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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Groundwater processes »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Groundwater processes"

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Person, Mark. « Groundwater in Geologic Processes ». Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 81, no 18 (2000) : 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/00eo00139.

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Bottrell, Simon. « Groundwater in geologic processes ». Geophysical Journal International 145, no 1 (avril 2001) : 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2001.00296.x.

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Rostron, Benjamin J. « Groundwater in Geologic Processes ». Geofluids 9, no 4 (novembre 2009) : 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2009.00253.x.

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Hernández-Antonio, A., J. Mahlknecht, C. Tamez-Meléndez, J. Ramos-Leal, A. Ramírez-Orozco, R. Parra, N. Ornelas-Soto et C. J. Eastoe. « Groundwater flow processes and mixing in active volcanic systems : the case of Guadalajara (Mexico) ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no 9 (24 septembre 2015) : 3937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3937-2015.

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Abstract. Groundwater chemistry and isotopic data from 40 production wells in the Atemajac and Toluquilla valleys, located in and around the Guadalajara metropolitan area, were determined to develop a conceptual model of groundwater flow processes and mixing. Stable water isotopes (δ2H, δ18O) were used to trace hydrological processes and tritium (3H) to evaluate the relative contribution of modern water in samples. Multivariate analysis including cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to elucidate distribution patterns of constituents and factors controlling groundwater chemistry. Based on this analysis, groundwater was classified into four groups: cold groundwater, hydrothermal groundwater, polluted groundwater and mixed groundwater. Cold groundwater is characterized by low temperature, salinity, and Cl and Na concentrations and is predominantly of Na-HCO3-type. It originates as recharge at "La Primavera" caldera and is found predominantly in wells in the upper Atemajac Valley. Hydrothermal groundwater is characterized by high salinity, temperature, Cl, Na and HCO3, and the presence of minor elements such as Li, Mn and F. It is a mixed-HCO3 type found in wells from Toluquilla Valley and represents regional flow circulation through basaltic and andesitic rocks. Polluted groundwater is characterized by elevated nitrate and sulfate concentrations and is usually derived from urban water cycling and subordinately from agricultural return flow. Mixed groundwaters between cold and hydrothermal components are predominantly found in the lower Atemajac Valley. Twenty-seven groundwater samples contain at least a small fraction of modern water. The application of a multivariate mixing model allowed the mixing proportions of hydrothermal fluids, polluted waters and cold groundwater in sampled water to be evaluated. This study will help local water authorities to identify and dimension groundwater contamination, and act accordingly. It may be broadly applicable to other active volcanic systems on Earth.
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Hernández-Antonio, A., J. Mahlknecht, C. Tamez-Meléndez, J. Ramos-Leal, A. Ramírez-Orozco, R. Parra, N. Ornelas-Soto et C. J. Eastoe. « Groundwater flow processes and mixing in active volcanic systems : the case of Guadalajara (Mexico) ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no 2 (3 février 2015) : 1599–631. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-1599-2015.

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Abstract. Groundwater chemistry and isotopic data from 40 production wells in the Atemajac and Toluquilla Valleys, located in and around the Guadalajara metropolitan area, were determined to develop a conceptual model of groundwater flow processes and mixing. Multivariate analysis including cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to elucidate distribution patterns of constituents and factors controlling groundwater chemistry. Based on this analysis, groundwater was classified into four groups: cold groundwater, hydrothermal water, polluted groundwater and mixed groundwater. Cold groundwater is characterized by low temperature, salinity, and Cl and Na concentrations and is predominantly of Na-HCO3 type. It originates as recharge at Primavera caldera and is found predominantly in wells in the upper Atemajac Valley. Hydrothermal water is characterized by high salinity, temperature, Cl, Na, HCO3, and the presence of minor elements such as Li, Mn and F. It is a mixed HCO3 type found in wells from Toluquilla Valley and represents regional flow circulation through basaltic and andesitic rocks. Polluted groundwater is characterized by elevated nitrate and sulfate concentrations and is usually derived from urban water cycling and subordinately from agricultural practices. Mixed groundwaters between cold and hydrothermal components are predominantly found in the lower Atemajac Valley. Tritium method elucidated that practically all of the sampled groundwater contains at least a small fraction of modern water. The multivariate mixing model M3 indicates that the proportion of hydrothermal fluids in sampled well water is between 13 (local groundwater) and 87% (hydrothermal water), and the proportion of polluted water in wells ranges from 0 to 63%. This study may help local water authorities to identify and quantify groundwater contamination and act accordingly.
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Foster, S. S. D., et P. J. Chilton. « Groundwater : the processes and global significance of aquifer degradation ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B : Biological Sciences 358, no 1440 (5 novembre 2003) : 1957–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1380.

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The exploitation of groundwater resources for human use dates from the earliest civilizations, but massive resource development has been largely restricted to the past 50 years. Although global in scope, the emphasis of this paper is on groundwater–based economies in a developing nation context, where accelerated resource development has brought major social and economic benefits over the past 20 years. This results from groundwater's significant role in urban water supply and in rural livelihoods, including irrigated agriculture. However, little of the economic benefit of resource development has been reinvested in groundwater management, and concerns about aquifer degradation and resource sustainability began to arise. A general review, for a broad–based audience, is given of the mechanisms and significance of three semi–independent facets of aquifer degradation. These are (i) depletion of aquifer storage and its effects on groundwater availability, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; (ii) groundwater salinization arising from various different processes of induced hydraulic disturbance and soil fractionation; and (iii) vulnerability of aquifers to pollution from land–use and effluent discharge practices related to both urban development and agricultural intensification. Globally, data with which to assess the status of aquifer degradation are of questionable reliability, inadequate coverage and poor compilation. Recourse has to be made to ‘type examples’ and assumptions about the extension of similar hydrogeological settings likely to be experiencing similar conditions of groundwater demand and subsurface contaminant load. It is concluded that (i) aquifer degradation is much more than a localized problem because the sustainability of the resource base for much of the rapid socio–economic development of the second half of the twentieth century is threatened on quite a widespread geographical basis; and (ii) major (and long overdue) investments in groundwater resource and quality protection are urgently needed. These investments include appropriate institutional provisions, demand–side management, supply–side enhancement and pollution control.
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Listiyani R.A., T. « HYDROCHEMISTRY OF GROUNDWATER IN GEYER, GROBOGAN PROVINCE, CENTRAL JAVA ». KURVATEK 1, no 2 (23 mai 2017) : 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33579/krvtk.v1i2.230.

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The demand of clean water as well as good quality of drinking water in research area puss the author for knowing about groundwater quality in research area. The aim of the research is to understand the hydrochemistry of groundwater in study area, includinghydrochemical processes and the influence of minerals or rocks to groundwater quality. The methods in the research are groundwater and rocks sampling, petrography and also groundwater’s chemical analysis.Result of this study shows that groundwater quality in Geyer area is influenced by minerals and rocks in that place with dissolution and ions exchange would be important processes. Minerals which composed rocks are dominated by calcareous and clay minerals. These minerals supply chemical components such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, carbonate and bicarbonate to groundwater. Key words: hydrochemistry, groundwater, hydrochemical process, major ion.
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van Sambeek, M. H. G., H. G. M. Eggenkamp et M. J. M. Vissers. « The groundwater quality of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao : a hydrogeochemical study ». Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 79, no 4 (décembre 2000) : 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600021958.

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AbstractThe Groundwater resources on the Caribbean Islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao are limited and of poor quality. The groundwater of the islands is brackish, due to both seawater mixing and the semi-arid climate of the islands. Two hundred and thirty water samples were collected to relate chemical variations in the groundwater of the three islands to the underlying differences in geology, and to define the natural versus anthropogenic influences. Both the chemical and isotopic (δ180, δD, and δ37Cl) compositions of samples were determined.Several geochemical processes are recognised in the chemistry of the groundwater samples. The most important processes are calcite dissolution, cation exchange, silicate weathering and potassium fixation. In (sub)urban areas anthropogenic influences affect the groundwater quality: high nitrate concentrations were measured. Infiltrating domestic and agricultural (waste)water replenishes the aquifer, and has a desalinization effect on the groundwater quality. This phenomenon is primarily seen on Curaçao, the most populated island.Oxygen and hydrogen isotopie compositions of groundwaters from Curaçao and Bonaire show that the samples are either meteoric water, or are affected by evaporation or seawater mixing. No distinction could be made between the last two processes. Only a few samples were measured for the Cl-isotope composition; all showed that no physical processes have taken place.
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Bekins, Barbara. « Preface - Groundwater and microbial processes ». Hydrogeology Journal 8, no 1 (13 mars 2000) : 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050002.

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Trembàczowski, Andrzej. « Sulphur and Oxygen Isotopes Behaviour in Sulphates of Atmospheric Ground water System Observations and Model ». Hydrology Research 22, no 1 (1 février 1991) : 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1991.0004.

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Comparison of sulphate concentrations in groundwaters and atmospheric precipitation suggests that about 30 % of groundwater sulphate may be of atmospheric origin. Another source of sulphate ion is the oxidation of sulphur compounds by microorganisms in the soil or in the aquifer. The sulphates of atmospheric and biogenic origin are mixed in the soil and subsequently the mixture gets into the groundwater. The ð34S data suggest, that ð34S of biogenic sulphates is the same as that of atmospheric sulphates. Processes such as: the assimilation of sulphates by plants, their decay and oxidation of organic compounds do not change the ð34S significantly. Significant differences between ð18O values of sulphates of atmospheric and biogenic origin, which are created by microbiological sulphur-oxidizing processes, may be useful for interpretation of the processes in the groundwater system.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Groundwater processes"

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Vlatsa, Dimitra A. « Stochastic control of groundwater systems ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19426.

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Pérez, Paricio Alfredo. « Integrated modelling of clogging processes in artificial groundwater recharge ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6214.

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La Recàrrega Artificial d'aqüífers és una tècnica extremadamente poderosa per optimitzar la gestió dels recursos hídrics. De cara a eliminar actituds escèptiques respecte a la seva aplicabilitat en nombroses situacions, és essencial adquirir més coneixements sobre els conceptes quantitatius més importants. Un tema crític és el de la minimització de la colmatació en dispositius de recàrrega. Atesa la extraòrdinaria importància d'aquest problema, es va efectuar una intensa recerca bibliogràfica que permetés determinar els processos bàsics que tenen lloc en la colmatació de plantes de recàrrega. Això, juntament amb la informació de tipus tecnológic subministrada per gestors de plantes de recàrrega, ha permès proposar un model matemàtic conceptual que integra els processos principals: retenció de partícules en suspensió portades per l'aigua de recàrrega, precipitació de minerals, creixement bacterià, generació de gas y compactació. Amb l'ajuda dels codis ja existents, l'esmentat model fou posteriorment incorporat a un programa d'elements finits tridimensionals que és capaç de tractar els cinc processos citats. El programa ha estat aplicat a tres casos de laboratori i a un experiment de camp amb el fi d'establir la validesa del marc conceptual adoptat.

Aquesta tesi descriu els aspectes principals del model, els seus fonaments teòrics, la implementació numèrica i l'aplicació als exemples citats. La varietat de condicions simulades i els resultats aconseguits confirmen que el programa pot reproduir de forma satisfactòria una ampli ventall de problemes de colmatació, entre les quals s'inclouen sistemes superficials (bassas) i profunds (pous), flux radial i vertical, transport reactiu multicomponent, i d'altres. Això demostra la utilitat del programa per integrar dades de naturalesa completament diferente. A pesar de les limitacions inherents a tota formulació matemàtica, la modelació integrada proporciona estimacions quantitatives del potencial colmatant. Consegüentment, pot ser considerada com a una eina bàsica per al disseny i gestió de plantes de recàrrega i, eventualment, amb un fi predictiu.
La Recarga Artificial de acuíferos es una técnica extremadamente poderosa para optimizar la gestión de los recursos hídricos. De cara a eliminar actitudes escépticas respecto a su aplicabilidad en numerosas situaciones, es esencial adquirir más conocimientos sobre los conceptos cuantitativos más importantes. Un tema crítico es el de la minimización de la colmatación en dispositivos de recarga. Dada la extraordinaria importancia de este problema, se efectuó una intensa búsqueda bibliográfica que permitiera determinar los procesos básicos que tienen lugar en la colmatación de plantas de recarga. Esto, junto con la información de tipo tecnológico suministrada por gestores de plantas de recarga, ha permitido proponer un modelo matemático conceptual que integra los procesos principales: retención de partículas en suspensión en el agua de recarga, precipitación de minerales, crecimiento bacteriano, generación de gas y compactación. Con la ayuda de códigos ya existentes, dicho modelo fue posteriormente incorporado en un programa de elementos finitos tridimensional que es capaz de tratar los cinco procesos citados. El programa ha sido aplicado a tres casos de laboratorio y a un experimento de campo con el fin de establecer la validez del marco conceptual adoptado.

Esta tesis describe los aspectos principales del modelo, sus fundamentos teóricos, la implementación numérica y la aplicación a los ejemplos citados. La variedad de condiciones simuladas y los resultados logrados confirman que el programa puede reproducir de forma satisfactoria una amplia gama de problemas de colmatación, entre las que se incluyen sistemas superficiales (balsas) y profundos (pozos), flujo radial y vertical, transporte reactivo multicomponente, y otros. Esto demuestra la utilidad del programa para integrar datos de naturaleza completamente diferente. A pesar de las limitaciones inherentes a toda formulación matemática, la modelación integrada proporciona estimaciones cuantitativas del potencial colmatante. Por consiguiente, puede ser considerada como una herramienta básica de cara al diseño y gestión de plantas de recarga y, eventualmente, de cara a la predicción.
Artificial Recharge of groundwater is an extremely powerful technique to optimise the management of water resources. In order to eliminate sceptical misconceptions concerning its applicability to numerous situations, it is essential to gain insight into the fundamental quantitative concepts. A critical point is the minimisation of clogging of the recharge device. Given the extraordinary importance of this problem, an intensive bibliographic research was conducted to determine the basic processes underlying the clogging of recharge plants. This, in combination with technological information supplied by Artificial Recharge operators, allowed to propose a conceptual mathematical model that could integrate the main processes. Attachment of suspended solids carried by recharge water, mineral precipitation, bacterial growth, gas binding and compaction of the upper soil layer were found to be determinant in clogging development. Based on existing investigation codes, such model was implemented into a three-dimensional finite element code that is able to cope with the referred mechanisms. The code was applied to three laboratory cases and to one field experiment in order to assess the validity of the adopted framework.

This thesis includes the main concepts of the model, its theoretical background, numerical implementation and the application to the referred cases. The variety of simulated conditions and the results achieved with the model confirm that the code can reproduce successfully a wide range of clogging problems, including surface (basins) and deep (wells) systems, vertical and radial flow, multiphase transport and other options. This demonstrates the usefulness of the code to integrate data which are completely different in nature. In spite of the limitations inherent to all mathematical formulations, integrated modelling provides quantitative estimates of the clogging potential. Consequently, can be considered as a basic tool for design and management of recharge plants, and, eventually, for predictive purposes.
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Bockgård, Niclas. « Groundwater Recharge in Crystalline Bedrock : Processes, Estimation, and Modelling ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4573.

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Kunskap om grundvattenbildningen är nödvändig för att man ska kunna förutsäga konsekvenserna av grundvattenuttag och underjordsbyggande. Grundvattenbildningen i berggrunden är dock svår att uppskatta. Syftet med avhandlingen var att öka förståelsen av grundvattenbildningen i kristallin berggrund, att undersöka hur grundvattenbildningen ska uppskattas samt att utveckla nya modeller för att beskriva grundvattenbildningen. Studien grundades på tre angreppssätt: grundvattendatering med freoner (CFC), geohydrauliska observationer och matematisk modellering.

Koncentrationerna av CFC-11 och CFC-113 befanns vara låga i det undersökta berggrundvattnet, vilket i kombination med låga syrgashalter tyder på anaerob nedbrytning. Koncentrationerna av CFC-12 och tritium överensstämde ganska väl, vilket betyder att den skenbara åldern kan vara den sanna åldern. Resultaten tyder på att CFC-datering inte är pålitlig i skogsmiljöer med finkornigt jordtäcke.

Vid nederbörd observerades ett snabbt gensvar i den hydrauliska potentialen i den studerade bergakviferen, trots det 10 m mäktiga moräntäcket. En avsevärd del av de observerade potentialvariationerna befanns vara belastningseffekter, som inte innebar någon magasinsförändring eller något vattenflöde. Berggrundens belastningseffektivitet uppskattades, ur potentialens svar på lufttrycksförändringar, till 0,95. Ytbelastningen beräknades från mätningar av lufttryck, vatten i jordtäcket och snö. Omkring 20 % av årstidsvariationen hos den hydrauliska potentialen uppskattades bero på enbart belastningsförändringar. En enkel begreppsmässig modell kunde användas för att simulera den observerade hydrauliska potentialen. För att beskriva enskilda grundvattenbildningstillfällen på bästa sätt var det nödvändigt att ta hänsyn till effekten av ytbelastningen.

Numeriska experiment gjordes med en modell av en jord–bergprofil. När berget modellerades som ett heterogent kontinuum bildades omättade zoner i berget vid stora hydrauliska gradienter. Fenomenet uppträdde i områden där låggenomsläppliga zoner låg uppströms höggenomsläppliga zoner, och ledde till minskad hydraulisk konduktivitet i berget.


Knowledge about the groundwater recharge is essential for the prediction of impacts of groundwater withdrawal and underground construction. Recharge in the bedrock is, however, difficult to estimate. The objectives of this thesis were to increase the understanding of groundwater recharge in crystalline bedrock, to investigate how the recharge could be estimated, and to develop new models to describe the recharge. The study was based on three approaches: groundwater dating using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), geohydraulic field measurements, and mathematical modelling.

Low concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-113 were found in the bedrock groundwater, which in combination with low dissolved-oxygen levels indicated anaerobe degradation. The CFC-12 and tritium concentrations agreed fairly well, which means that apparent ages could be true ages. The results suggest that CFC dating may not be reliable at forested, humid sites covered by fine-grained soil.

A quick response in hydraulic head to precipitation was observed in the studied bedrock, despite the 10-m thick till cover. A substantial portion of observed head variations was found to be loading effects, involving no storage changes or water flow. The loading efficiency of the bedrock was estimated, from the air-pressure response, to be 0.95. The surface loading was calculated from measurements of air pressure, water in the soil, and snow. About 20% of the seasonal variation of the hydraulic head was estimated to be related to loading changes only. A simple conceptual model could be used to simulate the observed hydraulic heads. The loading effect had to be included to properly describe individual recharge events.

Numerical experiments were performed with a soil–bedrock profile. When the rock was modelled as a heterogeneous continuum, unsaturated zones developed at high hydraulic gradients. The phenomenon appeared in areas where low-conductive zones were located upstream of high-conductive zones, decreasing the effective hydraulic conductivity of the material.

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Xaza, Abongile. « Investigating hydrogeochemical processes of groundwater, Heuningnes Catchment, South Africa ». University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7961.

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Masters of Science
This study was conducted to investigate hydrogeochemical processes controlling the evolution of groundwater chemistry and their influence on water quality in the Heuningnes Catchment. The role or influence of hydrogeochemical processes in groundwater quality in aquifer systems remains poorly understood. One of the ways of improving such understanding is to employ different techniques to explore key processes that govern groundwater quality in aquifer systems. Therefore, the present study investigated hydrogeochemical processes of groundwater resources and identified key processes that explained its quality from a spatiotemporal perspective. The quantitative approach that provides the ability to assess relationships between variables both spatially and temporally was applied. Groundwater sampling was done on four occasions during July 2017, October 2017, March 2018, and July 2018. Identification of hydrogeochemical processes controlling the evolution of groundwater chemistry and quality was done using various complementary tools. These tools included classification of the main water types, evaluation of water-rock interaction by means of stoichiometry analysis and bivariate correlation plots, inverse geochemical modelling, and statistical analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis). Physical parameters were measured in situ, while water samples were collected from boreholes, piezometers, springs, and artesian boreholes for laboratory analysis for major ions analysis. Descriptive and bivariate statistical methods were used to summarise and evaluate the strength of the relationship between variables, while multivariate statistical methods were applied to group similar samples based on their chemical compositions. Tri linear Piper diagrams were generated to characterize water type based on double normalizing the proportions of cations and anions, while correlation and stoichiometric analysis were applied to identify hydrogeochemical processes influencing groundwater chemistry. The results generated from the trilinear Piper diagrams confirmed the dominance of sodium and chloride ions in waters of the Heuningnes Catchment. Groundwater of a Na/Cl type is typical for a coastal aquifer characterised by saline, deep ancient groundwater. The lower parts of the Catchment were characterised by saline groundwater. The results indicated that shallow groundwater samples within the study area were more mineralised as compared to deep groundwater with EC values ranging between 20.8 and 2990 mS/m, with waters within the Table Mountain Group region (TMG), recording the lowest values. Deep groundwater for boreholes and artesian boreholes located upstream in the Catchment was fresh and yielded some of the lowest EC values recorded with an EC value below 50 mS/m. Generally, EC values increased from the upper TMG region of the Catchment towards the Bokkeveld shale region downstream and were highest during the dry season of 2018. The results indicated strong geological influences on water chemistry. Bivariate correlation and stoichiometric analysis identified cation exchange, adsorption, evaporation, weathering of carbonates, sulphates and silicate minerals as processes influencing the chemistry of groundwater in the Heuningnes Catchment. The Saturation Index (SI) results showed a change of calcite, dolomite, aragonite, gypsum, anhydrite, halite, melantinterite, siderite and sylvite from being undersaturated to oversaturated at some areas for the different seasons along the flow path. The mass-balance modelling results indicated that ion exchange and reverse ion exchange processes were more dominant at low elevations along the same flow path during the dry periods. However, at high elevations along the flow path, silicate weathering was the dominant process taking place. The findings of this study demonstrated the influence of hydrogeochemical processes in changing the water chemistry along the flow paths. In conclusion, the study showed the value of utilising various assessment tools as complementary techniques to improve the understanding about hydrogeochemical processes, and its influence on evolution of groundwater chemistry and quality. Based on the findings of the study the following recommendations were made for future studies; the sample points or sample boreholes in the study Catchment should be increased; and to have more sampling trips to enable better comparison between the possible processes
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Ciriello, Valentina <1983&gt. « Model reduction of stochastic groundwater flow and transport processes ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5937/1/ciriello_valentina_tesi.pdf.

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This work presents a comprehensive methodology for the reduction of analytical or numerical stochastic models characterized by uncertain input parameters or boundary conditions. The technique, based on the Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) theory, represents a versatile solution to solve direct or inverse problems related to propagation of uncertainty. The potentiality of the methodology is assessed investigating different applicative contexts related to groundwater flow and transport scenarios, such as global sensitivity analysis, risk analysis and model calibration. This is achieved by implementing a numerical code, developed in the MATLAB environment, presented here in its main features and tested with literature examples. The procedure has been conceived under flexibility and efficiency criteria in order to ensure its adaptability to different fields of engineering; it has been applied to different case studies related to flow and transport in porous media. Each application is associated with innovative elements such as (i) new analytical formulations describing motion and displacement of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media, (ii) application of global sensitivity analysis to a high-complexity numerical model inspired by a real case of risk of radionuclide migration in the subsurface environment, and (iii) development of a novel sensitivity-based strategy for parameter calibration and experiment design in laboratory scale tracer transport.
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Ciriello, Valentina <1983&gt. « Model reduction of stochastic groundwater flow and transport processes ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5937/.

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This work presents a comprehensive methodology for the reduction of analytical or numerical stochastic models characterized by uncertain input parameters or boundary conditions. The technique, based on the Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) theory, represents a versatile solution to solve direct or inverse problems related to propagation of uncertainty. The potentiality of the methodology is assessed investigating different applicative contexts related to groundwater flow and transport scenarios, such as global sensitivity analysis, risk analysis and model calibration. This is achieved by implementing a numerical code, developed in the MATLAB environment, presented here in its main features and tested with literature examples. The procedure has been conceived under flexibility and efficiency criteria in order to ensure its adaptability to different fields of engineering; it has been applied to different case studies related to flow and transport in porous media. Each application is associated with innovative elements such as (i) new analytical formulations describing motion and displacement of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media, (ii) application of global sensitivity analysis to a high-complexity numerical model inspired by a real case of risk of radionuclide migration in the subsurface environment, and (iii) development of a novel sensitivity-based strategy for parameter calibration and experiment design in laboratory scale tracer transport.
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Taylor, Sarah Leanne. « The hydrogeochemistry of shallow groundwater in Western Sydney : a study of salinisation processes in shallow groundwater ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16115.

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Groundwater salinity is widespread in Western Sydney; however, little is known about the processes which cause it. This thesis explored many features of the shallow groundwater system using a range of hydrogeological, geochemical and statistical techniques. Geostatistical analysis of historical data highlighted that 53.6% of the study region had shallow groundwater with an electrical conductivity exceeding 2,000µS/cm. Salinisation hazard mapping indicated that 0.66% of the region has a high salinisation hazard and 54.2% has a moderate salinisation hazard. The high-temporal-resolution dataset collected for this study, allowed the recharge and salt source (modern rainfall) to be identified, plus mechanisms of salt accumulation (cyclic process of evaporation and re-dissolution driven by high rates of evapotranspiration and clay-rich soils), and transport. From this, a geochemical model identifying the processes contributing to groundwater salinisation, and a conceptual model of the hydrogeological system were developed. Multivariate analysis identified seven water-types, their geographical distribution, and the causes of temporal variability for each water-type. Saline groundwater was found in many parts of the landscape, though temporal variability was generally limited. The monthly comparison approach, which analyses temporal variability, was developed for this study. This method increased our understanding of system variability and its causes, ultimately improving the conceptual model. The conceptual model generalises the geographical distribution of water-types based on landscape features, while temporal variability is related to water-types. The model significantly improves our understanding of the groundwater system, and our ability to manage it. Additionally, this study has illustrated that groundwater salinity arising from evaporative processes could be more wide-spread than currently thought, and may not be confined to arid or semi-arid environments.
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Hensley, Patricia Jane. « Accelerated physical modelling of transport processes in soil ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292742.

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Austin, Martin J. « Swash, groundwater and sediment transport processes on a gravel beach ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34493.

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The morphodynamics of a steeply sloping gravel beach in the south western UK (tanβ = 0.15–0.2; d50 = 6 mm; ξb = 1–4) were measured during low energy wind-wave conditions (Hb < 0.5 m). Measurements of water depth, groundwater-level, waves and currents, concurrent with observations of morphological change and swash sediment loads, were successfully obtained over two spring-to-neap tidal cycles and used to investigate the short-term evolution of gravel beach morphology. Incident frequency motions dominated the hydrodynamics since wave transformation was concentrated at the base of the beach. Subharmonic energy was of secondary importance at most, never exceeding 15% of the total energy. Standing edge waves were generally absent since the lack of swell waves limited their forcing, and there was c. 50% reflection of the gravity-band energy.
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Petersen, Robin Marc. « A conceptual understanding of groundwater recharge processes and surface-water/ groundwater interactions in the Kruger National Park ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5204.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
In the Kruger National Park (KNP) which is the flagship conservation area in South Africa, the impact on groundwater should be kept to a minimum as groundwater plays a vital role in sustaining ecosystem functioning and sustaining baseflow to streams and rivers. For this reason groundwater has been recognized as one of the environmental indicators that need to be monitored. The KNP has adopted a Strategic Adaptive Management (SAM) approach with clear ecosystem management goals. The achievement of these goals is evaluated by using environmental indicators. These indicators are evaluated against thresholds of potential concern (TPC). TPCs are a set of boundaries that together define the spatiotemporal conditions for which the KNP ecosystem is managed. TPCs are essentially upper and lower limits along a continuum of change in selected environmental indicators. Historically, groundwater recharge and surface water interaction with rivers has tended to be overlooked in the KNP. This study proposes a conceptual model of groundwater recharge processes in the KNP, defining when and how groundwater recharge occurs. Two methods were used, the Cumulative Rainfall Departure (CRD) and stable isotopes of ²H and ¹⁸O. An adapted version of the CRD which incorporates a long and short term memory of the system was used to identify possible recharge processes. Further, using the CRD method a reliable reconstruction of the long term groundwater level trends are simulated using monthly rainfall totals with reference to the average rainfall over the entire time series 1936-2009. The stable isotope of ²H and ¹⁸O samples from cumulative rainfall samplers, surfacewater (streams and rivers) and groundwater from boreholes were collected monthly for approximately one year (May 2010 to July 2011). The isotope composition of the groundwater was used to establish whether recharge was immediate or delayed. Additionally, the isotopic composition of surface-water from rivers and streams were compared to that of groundwater to identify surface-water interactions. Groundwater recharge in KNP occurs during the rainy summer months (December to March) and very little to none during the dry winter season (April to September). Recharge takes place during rainfall sequences 100mm or more. The stable isotope records collected from cumulative rainfall, groundwater and surface water (streams and rivers) indicate that groundwater experiences evaporation prior to infiltration. As the KNP experiences high evaporation rates, insignificant rainfall sequences contribute little or zero to recharge. The CRD analysis of groundwater level fluctuations shows that recharge to the aquifers respond to dry and wet cycles that last for 6 to 14 years. The KNP experienced several periods of below-average rainfall and hence no significant recharge took place to the basement aquifers. During a normal rainy season the water levels rise somewhat then starts receding again. It is only during major rainfall events that may occur every 100yrs to 200yrs causing the aquifers to fully recharge. This was perfectly illustrated by the high groundwater levels after the 2000 major rainfall event that recharged the aquifers fully. During below average rainfall years the overall water level trend is drastically declining. The system experiences higher natural losses than gains due to outflow of groundwater to streams and rivers. The KNP is divided down the center by two geological formations, granites along the west and basalts along the east. The combination of the CRD model and the stable isotopic analysis suggest that the dominant recharge processes that occur in the southern region of the KNP are direct recharge via piston flow and indirect recharge via preferred pathways particularly streams and rivers. Along the eastern half of the KNP on the Basalts and Rhyolite direct recharge via piston flow are dominant. Groundwater is not recharged via small streams and rivers (Sweni and Mnondozi Rivers) as it was found that at these particular sites these rivers are detached and do not interact with groundwater. Along the western granitic areas the dominant recharge process are indirect recharge. Recharge takes place via preferred pathways particularly streams and rivers. It was found that ephemeral rivers (Nwatsisonto River) act as sinks for groundwater recharge and influent-effluent conditions are experienced along seasonal rivers (Mbyamiti River). The large perennial Sabie and its tributary the Sand River are consistently fed by groundwater, above all maintaining base flow during the dry season. These rivers act as basin sinks receiving groundwater discharge all year round. Using the stable isotope composition of rainfall, surface-water and groundwater to act as a natural tracer, in combination with the CRD method proved invaluable to confirm the plausible recharge processes. The study provided a conceptual understanding of the groundwater system in the KNP forming the foundation to developing acceptable limits (TPCs) of the groundwater levels in the KNP. The model will serve as a guide for the recharge processes and for deciding on the location and time frames for data collection to ultimately set TPCs for groundwater in the KNP to sustainably manage the resource.
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Livres sur le sujet "Groundwater processes"

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E, Sanford Ward, dir. Groundwater in geologic processes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Transport Processes in Porous Media (1989 Pullman, Wash.). Transport processes in porous media. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

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Luckner, Ludwig. Migration processes in the soil and groundwater zone. Chelsea, Mich : Lewis Publishers, 1991.

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M, Saether Ola, et Caritat Patrice de, dir. Geochemical processes, weathering, and groundwater recharge in catchments. Rotterdam : Balkema, 1997.

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Wolfgang, Kinzelbach, dir. 3D-groundwater modeling with PMWIN : A simulation system for modeling groundwater flow and transport processes. 2e éd. Berlin : Springer, 2005.

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missing], [name. Stochastic methods in subsurface contaminant hydrology. [Reston, Va.] : ASCE Press, 2003.

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Lucila, Candela, Vadillo Iñaki et Elorza Francisco Javier, dir. Advances in subsurface pollution of porous media : Indicators, processes and modelling. London : Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

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Wilkin, Richard T. Metal attenuation processes at mining sites. Cincinnati, OH : United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2007.

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IAHR/AIRH, Symposium on Transport and Reactive Processes in Aquifers (1994 Zürich Switzerland). Transport and reactive processes in aquifers : Proceedings of the IAHR/AIRH Symposium on Transport and Reactive Processes in Aquifers, Zürich, Switzerland, 11-15 April 1994. Rotterdam : Balkema, 1994.

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1942-, Schulz Horst D., Hadeler Astrid et Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, dir. Geochemical processes in soil and groundwater : Measurement--modelling--upscaling : GeoProc 2002. Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Groundwater processes"

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Stauffer, Fritz. « Modeling Subsurface Processes ». Dans Soil and Groundwater Pollution, 14–16. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8587-3_4.

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Nash, David J. « Groundwater Controls and Processes ». Dans Arid Zone Geomorphology, 403–24. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470710777.ch16.

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Pauwels, Hélène, Wolfram Kloppmann, Kristine Walraevens et Frank Wendland. « Aquifer Typology, (Bio)geochemical Processes and Pollutants Behaviour ». Dans Groundwater Monitoring, 49–66. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470749685.ch5.

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Sun, Feng, Norihiro Watanabe et Jens-Olaf Delfs. « Groundwater Flow ». Dans Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes in Porous Media, 107–23. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27177-9_5.

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Champagne, Pascale, et Alok Bhandari. « Fundamental Processes ». Dans Remediation Technologies for Soils and Groundwater, 5–46. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784408940.ch02.

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Helmig, R., R. E. Ewing, S. Finsterle et R. Hinkelmann. « Modeling of Flow and Transport Processes in the Subsurface ». Dans Groundwater Updates, 477–80. Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68442-8_90.

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Kaiser, R., O. Kolditz et W. Zielke. « Automatic Grid Adaptation for Multidimensional Coupled Processes in Subsurface Hydrosystems ». Dans Groundwater Updates, 339–44. Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68442-8_56.

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Pierce, Suzanne A., John M. Sharp et David J. Eaton. « Decision Support Systems and Processes for Groundwater ». Dans Integrated Groundwater Management, 639–65. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_25.

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Pramada, S. K., et Sowmya Venugopal. « Interaction Between Groundwater and Surface Water and Its Effect on Groundwater Quality ». Dans Environmental Processes and Management, 381–95. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38152-3_20.

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Hölting, Bernward, et Wilhelm G. Coldewey. « Physicochemical Processes in Groundwater Flow ». Dans Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 141–53. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56375-5_12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Groundwater processes"

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Kimsal, Charles, Chelsea Peters, Anner Paldor, Ryan Frederiks et Holly Michael. « GROUNDWATER LEVELS AND COASTAL STREAM SALINIZATION PROCESSES ». Dans GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358942.

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van Genuchten, Martinus Th, Elizabeth May Pontedeiro et Renato M. Cotta. « MODELING NONEQUILIBRIUM CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN SOILS AND GROUNDWATER ». Dans CONV-09. Proceedings of International Symposium on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Sustainable Energy. Connecticut : Begellhouse, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2009.conv.80.

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Lorah, Michelle M., Isabelle M. Cozzarelli et Denise M. Akob. « BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE IN A CHLOROBENZENE-CONTAMINATED WETLAND ». Dans 66th Annual GSA Southeastern Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017se-290490.

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Lyuta, N., et I. Sanina. « Assessing changes in groundwater quality of uppermost aquifers over time ». Dans 15th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20215k2039.

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Lee, Kwang-Ho, Norimi Mizutani et Toshiaki Fujii. « 80. EFFECTS OF GROUNDWATER TABLE ON WAVE BREAKING IN A GRAVEL BEACH ». Dans Coastal Dynamics 2009 - Impacts of Human Activities on Dynamic Coastal Processes. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814282475_0082.

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Verma, Akshat, Ashwini Mohapatra, Saravanan Matheshwaran et Abhas Singh. « Biogeochemical Processes Governing Arsenic Release in Shallow Mixed‑Oxic State Groundwater ». Dans Goldschmidt2022. France : European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12801.

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Malkova, Y., O. Kopylenko, M. Panasiuk, N. Sosonna, S. Bagriy et I. Onyshchenko. « Hydrogeochemical Conditions of the Dombrovsky Quarry as a Source of Groundwater Pollution ». Dans 16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2022580186.

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TAMAI, KOJI. « ANNUAL VAPOR, PRECIPITATION, GROUNDWATER, AND TRANSPIRATION FLUCTUATIONS IN SIMPLE WATER CYCLE PROCESSES ». Dans SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2021. Southampton UK : WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm210021.

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Havlova´, Va´clava, Radek Cˇervinka, Ulrich Noseck, Thomas Brasser et Josef Havel. « The Ruprechtov Natural Analogue Site (CZ) Study : Mobile Natural Organic Matter Identification, Characterisation and Link to PA Relevant Processes ». Dans ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16341.

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The Ruprechtov Natural Analogue (CZ) Programme has been focused on studying real system processes, relevant to performance assessment (PA) of sediment formations that can form the overburden of geological repository host rocks. The site has been extensively studied due to its geological constitution (granite – kaolin – clay – U mineralisation – organic matter). The presented study used Ruprechtov unique but well-described geological conditions in order to identify and characterise mobile organic matter (MOM) that can be easily released into groundwater and can influence PA relevant specie migration due to complexation/sorption reaction. The modern analytical method MALDI-TOF MS was used for characterisation. It was found that only a small fraction of sedimentary natural organic matter (NOM) from the site was easily releasable (max. 5%) as MOM, resulting in low organic substance concentration in natural groundwater. MOM amount released was decreasing with increasing NOM content. MALDI-TOF MS proved to be a useful tool to characterize organic substances, either natural ones or artificially released from natural organic matter samples. A noticeable fingerprint for all the MOM compounds analysed was found at MALDI-TOF MS spectra. This showed that MOM from the Ruprechtov site was in all cases composed of molecules with low molecular weight (under 1000 Da). As determined by the consequent geochemical analyses, despite groundwater reducing conditions MOM compounds would be mainly interacting with U(VT) in the groundwater, being present as more abundant U specie. Good correspondence of results enabled to consider the extracted humic acid HA 12/3 as a mobile organic matter fraction representative.
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Kovalenko, I. O., M. I. Panasiuk, N. V. Sosonna, M. G. Buzynnyi et I. P. Onyshchenko. « Thermodynamic Modeling of 90Sr Migration with Alkaline Groundwater at the Chornobyl NPP Industrial Site ». Dans 16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2022580192.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Groundwater processes"

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Lieberman, M. T., et Robert C. Borden. Natural Attenuation of Perchlorate in Groundwater : Processes, Tools and Monitoring Techniques. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, avril 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495522.

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McWhorter, D. B. Processes affecting soil and groundwater contamination by DNAPL in low-permeability media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/447160.

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Korte, N. E., R. L. Siegrist et M. Ally. In situ treatment of mixed contaminants in groundwater : Review of candidate processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octobre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192864.

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Samper, Javier, Jorg Molinero, Yang Changbing et Guoxiang Zhang. Coupled modeling of groundwater flow solute transport, chemical reactions and microbial processes in the 'SP' island. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836051.

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Brodie, R. S., R. Parige et S. Hostetler. Exploring for the Future-—a hydrochemical assessment of groundwater processes in the Ti Tree Basin (Report 2), Northern Territory. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2021.014.

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Bitew, Menberu, et Rhett Jackson. Characterization of Flow Paths, Residence Time and Media Chemistry in Complex Landscapes to Integrate Surface, Groundwater and Stream Processes and Inform Models of Hydrologic and Water Quality Response to Land Use Activities ; Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171150.

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Berndt, Christian. RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO277 OMAX : Offshore Malta Aquifer Exploration, Emden (Germany) – Emden (Germany), 14.08. – 03.10.2020. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_57_20.

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SO277 OMAX served two scientific projects. The objectives of the first project, SMART, were to develop multi-disciplinary methodologies to detect, quantify, and model offshore groundwater reservoirs in regions dominated by carbonate geology such as the Mediterranean Sea. To this end we acquired controlled-source electromagnetic, seismic, hydroacoustic, geochemical, seafloor imagery data off Malta. Preliminary evaluation of the geophysical data show that there are resisitivity anomalies that may represent offshore freshwater aquifers. The absence of evidence for offshore springs means that these aquifers would be confined and that it will be difficult to use them in a sustainable manner. The objective of the second project, MAPACT-ETNA, is to monitor the flank of Etna volcano on Sicily which is slowly deforming seaward. Here, we deployed six seafloor geodesy stations and six ocean bottom seismometers for long-term observation (1-3 years). In addition, we mapped the seafloor off Mt. Etna and off the island of Stromboli to constrain the geological processes that control volcanic flank stability.
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Lindberg, Jon W., et Charissa J. Chou. 300 Area Process Trenches Groundwater Monitoring Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789271.

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Lindberg, Jonathan W., et Charissa J. Chou. 300 Area Process Trenches Groundwater Monitoring Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/965703.

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Knotek-Smith, Heather, et Catherine Thomas. Microbial dynamics of a fluidized bed bioreactor treating perchlorate in groundwater. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45403.

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Optimization of operation and performance of the groundwater treatment system regarding perchlorate removal at Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (LHAAP) is dependent on specific conditions within the reactor and the larger groundwater treatment process. This study evaluated the microbial community compositions within the plant during periods of adequate perchlorate degradation, sub-adequate perchlorate degradation, and non-operating conditions. Factors affecting the performance of the LHAAP ground water treatment system (GWTS) perchlorate de-grading fluidized bed reactor (FBR) are identified and discussed. Isolation of the FBR from naturally occurring microbial populations in the groundwater was the most significant factor reducing system effectiveness. The microbial population within the FBR is highly susceptible to system upsets, which leads to declining diversity within the reactor. As designed, the system operates for extended periods without the desired perchlorate removal without intervention such as a seed inoculant. A range of modifications and the operation of the system are identified to increase the effectiveness of perchlorate removal at LHAAP.
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