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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Great Britain – Colonies – Canada »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Great Britain – Colonies – Canada"

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Baines, Stephen Grant. « Social anthropology with indigenous peoples in Brazil, Canada and Australia : a comparative approach ». Vibrant : Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 9, n^o 1 (juin 2012) : 209–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412012000100008.

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Starting from the notion of "styles of anthropology" used by Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira in his research in the 1990s, which examined "peripheral anthropologies" in countries where anthropology was implanted later, outside the central countries - USA, Great Britain and France - where it emerged and had consolidated as an academic discipline, this article looks at the styles of anthropology with indigenous peoples which have developed in Brazil, Canada and Australia, ex-colonies of European countries. With very different histories and cultures, the styles of anthropology within the context of these national States which expanded over indigenous territories are examined, and the ways in which these histories and contexts reflect on what is being done today in field research with indigenous peoples. Some of the tensions which emerge between working within an academic discipline that aims to be international and universal while the national contexts are local are examined.

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Morris, Caroline. « Book Review : The Constitution of Independence ». Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 36, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2005) : 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v36i3.5612.

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This article is a book review of Peter C Oliver The Constitution of Independence: The Development of Constitutional Theory in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005) (367 + xx pages). The book is a contribution to the area of domestic constitutional law of the Commonwealth. Oliver addresses the question: are the former colonies of Britain ever truly independent, or is that independence illusory? He also asks how such colonies seek to understand and explain their constitutional history. Morris argues that the book had a great deal of potential but has been left unrealised. As a legal historiography, the book does not always satisfactorily explain how people involved in creating that legal history (or in analysing it since) understand it. As an exercise in constitutional theory, the book merely suggests that there is nothing much to choose between theories as a matter of logic. The book also suffers from very dense prose and a number of distracting metaphors for the process of constitutional independence. Morris ultimately concludes that the book fails to provide useful insight into New Zealand's constitutional theory.

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Dwyer, Melva J. « Art book publishing in Canada ». Art Libraries Journal 17, n^o 3 (1992) : 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030747220000794x.

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Canadian publishing was inhibited from the beginning by Canada’s colonial origins and dependence on Great Britain and the USA. Few art books were published until quite recently; the relatively small, scattered population, the flooding of the market with British, American and (in Quebec) French books, and limited (at best) or non-existent sales outside Canada continue to be constraining factors. The necessity to include both English and French texts adds to the cost of book production in Canada. The publication of art books, and of exhibition catalogues, depends on the availability of government grants. Publications on the art of the North American Indian and Inuit peoples are an exception, attracting widespread interest and leading in some instances to co-publishing initiatives. In addition to the larger publishing houses, a number of small presses produce occasional art books, thanks to grants and in a few cases with the added benefit of sales abroad achieved through international networking. A government programme of support for Canadian publishing, launched in 1986, is continuing.

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McCulloch, Michael Ernest. « The Defeat of Imperial Urbanism in Québec City, 1840–1855 ». Articles 22, n^o 1 (28 juin 2013) : 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016719ar.

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In 1840, the City of Québec regained formal corporate status under an ordinance of the Special Council of Lower Canada. This article argues that the ordinance expressed a particular concept or urbanism. Based on concept of the role of cities developed in Great Britain during the Age of Reform, it sought to create non-partisan municipal structures that would encourage local development and 'improvement' while at the same time ensuring the dominance of the anglophone commercial elites. In this, the ordinance expressed in local terms the grand objectives of Governor Charles Poulett Thomson (Lord Sydenham) for the entire colony. Ultimately, this imperial urbanism was a failure. While the essential structure of municipal governance remained intact until 1855, local issues became immediately entangled in provincial party politics. Major business leaders were replaced by professional and small retailers as the dominant group on the City Council. The very ethos of improvement ensured that the under-financed city government became dwarfed by other agencies, such as the banks, the Gas Company and of course railroads. The case of Québec City in the first years of the Union illustrates the failure of attempts to transplant Utilitarian approaches to state formation into a colonial context.

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Abraham, Christiana. « Toppled Monuments and Black Lives Matter : Race, Gender, and Decolonization in the Public Space. An Interview with Charmaine A. Nelson ». Atlantis 42, n^o 1 (30 septembre 2021) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1082012ar.

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This paper discusses the recent backlash against public monuments spurred by Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests in North America and elsewhere following the killing by police of George Floyd, an unarmed African-American man in the United States. Since this event, protestors have taken to the streets to bring attention to police brutality, systemic racism, and racial injustice faced by Black and Indigenous people and people of colour in the United States, Canada, Great Britain and some European countries. In many of these protests, outraged citizens have torn down, toppled, or defaced monuments of well-known historic figures associated with colonialism, slavery, racism, and imperialism. Protestors have been demanding the removal of statues and monuments that symbolize slavery, colonial power, and systemic and historical racism. What makes these monuments problematic and what drives these deliberate and spectacular acts of defiance against these omnipresent monuments? Featuring an interview with art historian Charmaine A. Nelson, this article explores the meanings of these forceful, decolonial articulations at this moment. The interview addresses some complex questions related to monumentalization and the public sphere, symbolism and racial in/justice. In so doing, it suggests that monuments of the future need to be reimagined and redefined contemporaneously with shifting social knowledge and generational change.

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Suzdaltsev, Ilya. « Assessments by modern English-speaking historians of the policy of the Comintern in Africa ». Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva : istoriia i sovremennost, n^o 5 (2022) : 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080020061-4.

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The article analyzes the modern English-language historiography of the policy of the Communist International towards the African region. The choice of English-speaking countries is due to the fact that a significant number of studies devoted both directly to the activities of the Comintern in relation to Africa and the activities of its African sections are published in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, South Africa and India. The relevance of this topic is caused both by the opening of new funds of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI), which, among other things, affect the activities of African communist parties, and the opportunity that arose in connection with this to rethink some issues, including those related to the policy of these communist parties: what was the influence of the Comintern on their tactics; what was the nature of this influence; what role in the policy of the Comintern was occupied by the national and colonial questions and what are the results of their implementation. It is stated that the traditionalist approach to the analysis of the activities of the Comintern and its national sections, which took shape before and during the Cold War, is still significantly represented in English-language historiography. However, the final approval of the new approach (“revisionist”) contributed to a certain revision of existing trends: the article contains assessments of both negative and positive influence of the Comintern on individual communist parties, on the political situation in a country or region.

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Mellor, Wally. « The Spectrum in Canada and Great Britain ». Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & ; Dance 63, n^o 1 (janvier 1992) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1992.10604088.

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Kirby, J. S., W. G. Haines et G. E. Austin. « Translocation of Canada Geesebranta canadensisin great Britain ». Ringing & ; Migration 19, n^o 4 (novembre 1999) : 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03078698.1999.9674191.

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Чикалова, И. Р. « Pavel Grigorievich Mizhuev in the Communicative Space of N. I. Kareev ». Диалог со временем, n^o 78(78) (24 avril 2022) : 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.78.78.007.

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Автор реконструирует коммуникативные связи между двумя историками – Павлом Григорьевичем Мижуевым и Николаем Ивановичем Кареевым. Мижуев, ученый второго ряда на фоне мэтра, не являвшийся полноправным членом профессиональной корпорации дореволюционных историков, вошел в нее в качестве преподавателя трех факультетов Петроградского университета после Революции. Мижуев был последователем умеренно-либеральной и позитивистской школы Кареева, еще в дореволюционный период создавший цельную картину разных сторон жизни Великобритании и доминионов в их исторической динамике, колониальной политики Англии, издавший первую в России историю США, Канады, Австралии и Новой Зеландии. И хотя имя Мижуева не появляется в воспоминаниях Кареева, он, хоть и скромно, но присутствовал в его коммуникативном пространстве, например, приняв участие в проектах, которые курировал Кареев, – в серии книг «История Европы по эпохам и странам в Средние века и Новое время», в «Новом энциклопедическом словаре» Брокгауза и Ефрона, а также публикуясь с ним в одних изданиях и работая в течение пяти лет на одной кафедре и факультете. The author reconstructs the communication links between two historians – Pavel Grigori-evich Mizuev and Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev. Mizhuev, a second-tier scientist against the background of the master, who was not a full-fledged member of the professional corporation of pre-revolutionary historians, entered it as a teacher in three faculties of Petrograd University after the Revolution. Mizhuev was a follower of the moderately liberal and positivist school of Kareev, who back in the pre-revolutionary period created an integral picture of different aspects of the life of Great Britain and the dominions in their historical dynamics, the colonial policy of England, and published the first history of the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand in Russia. And although the name of Mizuev does not appear in Kareev's memoirs, he, albeit modestly, was present in his communicative space, for example, taking part in projects supervised by Kareev, in the series of books «History of Europe by Era and Countries in the Middle Ages and New time» in the «New Encyclopedic Dictionary» of Brockhaus and Efron, as well as publishing with him in the same editions and working for five years at the same department and faculty.

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Upchurch, Anna. « Linking cultural policy from Great Britain to Canada ». International Journal of Cultural Policy 13, n^o 3 (août 2007) : 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286630701556407.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Great Britain – Colonies – Canada"

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Gollannek, Eric Frederick. « "Empire follows art" exchange and the sensory worlds of Empire in Britain and its colonies, 1740-1775 / ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 427 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1625773591&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Babij, Orest. « The making of Imperial Defence policy in Britain, 1926-1934 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fb422556-884e-4d47-9705-92d9ff36181d.

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Although the period between 1926 and 1934 was relatively peaceful, Imperial Defence policy-making in Britain focused on threats along the periphery of the Empire. This included a short-lived, but serious concern over Communist expansion in China and Afghanistan and a fear that American naval construction would undermine the Royal Navy's position in the world. The first threat receded by 1928 and the second was met by negotiating the highly successful London Naval Conference of 1930. Throughout these years, the need to reorient the Imperial Defence system to meet a perceived Japanese threat in the Far East, and the Treasury's opposition to the very idea, remained constants within policy-making circles. The world-wide depression led to serious defence cutbacks which the services met largely by cutting back even further on war reserves and mobilization potential. The Japanese assault on Manchuria in 1931, and then in Shanghai in 1932, exposed the inability of the Imperial Defence system to meet a Far Eastern threat. This led to pressure from the navy, in particular, for an increase in service estimates, but the economic situation and the World Disarmament Conference kept the government from agreeing to any significant change in policy. From 1931-193, Imperial Defence concerns were centred on the Far East, but Hitlerâs rise to power in March 1933 turned attention hack toward Europe. Nevertheless, the first large-scale review of Imperial defence deficiencies, the Defence Requirements Sub-Committee, presented a report which balanced the needs of European and Far Eastern defence. In the spring of l934. however, the Cabinet found itself unable to come to a consensus on the DRC's recommendations and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain, stepped forward with his own defence vision. He discounted the need for Far Eastern defence and re-oriented defence policy toward homeland defence. It was his intervention that set the tone for British rearmament in the 1930s.

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Galatas, Steven E. « Political issues and leadership : voting behavior in Canada and Great Britain / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988661.

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Uberoi, Varun. « Multicultural nation-building : a Canadian way to foster unity amongst British citizens ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670077.

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Kelly, Saul Mark Barrett. « Great Britain, the United States and the question of the Italian colonies, 1940-1952 ». Thesis, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283688.

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Jeppesen, Christopher. « Making a career in the British Empire, c. 1900-1960 ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252295.

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Lee, Kit-wai, et 李潔慧. « Power politics in post-colonial narrative ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953591.

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Kruer, Matthew 1981. « Red Albion : Genocide and English Colonialism, 1622-1646 ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10306.

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viii, 170 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This thesis examines the connection between colonialism and violence during the early years of English settlement in North America. I argue that colonization was inherently destructive because the English colonists envisioned a comprehensive transformation of the American landscape that required the elimination ofNative American societies. Two case studies demonstrate the dynamics ofthis process. During the Anglo-Powhatan Wars in Virginia, latent violence within English ideologies of imperialism escalated cont1ict to levels of extreme brutality, but the fracturing ofpower along the frontier limited Virginian war aims to expulsion of the Powhatan Indians and the creation of a segregated society. During the Pequot War in New England, elements of violence in the Puritan worldview became exaggerated by the onset of societal crisis during the Antinomian Controversy. The resulting climate of fear unified the colonies and created an ideological commitment to the genocide of the Pequots.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Jack Maddex, Chair; Dr. Matthew Dennis; Dr. Jeffrey Ostler

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Allpress, Roshan John. « Making philanthropists : entrepreneurs, evangelicals and the growth of philanthropy in the British world, 1756-1840 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab20c0ea-6720-474d-947c-b66f89c37680.

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This thesis traces the development of philanthropy as a tradition and movement within the United Kingdom and the British world, with attention to both the inner lives of philanthropists, and the social networks and organizational practices that underpinned the dramatic growth in philanthropic activity between the late 1750s and 1840. In contrast to studies that see philanthropy as primarily responsive to Britain's shifting public culture and imperial fortunes during the period, it argues that philanthropic change was driven by innovations in the internal culture and structures of intersecting commercial and religious networks, that were adapted to philanthropic purposes by philanthropic entrepreneurs. It frames the growth of philanthropy as both a series of experiments in effecting social change, within the United Kingdom and transnationally, and the fostering of a vocationally formative culture across three generations. Chapter one focuses on John Thornton, a prominent merchant and religious patron, reconstructing his correspondence networks and philanthropic practices, and revealing patterns of philanthropic interaction between mercantile and Evangelical clerical networks. Chapter two uses the reports and minutes of representative metropolitan societies and companies to develop a prosopography of more than 4000 philanthropic directors, mapping their nexus of interconnections in 1760, 1788 and 1800, and arguing for the importance of firstly Russia Company networks and later country banking networks for philanthropy. Chapters three and four offer an extended case study of the 'Clapham Sect' as an example of collective agency, reframing their influence within the philanthropic nexus, and, through a close reading of their published works, showing how as intellectual collaborators they developed a unique conception of 'trust' that informed their activism. Chapter five shows how philanthropists extended their reach transnationally, with case studies in Bengal, Sierra Leone and New Zealand, and chapter six addresses multiple paths by which philanthropy became intertwined with Empire and the globalizing world in the British imagination.

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Murphy, Mahon. « Prisoners of war and civilian internees captured by British and Dominion forces from the German colonies during the First World War ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3072/.

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This thesis discusses the previously unstudied treatment of German civilian internees and prisoners of war taken from the German colonies by British and Dominion authorities during the First World War. Through this study the links between the First World War in the extra-European theatre and the conflict in Europe will be examined. Five key issues are posited for investigation. These are: the centralised internment policy of the British Empire, the effect of the takeover of German colonies on the cultural identity of the British dominions, the effect wartime captivity had on German settlers, what extra-European internment tells us about twentieth century mobility and warfare, and the integration of the extra-European theatre of the war into the overall Global War narrative. The establishment of a global camp system run from the British imperial metropole involved the coordination of the military, the Admiralty, Dominion governments, and the Colonial and Foreign Offices. The general principles of international law were followed but often overridden through the use of reprisals, and the notion of trying Germans for ‘war crimes’ had an impact far into the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The First World War and the internment of German civilians and military prisoners in the extra-European theatre undermined the notion of a common European civilising mission in the colonial world. It upset the established colonial racial hierarchies, and through ‘enemy alien' legislation helped establish European hierarchies of race as defined by nationality, disrupting the pre-war world order of cultural globalisation. Through the analysis of German colonial settlers and soldiers in British internment, this thesis demonstrates that the First World War was not just a conflict between the European Great powers but that it also involved a world-wide remaking of ideas, institutions and geopolitics.

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Livres sur le sujet "Great Britain – Colonies – Canada"

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Lawley, Arthur. Canada and the Empire : Speeches. [Montréal ? : s.n., 1996.

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Britain, Canada and the North Pacific : Maritime enterprise and dominion, 1778-1914. Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain : Ashgate, 2004.

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Treasury, HM. Canada : Return of particulars of the estimate of £108,000 for militia, &c. in Canada ; and of expenses defrayed by Great Britain on account of Canada. [London : HMSO, 2001.

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Office, Great Britain Colonial. Canada corn and flour : Returns respecting corn and flour in Canada. [London : s.n., 2001.

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Heartfield, James. The Aborigines' Protection Society : Humanitarian imperialism in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Canada, South Africa, and the Congo, 1836-1909. New York : Columbia University Press, 2011.

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(Firm), Adam Matthew Digital. Confidential print, North America, 1824-1961 : Canada, The Caribbean and the USA. [Kew?] : Archives Direct, Adam Matthew Digital, 2009.

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1942-, Buckner Phillip A., dir. Canada and the British Empire. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008.

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1942-, Buckner Phillip A., dir. Canada and the British Empire. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008.

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1942-, Buckner Phillip A., dir. Canada and the British Empire. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008.

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1942-, Buckner Phillip A., dir. Canada and the British Empire. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Great Britain – Colonies – Canada"

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Heitlinger, Alena. « National Women’s Policy Machinery : Canada, Australia and Great Britain ». Dans Women’s Equality, Demography and Public Policies, 78–117. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230374782_4.

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Thornton, Martin. « Aftermath : Canada, Great Britain and Developments in International Affairs, 1913–14 ». Dans Churchill, Borden and Anglo-Canadian Naval Relations, 1911–14, 123–36. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137300874_9.

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Page, James, John M. Davis, Michael Whitely, Ariel Stone, Tessa Schaaf et Doe West. « Perspectives on Invasion : Great Britain, Northern Ireland, United States, Canada, and Australia ». Dans International Handbook of War, Torture, and Terrorism, 359–79. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1638-8_24.

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Dickinson, Harry T. « [Phelps], The Rights of the Colonies, and the Extent of the Legislative Authority of Great-Britain ». Dans British Pamphlets on the American Revolution, 1763-1785, 193–216. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113720-5.

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Davis, John M., Jenet Cory, Carol J. Davis, Tristyn Campbell et Michael Whitely. « Perspectives on Torture in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, the United States, Canada, and Australia ». Dans International Handbook of War, Torture, and Terrorism, 551–63. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1638-8_35.

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Mercurio, Andrea, James Page, Alyssa Mendlein, Emily Bales, John Davis, Carol Davis, Michael Whitely et Doe West. « Perspectives on Protest in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Canada, the United States and Australia ». Dans International Handbook of Peace and Reconciliation, 169–82. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5933-0_14.

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Davis, John, Carol Davis, Ariel Stone, James Page, Michael Whitely et Doe West. « Apology and Reconciliation in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Canada, the United States, and Australia ». Dans International Handbook of Peace and Reconciliation, 317–30. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5933-0_24.

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Dickinson, Harry T. « Anon., The Constitutional Right of the Legislature of Great Britain, to Tax the British Colonies in America ». Dans British Pamphlets on the American Revolution, 1763-1785, 69–144. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113720-3.

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Cohen-Almagor, Raphael. « The Work of the Press Councils in Great Britain, Canada, and Israel : a Comparative Appraisal ». Dans Speech, Media and Ethics, 124–51. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230501829_7.

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Bélanger, Jacques. « 2. Job Control under Different Labor Relations Regimes : A Comparison of Canada and Great Britain ». Dans Workplace Industrial Relations and the Global Challenge, sous la direction de Jacques Bélanger, P. K. Edwards et Larry Haiven, 43–69. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501733369-005.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Great Britain – Colonies – Canada"

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Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. « SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE ». Dans THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES : NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.

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English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.

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Креленко, Н. С. « REVOLUTION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF H. WALPOLE ». Dans Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.45.40.012.

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Статья посвящена анализу восприятия Х. Уолполом конфликта между Великобританией и североамериканскими колониями. Х. Уолпол был близким к придворным кругам членом парла-мента, видным интеллектуалом. Его отношение к происходившим событиям отражены в письмах, которые он писал своим единомышленникам и знакомым. Содержание писем позволяет просле-дить, как менялись взгляды и настроения их автора, как корректировалась вигская система ценно-стей по мере изменения политической ситуации. The article is devoted to the analysis of H. Walpole's perception of the conflict between Great Britain and the North American colonies. H. Walpole was a member of parliament close to court circles and a prominent intellectual. His attitude to the events that took place are reflected in the letters that he wrote to his associates and acquaintances. The content of the letters allows us to trace how the views and moods of their author were changing, how the Whig system of values was corrected as the political situation changed.

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Apkin, Renat N. « Cartographic Analysis of the Radon Situation in the Environment ». Dans World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/03.

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According to UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations), no less than 10% of lung cancer diseases registered annually are caused by radon radiation. Born in the belly of the earth, the same gas, a class I cancirogen, increases the risk of non-cancerous diseases of the upper respiratory tract and cardiovascular diseases. The radon problem occupies an important place in the radioecological programs of the USA, Japan, Western Europe and Russia. However, the natural radiation varies in the background from location to location. In many countries, survey work is being carried out, including an assessment of the intensity of the radon hazards of sites allocated for construction. In Russia, the Radiation Safety Standards are stipulating that the concentration of radon in the air of residential premises should not exceed 200 Bq/m3; in Sweden, the maximum radon concentration is taken as 100 Bq/m3, in Finland and Canada - 400 Bq/m3, and in Germany and Great Britain - 200 Bq/m3. It is necessary to carefully choose the constructive site, with the minimum concentration of radon in the soil. Our purpose is to carry out a cartographic analysis of radon intake from soil in the territory of Kazan. An important component is the creation of unique maps based on the measurement of radon escalation. The practical significance of the work lies in the application of the results for making management decisions, in engineering and environmental surveys, for conducting hygienic assessments, or simply being used by citizens for informational purposes.

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Campos, João. « The superb Brazilian Fortresses of Macapá and Príncipe da Beira ». Dans FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia : Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11520.

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During the eighteenth century Portugal developed a large military construction process in the Ultramarine possessions, in order to compete with the new born colonial trading empires, mainly Great Britain, Netherlands and France. The Portuguese colonial seashores of the Atlantic Ocean (since the middle of the sixteenth century) and of the Indian Ocean (from the end of the first quarter of the seventeenth century) were repeatedly coveted, and the huge Portuguese colony of Brazil was also harassed in the south during the eighteenth century –here due to problems in a diplomatic and military dispute with Spain, related with the global frontiers’ design of the Iberian colonies. The Treaty of Madrid (1750) had specifically abrogated the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) between Portugal and Spain, and the limits of Brazil began to be defined on the field. Macapá is situated in the western branch of Amazonas delta, in the singular cross-point of the Equator with Tordesillas Meridian, and the construction of a big fortress began in the year of 1764 under direction of Enrico Antonio Galluzzi, an Italian engineer contracted by Portuguese administration to the Commission of Delimitation, which arrived in Brazil in 1753. In consequence of the political panorama in Europe after the Seven Years War (1756-1763), a new agreement between Portugal and Spain was negotiated (after the regional conflict in South America), achieved to the Treaty of San Idefonso (1777), which warranted the integration of the Amazonas basin. It was strategic the decision to build, one year before, the huge fortress of Príncipe da Beira, arduously realized in the most interior of the sub-continent, 2000 km from the sea throughout the only possible connection by rivers navigation. Domingos Sambucetti, another Italian engineer, was the designer and conductor of the jobs held on the right bank of Guaporé River, future frontier’s line with Bolivia. São José de Macapá and Príncipe da Beira are two big fortresses Vauban’ style, built under very similar projects by two Italian engineers (each one dead with malaria in the course of building), with the observance of the most exigent rules of the treaties of military architecture.

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Yue, Wang, Zhan Lechang, Ma Wenjuan, Zhang Yongxin et Ma Li. « Research on Approval of Domestic and International Transport Container Application of Radioactive Material ». Dans 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66279.

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Due to the potentially dangerous properties of radioactive material, it is during the transport that the process of nuclear energy and technology uses are prone to nuclear and radiation accidents. Radioactive material hence must be transported with reasonable containers to achieve heat dissipation, confinement of radioactive material, radiation shielding and prevention of nuclear criticality. The key to transport safety lies in the designing and manufacturing quality of the transport containers. Therefore, the safety supervision for transport containers of radioactive material is a guarantee for the environment and the public from nuclear and radiation hazards, also is international general practice. As the most authoritative international organization, International Atomic Energy Agenda (IAEA) draws up and regularly revises safety regulation ‘Regulation for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material’, which proposes technical indicators for transport containers of radioactive material and responsibility of competent authorities. According to the transport modes, other international organizations, such as International Maritime Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Air Transport Association, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, enacted related transport safety regulations based on actual needs. This paper introduces the administrative licensing approval process for the transport containers of radioactive material in China and the research on competent authority and approval procedure in American, Russia, France, Canada, Germany and Great Britain. In China, National Nuclear Safe Administration (NNSA) is responsible for the licensing approval for the transport containers of radioactive material, including designing, manufacturing, using and transporting of transport containers. NNSA also organizes and formulates relevant administrative regulations and approval procedures, and has issued administrative regulation ‘Regulation on the Safe Management for the Transport of Radioactive Material’ and a series of administrative rules, management procedures, guide, technical documents and so on. These regulations established the sort management of radioactive materials and the responsibility for competent authority, and also stipulated approval and supervision for transport and transport containers of radioactive materials. While some other countries, such as America, certifies the transport containers of radioactive material to achieve the control. The domestic and overseas research into administrative licensing approval processes for transport containers is in view of the increasing transport of radioactive material among countries and the requirement of international transport. Transport containers with material of high potential risk, such as spent fuel, need to obtain the transport approval from the competent authority of transit or arrival country. Therefore, the research on domestic and other countries licensing management of transport containers of radioactive material, which is not only beneficial to improving the transport safety management of radioactive material in China, but also can promote international transport campaigns of radioactive material..

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Great Britain – Colonies – Canada"

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Zhytaryuk, Maryan. UKRAINIAN JOURNALISM IN GREAT BRITAIN. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11115.

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Professor M. Zhytaryuk’s review is about a book scientific novelty – a monograph by Professor M. Tymoshyk «Ukrainian journalism in the diaspora: Great Britain. Monograph. K.: Our culture and science, 2020. 500 p. – il., Them. pok., resume English, German, Polish.». Well-known scientist and journalism critic, Professor M. S. Tymoshyk, wrote a thorough work, which, in terms of content, is a combination of a monograph, a textbook and a scientific essay. This book can be useful for both students and practicing journalists or anyone interested in the history of the Ukrainian diaspora, Ukrainian journalism and Ukrainian culture. The author dedicated his work to Stepan Yarmus from Winnipeg, Canada – archpriest, journalist, editor, professor. As the epigraph to the book were taken the words of Ivan Bagryany: «Our press, born under the sword of Damocles of repatriation», not only survived and survived to this day, but also showed a brilliant ability to grow and develop. It was shown that beggars that had come to the West without money at heart can and know how to act so organized. It was also an example of how a modern «enbolshevist» and «denationalized» by the occupier man person is capable of a combined mass action».

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