Articles de revues sur le sujet « Group Activity Selection »
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Darmann, Andreas, Edith Elkind, Sascha Kurz, Jérôme Lang, Joachim Schauer et Gerhard Woeginger. « Group activity selection problem with approval preferences ». International Journal of Game Theory 47, no 3 (14 octobre 2017) : 767–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00182-017-0596-4.
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Darmann, Andreas. « Manipulability in a group activity selection problem ». Social Choice and Welfare 52, no 3 (13 octobre 2018) : 527–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-018-1155-z.
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Darmann, Andreas. « A social choice approach to ordinal group activity selection ». Mathematical Social Sciences 93 (mai 2018) : 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2018.01.005.
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Darmann, Andreas. « Stable and Pareto optimal group activity selection from ordinal preferences ». International Journal of Game Theory 47, no 4 (3 février 2018) : 1183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00182-018-0612-3.
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Banos, Oresti, Miguel Damas, Hector Pomares, Alberto Prieto et Ignacio Rojas. « Daily living activity recognition based on statistical feature quality group selection ». Expert Systems with Applications 39, no 9 (juillet 2012) : 8013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.164.
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Carter, Cindy L., Georgiana Onicescu, Kathleen B. Cartmell, Katherine R. Sterba, James Tomsic, Todd Fox, Erica Dunmeyer et Anthony J. Alberg. « Factors associated with cancer survivors’ selection between two group physical activity programs ». Journal of Cancer Survivorship 4, no 4 (27 juillet 2010) : 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11764-010-0142-x.
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Yu, Na, Yongjian Zhao, Qi Han, Weiping Zhu et Hejun Wu. « Identification of Partitions in a Homogeneous Activity Group Using Mobile Devices ». Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3545327.
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People in public areas often appear in groups. People with homogeneous coarse-grained activities may be further divided into subgroups depending on more fine-grained behavioral differences. Automatically identifying these subgroups can benefit a variety of applications for group members. In this work, we focus on identifying such subgroups in a homogeneous activity group (i.e., a group of people who perform the same coarse-grained activity at the same time). We present a generic framework using sensors built in commodity mobile devices. Specifically, we propose a two-stage process, sensing modality selection given a coarse-grained activity, followed by multimodal clustering to identify subgroups. We develop one early fusion and one late fusion multimodal clustering algorithm. We evaluate our approaches using multiple datasets; two of them are with the same activity while the other has a different activity. The evaluation results show that the proposed multimodal-based approaches outperform existing work that uses only one single sensing modality and they also work in scenarios when manually selecting one sensing modality fails.
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Pérez-Domínguez, Luis, Alejandro Alvarado-Iniesta, Iván Rodríguez-Borbón et Osslan Vergara-Villegas. « Intuitionistic Fuzzy MOORA for Supplier Selection ». DYNA 82, no 191 (22 juin 2015) : 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n191.51143.
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<p class="ADYNAAbstrac"><span lang="EN-US">The supplier selection is a critical activity within the administration of the supply chain. It is considered a complex problem given that it involves different aspects such as the alternatives to evaluate, the multiple criteria involved as well as the group of decision makers with different opinions. In this sense, the literature reports several methods to help in this difficult activity of selecting the best supplier. However, there are still some gaps in these methods; therefore, it is imperative to further develop research. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to report a hybrid method between MOORA and intuitionistic fuzzy sets for the selection of suppliers with a focus on multi-criteria and multi-group environment. The importance of decision makers, criteria and alternatives are evaluated in terms of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Then, MOORA is used in order to determine the best supplier. An experimental case is developed in order to explain the proposed method in detail and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.</span></p>
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Song, Yeo-Jin, Soo-Kyung Cho, Hyoungyoung Kim, Hye Won Kim, Eunwoo Nam, Chan-Bum Choi, Tae-Hwan Kim et al. « Factors associated with selection of targeted therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ». PLOS ONE 18, no 1 (10 janvier 2023) : e0280234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280234.
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Objective Deciding which drug to choose for targeted therapy is an important step in sequential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to identify factors for selecting Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) rather than biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with RA in real-world practice. Methods We selected RA patients starting JAKis or bDMARDs from single-center prospective cohorts in Korea. Patients were divided into JAKi, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, and non-TNF inhibitor groups. We performed multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with selecting JAKis. Results 145, 205, and 89 patients were included in the JAKi, TNF inhibitor, and non-TNF inhibitor groups. In multinomial regression analysis, the JAKi group was older than the TNF inhibitor group (OR 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.05) but younger than the non-TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.97, CI 0.95–1.00). The JAKi group was less likely to have chronic pulmonary diseases compared with the TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.07, CI 0.01–0.56) or the non-TNF inhibitor group (OR 0.06, CI 0.01–0.50). Higher disease activity assessed by physician (OR 1.80, CI 1.51–2.38) and previous tacrolimus use (OR 2.05, CI 1.20–3.51) were factors suggesting selection of JAKis than TNF inhibitors. Conclusion Age, pulmonary comorbidities, previous tacrolimus use, and high disease activity assessed by physician were factors influencing the selection of JAKis for RA patients in Korea.
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Lima, Edson de Souza, Karen E. DeMatteo, Rodrigo S. P. Jorge, Maria Luisa S. P. Jorge, Julio Cesar Dalponte, Herson Souza Lima et Stuart A. Klorfine. « First telemetry study of bush dogs : home range, activity and habitat selection ». Wildlife Research 39, no 6 (2012) : 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11176.
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Context The bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is difficult to observe, capture, and study. To date, indirect evidence and opportunistic field observations have been the primary sources of information about the species’ ecology. Field data are urgently needed to clarify the species’ ecological requirements, behaviour and movement patterns. Aims The present study uses 13 months of telemetry data from a group of bush dogs to begin to address questions about area requirements, habitat preferences and movement patterns of this difficult-to-study species. Methods We tracked a group of bush dogs (two adults, one juvenile, four young) in an area of intact and altered Cerrado (woodland–savanna biome) in eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nova Xavantina District). Key results The group had a total home range of 140 km2 (fixed kernel 95%), with smaller seasonal ‘subareas’ (areas used for 1–2 months before moving to another area, with repetition of some areas over time) and demonstrated a preference for native habitats. Conclusions The bush dog’s home range is greater than that of other canids of the same size, even correcting for group size. Patterns of seasonal movement are also different from what has been observed in other South American canids. Implications From our observations in the Brazilian savanna, bush dogs need large tracks of native habitat for their long-term persistence. Although the present study is based on a single pack, it is highly relevant for bush dog conservation because it provides novel information on the species’ spatial requirements and habitat preferences.
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Binderkrantz, Anne Skorkjær, Darren R. Halpin et Helene Helboe Pedersen. « From Policy Interest to Media Appearance : Interest Group Activity and Media Bias ». International Journal of Press/Politics 25, no 4 (23 mai 2020) : 712–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161220916710.
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Media attention is a scarce, yet attractive, resource for interest groups. Existing studies show that media attention is concentrated on a relatively small number of well-resourced groups, often representing economic interests. However, the literature still struggles to disentangle the reasons behind this bias in media attention. Is it explained by media selection practices or uneven interest group activity? We cannot separate these two possible mechanisms by simply studying aggregate levels of media attention. In this study, we therefore compare the set of groups that lobby in specific policy areas with the groups that appear in the news on issues related to those same policy areas. The investigation is based on data from Denmark and the United Kingdom. First, we use survey data to identify the policy areas in which groups actively lobby. Second, we identify groups’ media appearances in news stories related to those same policy areas. Third, we compare diversity among the groups actively lobbying with the groups actually appearing in the news and investigate possible biases. We find that even when the analysis of media appearances is narrowed down to only those groups active in a policy area, the news media allow more access to well-resourced groups. However, in contrast to previous findings, differences in media appearances across interest group types are not reproduced. These results imply that media selection biases are mainly produced by varying lobbying resources rather than discrimination based on the type of interests that groups represent.
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Menzel, Michael A., Timothy C. Carter, Jennifer M. Menzel, W. Mark Ford et Brian R. Chapman. « Effects of group selection silviculture in bottomland hardwoods on the spatial activity patterns of bats ». Forest Ecology and Management 162, no 2-3 (juin 2002) : 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00516-3.
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Paderina, R. V., et N. D. Vinogradova. « Efficiency of selection of highly productive dairy cows ». Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no 3 (19 octobre 2022) : 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.3.84.
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In breeding work, a special role is given to the production, cultivation and use of highly productive animals, which provide the maximum economic income in the dairy cattle industry. The task of the research was to study the biological and economic characteristics, the characteristics of the lactation activity of highly productive holshtinized dairy cows.The studied animal population with an average maximum lactation impact of 10,511 kg was divided by productivity level into 3 groups. As a result of the studies, it was established that for 5 years the productivity of herd cows is at a level exceeding 10 thousand kg of milk. There was also a significant advantage of group 3 animals over group 1 peers from 8 kg at the age of 10 months increased to 13 kg at the age of 12 months, earlier insemination and longer productive longevity. An analysis of the lactation activity of cows showed that already 1 lactation of cows of the 3rd group significantly exceeded the peers of the other two groups in terms of yield by 504 and 3023 kg. The inter-group differences in yield per 1 lactation were1.6 and 6.8%, according to the average yield, they increased to 6.6 and 16.6%, and at the maximum to 15.7 and 34.6%.Comparing the ratio of productivity of female ancestors of animals of three groups (the superiority of the maximum impact of the mother of the father over the maximum impact of the mother), it can be seen that animals of the 3rd group are obtained as a result of more homogeneous, and animals of the 1st group as a result of heterogeneous selection: the percentage of superiority is lower in them than in animals of the 1st group (38.8% and 57.3%).
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Hebl, Michelle R. « Gender Bias in Leader Selection ». Teaching of Psychology 22, no 3 (octobre 1995) : 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2203_6.
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In this classroom exercise, students experience how stereotypes can result in biased leader selection and learn some introductory information about task-oriented competitive and social cooperative leaders. Students are placed in initially leaderless, mixed-sex (two men, two women) groups and asked to select leaders in preparation for a group activity. Half of the groups receive instructions that focus on competition; the other half receive instructions that emphasize cooperation. Overall, a disproportionate number of men are selected as leaders, substantiating past research that shows gender stereotypes guide individuals in selecting leaders. However, this bias appeared only after task-oriented competitive instructions. Men and women were selected as group leaders equally often after receiving social cooperative instructions. Questions that probe these findings are provided for class discussion. Students find this simple demonstration to be provocative, and they indicate that it helps them understand difficult concepts.
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Sellers, W. I., R. A. Hill et B. S. Logan. « An agent-based model of group decision making in baboons ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 362, no 1485 (11 avril 2007) : 1699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2064.
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We present an agent-based model of the key activities of a troop of chacma baboons ( Papio hamadryas ursinus ) based on the data collected at De Hoop Nature Reserve in South Africa. We analyse the predictions of the model in terms of how well it is able to duplicate the observed activity patterns of the animals and the relationship between the parameters that control the agent's decision procedure and the model's predictions. At the current stage of model development, we are able to show that across a wide range of decision parameter values, the baboons are able to achieve their energetic and social time requirements. The simulation results also show that decisions concerning movement (group action selection) have the greatest influence on the outcomes. Those cases where the model's predictions fail to agree with the observed activity patterns have highlighted key elements that were missing from the field data, and that would need to be collected in subsequent fieldwork. Based on our experience, we believe group decision making is a fertile field for future research, and agent-based modelling offers considerable scope for understanding group action selection.
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Prihandoko, Lastika Ary. « Energizing Students’ Academic Writing Competence through Research Group Activity (A Supervisor Intervention) ». International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no 2 (23 mai 2019) : 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.721.
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The outcome of having a manuscript published in reputable international journals leads students to various challenges. The supervisor has an essential role in succeeding students to achieve this goal. This study aims to determine the position of the supervisor in guiding students to have a publication in reputable international journals by a research group activity. This study focuses on retrieving data from three non-native speakers (NNS) supervisors who guide graduate students majoring in chemistry who have manuscripts published in reputable international journals. Data obtained by interview method. This research uses the qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Based on the data collected, the mentor has a crucial role in succeeding the students to have reputable international manuscript publications. Interventions conducted by supervisor varied from the selection of a title to the choice of journal publisher.
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Prihandoko, Lastika Ary. « Energizing Students’ Academic Writing Competence through Research Group Activity (A Supervisor Intervention) ». International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no 2 (28 mai 2019) : 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.795.
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The outcome of having a manuscript published in reputable international journals leads students to various challenges. The supervisor has an essential role in succeeding students to achieve this goal. This study aims to determine the position of the supervisor in guiding students to have a publication in reputable international journals by research group activity. This study focuses on retrieving data from three non-native speakers (NNS) supervisors who guide graduate students majoring in chemistry who have manuscripts published in reputable international journals. Data obtained by interview method. This research uses the qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Based on the data collected, the mentor has a crucial role in succeeding the students to have reputable international manuscript publications. Interventions conducted by supervisor varied from the selection of a title to the choice of journal publisher.
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Sodenkamp, Mariya A., et Leena Suhl. « A Multicriteria Multilevel Group Decision Method for Supplier Selection and Order Allocation ». International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 3, no 1 (janvier 2012) : 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2012010103.
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Supplier selection is an integral part of supply chain management (SCM). It plays a prominent role in the purchasing activity of manufacturing and trading companies. Evaluation of vendors and procurement planning requires simultaneous consideration of tangible and intangible decision factors, some of which may conflict. A large body of analytical and intuitive methods has been proposed to trade off conflicting aspects of realism and optimize the selection process. In the large companies the fields of decision makers’ (DMs) expertise are highly distributed and DMs’ authorities are unequal. On the other hand, the decision components and their interactions are very complex. These facts restrict the effectiveness of using the existing methods in practice. The authors present a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) method which facilitates making supplier selection decisions by the distributed groups of experts and improves quality of the order allocation decisions. A numerical example is presented and applicability of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in the Raiffeisen Westfalen Mitte, eG in Germany.
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Cserti, Christine M., et Walter H. Dzik. « The ABO blood group system and Plasmodium falciparum malaria ». Blood 110, no 7 (1 octobre 2007) : 2250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-03-077602.
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In the century since the discovery of the ABO blood groups, numerous associations between ABO groups and disease have been noted. However, the selection pressures defining the ABO distributions remain uncertain. We review published information on Plasmodium falciparum infection and ABO blood groups. DNA sequence information dates the emergence and development of the group O allele to a period of evolution before human migration out of Africa, concomitant with P falciparum's activity. The current geographic distribution of group O is also consistent with a selection pressure by P falciparum in favor of group O individuals in malaria-endemic regions. We critically review clinical reports of ABO and P falciparum infection, documenting a correlation between disease severity and ABO group. Finally, we review published data on the pathogenesis of P falciparum infection, and propose a biologic model to summarize the role of ABO blood groups in cytoadherence biology. Such ABO-related mechanisms also point to a new hypothesis to account for selection of the Le(a−b−) phenotype. Taken together, a broad range of available evidence suggests that the origin, distribution, and relative proportion of ABO blood groups in humans may have been directly influenced by selective genetic pressure from P falciparum infection.
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Rulon, Peter W. « Selection criteria for laboratory robotic application personnel ». Journal of Automatic Chemistry 14, no 2 (1992) : 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924692000129.
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Norwich Eaton Pharmaceutical recognized the benefits of using automation systems in the laboratory over seven years ago and created a robotic development area within the analytical method development group. They now have eight complete robotic systems and a large number of semi-automated systems in routine operation.This level of activity has provided many challenges for the automation group. The success of this group has been very dependent on the talents of people working these assignments. You can have the best equipment and the vendor's promises of success, but it is the people who understand the products and the requirements that get systems on line.Assembling an effective robotics organization requires prework on the part of management. There must be a clear vision of the specific types of activities the group will perform. This vision can be used to establish a skills profile for the members of the team. It appears that at least four people are required to provide the variety of skills and keep the group going.Each member's personality is an important component of establishing a new team. In robotics, one of the most critical talents is the ability to work on long term projects that constantly present new challenges. The group members need to balance consistency of purpose with the ability to creatively solve a variety of problems. The group will not be effective in delivering new technologies unless they have the talent to train the novice in a highly technical environment.People who are successful in automation development are unique. They should have the ability to work comfortably in a logic-based environment, to become very creative on demand, and to communicate highly technical information effectively. People do not usually possess all these skills, providing their manager with challenging coaching opportunities.
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Petrek, Josef. « Selection of Two Identical Pictures from a Group of Similar Ones II : Changes in Ongoing EEG Activity ». Activitas Nervosa Superior 50, no 1-2 (1 janvier 2008) : 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03379729.
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Yazdani-Chamzini, Abdolreza. « AN INTEGRATED FUZZY MULTI CRITERIA GROUP DECISION MAKING MODEL FOR HANDLING EQUIPMENT SELECTION ». JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no 5 (10 juillet 2014) : 660–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.802714.
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The problem of handling equipment selection plays a significant role in the total cost of a mining project; so that it can affect the activity and continuity of the project and is a strategic problem. In this study, an integrated model based on two fuzzy multi-criteria decision making techniques for handling equipment selection is proposed. The proposed evaluation model is derived from group decision making, fuzzy set theory, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and Technique to Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods. The fuzzy AHP (FAHP) method is utilized to calculate the relative importance of the evaluation criteria, then, fuzzy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS) is applied for evaluating the feasible handling equipment in order to select the best handling system among a pool of the possible alternatives. The model is applied for a real world case study to demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed model. To investigate the result sensitiveness to the changes of the criteria weights, a sensitivity analysis is finally conducted.
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Koch, J. L., S. C. Boulanger, S. D. Dib-Hajj, S. K. Hebbar et P. S. Perlman. « Group II introns deleted for multiple substructures retain self-splicing activity ». Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no 5 (mai 1992) : 1950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.5.1950-1958.1992.
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Group II introns can be folded into highly conserved secondary structures with six major substructures or domains. Domains 1 and 5 are known to play key roles in self-splicing, while the roles of domains 2, 3, 4, and 6 are less clear. A trans assay for domain 5 function has been developed which indicates that domain 5 has a binding site on the precursor RNA that is not predicted from any secondary structure element. In this study, the self-splicing group II intron 5 gamma of the coxI gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA was deleted for various intron domains, singly and in combinations. Those mutant introns were characterized for self-splicing reactions in vitro as a means of locating the domain 5 binding site. A single deletion of domain 2, 3, 4, or 6 does not block in vitro reactions at either splice junction, though the deletion of domain 6 reduces the fidelity of 3' splice site selection somewhat. Even the triple deletion lacking domains 2, 4, and 6 retains some self-splicing activity. The deletion of domains 2, 3, 4, and 6 blocks the reaction at the 3' splice junction but not at the 5' junction. From these results, we conclude that the binding site for domain 5 is within domain 1 and that the complex of 5' exon, domain 1, and domain 5 (plus short connecting sequences) constitutes the essential catalytic core of this intron.
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Koch, J. L., S. C. Boulanger, S. D. Dib-Hajj, S. K. Hebbar et P. S. Perlman. « Group II introns deleted for multiple substructures retain self-splicing activity. » Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no 5 (mai 1992) : 1950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.5.1950.
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Group II introns can be folded into highly conserved secondary structures with six major substructures or domains. Domains 1 and 5 are known to play key roles in self-splicing, while the roles of domains 2, 3, 4, and 6 are less clear. A trans assay for domain 5 function has been developed which indicates that domain 5 has a binding site on the precursor RNA that is not predicted from any secondary structure element. In this study, the self-splicing group II intron 5 gamma of the coxI gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA was deleted for various intron domains, singly and in combinations. Those mutant introns were characterized for self-splicing reactions in vitro as a means of locating the domain 5 binding site. A single deletion of domain 2, 3, 4, or 6 does not block in vitro reactions at either splice junction, though the deletion of domain 6 reduces the fidelity of 3' splice site selection somewhat. Even the triple deletion lacking domains 2, 4, and 6 retains some self-splicing activity. The deletion of domains 2, 3, 4, and 6 blocks the reaction at the 3' splice junction but not at the 5' junction. From these results, we conclude that the binding site for domain 5 is within domain 1 and that the complex of 5' exon, domain 1, and domain 5 (plus short connecting sequences) constitutes the essential catalytic core of this intron.
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ONISIFOROVA, Valentyna, et Vladyslava SIDELNIKOVA. « Algorithm and selection criteria for small enterprise taxation system in Ukraine ». Economics. Finances. Law, no 11/2 (21 novembre 2019) : 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.11(2).6.
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The problem of optimization of the tax burden is urgent for any enterprise that operates in a market economy. In current conditions in Ukraine the part of the enterprises which are belonged to the group of small in according to degree of they activity has a legally established and regulated alternative when choosing the method of their activities results taxation. These mean that these enterprises have a choice between a general and simplified system of their activity taxation. However, this choice should be made reasonably, taking into account all aspects of the activity of a particular enterprise. The purpose of the article is determination of the algorithm and criteria for selecting the most effective system of the enterprise activity results taxation, help to choice general or simplified taxation according to minimize the tax burden. In fact, the problem of choosing a tax system takes place only for the entrepreneurs of the third group. For entrepreneurs who belong to the first and second groups, a simplified tax system is by far the most appropriate. The main criterion for deciding about choosing the tax system is the control of level profitability. A simplified tax system that links the tax level to the income level of an enterprise is more profitable for businesses with a high level of profitability. This means that the profitability of the activity must exceed a certain threshold level at choosing this system. Under the current 18 percent income tax rate and the third group single tax rate of 5 percent of profit, the limiting level of profitability, exceeding of which is the criterion for the transition to a simplified tax system, is 28 percent. The profitability level will have a slight adjustment to the cost of accounting services if foreign workers are involved for this. However, such adjustments are insignificant. An important condition for the transition to a general system of taxation at a profitability level below the limiting level is the ability to full, accurate and objective reflection for all existing costs. The presence of large amounts of non-transparent costs is a factor for choice of simplified tax system.
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Napolitano, Fabio, Antonio Girolami, Corrado Pacelli et Ada Braghieri. « Activity Budgets and Forage Selection of Podolian Cattle, a Semiwild Bovine Breed ». ISRN Zoology 2011 (19 mai 2011) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/972804.
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This study aimed to describe the behaviour of Podolian breed, a semiwild cattle breed kept in a natural environment (as either a small group of young bulls or cows within a family herd), and the interaction of these animals with the environment in terms of ingestion from natural pastures. Diurnal grazing behavioural pattern was monitored through continuous focal animal recording method. The activity budget of free-ranging animals was characterized by high locomotor and feeding activities. They exhibited a high degree of adaptability to the local phytocoenosis with high levels of ferns' and tree foliage intakes performed by cows and the selection of a diet more nutritious than pasture performed by young bulls. These results along with the low levels of agonistic interactions recorded in the two experiments suggest that extensive systems based on grazing allow social stability and provide a natural environment for the expression of cattle species-specific behaviour.
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Golyakova, Natalia, Elena Alexeeva et Anna Krasilnikova. « Innovative health saving technologies in classes of special medical group ». KANT 37, no 4 (décembre 2020) : 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-37.79.
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At the stage of nowdays the main part of physical education system for special medical groups updates and creates intergative innovative methods of selection and aprobation of modern academic activity. The object of our research was gain in quality improvement of the academic activity of physical education for special medical groups. The research problem was searching and approbation of modern innovative health saving technologies to the "The physical training and sport elective subjects: physical culture for students of special medical group" classes. The literature sourses research was made for dealing with the problem and for searching innovations in the field of recreative physical culture, the nosological characteristic of students' health problem was detected, special medical group members were chosen as well as forms, materials and methods of physical education. The testing for students' health level detection and the results are shown.
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Liu, Huanhuan, Lijuan Liang, Li Zhang, Yao Lu et Baoguo Chen. « Modulatory role of inhibition during language switching : Evidence from evoked and induced oscillatory activity ». International Journal of Bilingualism 21, no 1 (26 juillet 2016) : 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006915600800.
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Aims: The present study adopted the electroencephalogram (EEG) technique to investigate whether inhibition advantage could modulate different language switches, regardless of the time spent on second language learning. Design: The inhibitory control (IC) ability of 80 low-proficient Chinese (L1)-English (L2) bilinguals was assessed by the Simon task. Half of these bilinguals were then subdivided into 20 high- and 20 low-IC participants to perform switching between L1 and L2 (L1–L2 switching), and the other half were subdivided into 20 high- and 20 low-IC participants to conduct switching between L1 and Lnew (L1–Lnew switching). All participants were required to name pictures (picture naming task) in their L1 and L2/Lnew in language switching task. Data and analysis: Both response latencies and EEG data were obtained, and then evoked and induced oscillations were calculated using time–frequency analysis. Findings: The results of language switching showed similar naming latencies for L1 and L2/Lnew switch trials in the high-IC group, whereas the low-IC group showed larger naming latencies for L1 switch trials than L2/Lnew switch trials. In contrast, the high-IC group exhibited larger theta evoked and induced power for L2/Lnew switch trials than L1 switch trials at the lexical selection level, whereas the low-IC group did not. These findings indicate that inhibition advantage helps the high-IC group to suppress effectively the non-target word via recruiting bottom-up (evoked oscillation) and top-down (induced oscillation) processes. Innovation: The present study was a first attempt to provide evidence that theta oscillation indicates cross-language interference at the lexical selection level. Significance: Inhibition plays a modulatory role in language switching, which is independent of the time spent on second language learning, and such role involves bottom-up (i.e., evoked oscillation) and top-down (i.e., induced oscillation) processes which were mainly evident at the lexical selection level.
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Tofil, Nancy M., Dawn Taylor Peterson, Julie Turner Wheeler, Amber Youngblood, J. Lynn Zinkan, Diego Lara, Brett Jakaitis, Julia Niebauer et Marjorie Lee White. « Repeated Versus Varied Case Selection in Pediatric Resident Simulation ». Journal of Graduate Medical Education 6, no 2 (1 juin 2014) : 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-13-00099.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Background Repeated exposure to pediatric emergency scenarios improves technical skills, but it is unclear whether repeated exposure to specific cases affects medical decision making in varied cases. Objective We sought to determine whether repeated exposure to 1 scenario would translate to improved performance and decision making in varied scenarios. Methods Senior pediatrics residents participated in 3 scenarios with scripted debriefing. Residents were randomized to repeated practice (RP) scenarios or mixed (MIX) scenarios. RP residents completed pulseless electrical activity (PEA) with different stems (Case 1, 2, 3). MIX residents completed PEA (Case 1), seizure (Case 2), and ventricular tachycardia (Case 3) scenarios. Four months later, participants returned to complete 3 more cases: PEA (Case 4), seizure (Case 5), and critical coarctation (Case 6). Results Twenty-three residents participated in the study and were randomized to either the RP or the MIX group. The RP group showed statistically significant improvement in time to start chest compressions, whereas the MIX group showed no improvement. Use of a backboard improved significantly in Case 4 for the RP group but not for the MIX group. Similarly, time to check glucose in the seizure scenario was significantly better in the MIX group that had previous exposure to a seizure scenario. No differences in performance were noted between groups in Case 6, which was new to both groups. Conclusions Results of this study indicate that whereas repeated exposure may improve decision-making skills in similar scenarios, it may not translate to improved medical decision making in other scenarios.
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Adnyani, Putu Kusuma, et Lulup Endah Tripalupi. « Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TPS dan Tipe Jigsaw ». Ekuitas : Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi 9, no 1 (29 juin 2021) : 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ekuitas.v9i1.28034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the classroom activity the teacher plays a role in the selection of learning models. It will have a great impact on student learning activities. Thus, this research aimed to find out the differences (1) students classroom activity of the experiment group, (2) students classroom activity of the control group, and (3) the significant differences of student classroom activities between the experimental group and the control group. Moreover, the research of study was experimental research. The instruments were using an observation form and documentation and the data were analysing by Independent Sample t-test. The results of this study disclosed (1) the experimental group showed very dynamic, (2) the control group were dynamic and (3) there were significant differences in the learning activities between the experimental group and control group students.
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Turnbull, Christine, Stephen Hoggard, Michael Gillings, Chris Palmer, Adam Stow, Doug Beattie, David Briscoe, Shannon Smith, Peter Wilson et Andrew Beattie. « Antimicrobial strength increases with group size : implications for social evolution ». Biology Letters 7, no 2 (29 septembre 2010) : 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0719.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We hypothesize that aggregations of animals are likely to attract pathogenic micro-organisms and that this is especially the case for semisocial and eusocial insects where selection ultimately led to group sizes in the thousands or even millions, attracting the epithet ‘superorganism’. Here, we analyse antimicrobial strength, per individual, in eight thrips species (Insecta: Thysanoptera) that present increasing innate group sizes and show that species with the largest group size (100–700) had the strongest antimicrobials, those with smaller groups (10–80) had lower antimicrobial activity, while solitary species showed none. Species with large innate group sizes showed strong antimicrobial activity while the semisocial species showed no activity until group size increased sufficiently to make activity detectable. The eusocial species behaved in a similar way, with detectable activity appearing once group size exceeded 120. These analyses show that antimicrobial strength is determined by innate group size. This suggests that the evolution of sociality that, by definition, increases group size, may have had particular requirements for defences against microbial pathogens. Thus, increase in group size, accompanied by increased antibiotic strength, may have been a critical factor determining the ‘point of no return’, early in the evolution of social insects, beyond which the evolution of social anatomical and morphological traits was irreversible. Our data suggest that traits that increase group size in general are accompanied by increased antimicrobial strength and that this was critical for transitions from solitary to social and eusocial organization.
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Pessoa, G. A., J. M. Trentin, A. P. Martini, D. R. Dotto, L. A. M. Centeno, M. L. Jardim, K. V. Aires et M. I. B. Rubin. « 180 SPERM SELECTION OF STALLION PONIES THROUGH GLASS WOOL ». Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no 1 (2014) : 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab180.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Two techniques of sperm concentration (centrifugation or filtering) and sperm separation technique with glass wool were applied to the sperm samples collected from 3 pony stallions (6 ejaculates; 2 from each stallion). Ejaculates were extended to a final concentration of 50 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1 using a nonfat dry milk-based extender and evaluations occurred at 24, 48, and 72 h after immediate ejaculate dilution and cooling. Each stallion was considered as a block, and semen from each stallion was assigned to 4 treatments: Group A (control): extended semen alone; Group B: extended-centrifuged semen; Group C: extended-sperm filtered semen; Group D: extended-glass wool-separated semen. All groups were tested for pH, osmolarity, motility, morphology, membrane functionality (hyposmotic), and cell viability (MTT assay). The experimental design was performed using a split-plot model. Data analysis at the level of 5% was performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni as post-hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Group D had the highest rate of viable cells (P < 0.05) after the separation procedure (Table 1). Group B had a higher percentage of cells with tail defects after processing compared with the controls and Groups A, C, and D (P < 0.05). More than 60% of the cells retained on the filter showed defects (P < 0.001). Progressive motility was greater in group D at 0, 24, and 48 h (P < 0.05). Seventy-two hours after cooling, motility in groups A and B was lower than in Group D (P < 0.01). Group D showed a higher number of cells with mitochondrial activity during the cooling period. In conclusion, the technique of sperm selection by gravity using a glass wool filter resulted in an increased number of viable sperms after cooling pony semen for 24, 48, and 72 h. Table 1.Effect of sperm concentration and separation techniques on mean ± standard error percent of intact sperm from 3 stallions ponies (2 ejaculates/pony) stained with eosin-nigrosin
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Wise, George W., David J. Hartmann et Bradley J. Fisher. « Exploration of the Relationship between Choral Singing and Successful Aging ». Psychological Reports 70, no 3_suppl (juin 1992) : 1175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3c.1175.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper describes a retirement village community chorus of 49 with the goal of understanding the place of choral activities in the lives of these older people. Group musical activity provides a link to previous satisfying experiences and serves as a preventive measure against alienation. However, the nature of the activity may be consistent with a willingness to give up some inner directedness. Additional research is recommended since the present design with a comparison group of 49 non-choral members did not allow separation of effects of selection from those of activity.
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Braddock, PhD, Barbara A., et Ellen Phipps, CTRS. « The effects of student home visits on activity engagement in persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders ». American Journal of Recreation Therapy 10, no 4 (1 octobre 2011) : 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2011.0023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose: To examine the effects of activity setup and student home visits on level of engagement in participants with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD) and on caregivers’ stress and confidence.Method: Participants in the Intervention group (N = 16) were matched to those in the Comparison group (N = 16). Participants and caregivers in the Intervention group received intervention over 8 weeks, whereas the Comparison group received activity selection and setup only.Results: Activity setup and cognitive aids promoted high levels of physical and verbal engagement in both groups. Persons with relatively less cognitive impairment were significantly more likely to engage in activity with adaptation and setup only. Compared with caregivers who did not receive student visits, caregivers with student support reported significant reductions in burden.Conclusions: Activity setup and student home visits may be most beneficial to the caregiver to reduce stress while sustaining home activity for the individual with ADRD.
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Zhang, J., et M. Granato. « The zebrafish unplugged gene controls motor axon pathway selection ». Development 127, no 10 (15 mai 2000) : 2099–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.10.2099.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En route to their targets, motor axons encounter choice points at which they select their future path. Experimental studies predict that at each choice point specialized cells provide local guidance to pathfinding motor axons, however, the identity of these cells and their signals is unknown. Here, we identify the zebrafish unplugged gene as a key component for choice point navigation of pioneering motor axons. We show that in unplugged mutant embryos, motor neuron growth cones reach the choice point but make inappropriate pathway decisions. Analysis of chimeric embryos demonstrates that unplugged activity is produced by a selective group of mesodermal cells located adjacent to the choice point. As the first motor growth cones approach the choice point, these mesodermal cells migrate away, suggesting that unplugged activity influences growth cones by a contact-independent mechanism. These data suggest that unplugged defines a somite-derived signal that elicits differential guidance decisions in motor growth cones.
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Mouthon, Michael, Asaid Khateb, François Lazeyras, Alan J. Pegna, Hannelore Lee-Jahnke, Caroline Lehr et Jean-Marie Annoni. « Second-language proficiency modulates the brain language control network in bilingual translators : an event-related fMRI study ». Bilingualism : Language and Cognition 23, no 2 (20 février 2019) : 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918001141.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractIn bilinguals, language proficiency has been advanced to influence the involvement of domain-general control networks in language selection. We assessed, in university student translators with moderate- to high-second language (L2) proficiency depending on their translation educational level, the functional activity in the key language and control areas (the caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex), during task- and language-selection in an oral production context. We found that L2 proficiency influenced the relative involvement of our regions of interest during language selection vs domain-general cognitive control processes. While the left middle frontal and left caudate areas were more involved during linguistic than alphanumeric task selection in the low L2 proficiency group, these regions were similarly involved in both tasks in the high-L2 proficiency group. These findings suggest that language selection relies primarily on a network within domain-general cognitive control system with an increase in resource needs when L2 proficiency is low.
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Arrendell, S., J. C. Wynne, G. H. Elkan et T. J. Schneeweis. « Bidirectional Selection for Nitrogenase Activity and Shoot Dry Weight Among Late Generation Progenies of a Virginia x Spanish Peanut Cross1 ». Peanut Science 13, no 2 (1 juillet 1986) : 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-13-2-12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F2-derived families from a cross between the Virginia (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F2-derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F5 and F6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N2-fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ. It was hypothesized that selection for increased N2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.
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McPeek, Robert M., et Edward L. Keller. « Saccade Target Selection in the Superior Colliculus During a Visual Search Task ». Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no 4 (1 octobre 2002) : 2019–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.2019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Because real-world scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many is clearly a fundamental problem faced by the saccadic system. We recorded from visual, movement, and visuo-movement (VM) neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) of monkeys performing a reaction-time visual-search task requiring them to make saccades to an odd-colored target presented with distractors. First, we compared the responses of SC neurons in search with their responses when a single target was presented without distractors (single-stimulus task). Consistent with earlier reports, initial visual activity was smaller in search than in the single-stimulus task, while movement-related activity in the two tasks was comparable. Further experiments showed that much of the reduction in the initial visual response during search was due to lateral inhibition, although a top-down task-related component was also evident. Although the initial visual activity did not discriminate the target from the distractors, some neurons showed a biphasic pattern of visual activity. In VM burst neurons, the second phase of this activity was significantly larger when the target, rather than a distractor, was in the response field. We traced the time course of target/distractor discrimination using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and found that VM burst neurons, VM prelude neurons, and pure movement neurons discriminated the target from distractors before saccade onset but that phasic and tonic pure visual neurons did not. We also examined the relationship between target/distractor discrimination time and saccade latency. Discrimination in VM burst neurons having a biphasic pattern of visual activity and in many VM prelude neurons occurred after a consistent delay that did not depend on saccade latency, suggesting that these neurons are involved in target selection as well as movement initiation. In contrast, VM burst neurons lacking a biphasic pattern of visual activity, pure movement neurons, and a subset of VM prelude neurons discriminated the target at a time that was well correlated with saccade latency, suggesting that this latter group of neurons is involved in triggering movement execution but not in target selection. Thus a mix of signals likely related to target selection and movement initiation co-exists in different groups of SC neurons. This suggests that certain types of SC neurons participate in the target selection process and that the SC as a whole represents a gateway for target selection signals to be converted into a saccadic command.
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Freeman, Dilys J., Christopher J. Packard, James Shepherd et Dairena Gaffney. « Polymorphisms in the Gene Coding for Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein are Related to Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Transfer Protein Activity ». Clinical Science 79, no 6 (1 décembre 1990) : 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0790575.
Texte intégralRésumé :
1. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity may have a physiological effect on high-density lipoprotein levels. 2. We examined restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and the apolipoprotein AI gene in a group of 60 unrelated subjects selected from an initial survey of 5000 subjects on the basis of their high-density lipoprotein levels being high or low at the extremes of the distribution. The activities of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lectithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.43) were also determined. Analysis by selection of those with a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (≤ 1.1 for males, ≤ 1.2 for females) gave 32 individuals with 24% B2 alleles. Selection of subjects with a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (≥ 2 mmol/l) gave 17 with 62% B2 alleles. 3. The group with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol had higher activity of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and significantly elevated triacylglycerol levels when compared with the group with high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 4. A further significant finding was the correlation of the Msp1 restriction fragment length polymorphism detected by the apolipoprotein AI gene with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity.
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Michael Stewart, R. « Broadening perspectives on regional quarry-related studies ». North American Archaeologist 42, no 3 (5 janvier 2021) : 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197693120980545.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Any productive or technological activity takes place in a social context and is embedded in a history of native practices, perceptions, and use of multiple landscapes. This paper explores topics that supplement and build upon technological and cultural historical approaches to quarry research. Briefly considered are: quarries as common ground and loci of group interaction; a taskscape/landscape approach to quarry selection and history of use; color and the selection of toolstone; and the relationship between settlement patterns, landscape learning, lithic preferences, quarry selection, social memory, and changing lithic technologies.
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Orgeret, Florian, Henri Weimerskirch et Charles-André Bost. « Early diving behaviour in juvenile penguins : improvement or selection processes ». Biology Letters 12, no 8 (août 2016) : 20160490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0490.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The early life stage of long-lived species is critical to the viability of population, but is poorly understood. Longitudinal studies are needed to test whether juveniles are less efficient foragers than adults as has been hypothesized. We measured changes in the diving behaviour of 17 one-year-old king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus at Crozet Islands (subantartic archipelago) during their first months at sea, using miniaturized tags that transmitted diving activity in real time. We also equipped five non-breeder adults with the same tags for comparison. The data on foraging performance revealed two groups of juveniles. The first group made shallower and shorter dives that may be indicative of early mortality while the second group progressively increased their diving depths and durations, and survived the first months at sea. This surviving group of juveniles required the same recovery durations as adults, but typically performed shallower and shorter dives. There is thereby a relationship between improved diving behaviour and survival in young penguins. This long period of improving diving performance in the juvenile life stage is potentially a critical period for the survival of deep avian divers and may have implications for their ability to adapt to environmental change.
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Swallow, John G., Theodore Garland, Patrick A. Carter, Wen-Zhi Zhan et Gary C. Sieck. « Effects of voluntary activity and genetic selection on aerobic capacity in house mice (Mus domesticus) ». Journal of Applied Physiology 84, no 1 (1 janvier 1998) : 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.69.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Swallow, John G., Theodore Garland, Jr., Patrick A. Carter, Wen-Zhi Zhan, and Gary C. Sieck. Effects of voluntary activity and genetic selection on aerobic capacity in house mice ( Mus domesticus). J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 69–76, 1998.—An animal model was developed to study effects on components of exercise physiology of both “nature” (10 generations of genetic selection for high voluntary activity on running wheels) and “nurture” (7–8 wk of access or no access to running wheels, beginning at weaning). At the end of the experiment, mice from both wheel-access groups were significantly lighter in body mass than mice from sedentary groups. Within the wheel-access group, a statistically significant, negative relationship existed between activity and final body mass. In measurements of maximum oxygen consumption during forced treadmill exercise (V˙o 2 max), mice with wheel access were significantly more cooperative than sedentary mice; however, trial quality was not a significant predictor of individual variation in V˙o 2 max. Nested two-way analysis of covariance demonstrated that both genetic selection history and access to wheels had significant positive effects on V˙o 2 max. A 12% difference inV˙o 2 max existed between wheel-access selected mice, which had the highest mass-correctedV˙o 2 max, and sedentary control mice, which had the lowest. The respiratory exchange ratio at V˙o 2 max was also significantly lower in the wheel-access group. Our results suggest the existence of a possible genetic correlation between voluntary activity levels (behavior) and aerobic capacity (physiology).
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Pavlinac, Ida Boček, Katarina Zlatić, Leentje Persoons, Dirk Daelemans, Mihajlo Banjanac, Vedrana Radovanović, Kristina Butković, Marijeta Kralj et Marijana Hranjec. « Biological Activity of Amidino-Substituted Imidazo [4,5-b]pyridines ». Molecules 28, no 1 (21 décembre 2022) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A series of cyano- and amidino-substituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines were synthesized using standard methods of organic synthesis, and their biological activity was evaluated. Biological evaluation included in vitro assessment of antiproliferative effects on a diverse selection of human cancer cell lines, antibacterial activity against chosen Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, and antiviral activity on a broad panel of DNA and RNA viruses. The most pronounced antiproliferative activity was observed for compound 10, which contained an unsubstituted amidino group, and compound 14, which contained a 2-imidazolinyl amidino group; both displayed selective and strong activity in sub-micromolar inhibitory concentration range against colon carcinoma (IC50 0.4 and 0.7 μM, respectively). All tested compounds lacked antibacterial activity, with the exception of compound 14, which showed moderate activity against E. coli (MIC 32 μM). Bromo-substituted derivative 7, which contained an unsubstituted phenyl ring (EC50 21 μM), and para-cyano-substituted derivative 17 (EC50 58 μM) showed selective but moderate activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
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Widi, Angga, Eko Wahyu N et Ahedi Syukro. « KINERJA PENILAIAN INDIVIDU MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS KATEGORI YANG TEPAT DALAM PROSES PEMILIHAN KARYAWAN ». Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Advantage 2, no 1 (30 juin 2018) : 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30741/adv.v2i1.296.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For employers the process of employee selection is an important activity in the effort to get a workforce or adequate workers in receiving assignments to perform certain types of work. Many methods can be used in the employee selection process, one such method is category analysis. Whatever type of selection method, of course the company expects to achieve an accurate selection results. In writing this article the researcher wants to show one form of application of the method so that the selection result can give a picture of transparent result. This method is numerical using a score approach through a focus group discussion process. This categorical method is no less accurate than other similar methods in the recruitment selection process of employees in the company because it is quite objective.
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Wen, Xu, Ying Zhang, Zan Gao, Wei Zhao, Jiang Jie et Li Bao. « Effect of Mini-Trampoline Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Preschool Children ». BioMed Research International 2018 (2018) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2712803.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study investigated the effect of mini-trampoline physical activity on the development of executive functions (EF) in Chinese preschool children. Fifty-seven children aged 3–5 were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=29) and a control group (n=28). The children in the intervention and control group had the same classes and care service in the preschool, but children in the intervention group had an extra 20 min of trampoline training after school for 5 school days per week in the 10-week intervention. Spatial conflict arrow (SCA), animal Go/NoGo (GNG), working memory span (WMS), and flexible item selection (FIS) were used to assess children’s EF before and after the intervention. Results revealed that no significant differences emerged in the SCA, GNG, WMS, and FIS tests between two groups postintervention. Findings indicated that a 10-week trampoline PA training may not be sufficient to trigger the improvement of preschool children’s EF. Future research with larger representative samples is warranted to discern the dose-response evidence in enhancing young children’s EF through physical activity.
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Houle-Leroy, Philippe, Helga Guderley, John G. Swallow et Theodore Garland. « Artificial selection for high activity favors mighty mini-muscles in house mice ». American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no 2 (1 février 2003) : R433—R443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00179.2002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
After 14 generations of selection for voluntary wheel running, mice from the four replicate selected lines ran, on average, twice as many revolutions per day as those from the four unselected control lines. To examine whether the selected lines followed distinct strategies in the correlated responses of the size and metabolic capacities of the hindlimb muscles, we examined mice from selected lines, housed for 8 wk in cages with access to running wheels that were either free to rotate (“wheel access” group) or locked (“sedentary”). Thirteen of twenty individuals in one selected line (line 6) and two of twenty in another (line 3) showed a marked reduction (∼50%) in total hindlimb muscle mass, consistent with the previously described expression of a small-muscle phenotype. Individuals with these “mini-muscles” were not significantly smaller in total body mass compared with line-mates with normal-sized muscles. Access to free wheels did not affect the relative mass of the mini-muscles, but did result in typical mammalian training effects for mitochondrial enzyme activities. Individuals with mini-muscles showed a higher mass-specific muscle aerobic capacity as revealed by the maximal in vitro rates of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase. Moreover, these mice showed the highest activities of hexokinase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase. Females with mini-muscles showed the highest levels of phosphofructokinase, and males with mini-muscles the highest levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase. As shown by total muscle enzyme contents, the increase in mass-specific aerobic capacity almost completely compensated for the reduction caused by the “loss” of muscle mass. Moreover, the mini-muscle mice exhibited the lowest contents of lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen phosphorylase. Interestingly, metabolic capacities of mini-muscled mice resemble those of muscles after endurance training. Overall, our results demonstrate that during selection for voluntary wheel running, distinct adaptive paths that differentially exploit the genetic variation in morphological and physiological traits have been followed.
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Houle-Leroy, Philippe, Theodore Garland, John G. Swallow et Helga Guderley. « Effects of voluntary activity and genetic selection on muscle metabolic capacities in house mice Mus domesticus ». Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no 4 (1 octobre 2000) : 1608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.4.1608.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Selective breeding is an important tool in behavioral genetics and evolutionary physiology, but it has rarely been applied to the study of exercise physiology. We are using artificial selection for increased wheel-running behavior to study the correlated evolution of locomotor activity and physiological determinants of exercise capacity in house mice. We studied enzyme activities and their response to voluntary wheel running in mixed hindlimb muscles of mice from generation 14, at which time individuals from selected lines ran more than twice as many revolutions per day as those from control (unselected) lines. Beginning at weaning and for 8 wk, we housed mice from each of four replicate selected lines and four replicate control lines with access to wheels that were free to rotate (wheel-access group) or locked (sedentary group). Among sedentary animals, mice from selected lines did not exhibit a general increase in aerobic capacities: no mitochondrial [except pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)] or glycolytic enzyme activity was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than in control mice. Sedentary mice from the selected lines exhibited a trend for higher muscle aerobic capacities, as indicated by higher levels of mitochondrial (cytochrome- c oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase, citrate synthase, and PDH) and glycolytic (hexokinase and phosphofructokinase) enzymes, with concomitant lower anaerobic capacities, as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (especially in male mice). Consistent with previous studies of endurance training in rats via voluntary wheel running or forced treadmill exercise, cytochrome- c oxidase, citrate synthase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity increased in the wheel-access groups for both genders; hexokinase also increased in both genders. Some enzymes showed gender-specific responses: PDH and lactate dehydrogenase increased in wheel-access male but not female mice, and glycogen phosphorylase decreased in female but not in male mice. Two-way analysis of covariance revealed significant interactions between line type and activity group; for several enzymes, activities showed greater changes in mice from selected lines, presumably because such mice ran more revolutions per day and at greater velocities. Thus genetic selection for increased voluntary wheel running did not reduce the capability of muscle aerobic capacity to respond to training.
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Anikeenko, L. « Features of game activity of basketball students ». (Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no 2(130) (22 février 2021) : 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.2(130).01.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article covers the issue of playing activities in basketball. The value of speed and accuracy of basketball players' game actions is revealed. The dependence of basketball players' game efficiency on indicators of their psychophysical development of their organism and the need to study the influence of morphofunctional and psychophysiological indicators of basketball players on the speed and accuracy of game actions are substantiated.
In sports games, technical training is of great importance, which includes a large number of different techniques. Basketball activity is based on individual and group technical actions of athletes, the main of which are throws to the basket, passes, driving, interception, selection, selection of the ball, etc. The ability to perform these actions quickly and accurately is the main condition for a successful game of basketball players.
Game efficiency depends on the spatio-temporal characteristics of game actions, which, in turn, are determined by the peculiarities of the psychophysical development of the body of athletes.
One of the main ways to achieve high sportsmanship is the constant improvement of the technique of the chosen sport, the study of its structure, components and psychophysiological basis.
Therefore, the study of the parameters of the game activities of students who play basketball, which includes analysis of the impact of morphofunctional and psychophysiological indicators of the body on competitive efficiency, is relevant in today's conditions of intensification of sports training.
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S., Sivakumar, Kamalakannan M., Kalpana A. P., Prakash J. et Arun B. « Effect of Mulligan’s mobilization combined with motor control exercises on pain functional ability and muscle activity in sacroiliac joint dysfunction ». Biomedicine 42, no 5 (14 novembre 2022) : 1074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i5.1666.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction and Aim: Sacroiliac joint dysfunction accounts 15% to 30% 0f low back ache conditions, If the SIJ is hypomobile, it cannot be effectively absorbed forces causing other body parts may be overstressed causing musculoskeletal dysfunction. This study’s aim is to identify the effect of mulligan’s joint mobilization techniques, motor control exercises and, aerobic exercises on pain functional ability and muscle activity in patients with SI joint dysfunction. Methodology: Randomized controlled study was done by selecting patients with SI joint dysfunction. 185 participants with low back pain were evaluated and out of them 116 had positive SI joint dysfunction and 95 were selected based on selection criteria. Computer- assisted randomization was done to divide the participants into three groups. Based on that group I has got 30, group II has 33, and group III has 32. Group I participants underwent Mulligan’s mobilisation for SI joint and followed by motor control exercises, Group II participants underwent motor control exercises and Group III participants underwent Aerobic exercises. All the treatment was given for 45 minutes 5 days per week for 6 weeks of duration. This study uses functional disability, Transverses abdominis muscle endurance, and pain measured using the Oswestry disability index, pressure biofeedback and numerical pain scale respectively. Results: On comparing group I and group II, the group I shows a significant improvement in all the outcomes. The ANOVA results show that the p-value is < .00001. The result is significant at p <0.05. Conclusion: This study concludes that mulligans mobilization with motor control exercises would significantly improve pain, functional disability, and transverses abdominis muscle endurance.
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Li, Xiang, Shuangshuang Huang, Li Xu et Yunjun Yan. « Conformation and Catalytic Properties Studies ofCandida rugosaLip7 via Enantioselective Esterification of Ibuprofen in Organic Solvents and Ionic Liquids ». Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/364730.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen was conducted to evaluate the enzyme activity and ees of lipase fromCandida rugosa(CRL7) in ten conventional organic solvents and three ionic liquids. Different alcohols were tested for selecting the most suitable acyl acceptor due to the fact that the structure of alcohols (branch and length of carbon chains; location of –OH functional group) could affect the enzyme activity and ees. The results of alcohol and solvent selection revealed that 1-isooctanol and isooctane were the best substrate and reaction medium, respectively, because of the highest enzyme activity and ees. Compared with the control, conformational studies via FT-IR indicate that the variations of CRL7’s secondary structure elements are probably responsible for the differences of enzyme activity and ees in the organic solvents and ionic liquids. Moreover, the effects of reaction parameters, such as molar ratio, water content, temperature, and reaction time, in the selected reaction medium, were also examined.