Thèses sur le sujet « Habitats benthiques »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 23 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Habitats benthiques ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
Navon, Maxime. « Hétérogénéité sédimentaire et micro-habitats benthiques : approches in situ et expérimentale ». Caen, 2016. https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01922479.
Texte intégralThe eastern Bay of Seine is characterized by complex sediment structures with high spatial and vertical heterogeneities. Its variability involves complexes animal-sediment relationships still unclear. A new approach based on the individual scale combines in situ sampling with experiments. The macrofauna vertical distribution and quantification of biogenics structures have shown the main concentration of the fauna in the first 10 cm depth, such as 98 % of the total abundance. Two abundance pics have been observed, the first close to the surface between 0 and 2 cm depth and the other one between 5 to 7 cm depth, mainly due to two species, Kurtiella bidentata and Chaetozone spp. , which represent almost 80 % of the abundance from 5 to 7cm. Their presence within this depth is still unknown. Experiments have shown the great sediment reworking skill of the worm Lagis koreni and its ability to destroy the sediment structure, which can be linked to the in situ samples. This preliminary work has shown the interest of the technics used and makes us going further
Violet, Clément. « Approches quantitatives pour comprendre et prédire l'écologie, la distribution et la biodiversité des habitats benthiques dans l'Anthropocène ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BRES0092.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims at better understanding and predicting coastal benthic biodiversity with a specific focus on the role of biogenic habitats in maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning. This thesis explored how different innovative and complementary numeric tools and pipelines can address these objectives at different scales: 1) joint species distribution modelling across two biogenic habitats at a regional scale, and 2) using Machine Learning approaches, defining and modelling the distribution of benthic habitats states at a global and at a national scale. These complementary approaches quantify the relative influence of the environmental and anthropogenic factors (including marine heatwaves and fishing intensity) that determinecoastal biodiversity and the state of benthic habitats. While in both case studies the predictability of the considered species or states was low, these studies have identified future avenues to optimise models inference and prediction of benthic communities. Thus, this thesis provides a critical perspective on existingapproaches available to study and characterise coastal biodiversity; and on the future developments required to better anticipate future ecological responses related to anthropogenic impacts
Foveau, Aurélie. « Habitats et communautés benthiques du bassin oriental de la Manche : état des lieux au début du XXIème siècle ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10146/document.
Texte intégralThis study is devoted in providing an updated knowledge on the macrobenthic community structureand biodiversity in the eastern English Channel in the early 2000s. Results obtained were compared withresults obtained by L. Cabioch and colleagues for the period of 1971-1976. The distribution of macrobenthiccommunities is highly governed by the sedimentary cover. The Folk classification was used for sedimentologyand mapping of bottom type characterization for the two study periods. A relative stability of the sedimentarycover was observed wherein 69% of the study area showed slight or no change in sedimentary cover in the last25 years. This is mainly due to the hydrodynamics in the area which is a dominant and structuring factor in theeastern English Channel. Variations were observed in bays, near the mouth of the estuaries and in the sandbank areas. The macrobenthic communities were studied separately for each period then compared. However,due to differences in methodologies applied for each period, considerable observations from comparativestudies were difficult to detect. Geographical mapping results revealed that four entities or communitiesseemed recurrent in time depending on sediment type associations: (1) average sand ; (2) coarse sand ; (3)sandy gravel and (4) pebbles. Analysis done on two latter sediment types showed that the various geographicalentities constituting associated communities are distinct at the scale of the eastern English Channel. Speciesdiversity, abundance and richness are significant with 875 taxa identified from 318 sampled sites, where thelatter is still considered underestimated. Finally, statistical methods were applied to modeling and prediction ofpotential habitats of 22 benthic invertebrates. Habitat modeling results obtained are in accordance with fieldobservations and showed that for the majority of considered species (average and fine sand-associated speciesexcluded) occupy their suitable niches/habitat
Ehrhold, Axel. « Projet REBENT : Cartographie des habitats benthiques dans les petits fonds côtiers à l'aide de méthodes acoustiques ». Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006680.
Texte intégralLozach, Sophie. « Habitats benthiques marins du bassin oriental de la Manche : enjeux écologiques dans le contexte d’extraction de granulats marins ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10163/document.
Texte intégralThe natural variation in the coarse sediment benthic community was investigated over a four-year period in the context of an aggregate extraction licence project in the eastern Channel paleovalleys deposits. Six surveys were conducted: twice a year (mid-April: pre- recruitment and the end of August: post-recruitment) in 2007, 2009 and 2010. The data set obtained shows on one hand that the coarse sediment of the benthic community of the eastern English Channel paleovalleys presents an outstanding constancy over time and on another hand, it brings out new pieces of knowledge on benthic habitats typology in offshore coarse sediments (EUNIS). A complementary study on functional features showed that this benthic community has a high resistance to physical disturbance, but lower resilience. This knowledge on benthic community structure and functioning allowed the making of assumptions on the consequences of marine aggregate extraction at this site. An adaptive management of this human activity has then been proposed by the implementation of a benthic monitoring responding to ecological issues associated with marine sediment dredging. Results obtained during this study will also be a substantial input to scientific understanding of dredging impacts should the licence be delivered by French authorities
RAFFIN, Coralie. « Bases biologiques et écologiques de la conservation du milieu marin en mer d'Iroise ». Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005791.
Texte intégralBoyé, Aurélien. « Diversité taxinomique et fonctionnelle des habitats benthiques dans l'espace et dans le temps : une perspective régionale et décennale Constancy despite variability : Local and regional macrofaunal diversity in intertidal seagrass beds ?, in Journal of Sea Research 130, December 2017 ». Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0110.
Texte intégralThis thesis takes advantage of long-term monitoring data covering a regional scale to better apprehend the maindrivers of the diversity of coastal seafloors. Through consideration of multiple spatial and temporal scales and different facets o fcommunity diversity, the main objective of this work was to provide a better predictive understanding of the responses of benthic communities to environmental changes. In particular, this thesis addressed the potential consequences of the on-going homogenisation of the seafloor and the global loss of biogenic habitats, havens of diversity made by foundation species. Through comparison of two such habitats, intertidal seagrass meadows and subtidal maerl beds, with bare sediment devoid of foundationspecies, this thesis has highlighted the key role of biogenicstructures for long-term maintenance of the diversity andfunctioning of benthic communities. Indeed, these habitats mediate the dynamics and responses of benthic communities to environmental conditions, ensure a greater stability of their spatial structures at regional scale, and appeared essential for the long-term maintenance of the ecological functions benthic invertebrates are associated with. This work also highlighted that foundation species may affect benthic communities through different mechanisms, and that has implications on the structure and vulnerability of these communities. Lastly, this the sisemphasized a strong spatial and temporal stability of community richness despite important underlying changes in composition and there by stressed the need to better characterise these compositional variations to guide conservation. These variations contributed, for instance, to an unexpectedly high taxonomic and functional richness of bare sediment at regional scale,similar to those of biogenic habitats, despite being locally depauperate. Overall, broad-scale monitoring programs are fundamental assets to bridge local empirical and theoretical ecological knowledge to the broader scales at which society manage and benefits from natural ecosystems
Garcia, Clément. « Approche fonctionnelle des communautés benthiques du bassin oriental de la Manche et du sud de la mer du Nord ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10185/document.
Texte intégralMost of the studies concerning benthic communities in the eastern part of the English Channel and southern North Sea are descriptive, serving primarily to illustrate the specific changes in the diversity and structure of benthic communities. Only recently studies have examined benthic ecosystem functions, mainly due to difficulties in obtaining sufficient functional parameters for each benthic component (bacteria, meiofauna, macrofauna...). This work investigated whether the benthic communities of the studied area have to be considered as a single unit or as a juxtaposition of functional entities. An approach through two trophic modelling methods, inverse and Ecopath has been performed. In order to test and assess relative importance of factors supposed to influence benthic trophic structure, the study area was subdivided into units defined a priori according to two main structural factors of community distribution: geographical (bay of Seine, eastern Channel and North Sea) and sedimentary patterns (gravel and pebbles, coarse sand and fine sand). Comparisons of model outputs of each division highlighted the key role of suspension organism in flow transfer among the trophic web. It also showed different properties between the divisions. Benthic trophic functioning seems to be strongly correlated with the sediment to which it belongs. Finally, a preliminary approach assessing biological trait diversity of benthic invertebrates has been performed. Information concerning 21 biological traits on 631 species has been gathered. It allowed us to have a global view of diversity and dominance of the functional attributes in the study area
Petit, Tristan. « Caractérisation des fonds marins et estimation bathymétrique par inversion de modèle de transfert radiatif : application à l'imagerie hyperspectrale en milieu coralien ». Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0023/document.
Texte intégralAirborne hyperspectral imaging is a potential candidate for mapping and monitoring coral reefs at large scale and with high spatial resolution. In this thesis, we first present the processing steps to be applied to hyperspectral signals for extracting information about seabed types, bathymetry and water optical properties, and we discuss their efficiency with respect to two main confounding factors: (i) low signal to noise ratio of the measured signals, and (ii) large number and variability of physical interactions occurring between the entrance of sunlight into the atmosphere and its measurement by the hyperspectral sensor. Considering these limitations, we examine the performance of an already existing water column processing method: semi-analytical model inversion by optimization. We first evaluate the robustness of seabed type and bathymetry estimation for six different inversion setups. The results on hyperspectral images acquired over Réunion Island reefs in 2009 show that the choice of the inversion setup plays an important role on the quality of the estimations and that the most widely used inversion setup does not always produce the best results. We then evaluate the importance of the accuracy of the parameterization of the direct semi-analytical model. This is done through a sensitivity analysis performed on both simulated and real hyperspectral data acquired in Réunion Island in 2015. The analysis is performed for each inversion setup previously studied. This study shows that in coral reef context the accuracy of the parameterization of the direct model is less important than the choice of the inversion setup. We also demonstrate that it is not possible to identify the most influent parameters of the direct model because it depends on the relative concentration of each optically active constituent
Kostecki, Caroline. « Dynamique trophique, habitat benthique et fonction de nourricerie des milieux côtiers et estuariens ». Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSARH081.
Texte intégralFor a large proportion of flatfish species, and especially common sole and plaice, juveniles grow in restricted coastal and estuarine nursery grounds during their first years of life. Once their sexual maturity reached, they move to more extended adults habitat located on the continental shelf and contribute to the reproduction. Nursery grounds area depends on freshwater inputs which enhance the juvenile distribution to the open sea and the recruitment. The link between organic matter sources, benthic invertebrates populations that constitute their food supply and flatfish juveniles is complex and remains poorly known. Trophic and spatial interactions between these components have thus been investigated in two contrasted nursery grounds : the Vilaine estuary and the Mont-Saint-Michel bay. The first part of this project aimed to describe flatfish juveniles benthic food web using stable isotopes and gut contents analyses. Carbon stable isotope signatures in common sole juvenile in the vilaine estuary showed the incorporation of terrigenous organic matter into their benthic food wed. Furthermore, this assimilation varied according to Vilaine river flow. Conversely, the Mont-Saint-Michel bay receives little freshwater inputs, but supports an important nursery ground for plaice and common sole. In this nursery ground, microphytobenthos produced on the wide intertidal mudflats mainly contributed to flatfish juveniles food web. Combined utilisation of bot stable isotopes and gut contents analyses thus improved coastal and estuarine nursery grounds description : these analyses particularly pointed out the terrigeneous organic matter role and benthic diatoms production in the flatfish nursery grounds trophic functioning and the spatio-temporal variability of the respective influence of these two sources
Heijden, Luuk van der. « Determination of the food sources and of the role of meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal habitats of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany : importance of the microphytobenthos-meiofauna pathway, highlighted by community structure, trophic markers and linear inverse food web models ». Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS030/document.
Texte intégralMeiofauna play an important role in ecosystem processes in soft-bottom benthic habitats, e.g. food web dynamics, related to their highproduction, their intermediate trophic position and the energy they transfer towards higher trophic levels. The trophic linkages and flows of organic matter related to the meiofauna remain poorly known or taken into account. To better assess the role of meiofauna, the community structure and trophic relationships between food sources and meiofauna were determined in five intertidal soft-bottom habitats (i.e., mudflat, seagrass bed, sandflat) of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany, taking temporal variations into account. Meiofauna communities were dominated by nematodes and benthic copepods. Biomass of microphytobenthos and of sediment organic matter were two of the major drivers of community structure. The combination of trophic markers (i.e., stable isotopes, fatty acids) demonstrated that microphytobenthos and bacteria were the major food sources of meiofauna in the five habitats. Information from community structure assessments and trophic marker analyses were implemented in food web models. In all habitats, these models demonstrated that the main flow of carbon to meiofauna originated from microphytobenthos, highlighting negligible changes in meiofauna feeding behavior besides the large differences in availability and productivity of food sources between these habitats. All trophic groups of nematodes, except for selective deposit feeding nematodes, were highly selective and mainly fed on microphytobenthos, resulting in a high production and a short turn-over time of meiofauna. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrated the important role of meiofauna in soft-bottom habitats as well as the importance of the trophic pathway from microphytobenthos to meiofauna in the functioning of these food webs
Bady, Pierre. « Modélisation de la relation entre la variabilité de l'habitat et la diversité fonctionnelle : application aux peuplements de macroinvertébrés des grands cours d'eau européens ». Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10053.
Texte intégralDurand, Dominique. « Suivi et simulation de la qualité de l'eau en milieu littoral par télédétection et modélisation ». Phd thesis, Nice, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00956574.
Texte intégralBarbier, Pierrick. « Déterminisme du recrutement des bivalves sous contraintes environnementales et anthropiques ». Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0001.
Texte intégralThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the determinism of the bivalve recruitment in a temperate coastal environment through the nursery function of benthic habitats, anthropogenic constraints of mussel farming and recreational hand-raking fishing, and the qualitative and quantitative variations of the available trophic resources. Juveniles of bivalve from benthic habitats structured by engineer species have better physiological condition, although they feed on the same trophic resource. While the mussel farming locally increases the heterogeneity of bivalve recruits assemblage, the practice of raking negatively impacts the primary fixation of these organisms. My work reveals the particular importance of post-fixation process. Finally, the triggering of the settlement phase is marked in the environment by changing the fatty acid composition of the particulate organic matter indicating the occurence of planktonic picoeukaryotes
Jones, Auriane. « Effect of an engineer species on the diversity and functioning of benthic communities : the Sabellaria Alveolata reef habitat ». Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0142/document.
Texte intégralCoastal zones worldwide are home to a large diversity of ecosystem engineers that perform key functions such as the recycling of organic matter and nutrients. The habitats resulting from the biological activity of these species are exposed to numerous disturbances such as over harvesting and trampling or via coastal modification. In this context, it is becoming key to understand the functioning of these engineered habitats and how they are affected by increasing disturbances. During my PhD, I used the reef habitat built by the gregarious tubiculous polychaete Sabellaria alveolata as a study case. First, the environmental and biotic changes associated with the establishment of a S. alveolata reef and its increasing disturbance were assessed, focusing on sediment characteristics (e.g. grain-size distribution, organic matter content) along with taxonomic diversity and species assemblage. In the same vain, the third article looks into the trophic functioning of the reef community and a control community to understand the effects of the establishment of the engineer species on carbon transfers, successively looking at the whole consumer community, the primary consumers and the importance of autochthonous (microphytobenthos and Ulva sp.) vs allochthone (phytoplankton) food sources. In this part, I used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and different analytical approaches such as isotopic niche metrics and mixing models. Article 2 aims towards understanding the interactions between reef habitat complexity, autochthonous food source heterogeneity and spatial scales in explaining the carbon isotopic ratio variations of S. alveolata and an associated suspension-feeder. In the last two chapters, I address the functioning of the engineered habitat either directly, using benthic core incubations to measure biogeochemical fluxes (e.g. oxygen demand) or indirectly, through the use of integrative functional and isotopic diversity indices. This last part reveals the existence of an optimum value of S. alveolata density, used as a disturbance proxy, where the trophic niche and the biogeochemical functioning of the reef are both maximal
Morfin, Marie. « Dynamiques spatio-temporelles d'espèces démersales clés du golfe du Lion : bénéfices potentiels d’aires marines protégées ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20158.
Texte intégralDemersal species represent 50% of French fisheries catches in theGulf of Lions, most of which are fully exploited, or overfished for decades. This thesis evaluates the relevance of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a tool for conservation and management of these populations. So far these areas have been implemented only along the coast to protect the very few mobile species. The problem is more complex for deep sea species because their habitat is broader and more diffuse. To do this, the spatial distribution of 12 key demersal species exploited were studied from 1994 to 2010, with scientific observations and ad hoc statistical tools. A geostatistical approach allowed to detect spatial autocorrelation structures for all species, and produce maps of annual distributions of each species. These distributions appeared very stable over 17 years, apart from a phenomenon of expansion/ contraction with the level of total abundance in the region. In addition, a generalized linear model approach revealed significant associations of these species to a temporally stable habitat. These results are consistent with MacCall basin theory, according which habitat suitability is a density-dependent thus the increase of individuals in an area make them colonize sub-optimal habitats. An optimal habitat under protection could thus be "source" habitat, if the area is carefully chosen. Indeed reporting the fishing effort outside the MPA can instead make this measure ineffective or deleterious. The adult population were generally in more concentrated areas and included in the spatial range of juveniles. These common areas of essential habitat (breeding and nursery) may be potentially interesting to protect a single species . However, the heterogeneity of distributions of a species to another involves the introduction of very sparse areas, making the management difficult. However an area of reasonable size has been identified, covering 20% of the population of each species and representative of the diversity of bottom habitats in the region
Androuin, Thibault. « Ecologie trophique de l'espèce ingénieur Crepidula fornicata et implications pour le fonctionnement de son habitat ». Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0106.
Texte intégralThe slipper limpet (Crepidula fornicata) is an invasive species of European coasts. Protandric hermaphrodite, this gregarious species forms individuals' stacks which accumulate in high density on bottom. For a long time considered as a detrimental invader, the slipper limpet is also an ecosystem engineer, modifying its habitat both physically and biologically. It is model to study how invasive and engineer species can structure and modify the ecosystem that they colonize. In this Ph.D. thesis, these effects have been examined through the trophic functioning of habitats colonized by the slipper limpet, with a special reference to the primary benthic production. Experimental stimulation of subtidal microphytobenthos (MPB) has been demonstrated by the biological activity of the slipper limpet.The trophic niche of C. fornicata has been redefined following the discovery of the presence of carbonate spherules in its tissues, overestimating the contribution of MPB in its diet. Several trophic markers use (pigments, fatty acids, isotopes)revealed that young motile individuals were likely to graze the MPB associated to shell biofilm. Sessile adults, were likely opportunistic filter-feeders, where detritus but also MPB contribute to their trophic diet. The analysis of several filter-feeders inhabiting Crepidula beds has demonstrated that the slipper limpet was not a trophic competitor for commercially important species (black scallop and flat oyster) due to their trophic sorting mechanisms. At the food web scale, the high density of slipper limpet can lead to a homogenization of the global food web due to organic matter enrichment. Dead Crepidula bed showed trophic complexity similar to maerl bed, which is a high biodiverse ecosystem. This thesis, in addition to characterize the trophic functioning of Crepidula beds, shows that an invasive species, in facilitating different biological compartments (MPB, filter-feeders), can contribute to the ecosystem richness such as the Bay of Brest
De, Cubber Lola. « Etude des traits de vie de annélides polychète Arenicola marina et A. defodiens : développement d’un modèle de type "Dynamic Energy Budget" (DEB) et conservation de ces espèces ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R052.
Texte intégralArenicola spp. are marine benthic polychaetes displaying a complex bentho-pelagic life cycle with two larval dispersal phases, only partially described up to now, and intensively dug for bait by anglers on many foreshores of the Eastern English Channel. Without regulation, this activity can lead to the decrease of lugworms’ population while affecting the physical characteristics of the beach and the associated biodiversity. First, we identified through morphology and genetics two species of lugworms, Arenicola marina and A. defodiens, and assessed their abundance and spatial distribution at four studied sites, as well as some life-history traits such as the spawning periods and the size at first maturity. These data were compared to lugworms’ collection data to estimate its sustainability and to provide potential management measures (De Cubber et al., 2018). At one studied site, A. marina was present in large numbers on the higher and middle shore, whereas A. defodiens occupied the lower shore. At the other sites, both species cooccurred on the lower shore, and A. marina individuals were less numerous and lacking recruits. Spawning periods for A. marina occurred in early autumn and in late autumn for A. defodiens. One site appeared in need for management when linking abundance data with bait collection, where harvest was above the carrying capacity of the beach for A. marina. Second, a Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model was applied to the species combining the former as well as new field data, experimental data (growth and oxygen consumption data), and literature data in order to reconstruct the life cycle and growth of A. marina under in situ environmental conditions (De Cubber et al., in press). The reconstruction of the early life-stages chronology by the DEB model for A. marina according to in situ environmental conditions indicated a first dispersal phase of 5 days followed by a 7 months’ temporary settlement before a second dispersal phase in spring, at the end of metamorphosis, which appeared consistent with field observations. Finally, we followed-up the population size structure of A. marina at one studied site during 1.5 year to explore the down shore migration of lugworms recorded by several authors. To do so, we adapted a sediment temperature model from a mud temperature model (Guarini et al., 1997), measured the nitrogen content and tested several proxys for the food sources. The metabolic responses of lugworms to food (scaled functional response) and temperature (temperature tolerance range and Arrhenius temperature) were then assessed. We combined those data with the former DEB model to explore the effects of the fine changes in temperature and food conditions met by the individuals along the foreshore gradient and according to the depth of their galleries. The follow-up of the population size structure of A. marina showed clearly a migration pattern. The effect of sediment temperature alone when migrating did not allow significantly higher growth and egg production, while an increase of food concentrations down the shore did. Other factors might be taken in consideration in further studies such as desiccation and anaerobic metabolism during emersion periods at low tide. All these data constitute valuable information for conservation managers to better understand and regulate the lugworm populations. Further combination of the DEB model developed in this study with an individual-based model and a larval dispersal model could enable to understand the dynamics of the local lugworm populations
Bonifácio, Paulo. « Étude de l'état actuel et des variations temporelles de la composition de la macrofaune benthique des substrats meubles du golfe du Lion, Méditerranée occidentale ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0051/document.
Texte intégralMy main aims consisted in: (1) assessing the present state and recent (1998-2010)changes in benthic macrofauna composition of the Gulf of Lions soft-bottom communities through the long term comparison of 91 stations; (2) testing the current paradigm regarding the control of those communities by climatic parameters through a 10-year monitoring of 4 stations located in the Bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer; (3) assessing the influence of Rhône River inputs on the composition of benthic macrofauna through the sampling, of 5 stations , under 4 hydrological regimes; and (4) updating the ecological quality status of Gulf of Lions benthic habitats. My results have shown the persistence ofthe same 3 communities between 1998 and 2010, the strong influence of both the NAO and the Rhône River on benthic macrofauna composition in the whole Gulf. They also showed a control of benthic macrofauna by climatic oscillations with the WeMO contributing most especially during wintert ime. Moreover, the stations most impacted by Rhône River inputs were located close to its mouth. They are negatively affected during floods and positively affected during dry periods. Lastly, Ihave updated the sensitivity/tolerance levels of Mediterranean species and confirmed the existence of major discrepancies in the results derived from different biotic indices used, although all tested indices indicated an overall stability in the ecological quality status of benthic habitats between 1998 and 2010
Foulquier, Clémence. « Etude de l'influence des conditions hydrodynamiques en zone estuarienne et péri-estuarienne sur la structure, la répartition et la dynamique des habitats macrobenthiques de substrat meuble au niveau de trois estuaires du pays basque ». Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3003.
Texte intégralAlong the French Basque coast, soft-bottom communities are poorly described. Indeed, except for the monitoring program of water bodies carried out through the WFD and some isolated impact studies, benthic systems appear weakly investigated. However, macrobenthos are known to be an effective indicator to establish the ecological quality of coastal and estuarine waters. Due to their sedentary nature, benthic macrofauna integrates effects of environmental variations and provides a relatively clear signal, susceptible to detect a disturbance on the ecosystem. Nonetheless, to assess disturbance ecological impact, it is necessary to discriminate natural variability (intrinsic to the environment) from that related to anthropogenic activities.The main issue of this PhD is to investigate the hydrodynamic conditions effects on the structure, the distribution and the dynamic of the soft-bottom communities of the French Basque coast. Behind this academic objective, this study conducted in a private company also supported a deep operationality need in improving local knowledges.A substantial sampling effort was carried out during this study. Four biosedimentary field campaigns (one per season) were replicated for two years in the vicinity of the three main French Basque country estuaries, supplemented by another year of investigations at the Adour river mouth. In order to assess the influence of abiotic factors, the hydrodynamic conditions were simulated using the operational models developed in the framework of the European project LOREA.The results show a predominant influence of hydrodynamic conditions (wave and river inputs) controlling local sediment dynamics and thus the structure and distribution of benthic soft-bottom nearshore communities. In terms of temporal variation, a relative stability has been observed suggesting an ecological resilience from natural disturbances.The analysis of the biosedimentary data from the area located in the vicinity of the Adour river mouth in relation to river flow, wave climate and dredge spoil disposal activities of the Bayonne harbour corroborate these observations. Indeed, despite the fact that a dumping impact can be noticed within this high naturally exposed environment, dredged materials are rapidly dispersed and the macrofauna recovers quickly.Finally, through the study of the macrobenthic communities, the non-native amphipod Grandidierella japonica Stephensen, 1938 of the family Aoridae has been reported for the first time in the southern part of the Bay of Biscay, along the French Basque Country. The preliminary study of this species local installation and the estuarine impacted ecological niches still requires improvement. Complementary biological and environmental data are needed to improve and confirm the obtained results
Rolet, Céline. « Les communautés macrozoobenthiques des sédiments meubles intertidaux du littoral Nord – Pas-de-Calais : structure, relations avec les limicoles hivernants et enjeux de conservation ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10052/document.
Texte intégralSoft intertidal areas are recognized as major interface ecosystems providing permanent or transitory habitat for reproduction, feeding and migration of many species. However, in the context of increasing human impact on coastal areas, beaches and estuaries are highly threatened. Studying their biodiversity and ecological functioning is therefore required to implement effective management and conservation strategies. As a contribution to achieve this goal, the relationship between benthic macrofauna (preys) and shorebirds (among their most important predators) were studied at the scale of Northern France. The main questions of this study were: (1) What are the macrobenthic communities found in soft intertidal areas (beaches and estuaries)? (2) What are their relationships with wintering shorebirds in a spatial context? (3) Do human forcings potentially affect these two biological compartments (i.e. benthic communities and shorebirds)? This work enabled, in a first step, the characterization of macrozoobenthic communities located in soft intertidal areas (diversity, abundance, biomass and spatial distribution) according to the EUNIS habitat classification. The relationship (functional approach) between these communities and their major predators (shorebirds) in winter has been investigated in a second step. Ecologically important sites have been identified and should be targeted as a priority for the implementation of management and conservation strategies at the regional scale
Boyé, Aurélien. « Diversité taxinomique et fonctionnelle des habitats benthiques dans l’espace et dans le temps : une perspective régionale et décennale ». Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22582.
Texte intégralPerga, Marie Elodie. « Origine et flux de carbone dans les réseaux trophiques lacustres : Etude par analyse de la composition en isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote du zooplancton et des poissons ». Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139878.
Texte intégralPour valider cette hypothèse, nous avons employé, dans un premier temps, le corégone, Coregonus lavaretus, un salmoniforme zooplanctonophage commun dans les lacs alpins, comme modèle biologique. Une étude préalable avait révélée que la composition en isotopes stables du carbone des corégones était très variable au sein des lacs alpins. Selon notre hypothèse, cette variabilité serait le reflet de différences dans les voies de transferts du carbone dans les réseaux trophiques de ces lacs. Les facteurs explicatifs de cette variabilité inter-lacs ont donc, dans un premier temps, été étudiés. Au terme de cette première partie, la composition isotopique du corégone s'est montrée être effectivement un indicateur du fonctionnement trophique des lacs.
Les perturbations peuvent modifier les flux de carbone au sein des systèmes et devraient, de fait, conduire à des changements dans les compositions isotopiques des communautés de poissons. L'effet de deux perturbations d'origine anthropique sur la composition isotopique des poissons a donc, par la suite, été analysé : la première est relative à l'eutrophisation-restauration de deux lacs alpins, la seconde concerne le marnage dans deux réservoirs africains. Les résultats de ces deux études indiquent que des modifications majeures, engendrées par ces perturbations, dans l'origine et les flux de carbone dans les réseaux trophiques, sont enregistrées dans l'histoire isotopique des communautés piscicoles.