Articles de revues : « Group identity – Belgium – History »

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Tikhonova, E. S. « On Linguistic and Political Borders (the Case of the Ripuarian Dialect Group) ». Discourse 8, n^o 5 (26 novembre 2022) : 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-5-106-117.

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Introduction. The paper considers the Ripuarian dialect group spread on the territory of three modern states – Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. The research concentrates on the dialect’s reception by its speakers, while special attention is paid to the language situation in Belgium. Defining the correspondence of state and linguistic borders in this region might be of great current scientific interest.Methodology and sources. The research methodology is based on Russian and foreign studies in dialectology (V. M. Zhirmunskii, F. Münch, W. Haubrichs) and dialectography (K. Haag, A. Bach, J. Kajot and H. Beckers). For the dialects’ characteristics descriptive and comparative methods were used. The analysis of the sociolinguistic situation is based on the works of P. Auer, Th. Frings, J. Kajot and H. Beckers and others. To follow the current dialect speakers’ point of view the data from Belgian Internet-sites and forums were used. Such complex method allows to valuate not only linguogeographic but also the newest extralinguistic facts. Results and discussion. The paper examines the spread and the characteristics of the Ripuarian dialects, the history of their use in Germany, underlining the special role of Cologne’s dialect. The situation with the Ripuarian dialects in modern Eastern Belgium is as well analyzed. Problems of self-identity of the dialect speakers and of dialect’s connection to the High German are also considered.Conclusion. The dependence of linguistic situation in Belgium on political and sociocultural factors, while the state boundaries play a significant role in the self-identity of dialect speakers.

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Heenen-Wolff, Susann, Anne Verougstraete et Ariane Bazan. « The Belgo-Belgian conflict in individual narratives : Psychodynamics of trauma in the history of Belgium ». Memory Studies 5, n^o 1 (16 novembre 2011) : 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424032.

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On the basis of interviews, we highlight important historical elements with potential traumatic implications in order to understand some of the psychological roots of the current conflict-ridden relationship between French-speaking and Flemish Belgian citizens. We suggest that this conflict has a complex psychodynamic structure. Due to former experiences of shame, humiliation, disdain and contempt, two concomitant but asymmetrical defensive processes can be observed: repression in the French-language group, dissociation or rejection in the Flemish group. In particular, we hypothesize that the war experiences traumatized the Flemish identity in a complex way, generating an internal defensive pressure characterized by dissociation. The impact of these psychological processes on the current political situation is explored.

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Poissant, Hèlène. « Bilingualism, Bilingual Education, and Sociocultural Identity : The Experience of Quebec ». Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 4, n^o 3 (janvier 2005) : 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/194589505787382658.

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Questions regarding bilingual education are examined through the lens of Canada’s experience in the Province of Quebec, with particular emphasis on the social group (majority, minority) of the children and the schooling context. Several distinct approaches to bilingual education are identified and discussed, varying from an assimilation approach to a multicultural one. Early immersion in a second language is seen to have positive effects on school achievement as well as on mastery of the language. Canada’s experience may have important implications for other bilingual and multilingual-multicultural societies such as Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, and a number of African countries with a history of colonialism.

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Pokoj, Jakub. « Dwudzieste piąte Forum Młodych Historyków Prawa “Identity, Citizenship, and Legal History” ». Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 13, n^o 3 (2020) : 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.20.031.12527.

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The XXVth Annual Forum of Young Legal Historians “Identity, Citizenship, and Legal History” The XXV Annual Forum of Young Legal Historians was organized by three Belgian universities: Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitélibre de Bruxelles, and UniversitéSaint-Louis Bruxelles. It took place from 5th through 8th June, 2019. This years’forum concerned identity and citizenship, what was echoed in vast majority of the conference papers. The conference consisted of nearly 90 scholars representing more than 20 states, including non-European countries. As usual, the host country’s delegation presented the largest group of young legal historians. 6 speakers were representing the University of Warsaw, 3 Jagiellonian University, and 2 the University of Gdansk. The universities of Bialystok and Lodz, had one representative each during the Forum.

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ZAHARIA, Ioana-Raluca. « The festival - the mark of the city's cultural identity in the context of urban marketing ». Theatrical Colloquia 12, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2022) : 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35218/tco.2022.12.2.08.

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"Should we attach to the notion of identity, that of culture, we will have a more comprehensive and at the same time more precise vision of the relationship that exists between the two terms. The cultural identity is that something that recognizes the human community (social, political, regional, national, ethnic, religious) in terms of values, mentality, commitments, traditions, beliefs, historical memory. To understand the notions of identity and culture, we refer to the individual and then to the group and to the manner they relate to the community, society and why not, the citadel, meaning the city. The latter becomes cultural when it values the customs and traditions of its inhabitants, its heritage, the works of its artists and craftsmen. This article attempts to analyze the interdependence that could exist between a cultural manifestation, more precisely a festival with its thematic aesthetics specific management and the cultural identity of the city that hosts it. Nowadays, the culture plays the role of helping to convert cities into dynamic and attractive urban centers. It is commendable that this reconversion is also used by smaller towns in order to promote their identity. The phenomenon itself is known as urban marketing and has, among other attributes, the role of imposing a new way of conduct on civil servants and local public authorities. It also makes us have a certain conception of cities - in our case - thanks mainly to cultural history, but also in depending on the cultural policy they pursue, due to the image they want to promote, or through works of art, through the realization of certain artistic projects: festivals, branded cultural events, etc. This is the case of the city of Tournai in Belgium, a border settlement entered into the phenomenon of European metropolisation which leads to the formation of centers composed of networks of metropolises and which become economic, social and political pillars, but also cultural, with a whole administrative dynamic and cultural facilities (cultural centers, museums, theaters, universities, etc.). The biennial festival we are referring to is called ""Découvertes, marionnettes et images"", being the only one in the French-speaking area of Belgium. The reputation of the festival is inevitably associated with the city of Tournai, and this association adds more value, effectively contributing to its image in the region and not only. The cultural identity of the city is linked among other things to the evolution of the festival and vice versa. It is an international festival dedicated to contemporary forms of puppet animation. From the theater of objects, passing through street art, dance or digital art, each edition of the festival gives access to the wealth of contemporary forms of the puppet and marionette as well as their interdisciplinarity. The analysis of the ""Découvertes, images et marionnettes"" festival in this context, taking into account the quoted references and the specific interferences of a research, is all the more complex and revealing at the same time."

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Cammu, H., E. Martens et G. Van Maele. « Using the Robson Classification to Explain the Fluctuations in Cesarean Section ». Journal of Pregnancy 2020 (12 novembre 2020) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2793296.

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Purpose. As the rate of cesarean sections (CS) continues to rise in Flanders (northern part of Belgium), it is important to understand the reasons behind this evolution and to find ways to achieve appropriate CS rates. For this analysis, we categorized CS changes between 1992 and 2016, applying the Robson 10-Group Classification System (TGCS). We also applied the TGCS to analyze the information of the only clinics where between 2008 and 2016, the absolute CS rate had fallen by more than two percent. Methods. This paper is based on a population-based cross-sectional study. Robson’s TGCS was used to analyze CS rates for the years 1992, 2000, 2008, and 2016, using the Flemish population-based birth register. Results. Between 1992 and 2016, the overall CS rate increased from 11.8% in 1992 to 20.9% in 2016. The major contributors to that increase were (a) single, cephalic nulliparous women, at term in spontaneous labor (Robson group 1); (b) single, cephalic nulliparous women, at term in induced labor or CS before labor (group 2); and (c) multiparous women with single cephalic at term pregnancy with history of CS (group 5). In the subgroup of the seven clinics where the collective CS rate had decreased from 23.2% in 2008 to 19.3% in 2016, the main contributors to this decrease were Robson groups 1 and 2. Conclusions. The CS increase in Flanders between 1992 and 2016 is mainly the result of the absolute CS increase in the childbirth of nulliparous women with a single cephalic baby at term in spontaneous or induced labor and in women with a single cephalic presentation at term and a previous CS. Further research in these aforementioned groups is needed to identify the real reasons for the CS increase.

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Carter, Neal. « Political Identity, Territory, And Institutional Change : The Case Of Belgium ». Mobilization : An International Quarterly 8, n^o 2 (1 juin 2003) : 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.8.2.elj4501r240835px.

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This article examines the interplay of political identity, territory, and institutional change in Belgium. Political mobilization has gradually reshaped the territorial constitution of political institutions, and with it, group identities. Politicians have chosen to abandon a unitary state structure and instead establish a federation of Regions and Communities, both of which are territorially delimited but have different functions. As contention over language policy and language-use assessment has grown, Belgians have decided to favor territoriality over language use in matters of governance. This decision has not been without significant effects on identity-based politics. The analysis presented here shows how group mobilization can alter the institutional and territorial structures of group interaction and that these structural changes affect future options available to groups.

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Van de Putte, Bart, Michel Oris, Muriel Neven et Koen Matthijs. « Migration, Occupational Identity, and Societal Openness in Nineteenth-Century Belgium ». International Review of Social History 50, S13 (décembre 2005) : 179–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859005002117.

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This article examines social heterogamy as an indicator of “societal openness”, by which is meant the extent to which social origin, as defined by the social position of one's parents, is used as the main criterion for selection of a marriage partner. We focus on two topics. The role first of migration and then of occupational identity in this selection of a partner according to social origin. And in order to evaluate the true social and economic context in which spouses lived, we do not use a nationwide sample but rather choose to examine marriage certificates from eleven cities and villages in Belgium, both Flemish and Walloon, during the nineteenth century. By observing different patterns of homogamy according to social origin we show in this article that partner selection was affected by the relationship between migration, occupational identity and class structure. It seems difficult to interpret all these divergent patterns in terms of modernization. In our opinion the historical context creates a complicated set of conditions reflected in differences in the type and strength of migration and in the sectoral composition and evolution of the local economy. The whole exerts an influence over partner selection.

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SILVERMAN, DEBORA L. « BOUNDARIES : BOURGEOIS BELGIUM AND “TENTACULAR” MODERNISM ». Modern Intellectual History 15, n^o 1 (13 juillet 2017) : 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244317000245.

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The sweep, originality, and plenitude of Jerrold Seigel's work have transformed our field. His prolific and creative scholarship encompasses the history of ideas, the history of cultural forms, and the history of intellectuals, areas typically examined separately as coherent and discrete sections of intellectual history. I have been reading Seigel for many years now, assigned his texts in my classes, and watched students come alive as they encounter his Marx, his Bohemia, his Baudelaire, his Foucault, his Simmel. My own research and writing have been deeply influenced by key ideas generated in Seigel's body of work, testing and contesting, for example, his project of historicizing subjectivity and identity in modern Europe.

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Lecours, André. « Political Institutions, Elites, and Territorial Identity Formation in Belgium ». National Identities 3, n^o 1 (mars 2001) : 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14608940020028493.

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Grégoire, Nicole. « Identity Politics, Social Movement and the State : ‘Pan-African’ Associations and the Making of an ‘African community’ in Belgium ». African Diaspora 3, n^o 1 (2010) : 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254610x505709.

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Abstract Drawing on a social movement theoretical framework, the paper explores the collective action desires and attempts expressed within the African associational milieu in Belgium to improve the social, economic and political being of the African-rooted people in Belgium. It thus focuses on the emergence of non-profit organisations aiming at mobilising people of sub-Saharan African descent under a common ‘Pan-African’ banner. It analyses the link between the context for the emergence of these associations ‐ in which the state played an important role ‐ their working modes and their members’ affiliation strategies, as a way to address a ‘lack of mobilisation’ frequently deplored by many African associational leaders. Secondly, it shows how a certain African elite tries to go beyond old rivalries and previous failures, by shaping a Pan-African community, symbolically located both in the African life ‘here’ (in Belgium and by extension Europe) and ‘there’ (in Africa).

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Suenens, Kristien. « Franciscan Women Religious in Nineteenth-Century Belgium : Gender, Identity and Material Recovery ». Trajecta. Religion, Culture and Society in the Low Countries 29, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2020) : 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tra2020.2.001.suen.

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Abstract This article examines the revival of female Franciscan religious communities in the nineteenth-century as a platform for analyzing the mechanisms and networks behind the restoration and renewal of female convent life in Belgium. The analysis is conducted from a threefold perspective: the specific role of male and female protagonists, the struggle with old and new identities, and the material backgrounds of the revival. The diverse landscape of old and new, contemplative and apostolic, and urban and rural Franciscan convents and congregations offers an interesting platform for research. The interaction between secular clergy, lay and religious women and the male Friars Minor is examined within the context of changing political regimes, social changes, religious revival and diocesan centralization. Mechanisms of material recovery and the (re-)constructions of gendered, canonical and religious identities are used as a framework for evaluating the importance of old and new models and examining to what extent this nineteenth-century history was a genuine Franciscan revival.

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Guseletov, Boris. « On the Future Prospects of «Identity and Democracy» ». Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, n^o 18 (1 décembre 2020) : 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran620206673.

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This article analyzes the phenomenon of the emergence of a new pan-European political «Identity and Democracy» in the political arena of Europe. Its predecessor was the European party the «Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedoms», MENF was formed in 2015 by a number of nationalist and far-right parties from EU member states, and the group «Europe of Nations and Freedoms» in the European Parliament, which emerged in 2015, as a result of the merger of MEPs from the «Freedom» parties from Austria and the Netherlands, «Flemish interest», Belgium, «Northern League», Italy, «Congress of the New Right», Poland and «National Front», France. In 2019, the pan-European party «Identity and Democracy» was created, which is characterized by a commitment to nationalist values and a radically Eurosceptic view of the EU’s development prospects. The author tried to identify the causes of this political force and its future prospects.

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Moran, Marie. « Identity and Identity Politics : A Cultural-Materialist History ». Historical Materialism 26, n^o 2 (30 juillet 2018) : 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-00001630.

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Abstract This paper draws on the cultural-materialist paradigm articulated by Raymond Williams to offer a radical historicisation of identity and identity-politics in capitalist societies. A keywords analysis reveals surprisingly that identity, as it is elaborated in the familiar categories of personal and social identity, is a relatively novel concept in Western thought, politics and culture. The claim is not the standard one that people’s ‘identities’ became more important and apparent in advanced capitalist societies, but that identity itself came to operate as a new and key mechanism for construing, shaping and narrating experiences of selfhood and grouphood in this period. From a cultural-materialist perspective, the emergence and evolution of this idea of identity can only be properly understood in relation to the social contexts of its use, namely, the new contexts of consumption of capitalist societies, and the development of new forms of group-based struggle from the 1960s. What the analysis shows is that it was the commercialisation and politicisation of older essentialist understandings of selfhood and grouphood in these contexts that has given rise to the concepts of personal and social identity as we know them today. By exploring the material conditions that have given rise to the contemporary powerful attachment to ‘identity’, this paper offers a new point of departure from which to pursue many issues of concern to critical theorists and radical activists today, including the conflict over identity politics in radical circles, the historical and social processes behind their development and at least partial co-option, and their relation to neoliberal political-economic formations today.

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Budny, Mildred, et Dominic Tweddle. « The Early Medieval Textiles at Maaseik, Belgium ». Antiquaries Journal 65, n^o 2 (septembre 1985) : 353–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500027177.

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This article offers an account of the components, the structure and the history of the so-calledcasulaandvelaminaof Sts Harlindis and Relindis preserved at the Church of St Catherine at Maaseik in Belgium as relics of the two sisters who founded the nearby abbey of Aldeneik (where the textiles were kept throughout the Middle Ages). The compositecasulaof Sts Harlindis and Relindis includes the earliest surviving group of Anglo-Saxon embroideries, dating to the late eighth century or the early ninth. Probably similarly Anglo-Saxon, a set of silk tablet-woven braids brocaded with gold associated with the embroideries offers a missing link in the surviving corpus of Anglo-Saxon braids. The ‘David silk’ with its Latin inscription and distinctly western European design dating from the eighth century or the early ninth offers a rare witness to the art of silk-weaving in the West at so early a date. Thevelamenof St Harlindis, more or less intact, represents a remarkable early medieval vestment, garment or cloth made up of two types of woven silk cloths, tablet-woven braids brocaded with gold, gilded copper bosses, pearls and beads. Thevelamenof St Relindis, in contrast, represents the stripped remains—reduced to the lining and the fringed ends—of another composite textile. Originally it was probably luxurious, so as to match the two other composite early medieval textile relics from Aldeneik. As a whole, the group contributes greatly to knowledge of early medieval textiles of various kinds.

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Dewinter, Hanne, Hanne Dehertog et Lucia De Haene. « Negotiating two worlds : ». DiGeSt - Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies 8, n^o 2 (20 octobre 2021) : 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/digest.v8i2.17368.

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This article explores the lived experiences of Muslim youth in Belgium regarding their gender identity. Based on a qualitative study with focus groups among Moroccan Belgian youths, we examine the usefulness of studying gender identity as a dynamic construct. Gender identity is not only shaped within and through different contexts, the state of Moroccan Belgian youths negotiating between two worlds also highly complicates this construction. Gender acts as a mobilising force to legitimate borders and to differentiate from another ethnic or religious group that does not share the same practices or perceptions. Finally, processes of stereotyping, which are mainly gender-based, evoke a diversity of reactions among these youths. The aim of this article is to contribute to an understanding of the construction of gender identity as a continuous process that acquires meaning in relation to minority/majority relations in society. Directions for future research are suggested.

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Gerber, D. « Creating Group Identity : Disabled Veterans and American Government ». OAH Magazine of History 23, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2009) : 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/23.3.23.

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Wojciehowski (book author), Hannah Chapelle, et Sean Lawrence (review author). « Group Identity in the Renaissance World ». Renaissance and Reformation 34, n^o 4 (20 septembre 2012) : 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v34i4.18678.

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Levy, Sara A. « Heritage, History, and Identity ». Teachers College Record : The Voice of Scholarship in Education 116, n^o 6 (juin 2014) : 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811411600605.

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Background/Context Prior research indicates that students’ ethnic, religious, national, and racial identities often impact their interest in, emotional connection to, and knowledge about histories specific to those groups with which they identify. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study (a) What meaning do students attach to events with which they have a heritage connection? (b) How do students’ identities impact their connection to, interest in, and understanding of events with which they have a heritage connection? Population/Participants/Subjects This study focuses on three groups of secondary students (Hmong, Chinese, and Jewish) that studied a seminal event (respectively, the Vietnam War, the Cultural Revolution, and the Holocaust) with which they may be considered to have a heritage connection. Therefore, the students could not have been involved in the event itself, but their parents, grandparents, other family members, or other members of an affinity group (racial, ethnic, national, or religious) to which they belong were involved. Research Design This qualitative study uses a multiple-case study design to interrogate the ways in which students (n=17) identify with heritage histories. Findings/Results Findings reveal that students who have heard about family members’ experiences during these events identify strongly with the events prior to learning about them in school. However, school knowledge was a powerful tool that enabled the students to create more lasting connections to the past. Conclusions/Recommendations This study revealed that students connect with and understand heritage histories in multiple ways. Students whose families share personal stories about their own experiences during a specific time seem to have strong connections to heritage histories. However, some of their peers may have a strong connection to their heritage without access to the narratives associated with that heritage, leading to feelings of embarrassment or confusion. Other students’ connections to heritage histories may be enhanced by the inclusion of the heritage history in the official knowledge of the classroom, which may also lead them to develop a stronger sense of identification with more multidimensional historical actors.

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Rosoux, Valerie, et Laurence van Ypersele. « The Belgian national past : Between commemoration and silence ». Memory Studies 5, n^o 1 (16 novembre 2011) : 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424030.

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This article examines the gradual deconstruction of the Belgian national identity. Is it possible to speak of a de facto differentiation or even ‘federalization’ of the so-called ‘national past’ in Belgium? How do Belgians choose to remember and forget this past? To contribute to an understanding of these issues, the article considers two very different episodes of Belgian history, namely the First World War and the colonization of the Congo. On the one hand, the memory of the First World War appears to provide the template for memory conflicts in Belgium, and thus informs the memories of other tragedies such as the Second World War. On the other hand, the memory of the colonial past remains much more consensual – providing a more nuanced picture of competing views on the past. Beyond the differences between the ways in which these episodes are officially portrayed, the same fundamental trend may be observed: the gradual fragmentation of a supposedly smooth and reliable national version of history.

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Pauwels, Lieven J. R., et Ben Heylen. « Perceived Group Threat, Perceived Injustice, and Self-Reported Right-Wing Violence : An Integrative Approach to the Explanation Right-Wing Violence ». Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, n^o 21-22 (15 juin 2017) : 4276–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517713711.

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The present study aims at explaining individual differences in self-reported political violence. We integrate key concepts from the field of criminology that are conceptually related to social identity theory (Flemish identity, feelings of group superiority, and ethnocentrism) and the dual process model on prejudice (perceived injustice, perception of threat, and right-wing authoritarianism). In our model, social identity concepts are hypothesized to play a mediating role between mechanisms derived from the dual process model and political violence. To test the integrated model, a model was run for testing the strength of direct and indirect effects of perceived injustice, authoritarianism thrill-seeking behavior, feelings of superiority, Flemish nationalism, ethnocentrism, right-wing extremist beliefs, and exposure to racist peers on political violence. The analyses are based on a web survey ( N = 723) among adolescents and young adults in Flanders, Belgium. Results indicate that social identity variables play an important mediation role between perceptions and ideological attitudes related to injustice, and political violence. The main path revealed by our study is that perceived injustice may result in heightened perceptions of threat, which in turn positively influence levels of right-wing authoritarianism. Mediated by ethnocentrism, this variable has a significant and positive effect on right-wing beliefs, which in turn has a positive effect on political violence.

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Pelssers, Johan, Emalie Hurkmans, Jeroen Scheerder, Norbert Vanbeselaere, Steven Vos, Tim Smits et Filip Boen. « Acting One’s Age in Physical Exercise : Do Perceived Age Norms Explain Autonomous Motivation Among Older Adults ? » Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2018) : 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2016-0290.

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Background: The social identity approach proposes that the more older adults identify with the social group of “older adults,” the more they will conform to what they perceive as being normative exercising for their group. However, so far, it remains unclear why older adults adhere to these norms. Objective: This study evaluated whether perceived exercise norms are associated with higher levels of autonomous motivation according to the self-determination theory and actual exercise participation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, either by regular mail or online, was conducted among 409 older adults in Flanders (Belgium). Results: Our analyses revealed that older adults who perceived more positive older adult norms for exercising were more autonomously motivated to exercise. In explaining 24% of their exercise motivation, older adults’ perceptions of the exercise norms for older adults predicted 6% of their exercise participation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that social identity approach and self-determination theory can be meaningfully integrated.

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Luminet, Olivier, Laurent Licata, Olivier Klein, Valérie Rosoux, Susann Heenen-Wolff, Laurence van Ypersele et Charles B. Stone. « The interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states – the paradigmatic case of Belgium : Introduction to the special issue ». Memory Studies 5, n^o 1 (20 décembre 2011) : 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424027.

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The main goal of the special issue on ‘the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium’ is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature.

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Crosetti, Anne-Sophie. « The ‘Converted Unbelievers’ : Catholics in Family Planning in French-Speaking Belgium (1947–73) ». Medical History 64, n^o 2 (17 mars 2020) : 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2020.6.

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This paper looks at the journey of eleven counsellors in marital counselling centres in French-speaking Belgium, from the creation of the centres in 1953, to the 1970s, when contraception became legal, and abortion became a public issue. At the time of Humanae Vitae, groups of volunteers, working within Catholic organisations where counselling took place, began to structure their activity around Carl Rogers’s ethics of client-centred therapy, placing their religious ideology in a secondary position to focus on the problems experienced by the couples and women they were receiving in the centres. These were often challenges they were experiencing themselves in their own lives. The reiteration of the Catholic orthodox view on contraception through Humanae Vitae marked a gap between the counsellors and the Church. This contribution questions the identity-related tension of Catholics working in conjugal counselling centres and the type of commitments they made to both the conjugal centres and the Church in a moment where family planning was debated both in the Church and politically.

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Grealis, S., A. Alunno, M. Bernardy, V. Romero Pazos, T. P. M. Vliet Vlieland, C. Haines et D. Wiek. « THU0576 EMPOWERING PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATIC AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES TO BE AT THE HEART OF MEDICAL EDUCATION : A EULAR SCHOOL OF RHEUMATOLOGY INITIATIVE ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (juin 2020) : 529.3–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4578.

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Background:The earliest examples of active patient involvement in teaching are interventions in which the patient was teaching students how to conduct physical examinations. Over the last two decades, educators have used the expertise of patients to enrich the education of undergraduate physicians and health professionals (HP) in several ways, mainly asking people to outline their own stories. Early patient involvement also aims to sensitise students to pursue a holistic approach and ultimately to build a trustful physician-patient relationship. Most studies report that high patient involvement brings benefits to both learners and patients. Learners report higher satisfaction. Patients report raised self-esteem and empowerment, new insights into their problems and deeper understanding of the physician-patient relationship.Objectives:To develop a novel educational framework within the EULAR School of Rheumatology for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) who are willing to be involved in teaching undergraduate physicians and HPs (Patient Education Partners, PEPs).Methods:A multidisciplinary working group including people with RMDs, 1 Rheumatologist, 1 HP in rheumatology and 1 educationalist was established. The project was developed through a questionnaire launched in May 2019, to patient associations across Europe, 2 face to face meetings and online teleconferences.Results:Patient associations from 23 European countries responded to the questionnaire and in 10 of them (43%), there have been programmes running for up to 31 years which involve patients with RMDs in undergraduate education. To some extent, 485 people with RMDs have been trained over the years across Europe. However, there are different country and disease-specific types of training and a lack of standardised training for patients involved in these programs. The patient associations from countries that do not have the programme would be interested in taking part, if such initiative were to be developed. The topics that people would like to cover when teaching medical and other health professions students are: disease specific factors, doctor-patient communication, personal history and physical examination, the importance of education and work to the individual, the importance of disease self-management. A subsequent mapping of European countries was undertaken to identify best practice examples of existing programmes: Germany, Denmark, Belgium, Ireland and the UK were included. From these foundations, we developed a new on-line Course, to equip patients with a basic medical knowledge about their disease and effective communication strategies.Conclusion:We established a European framework to train people with RMDs who were willing to be involved in teaching undergraduate physicians and HPs. This will allow them to gain confidence and effective communication skills to share their lived experience and become PEPs. The content of the course is currently being developed and all EULAR pillars are involved. Participation in this training course, particularly by people from countries that do not yet engage patients in undergraduate education, may facilitate the implementation of such initiatives, and ultimately improve the training of physicians and HPs across Europe.References:[1]Wykurz G et al. BMJ 2002;325:818[2]Walters K et al. BMJ 2003;326:740Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Janzen, Philip. « “LookingForwardAlways toAfrica”:William George Emanuel and the Politics of Repatriation in Cuba, 1894–1906 ». Americas 78, n^o 1 (janvier 2021) : 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2020.40.

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AbstractThis article examines a back-to-Africa movement from early twentieth-century Cuba. The leader, William George Emanuel, arrived in Cuba from Antigua in 1894, and over the next several years, he worked to unite thecabildos de naciónandsociedades de coloron the island. After independence in 1898, Emanuel and his followers rejected Cuban citizenship and began petitioning Britain, the United States, Belgium, and the Gold Coast for land grants in West and Central Africa. Each petition, however, told a different story. Emanuel skillfully tailored his appeals according to his audience, variously claiming that he and his followers were “British,” “African,” “Congolese,” or “Mina,” among other identities. Anticipating the rise of Marcus Garvey by over a decade, Emanuel's campaign reveals an overlooked pan-Africanist strand in the typical narrative for this period of Cuban history. Drawing mainly on the petitions themselves, the article analyzes how Emanuel blended the languages of empire, nation, race, and ethnicity to create a dynamic pan-African identity. More generally, the article demonstrates how marginalized groups have long negotiated the boundaries of identity in the pursuit of belonging.

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Albert, Craig Douglas. « A History of Violence : Ethnic Group Identity and the Iraqi Kurds ». IRAN and the CAUCASUS 17, n^o 2 (2013) : 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20130206.

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One of the more interesting aspects of world concern during “Operation Iraqi Freedom” was how to incorporate Iraq’s Kurdish population into an American military strategy. Furthermore, as the war was winding down, and the United States and Iraq began to construct a new Iraqi state, government, and Constitutional regime, the focus shifted on what role would the Kurds play in the new government, or even if they should be included in a government. But for most policy-makers, it was unclear who were the Kurds. How were they different than the other ethnic and religious populations of Iraq and the region generally? What was their history with the Iraqi regime under Saddam Hussein? The purpose of this paper is to provide answers to these most important questions through the lens of Political Science. As Iraq continues to form its new identity, it is important to understand what constitutes the identity of one of its most prominent ethnic groups, the Kurds. In tracing and describing Kurdish ethnic attributes, it is also important to delineate the history between the Iraqi government under Saddam Hussein, how Iraqi identity was constructed in opposition to Kurdish identity (often oppressing it), and to understand the tense relationship between the two, a relationship that is most aptly described as having a history of violence.

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FRASER‐BURGESS, SHERON. « Group Identity, Deliberative Democracy and Diversity in Education ». Educational Philosophy and Theory 44, n^o 5 (janvier 2012) : 480–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00717.x.

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Ari, Lilach Lev. « Jewish immigrants from the Greater Middle East to France and Belgium : ethnic identity and patterns of integration ». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 46, n^o 2 (30 janvier 2019) : 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1569305.

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Matonytė, Irmina, et Vaidas Morkevičius. « Threat Perception and European Identity Building : The Case of Elites in Belgium, Germany, Lithuania and Poland ». Europe-Asia Studies 61, n^o 6 (24 juillet 2009) : 967–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668130903063492.

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Jacobs, Andrew S. « Leonard V. Rutgers. Making Myths : Jews in Early Christian Identity Formation. Leuven, Belgium : Peeters, 2009. 151 pp. » AJS Review 34, n^o 2 (novembre 2010) : 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009410000486.

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Rubbers, Benjamin. « The story of a tragedy : how people in Haut-Katanga interpret the post-colonial history of Congo ». Journal of Modern African Studies 47, n^o 2 (12 mai 2009) : 267–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x09003838.

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ABSTRACTIn order to give an account of the Congolese tragedy since independence, the inhabitants of Haut-Katanga often resort to four different narratives: the abandonment by Belgium; the biblical curse on Africans; the conspiracy of Western capitalism; or the alienation of life powers by Whites. Though these four stories offer different scenarios, they are all constructed with two types of actors – Whites and Congolese people. This article suggests that this racial/national frame finds its origins in colonial and national ideologies, which have left their mark on Haut-Katanga, and that it continues today to structure the narratives through which people remember their post-colonial history. Collective memory and racial/national identity are reciprocally constituted in these stories, but in different terms. They offer, accordingly, different ways of influencing the present.

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Siwek, Ryszard. « Neel Doff – pisarka niezwykła. Między naturalizmem, populizmem, feminizmem a autofikcją ». Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Historicolitteraria 15 (12 décembre 2017) : 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/3916.

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Neel Doff (1858–1940) is an extraordinary person in the history of Belgium literature. Extreme poverty and humiliation she had experienced in her early days are the main topic of her work. However, she does not document her life. It is more akin to a literary testimony of a growing self-consciousness, through which a social and cultural advancement of both the author and her character was made possible. The analysis included in the article is focused on her most outstanding work – the trilogy of “hunger and despair”.Key words: belgian literature; naturalism; populism; feminism; autofiction; identity;

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Gharli, Imad. « History and Identity in Human Sciences ». Journal of Humanities,Music and Dance, n^o 21 (20 novembre 2021) : 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jhmd.21.1.25.

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The human sciences are defined as a group of cognitive activities related to the study of the human self through the language, the history, the social, political, cultural and economic interests. The humanities have never ceased to study experiences and activities related to human beings, who try to deepen human knowledge and develop human resources. This knowledge is closely related to human truth as a phenomenon capable of objective scientific study and the ability of these sciences to understand and explain the various human phenomena using multiple systems of research and experimental, psychological and philosophical methods ... and it is also among the research methodologies related to these sciences. The study of history is not an end in itself, but rather a means to deepen awareness and provide it with historical experiences that help it to see the present and its historical components, and to look at history and its readability as a sustainable state of development. All this made the study of history today a complex, multi-faceted study, where the profound transformations brought about by the information and communication revolutions and globalization caused the restructuring of various aspects of economic, political, civilizational, social and cultural life and the crystallization of the human identity ... That is why many believed that history holds the keys to understand the process of societal, cultural and ideological development and thus the most important forces that control the creation of the future, but today's reality requires intense awareness to prevent the disruption of human values, constants and inherited ties in a time of fear for the homeland, nation and identity.

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A. B., Shamsul. « A History of an Identity, an Identity of a History : The Idea and Practice of ‘Malayness’ in Malaysia Reconsidered ». Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32, n^o 3 (octobre 2001) : 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463401000194.

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This article is a critique of ethnicity theories based on essentialism – the idea that ethnic traits are innate (essences) both in the individual and the ‘ethnie’ as a social group – which have been adopted, wittingly or unwittingly, by historians in mainstream Malaysian historiography in their effort to explain the formation of ‘Malay-Malayness’ as a social identity. It proposes instead that Malay ethnicity is not innate but rather learned or constructed, and Malay-Malayness has been created as a result of intersecting historical, cultural and social factors at a particular moment in a culture's life and history. Indeed, Malay-Malayness has been constructed by a colonial historiography and subsequently adopted uncritically by most historians in postcolonial Malaysia, both Malays and non-Malays.

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Thum, Rian. « Modular History : Identity Maintenance before Uyghur Nationalism ». Journal of Asian Studies 71, n^o 3 (août 2012) : 627–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911812000629.

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This paper investigates how a regional identity can be maintained in a nonmodern context, focusing on the case of southern Xinjiang in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The argument focuses on one aspect of this identity system, the popular historical tradition, arguing that its deployment through both manuscript technology and regional shrine pilgrimage contributed to the maintenance of Xinjiang's settled Turki identity group before the construction of the “Uyghur” identity. In the absence of a national history, separate histories of local heroes were linked together through custom anthology production and networked travel to shrines, yielding a modular historical tradition that accommodated local interests in regional narratives. Central to the operation of this system were community authorship in the manuscript tradition, the creation of a new genre for local history, and the publicly recorded circulation of pilgrims who heard performances of historical texts. This constellation of phenomena underpinned an alternative type of imagined community: a reasonably homogeneous, regional, writing-facilitated identity system flourishing in a nonmodern context.

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Jordan, Grant. « The relevance of Bentley for group theory : founding father or mistaken identity ? » History of the Human Sciences 12, n^o 1 (février 1999) : 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09526959922120144.

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Boemer, Magali, et Jeroen Darquennes. « Towards a historical sociolinguistic account of language-in-education policy in the German-speaking community of Belgium ». Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 1, n^o 2 (14 décembre 2012) : 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.1.2.04boe.

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One finds a number of descriptive synchronic sketches of language-in-education policy in the German-speaking community of Belgium (GC). However, a systematic analytical account of the evolution of language-in-education policy over the last 90 years has not been provided yet. With a project entitled ‘Language, Education and Power in the German-speaking community of Belgium (1919–2012)’, the Pluri-LL research group at the University of Namur seeks to tackle this research desideratum. The present paper intends to provide some basic information on the research project, starting with the GC’s geography and demography (Section 2) and the political history (Section 3). An outline of the project’s theoretical and methodological backbone (Section 4) and some preliminary findings (Section 5) are discussed as well.

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Craven, Louise. « EPIC, GROUP IDENTITY AND THE ARCHIVE IN THE MODERN WORLD ». Archives : The Journal of the British Records Association 32, n^o 117 (décembre 2007) : 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/archives.2007.11.

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Tollebeek, Jo, et Tom Verschaffel. « Group portraits with national heroes : the pantheon as an historical genre in nineteenth‐century Belgium ». National Identities 6, n^o 2 (juillet 2004) : 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1460894042000248387.

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PEETERS, HANS, et WOUTER DE TAVERNIER. « Lifecourses, pensions and poverty among elderly women in Belgium : interactions between family history, work history and pension regulations ». Ageing and Society 35, n^o 6 (25 février 2014) : 1171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14000129.

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ABSTRACTThe precarious financial situation of many elderly women in developed countries is well established. Nevertheless, in-depth insight into the persistent vulnerability of this group remains largely absent. In this article, we demonstrate how a specific focus on the interaction between work history, family history and pension regulations can provide greater insight into the mechanisms that produce poverty among elderly women in Belgium. To that end, we make use of register data on some 9,000 women aged 65–71. Data on the poverty risk of these women is linked to career and family data, spanning over 45 years. We find that pension policy can indeed account for the higher poverty risk of some groups of elderly women (e.g. divorcees) as compared to others (e.g. widows). Similarly, pension policy can, to a large extent, directly or indirectly explain how previous lifecourse events, such as marital dissolution or childbirth, affect old-age poverty risk. However, our study also reveals some unexpected findings. Most notably, pension regulations fail to account for the beneficial situation of married women. Indeed, our analyses suggest that capital (income) may prove more decisive than pension rights in explaining the low poverty risk of married women when compared to other marital groups. Drawing from our findings, we conclude with some suggestions as to where pension policy should go from here.

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Absillis, Kevin. « ‘From now on we speak civilized Dutch’ : the authors of Flanders, the language of the Netherlands, and the readers of A. Manteau ». Language and Literature : International Journal of Stylistics 18, n^o 3 (août 2009) : 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947009105853.

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Subjugated to the linguistic and literary norms of the Netherlands and, at the same time, confined to the borders of the multilingual state of Belgium, Flemish authors have always had to struggle hard to legitimize their cultural identity. After the Second World War, however, Flemish literature suffered from an existential crisis due to the fact that a small but prominent part of the Flemish Movement had collaborated with the German occupiers. Publishers therefore had to explore new ways in which to turn Flemish literature into a commercially and artistically successful commodity in Flanders and the Netherlands. Introducing a theoretical framework that was conceived of by Pierre Bourdieu and further elaborated on by Pascale Casanova in The World Republic of Letters, this article will discuss and interpret the ways in which Flemish publishers have edited, designed, and marketed literary texts, and explore the positive and negative effects which strategies of assimilation and differentiation have had on the reception of those texts. The reading practices engaged in by literary gatekeepers, both in Belgium and in the Netherlands, are shown to have been a profoundly influential force in the history of Flemish literature.

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HAMEL, CHOUKI EL. « CONSTRUCTING A DIASPORIC IDENTITY : TRACING THE ORIGINS OF THE GNAWA SPIRITUAL GROUP IN MOROCCO ». Journal of African History 49, n^o 2 (juillet 2008) : 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370800368x.

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ABSTRACTThis article reconstructs the forgotten past of the Gnawa who, over many generations, productively negotiated their forced presence in Morocco to create acceptance and group solidarity. The diaspora of black West Africans in Morocco, the majority of whom were forcefully transported across the Sahara and sold in different parts of Morocco, shares some important traits with the African trans-Atlantic diaspora, but differs at the same time. There are two crucial differences: the internal African diaspora in Morocco has primarily a musical significance and it lacks the desire to return to the original homeland. This diaspora is constructed positively around the right to belong to the culture of Islam, unlike the construction of the African American diasporic double consciousness. Black consciousness in Morocco exists in analogy to the Berber consciousness or the Arab notion of collective identity; it does not constitute a contradiction with itself. Black Moroccans perceive themselves first and foremost to be Muslim Moroccans and only perceive themselves secondarily as participants in a different tradition.

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Davis, James, Mark Jackson et Richard Jackson. « Heritage tourism and group identity : Polynesians in the American West ». Journal of Heritage Tourism 4, n^o 1 (février 2009) : 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17438730802139228.

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Smyth, Jessica. « The house and group identity in the Irish Neolithic ». Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy : Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature 111C, n^o 1 (2011) : 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ria.2011.0002.

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Smyth, Jessica. « The house and group identity in the Irish Neolithic ». Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C 111, n^o -1 (15 novembre 2010) : 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3318/priac.2010.111.1.

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Heyrman, Peter. « Belgian Government Policy and the Petite Bourgeoisie (1918–40) ». Contemporary European History 5, n^o 3 (novembre 1996) : 319–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300003908.

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Historical research into the petite bourgeoisie in Belgium did not begin until quite a bit later than it did abroad. On closer inspection, that was no bad thing. Because of the late start by Belgian historians, they were more open-minded and less inclined towards the research into the roots of Fascism which was largely based on pre-war sociological theories. Beginning in 1980, pioneering research was carried out at the Université Libre de Bruxelles – for the most part on the period before the First World War. The research group under the direction of Ginette Kurgan-van Hentenryk systematically analysed several important series of sources and produced interesting detailed studies. In 1993 Serge Jaumain published a comprehensive study on Belgian retail trade in the period from 1880 to 1914.

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Zadora, Anna. « Daily identity practices : Belarus and potato eaters ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 52, n^o 2 (23 mai 2019) : 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.05.001.

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Food cultivation, preparation and consumption are important references for shaping national identity. Food is a crystallization of the history of a national or ethnic group, of its traditions, mentality, and religious adherence and of very pragmatic material elements reflecting the way of life of the group, for instance, climatic conditions and socio-economic levels. All elements of the history of a group are transmitted and experienced in daily rituals relating to food. Food has strong symbolic, quasi-sacred associations in many cultures: for Slavic peoples bread is a very important symbol, and in Belarus potatoes are known as “the second bread”. The role played by banal everyday identity rituals is very important in complex political contexts, where identity building processes aimed at the transformation of a community into a nation-state with common identification denominators are not endorsed by political elite. Belarus is an extremely difficult case from the point of view of identity building: a country without a history (Zaprudnik, 1993), without a nation (Marples, 1999), without an identity (Bekus, 2010). In the Belarusian context, food - especially food which is cheap, rustic and simple to cultivate, such as potatoes - is an important identity marker.

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EDLUND, MARK B., et NORMAN A. ANDRESEN. « A brief history of the International Diatom Symposium ». Phytotaxa 127, n^o 1 (29 août 2013) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.4.

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The International Diatom Symposium began as the "First Symposium on Recent and Fossil Marine Diatoms" in Bremerhaven, Germany in 1970 with 15 diatomists in attendance. The informal group decided to meet on a biennial basis with meetings moving to different venues across Europe. The group grew with each of the early meetings and came to recognize the need to include both marine and freshwater researchers at the symposium. At the fifth meeting of the group, the name was changed to reflect this; the "Fifth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms" was held in Antwerp, Belgium in 1978. The meeting eventually adopted the name "International Diatom Symposium" at the 1982 seventh meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. In 1986, at the Ninth International Diatom Symposium in Bristol, UK, the International Society for Diatom Research (ISDR) was formally established and has used the International Diatom Symposium to hold their biennial meetings of the Council and the Society. The IDS continues as a biennial gathering of international diatomists with symposia venues proposed by members, subjected to member vote, and given final council approval. The Society has encouraged meetings beyond European and American venues; notable venues have included the first Asian meeting (Fourteenth International Diatom Symposium, in Tokyo, Japan), the first Australian meeting (Fifteenth International Diatom Symposium, in Perth, Australia), and a symposium held in Russia (Nineteenth International Diatom Symposium in Irkutsk, Russia).

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Haslam, S. Alexander, et Stephen D. Reicher. « Rethinking the Psychology of Leadership : From Personal Identity to Social Identity ». Daedalus 145, n^o 3 (juillet 2016) : 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00394.

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Leadership is an influence process that centers on group members being motivated to reach collective goals. As such, it is ultimately proven by followership. Yet this is something that classical and contemporary approaches struggle to explain as a result of their focus on the qualities and characteristics of leaders as individuals in the abstract. To address this problem, we outline a social identity approach that explains leadership as a process grounded in an internalized sense of shared group membership that leaders create, represent, advance, and embed. This binds leaders and followers to each other and is a basis for mutual influence and focused effort. By producing qualitative transformation in the psychology of leaders and followers it also produces collective power that allows them to coproduce transformation in the world. The form that this takes then depends on the model and content of the identity around which the group is united.

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