Articles de revues sur le sujet « Green Wall Panel »

Abstract In order to promote the intelligent and standardized production of green light-weight wall materials in prefabricated buildings, an electrical automation control system for light-weight wall panels based on PLC technology was proposed. The process flow of the wall panel production line is analyzed, and the hardware system of the control system is determined through the selection of hardware such as motors and cylinders. The batching system, extrusion molding system, cutting system, palletizing system, transfer and maintenance system, etc. can be programmed through PLC technology. and automated production of wall panels can be accomplished by utilizing sensors and limit switches.

Aiming at the general problems of envelop wall panel about the existing building, such as large surface density, low strength, poor service performance and high maintenance cost, a kind of high-performance composite wall panel is proposed in this paper. This wall panel takes high toughness cement-based composite material as shell and inorganic light thermal insulation material as core part. Its surface density equals to or is less than 70 kg/m2, heat transfer coefficient equals to or is less than 1 W/ (m2·K ), and the minimum bending failure load equals to or is more than 8 times of wall panel weight. Combined with the characteristics of high-performance composite wall panel, the “removable connection system” and “beveled tongue and groove type” joint structure are proposed to realize the construction of high-performance composite wall panel without moisture, nondestructive free disassembly and green recycling.

Structural insulated panel (SIP) is considered as a green panel in construction industry because of the low thermal conductivity of the sandwiched EPS core (i.e extended polystyrene). It is a lightweight composite structure and is widely used in commercial, industrial and residential buildings to construct the building envelop including roof and wall. The windborne debris driven by cyclone or hurricane usually imposes intensive localized impact on the structural panel, which might create opening to the structure. The opening on the building envelope might cause internal pressures increase and result in substantial damage to the building structures, such as roof lifting up and wall collapse. The Australian Wind Loading Code (version 2011) [1] requires structural panels to resist projectile debris impact at a velocity equal to 40% of the wind speed, which could be more than 40 m/s in the tropical area with the wind speed more than 100m/s. In this study, two kinds of SIP under projectile debris impact were investigated, i.e. “Corrolink” and “Double-corrolink” composite panels shown in Fig. 1. Laboratory tests were carried out by using pneumatic cannon testing system to investigate the dynamic response of composite panels subjected to wooden projectile impacts. The failure modes were observed. The structural dynamic responses were also examined quantitatively based on the deformation and strain time histories measured in the tests. The penetration resistance capacity of panels subjected to windborne debris impact was assessed.Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams (L) Corrolink panel; (R) Double-corrolink panel [2]

Vertical gardens emerged with the aim of increasing green areas in large urban centres, thus reducing the negative impacts of this dense urbanization. In general, vertical gardens are able to improve air quality, reduce heat islands, increase biodiversity, among other advantages presented in this work. This study proposes the use of two materials for making panels for vertical gardens. The panels were based on the model developed by the French botanist Patrick Blanc, using “green felt” and “grey cacharel” with each panel measuring 50 x 80 cm and with 24 pockets. These were installed in a residence in the municipality of Ilha Solteira, São Paulo state, Brazil; having with vegetal species Trandescantia zebrina. During January 19 to February 2, 2020, the temperatures of the panels, the wall and the region behind the panels were measured. An average thermal damping of up to 8.71°C was observed; it was concluded that the panels developed were effective for the construction of vertical gardens.

Micro-perforated panel (MPP) is well known as the alternative green sound absorbing material replacing the synthetic porous absorber. Several works have been established which model the sound absorption performance of the MPP with various arrangements. However, most existing models are for MPP with rigid condition and rarely discuss the effect of vibration due to the impinging sound. In this paper, a simple approach using wave propagation technique is proposed to take into account the effect of flexural wave in the MPP on its sound absorption. The model begins with an MPP coupled with a solid panel separated by an air gap. The impedance of the back solid panel can then be adjusted to a very large value to simulate a rigid wall.

In India the demand for housing is ever increasing and hence there is an increase in demand for building materials. Providing affordable housing is a challenge for developing country like India. India have an shortage of millions houses. Now days, more than 17 million retired shipping containers are stacked on the port worldwide. Container building still facing the various challenges. To avoid this challenges GFRG panels use as a Walls and Roofs of container house. So, Container house using GFRG panels provide an adequate solutions to the various problems. Building materials which are energy efficient strong and durable at an affordable cost are in great demand GFRG panels are of much relevance in India where there is tremendous need for cost effective mass scale and rapid housing. They are not only eco-friendly, but also resistant to termites, heat, rot, corrosion, water and fire. Concrete infill with vertical reinforcement rods enhances its vertical and lateral load capabilities. Comparative studies of GFRG and conventional buildings have been carried out in the present investigation. Rapid wall panel provides speedier construction and leads to environmental protection. Subsequently, it is a perfect option building material to replace bricks or concrete blocks. GFRG wall is a green product which can erect a building fast in prefabricated method. This paper highlights the positive aspects of GFRG panels with respect to Time, cost of construction Strength, affordability, energy efficiency over the conventional construction materials and its suitability in the Indian Housing Scenario. This research aims in providing adequate shelter for all individuals that is one among the recent challenges long faced by the developing countries. Economical plan and development of structures, utilizing green material is an option in contrast to exhaustion of totals and increment in cost of concrete. Glass fiber reinforced gypsum panel (GFRG) is a green material, which is a rapid wall construction method and a cost effective construction process. With the end goal to enhance the productivity, and decrease of waste, the lean the development has been presented as another administration rule for better execution. In India, the usage of lean administration in the development industry is a noteworthy errand. Because of the absence of consideration and uneducated towards the lean administration guideline the proprietor, contractual worker, engineers and so on are as yet creating a stage to actualize this standard in their task. This venture primarily centers on to recognize the potential outcomes of execution of lean administration in the development industry. This paper shows the probabilities of compelling usage of lean administration guideline in the development industry, which can definitely diminish the use of time, increment the nature of work, and benefit rate by wiping out the wastage of materials. It finally, points in giving lodging to all classes of people, in this way enhancing the economy of India. Going through this study, it will explore & analyze some projects and case studies from many points of views, Geometrically, Architecturally, structurally, financially, and of course environmentally. The deployment of containers as building modules has grown in popularity over the past years due to their inherent strength, modular construction, and relatively low cost. Finally, conclusions are going to be drawn on the important worth of lean construction against the traditional practice with consideration for the future benefits within collaborative technological models.

To inhibit the degradation of the forest reserves it is necessary to stimulate the consciousness and involvement of the surrounding communities. This work would be more effective with a program of ecological consciousness applied within an environment where people can learn by practicing. For this purpose, we envisage the creation of a Sustainable Building Program (SBP) to build ecological school-villages surrounding the forest reserves subjected to constant aggressions. This is the case of the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve whose vulnerability has increased due to Manaus urban expansion. As the worlds largest urban forest fragment, it demands protection of its borders. It is suggested to implement the SBP to build ecological school-villages as a protection belt to preserve the forest integrity and its natural water fountains. It may also attract eco tourism and serve as a prototype sustainable eco barrier. The school-villages shall shelter people enrolled in social residential programs who will learn by practicing environment education and green building techniques. Storage and selective collection of recyclables shall be emphasized. The organic residues generated by the village shall be used to feed biogas tanks to support the kitchen of the Community Center (CC). The CC shall host the theoretical classes. This program shall also shelter victims from natural disasters, families relocated from risky areas, and low-income families from the rural areas coming to the capital for health treatment by the state. The SBP envisage two-pavement villages comprised of green roof, and green materials such as bamboo, clay from site excavations, wood and bamboo residues, and hydrated lime of carburet. The villages shall comprise rain water catchment and utilization, ecological sewage treatment, and green roof supported by a structural bamboo ceiling. The structural bamboo shall be of the species Guadua angustifolia. The apartments shall comprise bamboo based modular wall panels. Wall panel structures, columns, and beams are prefabricated with bamboo-based structures and cemented with micro concrete. This way, the bamboo used as a non-conventional construction material shall substitute the wood partially, or totally, reducing the pressure on logging.

Noise can cause a few types of effect to human health especially in hearing like hearing loss. Indoor noise pollution comes from many sources and places. The research focuses on the sound reduction wall surface material rather than any techniques available and using organic material like coconut coir fiber, rice husk and sawdust. These sound reduction material is suitable to apply as interior lining for homes and offices. This research conducted to compare the efficiency of coconut coir fiber, rice husk and sawdust as indoor noise reduction, to evaluate the effectiveness indoor noise level by using wall surface sound reducer material and to determine the best material that will reduce noise level. In preparation of board panel, two binders were used which is polyester resin and hardening catalyst, cement and sand. For board panel using binder of polyester resin and hardening catalyst, the binders were stirred for two minutes. Then, the mixture of polyester resin, hardening catalyst with raw material was mix uniformly. The suppression done for 24 hours in order to obtain a composite outcome that is denser. Then, the ratio for coconut coir fiber, cement and sand is 1.5:0.5:0.5, the same ratio used for sawdust and rice husk and the Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) will be determined. The parameter use to determine the NRC and the sound transmission are the frequency, speaker intensity and the distance from the speaker. If not absorbed, the sound can be reflected and this will prevent sound dispersed to other space. The results show rice husk is better with cement binder and sand, while for polyester resin and hardening catalyst binder, sawdust is the best. Therefore, currently organic materials present good alternative to synthetic material providing good health with green environment as well as enhancing natural agricultural and growth.

Energy conservation is an emerging global issue for sustainable infrastructure development. The building sector energy demand accounts for approximately 34% of the world’s energy demand, and artificial lighting consumes around 19% of the total delivered electricity globally. Developing a new kind of building material that can reduce the demand for artificial lighting energy is vital. This research attempts to address such issues through the development of translucent concrete façade using locally available materials that can be used as energy-saving building material. Bulk density, compressive strength, and flexural strength of translucent concrete containing 2%, 4%, and 6% volume ratios of plastic optical fibers (POF) were studied. Moreover, the flexural toughness of translucent concrete façade panels integrating 6% volume ratio of POF was also investigated. The experimental results showed that using up to 6% volume ratio of plastic optical fibers had no adverse effect on the bulk density of translucent concrete. Translucent concrete specimens exhibited relatively lower compressive and flexural strengths compared to the reference concrete. However, it was evidently observed that the compressive strength of translucent concrete increased with increasing the volume ratio of POF. The flexural strength of translucent concrete was observed to decline with increase in the volume ratio of POF. Results demonstrated that translucent concrete panels have better flexural toughness, ductility, and energy absorption capacity than the reference concrete panel. The energy-saving, environmental conservation, and aesthetic and structural performance improvements stemming from the application of translucent concrete façade panel as architectural wall would foster the development of green and resilient buildings as well as contribute to sustainable construction.

<span>This paper proposed the prototype of smart car parking powered by photovoltaic. There is probability that cars will hit the wall or car out from the parking lot. The main objectives of this research are to determine the power rating and sizing of PV panel suitable for smart car parking system and design an ultrasonic parking sensor circuit to alert any obstacle while parking and development the prototype of smart car parking using PV. Smart car parking consists of distance sensors, LED, Arduino UNO potentiometer, resistors, and Node MCU. Where, Arduino UNO as a microcontroller was coding to receive the signal from the sensor and transmit signal to LED to display the car distance condition. To measure the distance between sensor positions to a car, HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor is used. Whenever a car come near to the sensor within range specified, the red, yellow or green LED will light up and send the condition happening to the smartphone application. The application build-up can display the real situation and the PV system can supply enough electricity to the smart car parking. </span>

“The Gray Great Wall” formed by haze pollution is an increasingly serious issue in China, and the resulting air pollution has brought severe challenges to human health, the socio-economy and the world ecosystem. Based on the facts above, this paper uses China’s province-level panel data from 2009 to 2016, systematically measures the heterogeneous structure of regional ecological economic (eco-economic) treatment efficiency through a Super Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model and dynamic threshold models, and analyzes the forcing mechanism of haze pollution pressure on regional eco-economic treatment efficiency from an environmental regulation perspective. Results indicated that China’s eco-economic treatment has been vigorously promoted, which is significantly conducive to green growth upgrading. However, the process has a large developmental scope due to regional heterogeneity. Interestingly, the forcing impact of haze pollution on regional eco-economic treatment efficiency is limited by the “critical mass” of environmental regulations: a weak degree of regulation will facilitate an increase in regional eco-economic treatment efficiency through the forcing effect of haze pollution pressure. Once environmental regulation reaches a critical level, a stronger degree of regulation will suppress the forcing effect of haze pollution in turn and it will decrease the regional eco-economic treatment efficiency. This paper endeavors to clarify the differences, suitability and dependency in the process of ecological transformation for Chinese local governments in different regions and provide policy references for a regional ecological transformation matching system.

Construction is recognized as one of the most polluting and energy consuming industries worldwide, especially in developing countries. Therefore, Research and Development (R&D) of novel manufacturing technologies and green construction materials is becoming extremely compelling. This study aims at evaluating the reuse of various wastes, originated in the Kraft pulp-paper industry, as raw materials in the manufacture of novel geopolymeric (GP) mortars whose properties fundamentally depend on the target application (e.g., insulating panel, partition wall, structural element, furnishing, etc.). Five different wastes were reused as filler: Two typologies of Biomass Fly Ash, calcareous sludge, grits, and dregs. The produced samples were characterized and a multi criteria analysis, able to take into account not only the engineering properties, but also the environmental and economic aspects, has been implemented. The criteria weights were evaluated using the Delphi methodology. The fuzzy Topsis approach has been used to consider the intrinsic uncertainty related to unconventional materials, as the produced GP-mortars. The computational analysis showed that adding the considered industrial wastes as filler is strongly recommended to improve the performance of materials intended for structural applications in construction. The results revealed that the formulations containing 5 wt.% of calcareous sludge, grits, and dregs and the one containing 7.5 wt.% of calcareous sludge, grits, dregs, and Biomass Fly Ash-1 have emerged as the best alternatives. Furthermore, it resulted that the Biomass Fly Ash-2 negatively influences the structural performance and relative rank of the material. Finally, this case study clearly shows that the fuzzy Topsis multi-criteria analysis represents a valuable and easy tool to investigate construction materials (either traditional and unconventional) when an intrinsic uncertainty is related to the measurement of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

Light steel structure residence is an optimum selection for the realization of building energy-saving and meeting of green building evaluation standards. Two kinds of system of light steel structure are analyzed and construction method for lightweight combination wall and infilled outer walls of low-rise light steel are summed up. Analysis on exterior wall conformation in low-rise light steel structure is put forward. Results indicate that special construct of light steel structure is equivalent to set closed air space, and thermal performance of infilled external wall of light steel structure is superior to that of traditional structure. And thermal performance of using aerated concrete wall panels as filled outer wall of light steel structure is better than that of aerated concrete blocks and thermal stability of filled external wall of light steel structure is better than lightweight combination external wall. The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for building energy-saving in light steel structure residence and optimal design of residential environment.

Glass façades are widely utilized in green buildings. Ensuring fire safety while reducing the energy need without compromising occupants’ comfort is a challenge in the modern-day green buildings with glass façades. One way of achieving both aspects is to construct a water wall system as a building façade. A water wall system has a water layer between two glass panes and can be considered as a glass façade system. The focus of this review, which builds on the published studies, is how water wall systems can help ensure fire safety and reduce energy demand in green buildings. The water layer within two glass panes of the water wall system store the solar radiation heat throughout the daytime, reducing the amount of heat transferred through the building facade. The reduced heat transfer effects lessen the need for air conditioning to sustain the thermal comfort of the building occupants. The stored energy is released during the nighttime. The transparency of the water wall system also allows daylight to enter the building, thus reducing artificial lighting needs. Furthermore, the water layer acts as a fire safety mechanism in case of a fire. However, the water wall systems are not much utilized in the modern-day green buildings due to their unpopularity and the unavailability of design guidelines. On the basis of the findings of the literature review, stakeholders and the public are encouraged to adopt water wall systems in green building projects as an energy-efficient strategy and a fire safety mechanism.

Present waste management policies aim to reduce waste environmental impacts and improve resources’ efficiency. The use of waste and recycled materials to develop green construction materials are attracting researchers worldwide to develop new solutions addressed to increase the sustainability of buildings. This work presents a study of a new recycled mortar panel from the point of view of its contribution to the sustainability of buildings. Materials from industrial waste, as rigid polyurethane foam and electric arc furnace slags, are used as an additive of prefabricated mortar panels. The new proposed panels must have good thermal behavior with respect to the heat transfer interactions with the outside temperature and relative humidity, when compared to traditional brick or concrete. A test building with two kinds of representative uses, which are both residential and tertiary, and located in three cities of Spain with different climates, will be energy simulated in order to assess the thermal behavior of new construction or refurbished opaque ventilated façades with the new mortar panel. The thermal behavior of the new mortar panels would be studied by means of two energy assessments: (i) the evaluation of the influence of the new mortar panel in the energy demand of the whole building when compared to traditional materials, and (ii) the detailed analysis of the transient inner surface temperature of the space walls when using the new mortar panel. Based on the results obtained from the energy simulations performed, it follows that the thermal behavior of the mortar panel is, at least, equivalent to those of the other two materials, and even better in some aspects.

Hydrophilic panels can be used in extensive vegetation green roof systems as a soil replacement. They are lightweight (also with full water saturation), have certified thermal insulation properties in wet conditions and beyond all, they have laboratory approval of vertical and horizontal drainage ability, similar as a special drainage nep composites.Low weight of panels is further more advantageous in the intensive green roof systems and passive houses– static demands on roof and wall constructions can be dramatically decreased. Special water-accumulation panels can be used in retention roofs. Multiple-layered panels can help with thermal properties of building envelope of passive houses.

The use of energy efficient structures in the local construction industry assists in promoting green building concepts, leading to economical and eco-friendly solutions for self-sustained structures. The main aim of this study was to examine and compare the energy performance of various local buildings. Detailed 3D building models (house, office, and warehouse buildings) were constructed and investigated for their cost and energy savings using building energy simulation tools (green building studio and insight). Moreover, the effects of various building materials for walls, window panels, and roof construction were explored, and a life-cycle cost analysis was performed. It was observed that the effect of the window-to-wall ratio was less severe in term of energy use in office buildings compared to normal houses due to the larger amount of space available for air circulation. Furthermore, the most efficient location for windows was found to be at the middle of the wall in comparison with the top and bottom positions. The effect of the orientation mainly depended on the symmetry of the building. More symmetric buildings, i.e., tested warehouse buildings (rectangular structure), showed an energy use difference of around 7 MJ/m2/year for a 360° orientation change. Tested house buildings exhibited an energy use difference of up to 25 MJ/m2/year. Three-pane glass windows also showed major improvements, and the total energy consumption for houses was reduced to 14%. Furthermore, wood walls showed comparable energy performance with brick walls without the use of insulation. According to US-LEED guidelines, the tested house, office, and warehouse buildings achieved 79, 89, and 88 points, respectively. The cost recovery period for house, office, and warehouse buildings was estimated to 54, 13, and 14 years, respectively, including running and maintenance costs. It can be argued that the Insight and Green Building Studio packages can assist construction stakeholders to determine the energy efficiency of the modeled building as well as to help in the selection of materials for optimized and improved design.

This article attempts to establish and examine the context of the two remaining mythological paintings in the Macellum, the central market of Pompeii. Panels of Io and Argos and of Penelope and Odysseus grace the interior walls, and while the identification of the Penelope figure has been the subject of debate, she clearly derives from Greek prototypes of Penelope, both material and theatrical. Indeed, scholars suggest that the Io panel and perhaps the Penelope painting as well are copies of Greek panel paintings created by a fourth-century B.C. artist, but it is argued here that their pairing seems to be a Roman creation and that they were part of a larger narrative program. The paintings are compositional opposites and share the narrative technique of depicting moments of quiet tension; this choice of narrative moment is one that began in the Greek world; particularly during the Hellenistic period, and was developed and enhanced by the Romans. Moreover, this interest in creating tension for the spectator, and in the relationship between viewer and image, is also demonstrated by the inclusion of a spectator figure in the Penelope painting. Although the other paintings do not survive, their subjects are known from a nineteenth-century drawing and from nineteenth-century descriptions, and these too share the same narrative technique. If the lost paintings are (also) copies of Greek originals, then the Macellum may have served as a picture gallery for Pompeii's inhabitants. A careful reading of the Macellum paintings (both extant and lost) of Greek myths, their juxtaposition and relationship to each other, and their reception in Roman literature and society reveals that the paintings were arranged as a program, a moralizing ensemble, designed to instruct the viewer on the proper behavior of Roman matrons.

European caves contain some of the world’s greatest Paleolithic paintings, and their conservation is at risk due to the use of artificial lighting. Both lighting and high CO2 promotes the growth of phototrophic organisms on walls, speleothems and ground sediments. In addition, the combined effect of increases in CO2, vapor concentration and temperature variations induced by visitors can directly affect the development of corrosion processes on the cave rock surfaces. An early detection of the occurrence of phototrophic biofilms on Paleolithic paintings is of the utmost importance, as well as knowing the microorganisms involved in the colonization of rocks and walls. Knowledge of the colonizing species and their ecology will allow the adoption of control measures. However, this is not always possible due to the limited amount of biomass available for molecular analyses. Here, we present an alternative approach to study faint green biofilms of Chlorophyta in the initial stage of colonization on the Polychrome Panel in El Castillo Cave, Cantabria, Spain. The study of the biofilms collected on the rock art panel and in the ground sediments revealed that the lighting of the cave promoted the development of the green algae Jenufa and Coccomyxa, as well as of complex prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, including amoebae, their endoparasites and associated bacteria and fungi. The enrichment method used is proposed as a tool to overcome technical constraints in characterizing biofilms in the early stages, allowing a preliminary characterization before deciding for direct or indirect interventions in the cave.

Energy efficient building concerns to the structure and using the process that is environmental liable and material efficient all around a building lifecycle. The basic principle of this building to minimize the energy consumption for heating and cooling system. The paper investigates the thermal behavior of hemp fiber insulation in timber framed wall panels for which timber framed structures will be experimented. Steps to enhance the energy performance were applied to building structure, window area, window glazing, lightning, heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. We were measured the U-values of timber walls, hemp fiber insulation and window glazing. Results showed that energy efficient building enjoy the benefits of saving 40-50% energy by reducing greenhouse gases emissions into atmosphere. We have discussed about the rating system of energy efficient building or green building. In this paper, information pertaining to building life cycle and detailed explanation regarding fundamentals of building energy will be provided.

The paper focuses on a new type of solar collector used double plastic-steel windows and covered of double common glasses. To ensure air passage closed and insulation, the collector is prefabricated made in whole. The inside and backplane of collector are covered of heated enamel in dark green with copper oxide, magnesium oxide and iron oxide; The penetrated metal mesh is placed in air passage between absorber and glasses to enhance heat transfer. The size and position of gas inlet and outlet of collector could be specified by means of simulation and analysis. Heat loss coefficients and thermal efficiency are tested. The results show that thermal efficiency of collector is superior and performance of heat preservation is good. The application of collector in solar buildings can replace the Trombe wall and be used as a type of outdoor, easy to regulate their construction process and ensure the effect of solar collector.

Although environmental action is regarded as a public relations strategy aiming to manifest a corporate green stance, this not always the case. Many consumers tend to be skeptical of corporate real environmental efforts, especially firms in traditionally dirty industries. However, few studies have focused on this issue. To shed light on such a phenomenon, the present study aims to provide a comprehensive multiple-step multiple-mediator model based on the social intuitionist model and cognitive-affective system theory of personality(CAPS) to examine how corporate environmental actions (substantive vs. symbolic) affect consumer positive word-of-mouth (WOM) and to investigate the cognitive and affective processes of greenwashing perception and other-condemning emotions. Findings from an online Chinese consumer panel of 130 adults indicate that consumers are prone to have more positive WOM for substantive actions compared with symbolic actions; this effect is not only mediated by other-condemning emotions but serially mediated by, firstly, greenwashing perception and, secondly, other-condemning emotions. The current study is conducive to explaining the link between corporate environmental actions and consumer positive WOM from a theoretical argument and empirical evidence, and thus providing suggestions for advertisers and marketers in green marketing about environmental information disclosure.

Abstract Sorj Chalandon tells, in The Fourth Wall, the civil war in Lebanon through the staging of Antigone of Anouilh. Through a panel of young people from the belligerent parties, the author proposes an immersion in Greek history, fiction and tragedy, in a subtle intertextual interweaving, which would be considered as a possible generic dialogue in the objective of an effective resilience manifesting itself beyond writing. Résumé Sorj Chalandon raconte, dans Le Quatrième mur, la guerre civile au Liban à travers la mise en scène de Antigone d’Anouilh. Par le biais d’un panel de jeunes personnages issus des parties belligérantes, l’auteur propose une immersion dans l’Histoire, la fiction et la tragédie grecque selon un subtil ntrecroisement intertextuel, qui serait à considérer comme un possible dialogue générique, dans l’espoir d’une résilience effective se manifestant au-delà de l’écriture.

History of furniture in the rococo style The architecture in this period finally loses all signs of monumentality and tectonics of form: there is no longer division by carrying and carried. Walls and ceilings are made into decorative planes dissected by various panels with a frame. Ornamental forms are asymmetric and always curvilinear; without being subject to any rules, they cover almost entirely the surface of walls and ceilings. The very walls, wood-paneled, are crumbled in choicest light blue, light green, pink and white colors, set off by a gilded ornamentation and hanged on with lots of mirrors in the lush frames.

<p>In recent years, light-transmitting cement-based materials (LTCM) have become important in the construction of green buildings because these reduce energy consumption for lighting. LTCMs were prepared by adding polymeric optical fibers (POFs) in a high strength self-compacting mortar (SCM). SCM was formulated from Portland cement, fine sand and water reducing admixture following the EFNARC criteria. LTCMs with a constant fiber content (5%) and three fiber diameter (0.75, 1 and 1.5 mm) were prepared by casting fresh SCM into a formwork designed ad hoc to keep the fibers fixed and aligned. Light transmitting performance of LTCM was tested by optical power measures. The effects of fiber diameter and distance between sample and detector on the optical power were evaluated. The compressive strength of hardened SCM reached a value of 69 MPa at an age of 28 days, while the LTCMs maintained sufficient strength for structural purposes. LTCMs are suitable to produce precast blocks and wall panels for application in building facades, signage and decorative art.</p>

Abstract: Light-transmitting concrete, known also as translucent concrete, is literally the brightest concrete development in recent years. Strands of optical fibers are cast by the thousands into concrete to transmit light, either natural or artificial, into all spaces surrounding the resulting translucent panels. The material can be used in a variety of architectural and interior design applications, such as wall cladding and dividers. The main theme of this paper is use of optical fibers in concrete, which is energy saving and green technology. It lends great energy savings in closed and non-ventilated spaces. Due to small size of the fibers, they blend into concrete becoming a component of the material like small pieces of aggregate. By using plastic optical fibers in concrete specimens, light transmission occurs through optical fibers, which make it possible to see light, shades and even colors through very thick walls. The work presented in this paper reports an investigation on the behavior of concrete and mortar with optical fiber. Concrete and mortar cube are casted with fibers to study the properties and to compare with optical fiber. The light transmission of concrete samples made with different fiber amount varies from 2% to 4% and with thickness 0.25mm to 0.75mm were studied. The light transmission is seen to increase with the increase in fiber content and increase in the diameter. Keywords: Optical fibre, Light transmitting concrete, Translucent concrete.

Background:Large-vessel vasculitides comprise Takayasu arteritis (TA)and giant cell arteritis (GCA). Arterial stenosis and dilatation directly affect prognosis but the mechanism(s) underlying remodeling of the vessel wall have not been identified. Microvesicles (MVs) are membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles released upon cellular activation and stress and as a consequence of environmental inflammation. MVs maintain features and constituents of their parental cells. They have been proposed to serve as potential liquid biopsies in oncology.Objectives:To verify whether arterial wall derived-MVs are recognizable in the blood of TA patients and express bioactive molecules potentially involved in arterial injury, inflammation and remodeling.Methods:Platelet was obtained from 112 LVV pts (73 TA, 39 GCA), 42 age and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) and 30 pts with severe carotid atherosclerosis requiring vascular surgery. Plasma flow cytometry was performed with anti-CD14, CD16, anti-CD144 (VE-cadherin, an endothelial marker), anti-CD140a/b (PDGF receptor A/B a vascular stromal marker), anti-HMGB1, anti-PTX3, mitotracker green (that identifies mithochondrial moieties) and mitosox (that revels mitochondrial reactive oxygen species). MVs were identified by physical parameters using Gigamix beads. Medium- to large-sized MVs were defined as MVs with >240nm-eq diameter.Results:Preliminary results are available for 49 LVV (42 TA, 7 GCA), 8 severe carotidatherosclerosis and 14 age- and sex-matched HC. As compared to HC or CA, LVV plasma contains a higher number of MVs and in particular of medium- to large- sized MVs (p<0.001 for all comparisons) (Figure, panels A-B). Next, we evaluated the MVs surface expression of markers of leukocytic, endothelial and stromal/vascular stromal lineages. Total counts of CD14+, CD16+, CD66b+, CD140a+, CD140b+, CD144+ MVs were increased in LVV plasma with very high level of significance (Figure, panels C-G) while higher percentage of CD16+ and CD140a+ medium-to large-sized MVs was found in atherosclerosis. Expression of molecules involved in inflammation or repair, PTX3 or HMGB1 mitochondrial antigens and mitochondrial ROS all were consistently higher in LVV (Figure, panels H-M).Conclusion:MVs, including those expressing arterial stromal biomarkers, are increased in LVV plasma, suggesting a communication between the vessel wall and peripheral blood. MV express signals that may in turn contribute to persisting vascular inflammation in large vessel vascultis Further analysis is required to dissect their potential use as disease biomarkersReferences:[1]van Niel G et al, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018[2]Mason JC. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Citric acid (CA) can be found naturally in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruit. CA is widely used in many fields but its usage as a green modifying agent and binder for wood is barely addressed. Esterification is one of the most common chemical reactions applied in wood modification. CA contains three carboxyl groups, making it possible to attain at least two esterification reactions that are required for crosslinking when reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the cell wall polymers. In addition, the reaction could form ester linkages to bring adhesivity and good bonding characteristics, and therefore CA could be used as wood binder too. This paper presents a review concerning the usage of CA as a wood modifying agent and binder. For wood modification, the reaction mechanism between wood and CA and the pros and cons of using CA are discussed. CA and its combination with various reactants and their respective optimum parameters are also compiled in this paper. As for the major wood bonding component, the bonding mechanism and types of wood composites bonded with CA are presented. The best working conditions for the CA in the fabrication of wood-based panels are discussed. In addition, the environmental impacts and future outlook of CA-treated wood and bonded composite are also considered.

Green façades with an active water regime and the water flowing through the substrate itself are not common. This system reduces the temperatures and incorporates the evapotranspiration, which could be more effective than by the regular green façades. The use of a double-skin façade with a ventilated air cavity can reduce the heat load, but the evapotranspiration can reduce it even more with additional benefits. Green façades could also serve as a key element for reducing the surface temperatures of the insulated metal panels (IMP), which are mostly used as a façade system for production facilities or factories. In this paper, a prototype of a double-skin façade, which consisted of vegetation board from recycled materials and IMP, is tested in a climate chamber to evaluate the function and benefits of such a combination. The outdoor skin is made from board, the surface of which is covered by the rooted succulent plants. Measurement results are represented as a direct comparison of single sunny day surface temperatures with and without a double-skin (green) façade. The use of the green façade reduces the indoor surface temperature of IMP by 2.8 °C in this measurement. The use of water circulation through the outdoor skin reduces the temperature of the vegetation board by 28 °C. This could have a great impact on the microclimate around the façade. Because of the controlled environment and ventilation system in a climate chamber, it is not possible to investigate the airflow and solar chimney effect within the ventilated cavity. In addition, it is complicated to show the potential of microclimate change caused by the wet vegetation surface. For the mentioned reasons, the need to carry out “in situ” tests on a model wall under the real conditions was indicated.

A better understanding of wood form–structure–function relationships and potentialities can lead to an enormous pool of fascinating solutions and inventions. In this research advances from both the anatomical and the mechanical points of view, the principles, fundamentals and concept generators derived from the inherent relationship between green tissue-microstructure and physical–mechanical properties of two representative woody species. Specifically, a total of 120 small-clear samples cut from six (e.g., three per wood species) Eucalyptus globulus (i.e., hardwood) and Cupressus macrocarpa (i.e., softwood) trees were sampled and tested to determine the tissue transitions per age group (e.g., juvenile, mature and senile) in terms of density, area, roundness and sphericity of vessel elements, longitudinal tracheids and longitudinal/ray parenchyma cells. Moreover, the studied green tissue-microstructure transitions were compared and analysed with the corresponding physical–mechanical properties [i.e., green density, moisture content, modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE)] of each species, which in turn were acquired from 159 tests carried out according to the German Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN standards). The results herein show mature and senile wood tissues are more rigid and mechanically resistant than juvenile ones, which is partially influenced by the progressive increment in cell-wall thickness as the wood-tissue ages, and this process is of greater magnitude for the eucalyptus species. Indeed, this representative hardwood species was found superior in terms of mechanical resistance to the progression of stresses due to a complex porous vascular system that becomes stronger as the tissue-microstructure ages. The design principles underlying the natural architectures of both studied green tissues provide concept generators for potential biomimetic and engineering applications, e.g., eucalyptus species are suitable for structural applications, whereas the superior flexibility found in the cypress species could be well bio-mimicked into composite panels, where the balance between strength and rigidity is of high relevance.

In the last half-dozen years, the early fifth-century BC ‘Classical Revolution’ in Greek sculpture and painting has become ‘hot’ again.1 Did it develop gradually, incrementally, and logically out of the Archaic, or emerge quite suddenly (if so, when?), or involve some combination of both? Since chronology drives the debate, as usual in the study of ancient material culture, to restate some basic principles seems appropriate. I. Absolute chronologies, independently derived, should always underpin and guide relative ones. II. In a relative/gradualist chronology, the ‘latest’ feature of an artifact determines its stylistic terminus post quem, and thus its place in the series.2 Nevertheless: III. Such relative dates cannot be turned simply or unproblematically into history.3 IV. Nothing new comes out of nothing (even Athena came from the head of Zeus). Yet: V. Supposed ‘predecessors’ to a revolution on a gradualist chronology often turn out to be hesitant reactions to it when more data emerge.4 In the present case, unfortunately, the Sicyonian, Argive, Aeginetan, and Athenian bronzes celebrated in the texts are all lost, together with all contemporary wall and panel painting; no absolute chronology exists for early fifth-century East Greek sculpture;5 and West Greek sculpture clearly trails that of the mainland. So by default, our spotlight must fall largely on the marble sculpture of Athens, Aegina, and the Cyclades, and on red-figure vase-painting.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that sea levels will rise by up to 0.82 m in the next 100 years. In natural systems, coastlines would migrate landwards, but because most of the world’s human population occupies the coast, anthropogenic structures (such as sea walls or buildings) have been constructed to defend the shore and prevent loss of property. This can result in a net reduction in beach area, a phenomenon known as “coastal squeeze”, which will reduce beach availability for species such as marine turtles. As of yet, no global assessment of potential future coastal squeeze risk at marine turtle nesting beaches has been conducted. We used Google Earth satellite imagery to enumerate the proportion of beaches over the global nesting range of marine turtles that are backed by hard anthropogenic coastal development (HACD). Mediterranean and North American nesting beaches had the most HACD, while the Australian and African beaches had the least. Loggerhead and Kemp’s ridley turtle nesting beaches had the most HACD, and flatback and green turtles the least. Future management approaches should prioritise the conservation of beaches with low HACD to mitigate future coastal squeeze.

Abstract In less than two decades, the global tourism industry has overtaken the construction industry as one of the biggest polluters, accounting for up to 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions as reported by the United National World Trade Organization (UNWTO 2018). This position resonates the consensus of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Consequently, research into the causal link between emissions and the tourism industry has increased significantly focusing extensively on top earners from the industry. However, few studies have thoroughly assessed this relationship for small island economies that are highly dependent on tourism. Hence, this study assessed the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, real GDP per capita (RGDP) and the tourism industry. The analysis is conducted for seven tourism-dependent countries for the period 1995 to 2014 using panel VAR approach, with support from fully modified ordinary least square and pooled mean group–autoregressive distributed lag models. Unit root tests confirm that all variables are stationary at first difference. Our VAR Granger causality/block exogeneity Wald test results show a unidirectional causality flowing from tourism to CO2 emission, RGDP and energy consumption, but a bi-directional causality exists between tourism and urbanization. This implies that in countries that depend on tourism, the behaviour of CO2 emission, RGDP and energy consumption can be predicted by the volume of tourist arrivals, but not the other way around. The impulse response analysis also shows that the responses of tourism to shocks in CO2 appear negative within the 1st year, positive within the 2nd and 3rd years but revert to equilibrium in the fourth year. Finally, the reaction of tourism to shocks in energy consumption is similar to its reaction to shocks in RGDP. Tourism responds positively to shocks in urbanization throughout the periods. These outcomes were resonated by the Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality analysis where the growth-induced tourism hypothesis is validated as well as feedback causality observed between tourism and pollutant emission and urbanization and pollutant emission in the blocks over the sampled period. Consequently, this study draws pertinent energy and tourism policy implications for sustainable tourism on the panel over their growth trajectory without compromise for green environment.

Numerous classrooms at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, built in the years 1960–1980, require deep modernization to implement the idea of the green university there. The paper presents an energy analysis of possible scenarios of modernization of a selected lecture hall and an indication of the optimal variant in terms of the user’s thermal comfort. The conditions of the room were experimentally measured. Authors compared the energy effects of typical thermorenovation activities, such as increased thermal resistance of external walls (reduction of the primary energy (EP) demand by about 45%), with more advanced measures, such as replacement of natural ventilation with mechanical with heat recovery (indicated in the course of numerical studies as necessary for health and comfort of users). The authors also compared the effectiveness of the heat network and individual sources that could be implemented in the building. The heat pump, in combination with photovoltaic panels, turned out to be optimal (reduction of the EP by 97%, utility energy by 69%). As the problem of modernizing facilities to a similar standard is also faced by many campuses, school facilities, and assembly rooms in Central and Eastern Europe, the presented results can be a reference point for similar activities in other locations.

Recent conservation and restoration work on the icon of the Virgin and Child which stood on the altar in the Church of St. Nicholas at Prijeko in Dubrovnik has enabled a new interpretation of this paining. The icon, painted on a panel made of poplar wood, features a centrally-placed Virgin holding the Child in her arms painted on a gold background between the two smaller figures of St. Peter and St. John the Baptist. The figures are painted in the manner of the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Dubrovnik style, and represent a later intervention which significantly changed the original appearance and composition of the older icon by adding the two saints and touching up the Virgin’s clothes with Renaissance ornaments, all of which was performed by the well-known Dubrovnik painter Nikola Božidarević. It can be assumed that the icon originally featured a standing or seated Virgin and Child. The Virgin is depicted with her head slightly lowered and pointing to the Christ Child whom she is holding on her right side. The chubby boy is not seated on his mother’s lap but is reclining on his right side and leaningforward while his face is turned towards the spectator. He is dressed in a red sleeveless tunic with a simple neck-line which is embroidered with gold thread. The Child is leaning himself on the Virgin’s right hand which is holding him. He is firmly grasping her thumb with one hand and her index finger with the other in a very intimate nursing gesture while she, true to the Hodegitria scheme, is pointing at him with her left hand, which is raised to the level of her breasts. Such an almost-realistic depiction of Christ as a small child with tiny eyes, mouth and nose, drastically departs from the model which portrays him with the mature face of an adult, as was customary in icon painting. The Virgin is wearing a luxurious gold cloak which was repainted with large Renaissance-style flowers. Her head is covered with a traditional maphorion which forms a wide ring around it and is encircled by a nimbus which was bored into thegold background. Her skin tone is pink and lit diffusely, and was painted with almost no green shadows, which is typical of Byzantine painting. The Virgin’s face is striking and markedly oval. It is characterized by a silhouetted, long, thin nose which is connected to the eyebrows. The ridge of the nose is emphasized with a double edge and gently lit whilethe almond-shaped eyes with dark circles are set below the inky arches of the eyebrows. The Virgin’s cheeks are smooth and rosy while her lips are red. The plasticity of her round chin is emphasized by a crease below the lower lip and its shadow. The Virgin’s eyes, nose and mouth are outlined with a thick red line. Her hands are light pink in colour and haveelongated fingers and pronounced, round muscles on the wrists. The fingers are separated and the nails are outlined with precision. The deep, resounding hues of the colour red and the gilding, together with the pale pink skin tone of her face, create an impression of monumentality. The type of the reclining Christ Child has been identified in Byzantine iconography as the Anapeson. Its theological background lies in the emphasis of Christ’s dual nature: although the Christ Child is asleep, the Christ as God is always keeping watch over humans. The image was inspired by a phrase from Genesis 49: 9 about a sleeping lion to whom Christ is compared: the lion sleeps with his eyes open. The Anapeson is drowsy and awake at the same time, and therefore his eyes are not completely shut. Such a paradox is a theological anticipation of his “sleep” in the tomb and represents an allegory of his death and Resurrection. The position, gesture and clothes of the Anapeson in Byzantine art are not always the same. Most frequently, the ChristChild is not depicted lying in his mother’s arms but on an oval bed or pillow, resting his head on his hand, while the Virgin is kneeling by his side. Therefore, the Anapeson from Dubrovnik is unique thanks to the conspicuously humanized relationship between the figures which is particularly evident in Christ’s explicitly intimate gesture of grasping the fingers of his mother’s hand: his right hand is literally “inserting” itself in the space between the Virgin’s thumb and index finger. At the same time, the baring of his arms provided the painter with an opportunity to depict the pale tones of a child’s tender skin. The problem of the iconography of the Anapeson in the medieval painting at Dubrovnik is further complicated by a painting which was greatly venerated in Župa Dubrovačka as Santa Maria del Breno. It has not been preserved but an illustration of it was published in Gumppenberg’sfamous Atlas Marianus which shows the Virgin seated on a high-backed throne and holding the sleeping and reclining Child. The position of this Anapeson Christ does not correspond fully to the icon from the Church of St. Nicholas because the Child is lying on its back and his naked body is covered with the swaddling fabric. The icon of the Virgin and Child from Prijeko claims a special place in the corpus of Romanesque icons on the Adriatic through its monumentality and intimate character. The details of the striking and lively Virgin’s face, dominated by the pronounced and gently curved Cimabuesque nose joined to the shallow arches of her eyebrows, link her with the Benedictine Virgin at Zadar. Furthermore, based on the manner of painting characterized by the use of intense red for the shadows in the nose and eye area, together with the characteristic shape of the elongated, narrow eyes, this Virgin and Child should be brought into connection with the painter who is known as the Master of the Benedictine Virgin. The so-called Benedictine Virgin is an icon, now at the Benedictine Convent at Zadar, which depicts the Virgin seated on a throne with a red, ceremonial, imperial cushion, in a solemn scheme of the Kyriotissa, the heavenly queen holding the Christ Child on her lap. The throne is wooden and has a round back topped with wooden finials which can also be seen in the Byzantine Kahn Virgin and the Mellon Madonna, as well as in later Veneto-Cretan painting. The throne is set under a shallow ciborium arch which is rendered in relief and supportedby twisted colonettes and so the painting itself is sunk into the surface of the panel. A very similar scheme with a triumphal arch can be seen on Byzantine ivory diptychs with shallow ciborium arches and twisted colonettes. In its composition, the icon from Prijeko is a combination ofthe Kyr i ot i ss a and the Hodegitria, because the Virgin as the heavenly queen does not hold the Christ Child frontally before her but on her right-hand side while pointing at him as the road to salvation. He is seated on his mother’s arm and is supporting himself by pressing his crossed legsagainst her thigh which symbolizes his future Passion. He is wearing a formal classical costume with a red cloak over his shoulder. He is depicted in half profile which opens up the frontal view of the red clavus on his navy blue chiton.He is blessing with the two fingers of his right hand and at the same time reaching for the unusual flower rendered in pastiglia which the Virgin is raising in her left hand and offering to him. At the same time, she is holding the lower part of Christ’s body tightly with her right hand.Various scholars have dated the icon of the Benedictine Virgin to the early fourteenth century. While Gothic features are particularly evident in the costumes of the donors, the elements such as the modelling of the throne and the presence of the ceremonial cushion belong to the Byzantine style of the thirteenth century. The back of the icon of the Benedictine Virgin features the figure of St. Peter set within a border consisting of a lively and colourful vegetal scroll which could be understood as either Romanesque or Byzantine. However, St. Peter’s identifying titulus is written in Latin while that of the Virgin is in Greek. The figure of St. Peter was painted according to the Byzantine tradition: his striking and severe face is rendered linearly in a rigid composition, which is complemented by his classical contrapposto against a green-gray parapet wall, while the background is of dark green-blue colour. Equally Byzantine is themanner of depicting the drapery with flat, shallow folds filled with white lines at the bottom of the garment while, at the same time, the curved undulating hem of the cloak which falls down St. Peter’s right side is Gothic. The overall appearance of St. Peter is perhaps even more Byzantine than that of the Virgin. Such elements, together with the typically Byzantine costumes, speak clearly of a skilful artist who uses hybrid visual language consisting of Byzantine painting and elements of the Romanesque and Gothic. Of particular interest are the wide nimbuses surrounding the heads of the Virgin and Child (St. Peter has a flat one) which are rendered in relief and filled with a neat sequence of shallow blind archesexecuted in the pastiglia technique which, according to M. Frinta, originated in Cyprus. The Venetian and Byzantine elements of the Benedictine Virgin have already been pointed out in the scholarship. Apart from importing art works and artists such as painters and mosaic makers directly from Byzantium into Venice, what was the extent and nature of the Byzantineinfluence on Venetian artistic achievements in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries? We know that the art of Venice and the West alike were affected by the Fourth Crusade and the sack of Constantinople in 1204, and by the newly founded Latin Empire which lasted until 1261.The Venetians played a particularly significant political and administrative role in this Empire and the contemporary hybrid artistic style of the eastern Mediterranean, called Crusader Art and marked by the strong involvement of the Knights Templar, must have been disseminated through the established routes. In addition to Cyprus, Apulia and Sicily which served as stops for the artists and art works en route to Venice and Tuscany, another station must have been Dalmatia where eastern and western influences intermingled and complemented each other.However, it is interesting that the icon of the Benedictine Virgin, apart from negligible variations, imitates almost completely the iconographic scheme of the Madonna di Ripalta at Cerignola on the Italian side of the Adriatic, which has been dated to the early thirteenth century and whose provenance has been sought in the area between southern Italy (Campania) and Cyprus. Far more Byzantine is another Apulian icon, that of a fourteenth-century enthroned Virgin from the basilica of St. Nicholas at Bari with which the Benedictine Virgin from Zadar shares certain features such as the composition and posture of the figures, the depictionof donors and Christ’s costume. A similar scheme, which indicates a common source, can be seen on a series of icons of the enthroned Virgin from Tuscany. The icon of the Virgin and Child from Prijeko is very important for local Romanesque painting of the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century because it expands the oeuvre of the Master of the Benedictine Virgin. Anicon which is now at Toronto, in the University of Toronto Art Centre Malcove Collection, has also been attributed to this master. This small two-sided icon which might have been a diptych panel, as can be judged from its typology, depicts the Virgin with the Anapeson in the upper register while below is the scene from the martyrdom of St. Lawrence. The Virgin is flanked by the figures of saints: to the left is the figure of St. Francis while the saint on the right-hand side has been lost due to damage sustained to the icon. The busts of SS Peter and Paul are at the top.The physiognomies of the Virgin and Child correspond to those of the Benedictine Virgin and the Prijeko icon. The Anapeson, unlike the one at Dubrovnik, is wrapped in a rich, red cloak decorated with lumeggiature, which covers his entire body except the left fist and shin. On the basis of the upper register of this icon, it can be concluded that the Master of the Benedictine Virgin is equally adept at applying the repertoire and style of Byzantine and Western painting alike; the lower register of the icon with its descriptive depiction of the martyrdom of St.Lawrence is completely Byzantine in that it portrays the Roman emperor attending the saint’s torture as a crowned Byzantine ruler. Such unquestionable stylistic ambivalence – the presence of the elements from both Byzantine and Italian painting – can also be seen on the icons of theBenedictine and Prijeko Virgin and they point to a painter who works in a “combined style.” Perhaps he should be sought among the artists who are mentioned as pictores greci in Dubrovnik, Kotor and Zadar. The links between Dalmatian icons and Apulia and Tuscany have already been noted, but the analysis of these paintings should also contain the hitherto ignored segment of Sicilian and eastern Mediterranean Byzantinism, including Cyprus as the centre of Crusader Art. The question of the provenance of the Master of the Benedictine Virgin remains open although the icon of the Virgin and Child from Prijeko points to the possibility that he may have been active in Dalmatia.However, stylistic expressions of the two icons from Zadar and Dubrovnik, together with the one which is today at Toronto, clearly demonstrate the coalescing of cults and forms which arrived to the Adriatic shores fromfurther afield, well beyond the Adriatic, and which were influenced by the significant, hitherto unrecognized, role of the eastern Mediterranean.

As we have seen in previous chapters, throughout the Greek world, in cities, cemeteries, and sanctuaries, images, usually of figures in human form, were omnipresent, shaped at full and small size in wood, stone, and bronze, painted on panels and walls, and chosen as decoration for metal and clay vessels, for textiles, for jewellery and gems, for bone and ivory objects, and so on. Such images were constantly before the eyes of the men and women as they went about their daily lives. They acted as a visual language that was parallel to the oral versions in talk, recitation, songs, and plays. It is unlikely that the general public gave much thought to the men who made the images and gradually changed the look of the statues seen in the street, the reliefs that adorned the temples in the sanctuaries, the funerary monuments in the cemeteries, or the painted objects handled at home and elsewhere. They would have scanned the images for their content – figures created in their imagination or stories conjured up from the past that they had heard in public performance or private conversation, as well as scenes that related to the social life of their own day.

The Complex of King Djoser (2667-2648 BC) at Saqqara was the earliest stone building of its size in the world. Some of the walls of the substructure of the Step Pyramid and the so-called "Southern Tomb" were covered with panels of blue-green faience tiles. The present work aims to study causes of decay the faience tiles which coated Southern Tomb of Step Pyramid. Investigations and analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray florescence (XRF) and polarizing microscopy were used. Results show that body of faience tiles contains high ratio of silicon oxide SiO2 and low amounts of alkaline oxides (Na2O, MgO), copper was used to obtain the blue colour in an oxidizing atmosphere and fixing mortar of faience tiles consists mainly of calcite, quartz, gypsum, in addition to halite. High content of moisture and crystallization of salts mainly halite salt were the main factors of faience tiles degradation.Keywords: Alteration processes; Faience tiles; Step Pyramid; Mortars.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

The historical research of the illustrated Nuremberg Chronicle [Schedelsche Weltchronik (English: Schedel’s World Chronicle)] of Hartmann Schedel com­prises the complex historical knowledge about numerous woodcuts which pre­sent views of various cities important in the world’s history, e.g. Jerusalem, Constantinople, or the European ones such as: Rome, some Italian, German or Polish cities e.g. Wrocław and Cracow; some Hungarian and some Czech Republic cities. Researchers have made a serious study to recognize certain constructions in the woodcuts; they indicated the conservative and contractual architecture, the existing places and the unrealistic (non-existent) places. The results show that there is a common detail in all the views – the defensive wall round each of the described cities. However, in reality, it may not have existed in some cities during the lifetime of the authors of the woodcuts. As for some further details: behind the walls we can see feudal castles on the hills shown as strongholds. Within the defensive walls there are numerous buildings with many towers typical for the Middle Ages and true-to-life in certain ways of building the cities. Schematically drawn buildings surrounded by the ring of defensive walls indicate that the author used certain patterns based on the previously created panoramic views. This article is an attempt of making analogical comparisons of the cities in medieval painting. The Author of the article presents Roman mosaics and the miniature painting e.g. the ones created in the scriptorium in Reichenau. Since the beginning of 14th century Italian painters such as: Duccio di Buoninsegna, Giotto di Bondone, Simone Martini and Ambrogio Lorenzetti painted parts of the cities or the entire monumental panoramas in various compositions and with various meanings. One defining rule in this painting concerned the definitions of the cities given by Saint Isidore of Seville, based on the rules which he knew from the antique tradition. These are: urbs – the cities full of architecture and buildings but uninhabited or civita – the city, the living space of the human life, build-up space, engaged according to the law, kind of work and social hierarchy. The tra­dition of both ways of describing the city is rooted in Italy. This article indicates the particular meaning of Italian painting in distributing the image of the city – as the votive offering. The research conducted by Chiara Frugoni and others indica­ted the meaning of the city images in the painting of various forms of panegyrics created in high praise of cities, known as laude (Lat.). We can find the examples of them rooted in the Roman tradition of mosaics, e.g. in San Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna. They present both palatium and civitas. The medieval Italian painting, especially the panel painting, presents the city structure models which are uninha­bited and deprived of any signs of everyday life. The models of cities – urbs, are presented as votive offerings devoted to their patron saints, especially to Virgin Mary. The city shaped as oval or sinusoidal rings surrounded by the defensive walls resembled a container filled with buildings. Only few of them reflected the existing cities and could mainly be identified thanks to the inscriptions. The most characteristic examples were: the fresco of Taddeo di Bartolo in Palazzo Publico in Siena, which presented the Dominican Order friar Ambrogio Sansedoni holding the model of his city – Siena, with its most recognizable building - the Cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of Mary. The same painter, referred to as the master painter of the views of the cities as the votive offerings, painted the Saint Antilla with the model of Montepulciano in the painting from 1401 for the Cathedral devoted to the Assumption of Mary in Montepulciano. In the painting made by T. di Bartolo, the bishop of the city of Gimignano, Saint Gimignano, presents the city in the shape of a round lens surrounded by defence walls with numerous church towers and the feudal headquarters characteristic for the city. His dummer of the city is pyramidally-structured, the hills are mounted on the steep slopes reflecting the analogy to the topography of the city. We can also find the texts of songs, laude (Lat.) and panegyrics created in honour of the cities and their rulers, e.g. the texts in honour of Milan, Bonvesin for La Riva, known in Europe at that time. The city – Arcadia (utopia) in the modern style. Hartman Schedel, as a bibliophile and a scholar, knew the texts of medieval writers and Italian art but, as an ambitious humanist, he could not disregard the latest, contemporary trends of Renaissance which were coming from Nuremberg and from Italian ci­ties. The views of Arcadia – the utopian city, were rapidly developing, as they were of great importance for the rich recipient in the beginning of the modern era overwhelmed by the early capitalism. It was then when the two opposites were combined – the shepherd and the knight, the Greek Arcadia with the medie­val city. The reception of Virgil’s Arcadia in the medieval literature and art was being developed again in the elite circles at the end of 15th century. The cultural meaning of the historical loci, the Greek places of the ancient history and the memory of Christianity constituted the essence of historicism in the Renaissance at the courts of the Comnenos and of the Palaiologos dynasty, which inspired the Renaissance of the Latin culture circle. The pastoral idleness concept came from Venice where Virgil’s books were published in print in 1470, the books of Ovid: Fasti and Metamorphoses were published in 1497 and Sannazaro’s Arcadia was published in 1502, previously distributed in his handwriting since 1480. Literature topics presented the historical works as memoria, both ancient and Christian, composed into the images. The city maps drawn by Hartmann Schedel, the doctor and humanist from Nurnberg, refer to the medieval images of urbs, the woodcuts with the cities, known to the author from the Italian painting of the greatest masters of the Trecenta period. As a humanist he knew the literature of the Renaissance of Florence and Venice with the Arcadian themes of both the Greek and the Roman tradition. The view of Constantinople in the context of the contemporary political situation, is presented in a series of monuments of architecture, with columns and defensive walls, which reminded of the history of the city from its greatest time of Constantine the Great, Justinian I and the Comnenus dynasty. Schedel’s work of art is the sum of the knowledge written down or painted. It is also the result of the experiments of new technology. It is possible that Schedel was inspired by the hymns, laude, written by Psellos in honour of Constantinople in his elaborate ecphrases as the panegyrics for the rulers of the Greek dynasty – the Macedonians. Already in that time, the Greek ideal of beauty was reborn, both in literature and in fine arts. The illustrated History of the World presented in Schedel’s woodcuts is given to the recipients who are educated and to those who are anonymous, in the spirit of the new anthropology. It results from the nature of the woodcut reproduc­tion, that is from the way of copying the same images. The artist must have strived to gain the recipients for his works as the woodcuts were created both in Latin and in German. The collected views were supposed to transfer historical, biblical and mythological knowledge in the new way of communication.

It is one thing to find Medea compelling, another to make her art, let alone funerary art. This article faces this complexity head on by examining Medea's visual identity within a sepulchral context. It interrogates her presence on Roman sarcophagi of the mid to late second century CE. The corpus is not insubstantial—nine intact relief panels plus further fragmentary pieces offer ample testament to Medea's presence in the funerary context. Beyond this sphere, Medea's emotionally charged legacy needs no introduction, and her characterisation—outsider, avenger, semi-divine sorceress, victim and murderer—is fleshed out by her capacity to fascinate and repel. Modern scholarship fans the flames, as she remains a popular subject for scholars of Latin and Greek literature, mythology and gender studies.In contrast, Medea's visual sphere of interest has attracted less in-depth attention. Recent studies have acknowledged the implications of her presence on pots and in freestanding sculpture, and most notably, wall painting is beginning to receive careful treatment. Yet art-historians have been more reluctant to confront Medea within the enclosed and predisposed funerary context. Traditional approaches to mythological sarcophagi more generally have favoured consolado as the dominant mode of commemoration, in which empathy and pothos are paramount and protagonists like Adonis and Endymion seen as positive exempla worthy of analogy and assimilation. The deceased is elevated by association with these figures (an association which is often underlined by the use of a portrait head) and the bereaved reassured by the implied interaction of mundane and heroic, mortal and divine. In this way, desire becomes a gloss for grief and loss is translated as yearning.

Abstract This is the case of a 64-year-old male patient with prior inferior wall myocardial infarction, wearing a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator and suffering from recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT). The patient had undergone a transitory successful endocardial radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in 2013 and a stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) in 2021, targeting the VT originating in the inferior wall myocardial scar. The patient was referred to our institution due to recurrent highly symptomatic slow-VT. A coronary angiography ruled out coronary artery disease (CAD) progression and a RFCA was rescheduled. Given the suspected epicardial origin of VT based on a 12-lead ECG, the decision was made to perform a combined epi-endocardial ablation. SABR-induced pericardial adhesions prevented posterior pericardial access, thus requiring an anterior access approach (Figure 1, Panel A, yellow star). Following epicardial and endocardial electroanatomic mapping (EAM), VT ablation relied on a substrate-based approach. Local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVAs), detected both in the accessible epicardial inferior wall of the left ventricle and at the opposite endocardial site, were eliminated by radiofrequency (RF) current. Upon completion of endocardial ablation, ventricular pacing induced hemodynamically unstable VT, exiting from the epicardial region corresponding to the SABR-induced pericardial adhesions. Mechanical adhesiolysis, using the elbow of the open-irrigated ablation catheter, was performed to disrupt SABR-induced pericardial adhesions in the inferior wall. The epicardial EAM performed with the open-irrigated catheter recorded LAVAs in the infero-posterior wall of the left ventricle, corresponding to the SABR-disrupted pericardial adhesions. A RF current was delivered, targeting LAVAs at this site (Figure 1, Panel B: the central green dot corresponds to the area of disrupted pericardial adhesions). At the end of the procedure, no sustained VT was induced by programmed ventricular stimulation. Conclusion SABR constitutes a novel and promising non-invasive radioablative treatment of VT, potentially associated with cardiac toxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of combined epicardial and endocardial RFCA of recurrent VT after SABR. Based on the first RFCA report and exclusion of CAD progression, we hypothesized that SABR might have favoured progression of the inferior low voltage area. With this case report, we would like to demonstrate that even if pericardial adhesions could be a consequence of SABR, gentle catheter-driven manoeuvres can be enough to disrupt the adhesions and to achieve full EAM. Further research is mandatory to shed light on SABR's long-term arrhythmogenic role.

AbstractThe environmental sustainability of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica cultivation for total fatty acid (TFA) production was analyzed using life cycle assessment (LCA). Pilot data provided by the plant operator from cultivation in Italy using Green Wall Panel (GWP®) photobioreactors were upscaled to a 20-ha production process, and an LCA was conducted and assessed for the Italian regions of Tuscany and Sicily. Two additional scenarios were modelled to analyze the influence of more sustainable framework conditions, respectively nutrient recycling and renewable energy supply. The results show that environmental impacts per functional unit are around 15% less at the site with optimal growth conditions. Between 60 and 80% of the impacts are due to the energy demand during plant operation, infrastructure, and nutrient demand. Nutrient recycling and the gain of an energy credit from the separated biocrude with the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process reduce the environmental impacts in all six International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) impact categories by an average of 11% compared to a scenario without nutrient recycling. The additional consideration of a renewable energy supply allows for an average reduction of 36% and together with the nutrient recycling of an average of 45% for the global warming potential (GWP) and most of the other impact categories.

<p>The technology transfer for rural livelihood development had greater impact to protect microclimatic conditions which further affects the microflora and microbial activities to larger extent in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). The technological interventions were made by the Himalayan Research Group organization which helped in economic upliftment of rural poor, women empowerment and in environment protection in hill region. The major activities are Passive Solar Retrofitting (namely, Thermosyphoning Air heat Panel (TAP), Trombe Wall (TW), and Sun Spaces (SS)) fodder development, vermicompost biotechnology, button mushroom cultivation and protected cultivation for climate change mitigation and adaptations. The solar retrofits reduced estimated 4.97 tones carbon emission per household during six winter months which helped in reducing the fuel wood consumption. Improved varieties of different fodder spp. were introduced for year round green fodder availability and reduce soil erosion and reduction in tree lopping. Fodder choppers and silage preparation was popularized to contain the fodder wastage. Vermicompost biotechnology was popularized among farmers to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers for improving the quality of soil. The button mushroom cultivation was used for conversion of agriculture residue into compost making by reducing crop residue burning which increases carbon emission. Protected cultivation in local made polyhouse was popularized to generate maximum returns from small piece of land through cut flower and vegetable cultivation and by raising plant nurseries.&nbsp;</p>

Tilt-up construction was effectively enabled on a wide scale in 1979, when the ACI committee 551 report on Tilt-up construction was published, the Recommended Tilt-Up Wall Design, aka, the Yellow Book and the subsequent ACI-SEASC Task, aka the Green Book, and another Tilt-up design and construction manual developed by the ACI in 1988. The Tilt-up Concrete Association was created in 1986 by a group of industry professionals who had the need of an organization dedicated to the industry. ACI 551 maintains a document outlining the standard practice for contemporary Tilt-up design and construction. The ACI 551 document does not consider walls reinforced with non-ferrous reinforcement. However, recent events have made glass fiber-reinforced polymer rebar a more economical option when compared to traditional steel reinforcement. This white paper is intended to provide the unfamiliar engineer a bridge between the ACI 318, ACI 551 and ACI 440 documents to engineer a tilt-up wall including differences between GFRP reinforcement and steel reinforcement with respect to design. Steel, is an isotropic ductile metal extensively used in construction, mechanical, and electronic devices. Steel is often designed as elastic-perfectly plastic where it has an elastic modulus of 29,000ksi and yield stress of 60ksi. GFRP reinforcement is considered brittle-elastic with an elastic modulus often between 6,000ksi – 8750ksi and guaranteed ultimate tensile strength between 90-150ksi. Figure 1 presents an example of the design-assumed uniaxial stress versus strain comparing traditional steel and GFRP. While GFRP reinforcement has different physical and mechanical properties the differences and behaviors are well understood by the engineering community. There are ASTM material standards for GFRP bars, namely ASTM D7957 and a complete suite of ASTM test method by which the basic properties are verified. The following sections will illustrate the differences between steel and GFRP reinforced concrete members with a focus on slender tilt-up wall panels.

Abstract S1.2 Emerging and Expanding Endemic Mycoses, September 21, 2022, 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM There is a broad spectrum of fungal infections involving companion, zootechnical and wild animals. Some fungi are distributed worldwide and act as opportunistic pathogens. Others, such as the dimorphic fungi Blastomyces dermatitidis and Sporothrix brasiliensis, are primary pathogens with a more defined geographical distribution. Dermatophytes cause less severe diseases limited to the skin. However, they are relevant since they are widely diffused. Moreover, some dermatophytes are transmitted from animals to humans; therefore, these infections represent a public health problem. In recent years, opportunistic fungal infections (e.g., Aspergillosis, Candidiosis, Cryptococcosis) in human medicine have increased. The main reason is the rise of people with immunosuppression of various origins (AIDS, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapies in organ transplant) (Kozel and Wickes, 2014. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 4: a019299). Moreover, the spectrum of fungi causing infections is expanding, which constitutes an identification challenge for even the most experienced mycologists. To achieve an even earlier and more precise diagnosis, new methods for the detection of fungal elements in tissue samples (e.g., PCR based techniques, serological tests) and fungal identification (e.g., matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight analyzer technology) are now available in adjunction to traditional methods (microscopic examination of clinical samples, histopathology, and culture). Cases of opportunistic deep mycosis are more rarely reported in animals because the situations leading to immunosuppression in human patients are not mirrored in veterinary medicine. However, there is an increasing interest in these cases involving animals. Thus, new diagnostic procedures are being applied more and more to animal infections (Elad and Segal, 2018. Front Microbiol, 9:1303). Direct microscopy retains its importance as a quick and inexpensive tool to ‘intercept’ a fungal infection. It also allows observing the cellular population involved in the immune response and finding other pathogens. It is helpful to interpret the results of more advanced tests (culture, PCR). The sensitivity of microscopic exams varies with the individual agent, source and quality of the specimen, and the skills and experience of the laboratorian. Diagnosis of invasive fungal infection by direct microscopy and histopathology may require the use of biopsies of deep tissues, which may pose a risk for the patient. Often it does not allow fungal identification. Fungal culture can yield the specific etiological agent if positive, which allows antifungal susceptibility testing (AST). It may take many days to achieve a result. Identification of less common fungi requires a high level of expertise and equipment. A widely employed identification method is PCR + sequencing of the ITS region (other DNA regions used are: LSU, SSU, β-Tubulin, and Calmodulin). Data generated from an unknown fungus can be used to search public databases, such as GenBank, using the web-based BLASTn algorithm. Database searches must be performed with caution owing to the public nature of the database and the high frequency of erroneous deposits. The suggestion is to employ verified, published, recent sequences. The most popular non-nucleic acid sequence-based molecular diagnostic assay for fungi is Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The technique generates spectra that are screened against a library of reference spectra, which correspond to individual species. The strength of MALDI-TOF technology lies in the rapid sample analysis (minutes) and the absence of any downstream data manipulation. Weaknesses of this system include the need for an existing library to compare generated spectra to and potential variability in results of unknown fungi if they are not grown under conditions similar to reference spectra. Thanks to the improvement of the identification methods in veterinary medicine, it has been possible to describe new cryptic species responsible for specific diseases, e.g., the species included in the Aspergillus viridinutans complex, agents of the sino-orbital Aspergillosis in cats) (Talbot and Barrs, 2017. Med Mycol, 56 [1]: 1:12). Another example is represented by the recently described dermatophyte species within the T. benhamiae-complex (Čmoková et al. 2020, Fungal Diver, 104 [1]: 333-387; Peano et al. 2022, Vet Dermatol, Online ahead of print). PCR-based methods targeting specific fungi are now used to detect several fungal pathogens directly from clinical samples. Real-time PCR uses fluorescent dyes to enhance specificity through either a nonspecific DNA binding dye, SYBR green, or a specific fluorescently labeled probe directed to a target sequence. Since one (or more, in the case of multiplex PCR) specific pathogen is targeted, it is possible to work on ‘contaminated’ samples. These techniques are very ‘clinical-friendly’ since they are presented as ‘panels’ (e.g., PCR panel for ‘seizure episodes in cats’ to detect the main agents responsible for neurologic infections, Cryptococcus, Toxoplasma, Neospora). The use of serological tests (e.g., the search for wall fungal components, such Beta-Glucan) may be a precious tool to diagnose and monitor the therapy response in a variety of diseases (e.g., disseminated Aspergillosis in dogs; avian Aspergillosis) (Burco et al., 2012. Avian Dis, 56 [1]: 183-191). New diagnostic tools likely will reveal animal infection cases that the traditional methods would have missed.