Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Habitat (écologie) – Modèles mathématiques »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Habitat (écologie) – Modèles mathématiques"
BIDDULPH, George Elliot, Yannick Enock BOCKO, Pierre BOLA, Bart CREZEE, Greta DARGIE, Ovide EMBA, Selena GEORGIOU et al. « Connaissances actuelles et orientations futures des recherches sur le complexe de tourbières de la Cuvette centrale du Congo ». BOIS & ; FORETS DES TROPIQUES 355 (1 mars 2023) : 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2023.355.a37152.
Texte intégralSemaoui, Smail, Amar Hadj Arab et Seddik Bacha. « Application des modèles mathématiques pour l’optimisation de l’énergie dans un système PV ». Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 30 - 2019 - MADEV... (8 juin 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.4378.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Habitat (écologie) – Modèles mathématiques"
El, Maksoud Walid. « Estimation de fonctions de sélection des ressources : échantillonnage et analyse de données ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28356/28356.pdf.
Texte intégralPichancourt, Jean-Baptiste. « Modéliser la dynamique de population à différents niveaux d'observation, et le long de gradients d’évolution du paysage : le cas d'Abax parallelepipus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) ». Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S102.
Texte intégralPuzin, Charlène. « Influence of habitat configuration on arthropod life history traits : a multi-scale approach in spatially structured systems ». Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0002.
Texte intégralVariations in organism life history traits allow assessing the impact of human activities on individual biology, but also on entire populations. Human activities actually modify the landscape configuration of an environment: habitat surface and degree of isolation, habitat and surrounded matrix suitability… Salt marshes, because of their rare, linear and fragmented configuration along coasts and their fragmented condition due to human activities, are thus ideal systems to study the influence of habitat configuration on life history traits of arthropods that inhabit them, at both population and community levels. These species, according to their ecological preference in terms of habitat and diet, their size, or their dispersal ability, indeed react in different ways in terms of fitness and abundance
Benouari, Ouassima. « Critère de sélection de variables pour les modèles de régression logistique conditionnelle mixte lorsque la structure des effets aléatoires est inconnue ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36598.
Texte intégralWe assess the perfomance of the recently proposed criterion meanAIC as a variable selection criterion for mixed conditional logistic regression models. It is a criterion based on Akaike’s information, computable when the model is fitted with a two-step estimation method. In addition, the calculation of meanAIC does not require the specification of the random effects structure; it is thus of great use as a first covariates filter in the early stage of the analysis when the random effects structure is typically unknown. This work is motivated by applications in ecology where the model selection is traditionally based on information criteria rather than on regularization. These studies use animal movement telemetric data collected using a matched case-control sampling design that are analyzed with a mixed conditional logistic regression model. We conduct a simulation study to assess the ability of meanAIC to correctly identify potentially important covariates and illustrate its use by analyzing habitat selection data collected on caribou.
Violet, Clément. « Approches quantitatives pour comprendre et prédire l'écologie, la distribution et la biodiversité des habitats benthiques dans l'Anthropocène ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BRES0092.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims at better understanding and predicting coastal benthic biodiversity with a specific focus on the role of biogenic habitats in maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning. This thesis explored how different innovative and complementary numeric tools and pipelines can address these objectives at different scales: 1) joint species distribution modelling across two biogenic habitats at a regional scale, and 2) using Machine Learning approaches, defining and modelling the distribution of benthic habitats states at a global and at a national scale. These complementary approaches quantify the relative influence of the environmental and anthropogenic factors (including marine heatwaves and fishing intensity) that determinecoastal biodiversity and the state of benthic habitats. While in both case studies the predictability of the considered species or states was low, these studies have identified future avenues to optimise models inference and prediction of benthic communities. Thus, this thesis provides a critical perspective on existingapproaches available to study and characterise coastal biodiversity; and on the future developments required to better anticipate future ecological responses related to anthropogenic impacts
Prima, Marie-Caroline. « Utilisation de l'espace par les grands herbivores dans un environnement hétérogène et dynamique : méthodologie et applications ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34748.
Texte intégralIn my thesis, I develop mechanistic models of space use based on animal movement, to understand and to predict population distribution in heterogeneous and dynamic landscapes. Used and developed methodologies couple mathematical modelling of the spatio-temporal dynamics of animal movement together with statistical analysis of simulated and empirical movement datasets. In my first chapter, I proceed in a series of simulations to clarify how many clusters are needed when using generalized estimating equations to correctly account for the correlation in movement data and to obtain robust inference on habitat selection. My simulations reveal that 30 independent individuals, each assigned to a cluster, are sufficient to avoid biased evaluation of the uncertainty on habitat selection along movement in heterogeneous environments. When less than 30 individuals are available, destructive sampling can be used but solely when temporal correlation is present and inter-individual heterogeneity is low in the data. In my second chapter, I develop a statistical movement model that allows to identify successive behavioral phases (e.g., foraging phase, inter-patch movement) together with behavior-specific habitat selection parameters, over the whole population and using temporally irregular data. Analysis of simulated and empirical movement data from three large herbivores including plains bison (Bison bison bison), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and plains zebra (Equus quagga) show the robustness and the high predictive capacity of the model. This statistical tool is also flexible since I assess multiple ecological processes from those datasets such as foraging behavior, migratory behavior or prey-predator interactions. In addition, I show how accounting for behavioral phases in habitat selection analysis is crucial to correctly characterize habitat selection along animal movement. In my third chapter, I develop a mathematical framework to couple movement of individuals among a network of resource patches with residency time in patches to mechanistically predict space use in heterogeneous landscapes. In addition, I illustrate a methodology to identify and predict the most representative theoretical network for the target species. I show from model application on data of plains bison that the theoretical network topology is crucial to correctly infer population space use and implement realistic management and conservation planning. In my chapter 4, I empirically assess the robustness of a network of resource patches following landscape fragmentation from anthropogenic source. The analysis shows that woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) reconnect some patches, thus causing robustness in their spatial networks. However, predictions on space use from the mechanistic model developed in chapter 3 reveal that, despite the rewiring, patch use change following the fragmentation. Moreover, this change is stronger when the most connected patches (i.e., the hubs) are impacted. My thesis provides a methodological contribution to better account for correlation in movement data and integrate behavioral phases in habitat selection analysis in heterogeneous landscapes. Besides, my work links network theory and space use to mechanistically predict population distribution in heterogeneous and dynamic environments. My research also assesses the context in which network theory can be applied to spatial ecology. Finally, my thesis improves our mechanistic understanding of animal movement in four species of large herbivores.
De, Cubber Lola. « Etude des traits de vie de annélides polychète Arenicola marina et A. defodiens : développement d’un modèle de type "Dynamic Energy Budget" (DEB) et conservation de ces espèces ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R052.
Texte intégralArenicola spp. are marine benthic polychaetes displaying a complex bentho-pelagic life cycle with two larval dispersal phases, only partially described up to now, and intensively dug for bait by anglers on many foreshores of the Eastern English Channel. Without regulation, this activity can lead to the decrease of lugworms’ population while affecting the physical characteristics of the beach and the associated biodiversity. First, we identified through morphology and genetics two species of lugworms, Arenicola marina and A. defodiens, and assessed their abundance and spatial distribution at four studied sites, as well as some life-history traits such as the spawning periods and the size at first maturity. These data were compared to lugworms’ collection data to estimate its sustainability and to provide potential management measures (De Cubber et al., 2018). At one studied site, A. marina was present in large numbers on the higher and middle shore, whereas A. defodiens occupied the lower shore. At the other sites, both species cooccurred on the lower shore, and A. marina individuals were less numerous and lacking recruits. Spawning periods for A. marina occurred in early autumn and in late autumn for A. defodiens. One site appeared in need for management when linking abundance data with bait collection, where harvest was above the carrying capacity of the beach for A. marina. Second, a Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model was applied to the species combining the former as well as new field data, experimental data (growth and oxygen consumption data), and literature data in order to reconstruct the life cycle and growth of A. marina under in situ environmental conditions (De Cubber et al., in press). The reconstruction of the early life-stages chronology by the DEB model for A. marina according to in situ environmental conditions indicated a first dispersal phase of 5 days followed by a 7 months’ temporary settlement before a second dispersal phase in spring, at the end of metamorphosis, which appeared consistent with field observations. Finally, we followed-up the population size structure of A. marina at one studied site during 1.5 year to explore the down shore migration of lugworms recorded by several authors. To do so, we adapted a sediment temperature model from a mud temperature model (Guarini et al., 1997), measured the nitrogen content and tested several proxys for the food sources. The metabolic responses of lugworms to food (scaled functional response) and temperature (temperature tolerance range and Arrhenius temperature) were then assessed. We combined those data with the former DEB model to explore the effects of the fine changes in temperature and food conditions met by the individuals along the foreshore gradient and according to the depth of their galleries. The follow-up of the population size structure of A. marina showed clearly a migration pattern. The effect of sediment temperature alone when migrating did not allow significantly higher growth and egg production, while an increase of food concentrations down the shore did. Other factors might be taken in consideration in further studies such as desiccation and anaerobic metabolism during emersion periods at low tide. All these data constitute valuable information for conservation managers to better understand and regulate the lugworm populations. Further combination of the DEB model developed in this study with an individual-based model and a larval dispersal model could enable to understand the dynamics of the local lugworm populations
Capra, Hervé. « Amélioration des modèles prédictifs d'habitat de la truite Fario : échelles d'échantillonnage : intégration des chroniques hydrologiques ». Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10306.
Texte intégralMercier, Pascal. « Etude des relations espèces-environnement et analyse de la co-structure d'un couple de tableaux ». Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10140.
Texte intégralLaurence, Edward. « La résilience des réseaux complexes ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66989.
Texte intégralReal complex systems are often driven by external perturbations toward irreversible transitions of their dynamical state. With the rise of the human footprint on ecosystems, these perturbations will likely become more persistent so that characterizing resilience of complex systems has become a major issue of the 21st century. This thesis focuses on complex systems that exhibit networked interactions where the components present dynamical states. Studying the resilience of these networks demands depicting their dynamical portraits which may feature thousands of dimensions. In this thesis, three contrasting methods are introduced for studying the dynamical properties as a function of the network structure. Apart from the methods themselves, the originality of the thesis lies in the wide vision of resilience analysis, opening with model-based approaches and concluding with data-driven tools. We begin by developing an exact solution to binary cascades on networks (forest fire type) and follow with an optimized algorithm. Because its practical range is restricted to small networks, this method highlights the limitations of using model-based and highly dimensional tools. Wethen introduce a dimension reduction method to predict dynamical bifurcations of networked systems. This contribution builds up on theoretical foundations and expands possible applications of existing frameworks. Finally, we examine the task of extracting the structural causesof perturbations using machine learning. The validity of the developed tool is supported by an extended numerical analysis of spreading, population, and neural dynamics. The results indicate that subtle dynamical anomalies may suffice to infer the causes of perturbations. It also shows the leading role that machine learning may have to play in the future of resilience of real complex systems.
Livres sur le sujet "Habitat (écologie) – Modèles mathématiques"
Pavé, Alain. Modélisation en biologie et en écologie. Lyon : Aléas, 1994.
Trouver le texte intégralRichard, Southwood. Ecological methods. 3e éd. Oxford : Blackwell Science, 2000.
Trouver le texte intégralMalchow, Horst. Spatiotemporal patterns in ecology and epidemiology : Theory, models, and simulation. Boca Raton : Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2008.
Trouver le texte intégralCrête, Michel. Les modèles d'indice de qualité de l'habitat : Des outils utiles pour la gestion de l'habitat de la faune forestière ? Québec : Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec, 2003.
Trouver le texte intégralMaurer, Brian A. Untangling ecological complexity : The macroscopic perspective. Chicago, Ill : University of Chicago Press, 1999.
Trouver le texte intégralPilkey, Orrin H. Useless arithmetic : Why environmental scientists can't predict the future. New York : Columbia University Press, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralGotelli, Nicholas J. A primer of ecology. Sunderland, Mass : Sinauer Associates, 1995.
Trouver le texte intégralGotelli, Nicholas J. A primer of ecology. 2e éd. Sunderland, Mass : Sinauer Associates, 1998.
Trouver le texte intégralGotelli, Nicholas J. A primer of ecology. 4e éd. Sunderland, Mass : Sinauer Associates, 2008.
Trouver le texte intégralJ, Hurst Christon, dir. Modeling the environmental fate of microorganisms. Washington, DC : American Society for Microbiology, 1991.
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