speed machining of hardened tool steels — due to high hardness, high abrasive wear resistance, and chemical stability at high temperature. The numerical simulations or experiments assumed physical, mechanical, and thermal properties representative of each of the three cutting materials. Cutting forces, tool and workpiece temperature, and residual stresses were determined in the numerical simulations. These resulting trends in forces, temperatures, and residual stress are consistent with experimental results reported in the literature.

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Nowlin, R. Nathan, Cynthia Salomonson Begay, Robert R. Parker, Michael P. Garrett et Timothy D. Penner. « Radiation Hardness of Hardened-By-Design SRAMs in Commercial Foundry Technologies ». Dans 2006 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/redw.2006.295482.

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Zhuk, Yuri. « Nanostructured CVD W/WC Coating Protects Steam and Gas Turbine Blades Against Water Droplet Erosion ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2022 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80263.

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Abstract Gas turbine compressor blades operating with air inlet fogging can suffer from Water Droplet Erosion (WDE). WDE can also affect the last rows of steam turbines where expanding steam produces water condensation, especially under start-up and low load conditions. WDE damages the blades’ leading and sometimes trailing edges, increasing turbine rotation drag, reducing efficiency and leading to costly maintenance. This paper reports the testing of Hardide® nano-structured W/WC metal matrix composite coating as a protection against WDE. The Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technology crystallizes the coating atom-by-atom from the gas phase and produces a uniform pore-free coating on complex shaped parts like turbine blades, vanes and pump impellers, including non-line-of-sight areas. Two variants of CVD W/WC coatings were tested: “A” type is 50–100 microns thick and has a hardness range of 800–1200 Hv and “T” type is 35–65 microns thick with a higher hardness of 1100–1600 Hv. Both coating types are made of Tungsten Carbide nanoparticles dispersed in metal Tungsten matrix. This composition and structure produce a combination of enhanced fracture toughness with high hardness and enables the deposition of exceptionally thick hard CVD coatings to provide durable protection against WDE and solid particle erosion. The coatings are pore-free thus also provide an effective barrier against corrosion. The coatings were tested for WDE resistance by the UK National Physics Laboratory (NPL) using 350 μm water droplets at 300 m/sec velocity. Uncoated 410 SS control samples suffered from a major loss of material after just 7-hours of exposure to WDE, forming a 200 μm deep scar across the whole tested area. After a much longer exposure of 90 hours, the coating samples showed negligible WDE damage, only measurable on the samples’ edges. The coating also outperformed Stellite, which is widely used as WDE protection in the form of welded overlay or plates brazed to the blade’s leading edge. The thicker and less hard type “A” CVD coating showed better performance when compared to the thinner, harder type “T”. The effects of the coatings’ thickness, hardness, and residual stresses on the WDE resistance are discussed. The rig testing showed that the CVD WC/W coating can protect steam and gas turbine blades against WDE thus increasing the service life of equipment and maintaining its optimal performance for longer, reducing CO2 emissions and cutting the life-cycle costs. Hardide coatings are used by major oil service companies, pump and valve producers to improve durability in abrasive and corrosive environments. Airbus has approved Hardide-A coating as a REACH-compliant replacement for Hard Chrome plating on aircraft components. Other customers include BAE Systems, EDF Energy, Leonardo Helicopters and Lockheed Martin. The Hardide coating service is provided from state-of-the-art coating facilities near Oxford (UK) and in Virginia (US). Production and quality control are accredited to ISO9001, AS9100 and NADCAP standards.

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Zhu, Zhongyang, Guangmin Sun, Cunfu He et Anqi Liu. « An intelligent method for prediction of surface-hardness in surface-hardened steel rod ». Dans 2019 4th International Conference on Control and Robotics Engineering (ICCRE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccre.2019.8724238.

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Shen, J., B. Grünenwald et F. Dausinger. « Laser Surface Modification of a Low Carbon Steel with Tungsten Carbide and Carbon ». Dans OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.pd37.

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For many industrial applications it is sufficient to have a small area of wear resistant surface. For this reason, cheap low carbon steel is chosen for the partial laser surface alloying. Laser alloying experiments of low carbon steel (16MnCrS5) were carried out by powder injection (WC/Co 88/12) and with graphite precoating for comparison. In addition, melt injection of tungsten carbide was used to produce a composite layer with hard tungsten carbide particles embedded in tough metal matrix. Detailed material investigations (metallographical, electromicroscopical and EDX-analyses) were undertaken on the samples obtained with these methods. The experimental results indicate that for the samples alloyed with carbon, the hardness increases due to martensitic transformation. In the case of alloying with tungsten carbide powder, the hardening mechanism can be subdivided into two regimes: for the low tungsten concentration in the alloyed layers the hardness is increasing due to the martensitic transformation, while for the high tungsten concentration the increase in hardness is mainly resulted from the higher carbide amount in the alloyed layers. Abrasive wear tests on layers alloyed with tungsten carbide indicate that the wear resistance of martensite hardened layers is comparable with that of conventional hardened 100Cr6 steel and the wear resistance of tungsten carbide composite layers is comparable with taht of sintered WC/Co hard metals. By these results a microstructure can be produced as required to suit different wearing situations.

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Bento, Dâmaris S., André G. Pereira et Levi H. S. Lelis. « Procedural Generation of Initial States of Sokoban ». Dans Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/646.

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Procedural generation of initial states of state-space search problems have applications in human and machine learning as well as in the evaluation of planning systems. In this paper we deal with the task of generating hard and solvable initial states of Sokoban puzzles. We propose hardness metrics based on pattern database heuristics and the use of novelty to improve the exploration of search methods in the task of generating initial states. We then present a system called Beta that uses our hardness metrics and novelty to generate initial states. Experiments show that Beta is able to generate initial states that are harder to solve by a specialized solver than those designed by human experts.

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Pantsar, Henrikki, et Veli Kujanpää. « Effect of processing parameters on the microstructure and hardness of laser transformation hardened tool steel ». Dans ICALEO® 2004 : 23rd International Congress on Laser Materials Processing and Laser Microfabrication. Laser Institute of America, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5060244.

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Liu, C. R., et S. R. Agha. « Experimental Study of the Pre-Stressing Capability Through Residual Stress Generation in Superfinish Machining of Hardened Steel ». Dans ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1093.

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Abstract It has been recently shown, [Liu and Mittal 1995, 1996] that it is feasible to eliminate the needs for grinding and superfinishing by turning, in selected conditions, directly on hardened steel up to a hardness of 64 RC, for a surface finish of Ra smaller than 8 μ in. Furthermore, it was shown that hard turning is capable of pre-stressing the machined surface so that it may partially “compensate” the surface load for improved fatigue life. A preliminary study has indicated a potential improvement of over 200% in fatigue life is possible. It also offers a prospect that it is possible to produce a component which will never fail due to fatigue. Therefore, it is desirable to explore the capability of pre-stressing by finish hard turning in broad machining condition, thus this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the residual stress after finish machining of hardened AISI 52100 steel with hardness of 60–62 HRC using CBN inserts. The effect of tool, feed rate, and depth of cut on the residual stress distribution are studied. Surface finish better than 8 μ in. was produced comparable to that produced by grinding and superfinishing. The round tool (0.5 inch radius) was found to give more compressive stress than the 0.0623 inch nose radius diamond-shaped tool. The smaller feed rate gave more compressive residual stress.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Hardne"

Larkin, Ariana Kayla. Rad-Hard SBC : Radiation-Hardened Single-Board Computer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1575755.

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Walsh, Wendy. Hard times made harder : struggling caregivers and child neglect. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.125.

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Banian, David. From Hard to Harder : Iraq Retrograde Lessons for Afghanistan. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, avril 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592648.

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Farmer, Matthew S. Afghan Tortoise, Korean Hare : Advising in Hard and Soft Cultures. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539027.

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Siewert, T. A., et A. Tomer. Microstructure, composition, and hardness of Rockwell C Hardness blocks. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.3960.

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VAN Lint, V. A., E. A. Burke, L. D. Cotter, G. C. Morris et Jr. Nuclear Hardness Management. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, février 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada188193.

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Rohlf, James. Silicon PM Radiation Hardness. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1306466.

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Sterrett, M. E., B. T. Leahy et D. J. Ryan. Epoxylite 8822 hardness study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6406607.

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Bennett, P. C., et L. D. Posey. RHOBOT : Radiation hardened robotics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octobre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/537279.

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Logan, R. W. Dynamic effects on target hardness. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5035569.

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