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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Gray literature »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Gray literature"

O., M., et B. E. B. « Gray Literature : [Introduction] ». Public Historian 15, n^o 2 (1993) : 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3377947.

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Bichteler, Julie. « Geologists and Gray Literature ». Science & ; Technology Libraries 11, n^o 3 (14 mai 1991) : 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v11n03_04.

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Wilbur, Robert L. « Gray Literature : A Professional Dilemma ». Fisheries 15, n^o 5 (septembre 1990) : 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1990)015<0002:glapd>2.0.co;2.

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Kennedy, Mary Lynn. « Thoughts on Gray Literature Review ». Public Historian 16, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1994) : 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3378576.

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Corlett, Richard T. « Trouble with the Gray Literature ». Biotropica 43, n^o 1 (19 novembre 2010) : 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00714.x.

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Johnson, Peggy. « Information Sources in Gray Literature ». Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services 24, n^o 4 (décembre 2000) : 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-9055(00)00169-x.

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Johnson, Peggy. « Information Sources in Gray Literature ». Library Collections, Acquisitions, & ; Technical Services 24, n^o 4 (décembre 2000) : 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649055.2000.10765732.

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Kai-cheung, Dung. « Gray ». World Literature Today 89, n^o 6 (2015) : 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2015.0007.

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Kresh, David. « Gray ». Chicago Review 35, n^o 2 (1985) : 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305336.

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Dung Kai-cheung et Bonnie S. McDougall. « Gray ». World Literature Today 89, n^o 6 (2015) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.89.6.0014.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Gray literature"

Luck, Jessica Lewis. « Gray matters contemporary poetry and the poetics of cognition / ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215175.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of English, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: A, page: 1339. Adviser: Paul John Eakin. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed March 22, 2007)."

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Quinn, Richard Vincent. « A new approach to the writings of Thomas Gray ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264306.

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Böhnke, Dietmar. « Shades of Gray : Science Fiction, History and the Problem of Postmodernism in the Work of Alasdair Gray ». Galda und Wilch, 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32037.

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Ruehl, Hannah T. « UNDERSTANDING THE GRAY : AGING WOMEN IN VICTORIAN CULTURE AND FICTION ». UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/80.

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My dissertation, Understanding the Gray:Aging Women in Victorian Culture and Fiction, explores the cultural construction of aging for middle-class Victorian women and how aging was experienced and then depicted within novels. Chiefly, I work from midcentury to the end of the century in order to understand the experience of aging and ways women were ascribed age due to their position in society as spinsters, mothers, and progressive women. I explore how the age of fictional women reflects and contributes to critical debates concerning how Victorian women were expected to behave. Debates over separate spheres, how women were perceived in British society, and how women’s rights changed during the 19th century highlight how aging affected women and how they were treated throughout the century. Victorian fiction illustrates the ways women achieved different roles in society and how age and the perception of age affected their ability to do so. Understanding how aging was experienced, understood, and ascribed to Victorian women who fought in various ways for new terms of citizenship and mobility helps us begin to trace how we treat and respond to aging in women today. The first chapter outlines the social status of unmarried women and spinsters, considering how age affected women’s ability to lead professional lives in Charlotte Brontë’s Villette (1853). The second chapter, on George Eliot’s Felix Holt: The Radical, explores older motherhood through Mrs Transome and illustrates how the novel seeks to teach younger women of the pitfalls of unequal marriages. The third chapter builds a cultural understanding of how aging was linked to progressive, anti-domestic womanhood and racial impurity through the New Woman and in H.R. Haggard’s She.

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Rezende, Sabrina Mesquita de. « O entre-fronteiras decadentista de Drácula e O retrato de Dorian Gray ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7880.

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This research entitled: “The decadentist crossborders of Dracula and The Picture of Dorian Gray” presents an analysis on the intrinsic relationship between Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), and Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), aiming at showing how the novel Dracula, considered an example of Victorian Gothic Literature, can be read as a representative of English Decadentism due to the dialogue established with The Picture of Dorian Gray. This dialogue can be seen through the acceptance of the faustic pact, an action that promotes situations similar to the ones created by the artificial experimentations engendered by Decadentism, since that decadent beings act attracted by sadistic and diabolic incursions (LEVIN, 1996, p.36). Thus, the intensification of the cult to the body as a mechanism to the fulfillment of art and pleasure in the universe of sensations promotes the corporeal learning of absolute knowledge as it happened to Faust. The artificialization of the decadent and vampiric body in search of sensations is fulfilled by the corporeal fluids: blood and sêmen. Liquids that possess useful functions in society. However, these valuable elements in decadent hands become instruments of joy. Thus, blood and sêmen can be propagator of life and death. Therefore they are fluids that become instruments to the joy of the monster, promoting in this way, the discovery of a new artificial universe of experiences. Thus, this research aims at proving through the decadent aesthetics, the reminiscences of the aesthete Dorian Gray in Stokers’s vampire, a supernatural vampire that artificializes his/her body, transforming it in a locus of art and pleasure.
A presente pesquisa intitulada: “O entre-fronteiras decadentista de Drácula e O retrato de Dorian Gray” apresenta uma análise sobre a relação intrínseca entre Drácula (1897), de Bram Stoker e O retrato de Dorian Gray (1891), de Oscar Wilde visa mostrar como o romance Drácula, considerado um exemplo da literatura gótica vitoriana pode ser lido como um representante do Decadentismo inglês em virtude do diálogo nele estabelecido com a obra O Retrato de Dorian Gray. Este diálogo pode ser vislumbrado através da contratação do pacto fáustico, ação que promove situações semelhantes às criadas pelas experimentações artificiais engendradas pelo Decadentismo, pois, os seres decadentes agem atraídos por incursões sadistas e diabólicas (LEVIN, 1996, p.36). Por conseguinte, a intensificação do culto ao corpo como mecanismo de realização de arte e prazer no universo de sensações promove a aprendizagem corporal do conhecimento absoluto assim como ocorreu com Fausto. A artificialização do corpo decadente e vampírico em busca de sensações é concretizada pelos fluídos corporais: sangue e sêmen. Líquidos que possuem a função utilitária na sociedade. Entretanto, esses mesmos elementos tão caros em mãos decadentes transformam-se em veículos de gozo. Assim sangue e sêmen podem ser tanto propagadores da vida quanto da morte. Portanto são fluídos que instrumentalizam o gozo do monstro, promovendo então, a descoberta de um novo universo artificial de experimentações. Assim, a presente pesquisa visa comprovar por meio da estética decadente, as reminiscências do esteta Dorian Gray no vampiro de Stoker, uma criatura sobrenatural que artificializa o próprio corpo, transformando-o em lócus de arte e de prazer.

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Edsman, Martina. « The Immortal Life and Immoral Values of Dorian Gray : A Study of Immortality and Immoral Behavior in The Picture of Dorian Gray ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26195.

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This essay aims to examine how immortality and immoral behavior are represented in The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. The claim in this essay is that an immortal life is not a desirable life and that it traps you in a paradoxical existence that cannot be desirable. The method used in this essay is close reading of the narrative focusing on the protagonist Dorian Gray examined through two theories, ‘The Makropulos case’ and the subsequent analysis regarding contingent and categorical desires introduced by Bernard Williams as well as a theory focusing on endless frustration by Aaron Smuts that evolved through critiquing Williams’ theory on contingent and categorical desires. By analyzing Dorian Gray’s behavior and comparing his choices to the theories presented by Williams and Smuts the results are unanimous and support the claim that an immortal life is undesirable. Dorian Gray ended up confined to a life without meaning as he left everything that held meaning to him behind in his pursuit of pleasure and youth.

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Whiteford, Eilidh MacLeod. « Political histories, politicised spaces : discourses of power in the fiction of Alasdair Gray ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2054/.

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Critical assessments of Alasdair Gray's work make frequent mention of his postmodern literary strategies and his active engagement with political issues. However, Gray himself is quick to refute claims that he is a postmodern writer, and, although his books are often described as 'political', detailed attention has yet to be paid to the kind of politics Gray espouses. By examining key ideological strands in a range of Alasdair Gray's prose writings (including texts that have attracted little critical interest) and by exploring their central, sometimes unresolved, tensions, this thesis investigates the relationship between literary and political discourses in Gray's work. Attempting to chart the range and extent of Gray's engagement with contemporary issues of political and cultural debate, the five chapters of the thesis demonstrate that Gray's literary techniques are intimately connected to his thematic and political concerns. The thesis draws on a range of critical approaches to address Gray's work, using aspects of post-structuralist, feminist, and postcolonial theories. The first chapter examines autobiographical and semi-autobiographical texts by Gray, opening discussion about his approaches to narrative construction and historiography. It argues that Gray's texts draw attention to their own narrative paradigms and underlying ideological assumptions, and suggests that Gray's destabilization of conventional Western epistemological frameworks unsettles empirical conceptions of human subjectivity and identity, challenging the terms in which personal and national identities can be secured. The discussion of Gray's self-conscious destabilization of categories of identity underlies the questions raised in subsequent chapters. The second chapter highlights Gray's treatment of the hegemonic discourses of imperialism and capitalism. Focusing on his polemical essays and short fiction; the chapter examines the role of literature in imperial processes, the complexities of Scotland's position within imperial discourses, and explores questions of cultural agency and resistance.

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Davidson, Amanda Anne. « Uncertainty in Postmodern literature : with special reference to the novels of Alasdair Gray and Salman Rushdie ». Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28820.

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This thesis is a selective study of Postmodern literature, focusing on the work of Alasdair Gray and Salman Rushdie. Postmodern literature is an expression of and response to the profound uncertainty that characterises the late-twentieth century. The works of many diverse authors attempt to come to terms with the Postmodern situation, which Jürgen Habermas has described as `the legitimation crisis'. The Enlightenment metanarratives that legitimise Western, industrial societies, have been undermined by Capitalism and events. We no longer accept general metanarratives and this generates profound uncertainty. As Postmodern literature challenges the incomplete certainties of grandnarratives, such as religious and political ideologies, it adopts uncertain forms. Texts create series of debates because these dramatise our conflicting uncertainties and our reluctance to accept, set positions, and answers that erroneously claim to be universal and absolute. By presenting issues in conflict without offering a set conclusion, fiction is able to bring its readers actively into the arguments and find a role for itself within society. The uncertainty of the present has contributed to an impression that we have lost a sense of connection with the past and future and therefore continuous identity. Postmodern novels tend to concentrate upon the struggles of the present in order to free the future from both restrictive traditional visions and the paralysing present. The future finally emerges as the direct product of the past and present, but we can also begin to imagine it as something radically different. Postmodern literature does not create new metanarratives, it legitimises a tense and provisional relationship with society that helps peoples to live in an uncertain world while not surrendering to it.

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Thompson, Anna Murell. « 'The Scar Must Remain' : Memory and the First World War in the Ruth Fielding and Beverly Gray Series ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626750.

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Stirling, Kirsten. « The image of the nation as a woman in twentieth century Scottish literature Hugh MacDiarmid, Naomi Mitchison, Alasdair Gray / ». Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1053/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Glasgow, 2001.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Scottish Literature, University of Glasgow, 2001. Includes bibliographical references (p.189-209). Print version also available. Mode of access : World Wide Web. System requirements : Adobe Acrobat reader required to view PDF document.

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Livres sur le sujet "Gray literature"

Julia, Woolf, dir. Gray. Edina, Minn : Magic Wagon, 2011.

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Gunderson, Megan M. Gray whales. Edina, Minn : ABDO Pub. Co., 2011.

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Gray everywhere. Minneapolis : Lerner Publications Co., 2011.

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Gray squirrels. [Kennett Square, Pennsylvania] : Purple Toad Publishing, 2015.

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Bernstein, Stephen. Alasdair Gray. Lewisburg, Pa : Bucknell University Press, 1999.

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Leaf, Christina. Gray squirrels. Minneapolis, MN : Bellwether Media, 2015.

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Sterling, Kristin. Gray everywhere. Minneapolis : Lerner Publications Co., 2011.

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E, Becker John. Gray whales. Farmington Hills, MI : KidHaven Press, 2005.

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Gray wolves. Minneapolis, MN : Bellwether Media, 2015.

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Somervill, Barbara A. Gray squirrel. Ann Arbor, Mich : Cherry Lake Pub., 2008.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Gray literature"

Pittin-Hédon, Marie-Odile. « Literature against Amnesia ». Dans Alasdair Gray, 13–33. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137401786_2.

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Davis, Philip J. « Lessons in the Danish Language and Literature ». Dans Thomas Gray in Copenhagen, 11–18. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4366-1_2.

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Lawlor, Clark. « Meeting Keats in Heaven : David Gray and the Romantic Legacy ». Dans Consumption and Literature, 171–85. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625747_8.

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Schwarz, Thomas. « Yellow Spots in Klaus Modick’s The Gray of the Caroline Islands ». Dans World Literature and the Postcolonial, 181–94. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61785-4_12.

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Cummings, Christopher L., Kaitlin M. Volk, Anna A. Ulanova, Do Thuy Uyen Ha Lam et Pei Rou Ng. « Emerging Biosecurity Threats and Responses : A Review of Published and Gray Literature ». Dans NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C : Environmental Security, 13–36. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2086-9_2.

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AbstractThe field of biotechnology has been rigorously researched and applied to many facets of everyday life. Biotechnology is defined as the process of modifying an organism or a biological system for an intended purpose. Biotechnology applications range from agricultural crop selection to pharmaceutical and genetic processes (Bauer and Gaskell 2002). The definition, however, is evolving with recent scientific advancements. Until World War II, biotechnology was primarily siloed in agricultural biology and chemical engineering. The results of this era included disease-resistant crops, pesticides, and other pest-controlling tools (Verma et al. 2011). After WWII, biotechnology began to shift domains when advanced research on human genetics and DNA started. In 1984, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was formerly proposed, which initiated the pursuit to decode the human genome by the private and academic sectors. The legacy of the project gave rise to ancillary advancements in data sharing and open-source software, and solidified the prominence of “big science;” solidifying capital-intensive large-scale private-public research initiatives that were once primarily under the purview of government-funded programs (Hood and Rowen 2013). After the HGP, the biotechnology industry boomed as a result of dramatic cost reduction to DNA sequencing processes. In 2019 the industry was globally estimated to be worth $449.06 billion and is projected to increase in value (Polaris 2020).

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Engles, Tim. « Ethnicized White Male Nostalgia : Sloan Wilson’s The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit ». Dans White Male Nostalgia in Contemporary North American Literature, 25–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90460-3_2.

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Böhnke, Dietmar. « Gray, Alasdair ». Dans Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_8653-1.

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Henzler, Julia. « Gray, Simon ». Dans Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_8655-1.

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Müller, Wolfgang G. « Gray, Thomas ». Dans Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_8657-1.

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Imhof, Rüdiger, et Dietmar Böhnke. « Gray, Alasdair : Lanark ». Dans Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart : J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_8654-1.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Gray literature"

Melegati, Jorge, Eduardo Guerra, Igor Scaliante Wiese et Xiaofeng Wang. « Generated abstracts : evaluating automatic text summarization for blog posts in gray literature studies ». Dans EASE 2022 : The International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering 2022. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3530019.3535308.

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Mota, Rizângela Souza, et ROSIMERI FERRAZ SABINO. « GRAY LITERATURE NO CAMPO DO SECRETARIADO : TEMAS EMERGENTES SOBRE COMPETÊNCIAS NOS ANAIS DE EVENTOS ». Dans II Congresso Brasileiro On-line de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão. Editora Integrar, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/ii-ensipex/13947.

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James, W. Robert C., Benny C. K. Wan, Erika Ryter et William James. « Modeling of Urban Water Systems : Web and Internet Access to Technical Literature (Refereed and Gray) and to User Experience ». Dans Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)289.

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Zhao, Fengmei. « An Empirical Research of gray Literature Based on Citation Analysis : Taking Journal of Library Science in China as an Example ». Dans 2016 International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Applications. Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccita-16.2016.30.

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Sun, Peng, Yuji Zhou, Jing Ren et Hongde Jiang. « Radiative Models for Hot Gas With Various H2O-CO2 Ratios ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2012 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69057.

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Radiation is the principal mode of heat transfer in many engineering problems, such as in the performance calculation of the gas turbine. Models for gaseous radiative properties have been well-established for air combustion. The weighted-sum-of-gray-gases-model (WSGGM) is the most widely used global model for the computation of the gaseous radiative properties. It is a reasonable compromise between the oversimplified gray gas model and a complete model that takes in account the particular absorption bands. However, the WSGGM coefficients have generally been determined only at the H2O-CO2 ratios of 1 and 2 or other special ratios. In the advanced gas turbines, the H2O-CO2 ratios sometimes fall outside the range of the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases-model parameters reported in the literature. In order to obtain the radiative parameters for various H2O-CO2 ratios, a computer code is developed based on the HITRAN 2008 database. The total emissivity of CO2 and H2O are evaluated under different temperature, pressure and path length utilizing the statistic narrow band (SNB) model. On the basis of the SNB model, the parameters of WSGGM for various H2O-CO2 mixtures are computed with the Flether-Powell technique. Comparisons are executed with the other WSGGM.

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Narumanchi, Sreekant V. J., Jayathi Y. Murthy et Cristina H. Amon. « Simulations of Heat Conduction in Sub-Micron Silicon-on-Insulator Transistors Accounting for Phonon Dispersion and Polarization ». Dans ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42447.

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In recent years, the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) has begun to be used for predicting thermal transport in dielectrics and semicondutors at sub-micron scales. Most studies make a gray assumption and do not account for phonon dispersion or polarization in any detail. In this study, the problem of heat generation in a sub-micron silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistor is addressed. A model, based on the solution to the BTE incorporating full phonon dispersion effects, is presented and used to study the SOI self-heating problem. A structured finite volume approach is used to solve the BTE. The results from the full phonon dispersion model are compared to predictions using the Fourier diffusion equation and also to predictions from the solution to the BTE using a semi-gray model which appears in literature. Significant differences are found between the models and confirm the need for an accounting for phonon dispersion and polarization effects.

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Amon, Cristina H., Jayathi Y. Murthy et Sreekant V. J. Narumanchi. « Modeling Nanoscale Thermal Transport via the Boltzmann Transport Equation ». Dans ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62508.

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In modern microelectronics, where extreme miniaturization has led to feature sizes in the sub-micron and nanoscale range, Fourier diffusion has been found to be inadequate for the prediction of heat conduction. Over the past decade, the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in the relaxation time approximation has been employed to make thermal predictions in dielectrics and semiconductors at micron and nanoscales. This paper presents a review of the BTE-based solution methods widely employed in the literature. Particular attention is given to the problem of self-heating (hotspot) in sub-micron transistors. First, the solution approaches based on the gray formulation of the BTE are presented. In this class of solution methods, phonons are characterized by one single group velocity and relaxation time. Phonon dispersion is not accounted for in any detail. This is the most widely employed approach in the literature. The semi-gray BTE approach, moments of the Boltzmann equation, the lattice Boltzmann approach, and the ballistic-diffusive approximation are presented. Models which incorporate greater details of phonon dispersion are also discussed. This includes a full phonon dispersion model developed recently by the authors. This full phonon dispersion model satisfies energy conservation, incorporates the different phonon modes, and well as the interactions between the different modes, and accounts for the frequency dependence for both the phonon group velocity and relaxation times. Results which illustrate the differences between some of these models reveal the importance of developing models that incorporate substantial details of phonon physics.

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Meydando, Taher, et Nazli Donmezer. « Performance Analysis of Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Models for Thermal Conductivity Calculation ». Dans ASME 2021 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2021-73648.

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Abstract Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been preferred recently to measure the thermal conductivity of thin-films due to its nondestructive and non-contact nature. However, the thermal size effects originating from both localized heat generation from Raman laser and phonon scattering at boundaries may cause erroneous estimation of the thermal conductivities with the current approach. In this study, the gray phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is solved to improve the results of micro-Raman thermal conductivity measurements. Due to the frequency independence of single phonon mode in the gray BTE model, our method stays ahead of most theoretical methods in calculation time while giving adequate agreement with the literature data. The improved thermal conductivities are evaluated at various laser powers and focal lengths. Subsequently, the values of thermal conductivities are compared with a simple slab model in which the deduction of thermal conductivity in sub-micron thicknesses is calculated using reduced heat flux through the slab resulting from phonon directional energy densities. The results show that subsequent errors are present in measuring the thermal conductivity of relatively thick, thin films with this technique which are noticed by comparing with the simple slab model. Finally, a virtual micro-Raman thermography experiment is developed, and its validity is verified by the same slab model.

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Amiri, H., S. H. Mansouri et A. Safavinejad. « Application of Modified Discrete Ordinates Method With the Concept of Blocked-Off Region Method to Radiative Heat Transfer Problems in Irregular Geometries ». Dans ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24651.

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The discrete ordinates method (DOM) for the solution of radiative heat transfer problems have received significant attention and development owing to their good compromise between accuracy, flexibility and moderate computational requirement. However, the DOM suffers from the ray effects related to the discretization of the angular distribution of the radiation intensity. The modified discrete ordinate method (MDOM) proved to significantly mitigate ray effects originated from discontinuities or abrupt changes of the wall temperature. This article presents blocked-off region treatment of irregular geometries using a modified discrete ordinates method in Cartesian coordinates. The Cartesian based 2D algorithm can be used to solve radiative heat transfer in irregular geometries by dividing the region into active and inactive regions. It is easier and convenient way of handling 2D irregular geometries than to write an algorithm in curvilinear coordinates. It is capable of handling participating (absorbing, emitting and isotropic or anisotropic scattering) or non participating gray media enclosed by gray diffuse walls. Both radiative and non-radiative equilibrium situations are considered. The walls of the enclosures can have either heat flux or temperature boundary conditions. Cases with curved and obstacle and radiation shield are considered. Some test problems are considered and results are validated with the available results in the literature. Results are found to be accurate for all kinds of situations.

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Cassol, Fabiano, Rogério Brittes, Francis Henrique Ramos França et Ofodike A. Ezekoye. « Radiative Heat Transfer Modeling Using the CW and SLW Models in Gas Mixtures With Soot ». Dans ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87653.

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This paper presents the computation of radiative heat transfer in a slab filled with a participating medium composed of CO2, H2O, and soot. The HITEMP 2010 spectral database is employed to obtain the necessary parameters for the prediction of radiative transfer in the non-isothermal, homogeneous medium. The spectral integration is performed with the spectral line weighted-sum-of-gray-gases (SLW) and the cumulative wavenumber (CW) models and compared with the line-by-line (LBL) benchmark solution. Since radiation heat transfer can sometimes be the dominant heat transfer mechanism in combustion processes, it is important to understand how the predicted thermochemical state depends on the radiation model for the composition, taking into account the complex dependence of the properties with the spectrum. The contribution of this work is to compare two detailed spectral model that are available in the literature and determine advantages and disadvantages in some practical, illustrative examples.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Gray literature"

Marôco, Ana Lúcia, Sónia Gonçalves et Fernanda Nogueira. Antecedents and consequences of work-family balance : A systematic literature review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0112.

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Review question / Objective: What are the antecedents and consequences of work-family balance? Eligibility criteria: s inclusion criteria it was established that only original peer-reviewed articles would be included, whose: 1) object of study are active workers; 2) concept of family-work relationship under study is effectively the work-family balance (and not only the absence of work-family conflict); 3) language used is English, Spanish and Portuguese. The exclusion criteria for articles/works were: 1) the object of the study is not active workers (such as spouses of workers or other family members such as children, future active workers, unemployed or even retired workers); 2) the concept of work-family relationship used is the conflict work-family and/ or work-family enrichment; 3) in languages other than English, Spanish or Portuguese; 4) designated as gray literature (such as theses, books, book chapters, and conference proceedings,...)

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Dong, Chengda, Hongshuo Shi, Zhaojun Yan et Jianmin Liu. Quality of Evidence Supporting the Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for the Treatment of Anxious Depression : A protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0029.

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Review question / Objective: Population: the participants had anxious depression diagnosed according to any authoritative diagnostic criteria, no restrictions on sex, race, age, onset time, or the source of cases. Intervention: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), including oral and injectable NSAIDs. Comparison: conventional antidepressants. Outcome：effective rate, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale, potential gastrointestinal and neurological adverse events, etc. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Information sources: Literature searches were conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Chongqing VIP. Gray literature including conference proceedings, fund application report by hand, and other possible sources including citation searching and websites.

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Sandoval-Aguilera, Karina, Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun et Nicolas Aguilar-Farias. Effectiveness of health promotion programs with parental or family involvement for increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school-aged children : a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, octobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0003.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to examine studies that have assessed the effectiveness of health promotion programs with parental or family involvement for increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school-aged children. Condition being studied: Research has shown that parental or family support is positively associated with overall physical activity in children and young people. However, little is known about the differential effect of involving parents and family members when implementing interventions for promoting physical activity in children and adolescents compared with strategies that only rely on actions focused on the individuals or school environments. Information sources: A search strategy for articles will be carried out in the following databases: Embase, Pubmed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and CINAHL. Also, a search from gray literature (academic google, Open Gray) and references from the articles found in the first stage will be conducted.

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WANG, Peng, Zhidong CAI, Qingying ZHAO, Wanting JIANG, Cong LIU et Xing WANG. A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of the Effect of Acute Exercise on Executive Function in Middle-aged and Senior People. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0086.

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Review question / Objective: Objective: To compare the intervention effect of multiple acute movement formulas on the executive function in middle-aged and senior people and to provide references for the discussion of the plans for precise movements. P: middle-aged and senior people elderly people; I: acute exercise; C: reading or sitting; O: Executive Function; S: RCT/crossover. Information sources: Randomized searches were carried out in Chinese databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Database, VTTMS, SinoMed and foreign databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science. The retrieval period is from the beginning of each database to August 2021, supplemented with manual searches for gray literature and references traced back to previous systematic reviews.

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Choi, Geunjoo, HyoJin Kim et Hyun Kang. Comparison of efficacy and safety of perioperaive sufentanil and remifentanil : a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis protocol and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0070.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to compare the efficacy and safety of perioperaive sufentanil and remifentanil use in patients receiving elective surgery under general anesthesia. Condition being studied: Patients receiving elective surgery under general anesthesia, and receving sufentanil or remifentanil during the operation. Information sources: We will search articles in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar from their inception up to August, 2022. To obtain more comprehensive search results, we will also search the ClinicalTrials.gov and cris.nih.go.kr for ongoing or incomplete clinical trials. We will also conduct a search of gray literature using OpenSIGLE.

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Oliveira, Lélia, Larissa Pedreira, Ana Paula Jesus, Flávia Ferreira, Ivana Pinto, Jeferson Santos et Catarina Araújo. Hospital-home transitional care and support for home caregivers of elderly people with functional dependence : a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0143.

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Review question / Objective: The review questions of this scoping are: 1. How does hospital-home transitional care support home caregivers of functionally dependent elderly people? 2. How is hospital-home transitional care applied to support home caregivers of elderly people with functional dependence? 3. What experiences of transitional hospital-home care were successful in supporting home caregivers of elderly people with functional dependence? The objective of this scoping review is to identify the hospital-home transitional care offered as support to the home caregiver of elderly people with functional dependence. Information sources: Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and Embase will be used. As gray literature, the CAPES Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and the OpenGrey platform will be evaluated.

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Souza, Elaine Oliveira, Poliana Leal Silva, Rudval Souza Silva, Flávia Catarino Conceição Ferreira et Larissa Chaves Pedreira. Self-care for oral hygiene in adults and the elderly in nursing : scope review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0034.

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Review question / Objective: This scoping review will use the following question: What is the concept of self-care for oral hygiene in adults and elderly individuals in nursing care settings? Subsequent questions will be used in order to achieve better results, as follows: What does the demand for self-care for oral hygiene require? What is self-care for oral hygiene? What results stem from the self-care deficit for oral hygiene? The objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence available in the field of nursing on the antecedents, attributes and consequences of self-care for oral hygiene in adults and elderly individuals. Information sources: Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and IBECS will be used. As gray literature, the CAPES Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and the OpenGrey platform will be evaluated.

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Treadwell, Jonathan R., Mingche Wu et Amy Y. Tsou. Management of Infantile Epilepsies. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer252.

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Objectives. Uncontrolled seizures in children 1 to 36 months old have serious short-term health risks and may be associated with substantial developmental, behavioral, and psychological impairments. We evaluated the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of pharmacologic, dietary, surgical, neuromodulation, and gene therapy treatments for infantile epilepsies. Data sources. We searched Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature for studies published from January 1, 1999, to August 19, 2021. Review methods. Using standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods, we refined the scope and applied a priori inclusion criteria to the >10,000 articles identified. We ordered full text of any pediatric epilepsy articles to determine if they reported any data on those age 1 month to <36 months. We extracted key information from each included study, rated risk of bias, and rated the strength of evidence. We summarized the studies and outcomes narratively. Results. Forty-one studies (44 articles) met inclusion criteria. For pharmacotherapy, levetiracetam may cause seizure freedom in some patients (strength of evidence [SOE]: low), but data on other medications (topiramate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, vigabatrin, rufinamide, stiripentol) were insufficient to permit conclusions. Both ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet may reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low for both). In addition, the ketogenic diet may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low) and may be more likely than the modified Atkins diet to reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low). Both hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric surgical procedures may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low for both), but the precise proportion is too variable to estimate. For three medications (levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine), adverse effects may rarely be severe enough to warrant discontinuation (SOE: low). For topiramate, non-severe adverse effects include loss of appetite and upper respiratory tract infection (SOE: moderate). Harms of diets were sparsely reported. For surgical interventions, surgical mortality is rare for functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric procedures (SOE: low), but evidence was insufficient to permit quantitative estimates of mortality or morbidity risk. Hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement after multilobar, lobar, or focal resection is uncommon (SOE: low). No studies assessed neuromodulation or gene therapy. Conclusions. Levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and surgery all appear to be effective for some infants. However, the strength of the evidence is low for all of these modalities due to lack of control groups, low patient enrollment, and inconsistent reporting. Future studies should compare different pharmacologic treatments and compare pharmacotherapy with dietary therapy. Critical outcomes underrepresented in the literature include quality of life, sleep outcomes, and long-term development.

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Hicks, Jacqueline. Environmental Challenges of Digital Transformation in Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.107.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature on the environmental risks of four different aspects of digital transformation in developing countries: ICT adoption, digitally-enabled energy efficiency, ride-hailing apps, and big data use. The overall message which runs throughout the diverse literatures and results is that it is not digital technologies that create environmental risks or opportunities, but how they are used. Efficiency gains derived from digital transformation may yet lead developing countries down existing unsustainable development paths if not accompanied by careful, context-dependent policy. For policy-makers seeking to mitigate environmental risks, this means putting the context of digital use at the centre of analysis rather than the technologies themselves. However, the research literature covers more specific aspects of digital transformation. In practice, this report defines digital transformation as: ICT adoption, digitally-enabled energy efficiency, ride-hailing apps, and big data use. These topics were chosen after an initial scoping review of available literature, and because they exemplify a range of the different types of potential digital effects. The literature on the environmental risks of digital transformation is huge and conflicting. This is problematic because it could be easy to cherry pick preferred research results. Several studies noted that there is less research on developing countries than developed countries, but the evidence base is still large. As an evidence review, this report focused on the academic literature, but there is also a large grey literature. Some of the literature has a gender aspect, not covered in this report.

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Agarwal, Smisha, Madhu Jalan, Holly C. Wilcox, Ritu Sharma, Rachel Hill, Emily Pantalone, Johannes Thrul, Jacob C. Rainey et Karen A. Robinson. Evaluation of Mental Health Mobile Applications. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb41.

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Background. Mental health mobile applications (apps) have the potential to expand the provision of mental health and wellness services to traditionally underserved populations. There is a lack of guidance on how to choose wisely from the thousands of mental health apps without clear evidence of safety, efficacy, and consumer protections. Purpose. This Technical Brief proposes a framework to assess mental health mobile applications with the aim to facilitate selection of apps. The results of applying the framework will yield summary statements on the strengths and limitations of the apps and are intended for use by providers and patients/caregivers. Methods. We reviewed systematic reviews of mental health apps and reviewed published and gray literature on mental health app frameworks, and we conducted four Key Informant group discussions to identify gaps in existing mental health frameworks and key framework criteria. These reviews and discussions informed the development of a draft framework to assess mental health apps. Iterative testing and refinement of the framework was done in seven successive rounds through double application of the framework to a total of 45 apps. Items in the framework with an interrater reliability under 90 percent were discussed among the evaluation team for revisions of the framework or guidance. Findings. Our review of the existing frameworks identified gaps in the assessment of risks that users may face from apps, such as privacy and security disclosures and regulatory safeguards to protect the users. Key Informant discussions identified priority criteria to include in the framework, including safety and efficacy of mental health apps. We developed the Framework to Assist Stakeholders in Technology Evaluation for Recovery (FASTER) to Mental Health and Wellness and it comprises three sections: Section 1. Risks and Mitigation Strategies, assesses the integrity and risk profile of the app; Section 2. Function, focuses on descriptive aspects related to accessibility, costs, organizational credibility, evidence and clinical foundation, privacy/security, usability, functions for remote monitoring of the user, access to crisis services, and artificial intelligence (AI); and Section 3. Mental Health App Features, focuses on specific mental health app features, such as journaling and mood tracking. Conclusion. FASTER may be used to help appraise and select mental health mobile apps. Future application, testing, and refinements may be required to determine the framework’s suitability and reliability across multiple mental health conditions, as well as to account for the rapidly expanding applications of AI, gamification, and other new technology approaches.

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