Thèses sur le sujet « Gravure du fer massif »
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Laourine, Feriel. « Texturation de la surface d’aciers inoxydables par plasmas chlorés et compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu par l’étude de la gravure du fer, du chrome et du nickel massifs ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0252.
Texte intégralThe structuring at sub-micronic scale of the surface of stainless steels allows to provide them with new functionalities, for example for tribological and optical applications. This thesis is part of the ANR SPOT project which aims to structure the surface of austenitic and martensitic steels on a submicronic scale by dry etching. In this work, we have developed a plasma process with a mixture of chlorine and argon for the etching of stainless steels. The development of this process was carried out based on the study of the etching of the main metals that make up these steels, namely, iron, chromium and nickel. Based on measurements of etching speeds, as well as on plasma diagnostic techniques, we have shown that, in a chlorine and argon plasma, iron is the most etched element, followed by chromium, then nickel. The metallic and the stainless steels etched samples were analyzed by surface characterization techniques, in particular X photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) analyzes. We have also studied the variation of the etching speeds of these metals and steels as a function of the temperature of the substrates. These studies have enabled us to establish the mechanisms involved in the etching of metallic elements. We have shown that in a plasma of chlorine and argon, iron is mainly etched by a chemical mechanism which follows an Arrhenius law. This mechanism would be based on the formation of volatile iron chlorides. In the case of chromium, the etching requires ionic assistance in order to desorb the non-volatile chromium chlorides formed on the surface of the material. Finally, for nickel, we observed that the etching speed decreases when the temperature increases. In this case, observations with a scanning electron microscope made it possible to highlight the formation of swellings rich in chlorine. XPS analyzes of the etched surface of nickel suggest that these swellings are due to the formation of non-volatile nickel chlorides. These chlorides would be at the origin of the decrease in the rate of etching of nickel, the sputtering of which would be blocked by the presence of these chlorides. Understanding these mechanisms led to conclude that, in a chlorinated plasma, the blocking element in the etching of stainless steels is nickel
Biedinger, Jean-Marie. « Contribution à l'étude de la diffusion du champ électromagnétique dans le fer massif : application à l'analyse d'un moteur asynchrone à rotor massif (M.A.R.M.) ». Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPE061.
Texte intégralThe present study concerns the analysis of the electromagnetic field diffusion in solid iron, applied to electromechanical energy converters. It comprises two principal parts : the review of the general macroscopic equations and their various mathematical formulations ; the finite element formulation and its comparison to experimental results obtained on a 1 MW - 20 000 rpm Solid Rotor Induction Machine (S. R. I. M. ). The first part begins with the analysis of the tridimensional character of the electromagnetic problems in a S. R. I. M. , in order to deduce a coherent formulation based on field potentials. Then it recalls the different variational formulations of these equations in terms of various potentials : magnetic vector potential and electric scalar potential inside the conducting region ; magnetic scalar potential in the non-conducting region ; reduced magnetic scalar potential inside the current source region. This model is able to take into account the eddy currents and the magnetic saturation in the conducting moving parts, with a minimum set of degrees of freedom. Other possible simplifications are examinated, according to the experience. The second part is allowed to the numerical implementation using the finite element method. First, simplified two-dimensional models are developed. Then the use of the propagation boundary conditions, well adapted to the nature of the rotating field in a polyphased machine, and of the equivalent sinusoidal time-varying model, authorises a tridimensional computation. The application of these models to the S. R. I. M. Allows to study particular configurations of the unlaminated rotor (as axial slits, squirrel-cage, circumferential grooves), or the effects of the finite length for example
Biedinger, Jean-Marie. « Contribution à l'étude de la diffusion du champ électromégnétique dans le fer massif application à l'analyse d'un moteur asynchrone à rotor massif (M.A.R.M.) ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375960355.
Texte intégralLeypold, Denis. « Mines et métallurgie du fer dans le massif vosgien de l'antiquité au XIXe siècle : l'exemple de la vallée de la Bruche ». Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR20027.
Texte intégralThis contribution to the study of the global evolution of the iron-industry in a vosges valley, the bruche valley, was accomplished using historical and earth sciences research. The studied period ranges from antiquity to the 19th century. The first part of the thesis describes the history of each forge to show the circulation of the workers, the workers' role in the diffusion of the technical learning, the legal questions involved in establishing and running the metallurgical works. The second part of the thesis discusses concepts of industrial and mine archaeology and also open questions concerning technogoly and the history of the earth sciences. The analysis of texts shows the existence of a technologically well developed mining and industrial infrastructure since the 16th century, in contrast to the metallurgical traditions of the middle ages and to the forges' conservatism during the 19th century. The archaeology allows a mapping of mine and iron-metallurgy and also the observation of mine owriking geometry. The thesis concludes with an analysis of the mineral deposits and an introduction to the history of the regional mineralogy
Courtin-Nomade, Alexandra. « Mobilité de l'arsenic, liaisons arsenic-fer et spéciation de l'arsenic dans les haldes d'anciennes mines du Massif Central français ». Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0022.
Texte intégralThe study of three mine sites in the French Massif Central allow us to establish a general model concerning As mobilisation issued from arsenopyrite and pyrite-rich tailings altered under meteoric conditions. .
Bethencourt, Lorine. « Etude des bactéries oxydantes du fer dans les aquifères hétérogènes : rôle dans le fonctionnement biogéochimique des zones d'interface ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B025.
Texte intégralBacteria of the Gallionellaceae family (β-proteobacteria) oxidise dissolved iron at circumneutral pH to fuel their energy metabolism. These bacteria are endemic of microaerobic habitats, where they can outcompete the rapid abiotic oxidation of iron with oxygen. They are thus generally found in the interface areas between the atmosphere and an anoxic iron-rich compartment, such as a resurgence of groundwater. However, in the last five years, several studies have shown the presence of Gallionellaceae at depth in some subsurface environments, at depths where they are generally anoxic. In several of these environments, such as some aquifers in the Armorican basement (Brittany, France), Gallionellaceae even seem to dominate the microbial communities. This suggests (i) that there are deep interface zones in these aquifers between an oxygen-containing compartment and an anoxic iron-rich compartment, and (II) that these interface zones can have a major role in maintaining microbial populations at depth. The objective of this thesis was to explore the diversity and the ecology of Gallionellaceae bacteria in these subsurface environments, for uncover their overall biogeochemical functioning. A multidisciplinary approach, involving metagenomic and hydrogeochemical analyses, was used to achieve this objective
JAY, Jean-Philippe. « ETUDE PAR RESONANCE MAGNETIQUE NUCLEAIRE DE L'ORDRE A COURTE DISTANCE DANS LE SYSTEME COBALT/FER :DE L'ALLIAGE MASSIF A LA MULTICOUCHE ». Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003414.
Texte intégralJAY, J. PHILIPPE. « Etude par resonance magnetique nucleaire de l'ordre a courte distance dans le systeme cobalt/fer : de l'alliage massif a la multicouche ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13154.
Texte intégralBachari, Hanan. « La genèse des dépôts d'oxydes fer, titane et vanadium associés aux anorthosites massives de la région de Lac-Saint-Jean (Saint-Charles et lac Élan) et de la région de Havre Saint-Pierre (massif de la Rivière-au-Tonnerre, massif de la rivière Romaine et massif de lac Allard), Québec, Canada / ». Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Texte intégralFassion, Franck. « Occupation humaine et interactions sociétés-milieu dans les massifs du Livradois-Forez ( massif central, France) de la fin du second Âge du fer au haut Moyen âge ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30459/30459.pdf.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this thesis is to identify human occupation and exploitation of the environment of marginal territories in the Livradois-Forez, which include the cities of Arverne, Segusiave, and Vellave, and to investigate the regional integration of these localities from the second Iron Age to the Early Middle Age. This thesis is conducted from a dynamic, diachronic, and systemic perspective, and utilizes a landscape archaeology approach to explore the relations between societies, in particular their economies, and the environment. The research presented crosses archaeology and the environmental sciences in order to increase knowledge of the setting in which these societies evolved and the possible human influences on it, but it also identifies social-economic and cultural processes. The completion of this project required three stages: first, the integration of research and syntheses developed from research programs in which I collaborated; second, the synthesis of the archaeological data; third, the acquisition of new data through archaeological field surveys and through the analysis of plant macrofossils from peatlands. Four sectors that reflect key components of the landscape have been used. As far as possible, research in each sector included archaeological surveys and paleoenvironmental research. Interdisciplinary archaeological, paleoecological, and geoarchaeological studies, combined with GIS, exhibit a heterogenous development that can be seen in two economic cycles: the first, from the Second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire; the second, from the Late Roman Empire to the Early Middle Age. For each economic cycle, human land use and the exploitation of the environment reflect strategies and social-economic choices driven by topography, climate, and available resources (particularly agricultural resources, but also the presence of wood and ore). The proximity of routes of communication reflects important pools of population and the centers of the three cities. Each stage of environmental exploitation is marked by an increase of erosion, peat initiation, and changes in the use of the oldest peatland. Finally, this border area seems to be integrated into the regional economy.
Fassion, Franck. « L'occupation humaine et intéractions sociétés-milieu dans les massifs du Livradois-Forez (Massif-Central, France) de la fin du second âge de fer au Haut Moyen-Age ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20016/document.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this thesis is to identify human occupation and exploitation of the environment of marginal territories in the Livradois-Forez, which include the cities of Arverne, Segusiave, and Vellave, and to investigate the regional integration of these localities from the second Iron Age to the Early Middle Age. This thesis is conducted from a dynamic, diachronic, and systemic perspective, and utilizes a landscape archaeology approach to explore the relations between societies, in particular their economies, and the environment. The research presented crosses archaeology and the environmental sciences in order to increase knowledge of the setting in which these societies evolved and the possible human influences on it, but it also identifies social-economic and cultural processes. The completion of this project required three stages: first, the integration of research and syntheses developed from research programs in which I collaborated; second, the synthesis of the archaeological data; third, the acquisition of new data through archaeological field surveys and through the analysis of plant macrofossils from peatlands. Four sectors that reflect key components of the landscape have been used. As far as possible, research in each sector included archaeological surveys and paleoenvironmental research. Interdisciplinary archaeological, paleoecological, and geoarchaeological studies, combined with GIS, exhibit a heterogenous development that can be seen in two economic cycles: the first, from the Second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire; the second, from the Late Roman Empire to the Early Middle Age. For each economic cycle, human land use and the exploitation of the environment reflect strategies and social-economic choices driven by topography, climate, and available resources (particularly agricultural resources, but also the presence of wood and ore). The proximity of routes of communication reflects important pools of population and the centers of the three cities. Each stage of environmental exploitation is marked by an increase of erosion, peat initiation, and changes in the use of the oldest peatland. Finally, this border area seems to be integrated into the regional economy
Kurzaj, Marie-Caroline. « Peuplements et échanges entre Gaule interne et Gaule méditerranéenne dans le sud-est du Massif central à la fin du Second âge du fer (160 - 25 avant J. C.) ». Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL028.
Texte intégralThis study provides a synthesis about the ending period of the second Iron Age (160-25 BC) in the southeast Massif Central. The geographical zone that I study here includes several regions (Auvergne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Rhône-Alpes) and departments (the Ardèche, the Gard, the Loire, the Haute-Loire, the Lozère, the Rhône). During the ending period of the second Iron Age, this region gathers the territories of two cultural entities: the independent Gaul (Gabali, Segusiavi and Vellavi) and the Mediterranean Gaul (Allobroges, Helvii, Segalauni and Volcae Arecomici). The aim of this study thus is to offer a global vision of furniture facies, land use and commercial dynamics in this geographical area. This initiative bases itself on a recent critical reading of the archaeological data accumulated in this region since the 19th century.The plan adopted is made of three chapters.The first one aims at presenting the frame, the context and the methodological approach of the study. The second chapter is dedicated to the detailed examination of the data according to two important subjects: the material culture and the occupation types.The third chapter offers a synthesis and a confrontation of the data.The characteristics of this region are compared here.The main markers of the material culture are exposed and a model of hierarchical structuring of the occupation is proposed from a classification of the various categories of housing environment. Finally, the results of the analysis of furniture and land use are shared, in order to compare the specific markers of the territorial organization in the southeast of Massif Central
Lespes, Carole. « Pratiques alimentaires et agropastorales à la fin de l’Age du Bronze et aux débuts de l’Age du Fer en Languedoc : du littoral aux premiers contreforts méridionaux du Massif Central ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30042.
Texte intégralArchaeozoological data are incomplete in Languedoc at the end of the Final Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age (IX-Vth c. BC). Therefore, this study was conducted to provide new perspectives on diet during this poorly documented period. The study concerns faunal remains from habitat sites in the Languedoc region located on the Mediterranean coast and in the hinterland of the southern foothills of the Massif Central. Archaeozoological analysis coupled with the analysis of dental micro-wear of ruminants has led to a better understanding of the feeding practices of these rural societies confronted with the proto-urban phenomenon. The meat resource is essentially based on animal husbandry, particularly of goats, and management strategies for specific herds are emerging. Hunting is practiced but in a more opportunistic context than out of necessity. Neither the location of sites on the coast or in mountainous landscapes, nor the diachronicity of occupations influence feeding practices. It seems that each site has its own characteristics, with choices linked more to local components mixing culture, opportunity, taste preferences, status of the populations, etc.Keywords: Archaeozoology, Protohistory, Dental microwear, Languedoc
Georges, Vincent. « Le Forez du 6ème au 1er millénaire av. J.-C.Territoires, identités et stratégies des sociétés humaines du Massif central dans le bassin amont de la Loire (France) ». Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369820.
Texte intégral- une analyse d'un espace géographique et d'un corpus archéologique,
- un essai de classification typo-chronologique des vestiges,
- une définition des matériaux lithiques avec leurs conditions d'accessibilité et d'exploitation dont les tectonites foréziennes (outillages, haches...),
- une approche chronostratigraphique de la plaine alluviale de la Loire en Forez,
- l'identification de constructions territoriales,
- une analyse de la gestion des semences et des récoltes aux âges des Métaux et,
- une étude technologique et anthropologique des habits protocolaires féminins métalliques et textiles entre 1500 et 1000 av. J.-C., à partir des bracelets métalliques à incisions.
Goepp, Stéphanie. « Origine, histoire et dynamique des Hautes-Chaumes du massif vosgien : Déterminismes environnementaux et actions de l'Homme ». Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553049.
Texte intégralMeunier, Emmanuelle. « Évolutions dans l'exploitation minière entre le second âge du Fer et le début de la période romaine dans le Sud-Ouest de la Gaule : le cas du district pyrénéen à cuivre argentifère du Massif de l'Arize ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20071.
Texte intégralMining archaeology, in a continual dialogue with Earth and Environment Sciences, aims to define the different aspects of mining exploitations, replacing them within their chronological context. This work, focussed on the study of the Pyrenean district for argentiferous copper of the Arize Mountains, attempts to shed light on the environmental, technical and socio-economical contexts of this activity, through the prism of mining archaeology, associated with pedo-anthracological and geological approaches. These approaches remained on an exploratory level but open on very diverse prospects.The field work carried out as part of these investigations led to indentify three stages of ancient activity in the Arize district. The first one, between the 4th and 3rd century BC, brings new data about a widely unknown period in the region. The second one, between the end of the 2nd century BC and the reign of Augustus, allows thinking about the modalities and rhythms of the integration of this district in the Transalpine Gaul. The third one, in the 14th century, comes under a completely different historical context and leads to question the reasons of the interruption of mining after the reign of Augustus. Taking into account the other mines known and studied in the south-West of Gaul allows us to identify the special features or the similarities between the Arize district and regional mines, from the second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire. Some comparisons with other districts well characterised in Gaul or Iberian Peninsula contribute to determine the local, regional or European dynamics acting in the evolution of mining activity in the South-West of Gaul during Antiquity
Taillandier, Valérie. « Sépultures et nécropoles du second Âge du Fer dans le Jura occidental et les plaines de Saône : analyse des corpus de mobilier et des pratiques funéraires ». Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC025.
Texte intégralThis doctoral research focused on studying and characterizing the practices and sets of funeral artefacts in the second Iron Age in the Western Jura and Saône plains. This work required the compilation of a catalogue of sites obtained by an exhaustive analysis of the available data, including all the old documentation and the results of recent preventive archaeological operations. Particular attention was paid to the typo-chronological analysis of funeral assemblies, dominated by metal ornaments. A typographical-chronological classification of the abject categories was developed, based on comparisons with neighbouring regions in the study area. lt provides a solid basis for better understanding the influences and contacts at work in the space under study, as well as their evolution during the Second Iron Age. The analysis of funeral practices is based on the results of a series of reliable sets, which feeds into a reflection on the major trends characterizing each chronological stage and on the specific markers of the elites. All the results of this research provide a renewed image of funeral practices and, more generally, of the second Iron Age society, particularly for La Tène ancienne, the best documented period, in a space that occupies a pivotal position in the western Celtic area
Pastushenko, Anton. « Silicon-based nanomaterials obtained by electrochemical etching of metallurgical substrates ». Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI048.
Texte intégralSilicon is the second most abundant element in the Earth crust after oxygen. Its use in metallurgy, building and electronic industry requires a huge fabrication level. Depending on the contamination level allowed, the price of this material varies in the orders of magnitude. This thesis focuses on the use of dirtiest metallurgical grade silicon and iron disilicide substrates for hydrogen storage and photoluminescence applications. The initial substrates were subjected to electrochemical etching in hydrofluoric acid-containing solutions. Anodization of metallurgical grade silicon substrate produces nanostructured porous silicon with somewhat shifted parameters (comparing with electronic grade porous silicon with the same resistivity), as it was studied in this thesis in details. It was shown, that metallurgical grade porous silicon can be applied as hydrogen storage material. Hydrogen generation is studied here based on the influences of some technically critical parameters: porosity, alkali concentration, volume and temperature. Electrochemical treatment of metallurgical grade iron disilicide substrates produces luminescent iron fluorosilicate hexahydrate, covering the residual nanostructured iron disilicide/silicon. Here, the influence of anodization parameters on photoluminescent properties is studied. Also, etching mechanism is proposed as for the new material never anodized
Thorette, Jacques. « Contribution à l'étude de l'hydrothermalisme océanique : exemple du district minéralisé de York-Harbour (massif ophiolitique de Blow-Me-Down, Bay-of-Islands, Terre-Neuve) ». Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES2002.
Texte intégralNachit, Hassane. « Contribution à l'étude analytique et expérimentale des biotites des granitoides : Applications typologiques ». Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES2023.
Texte intégralLahmar, Rabah. « Les sols rouges lessives sur micaschites a chlorites ferriferes (grande kabylie, algerie). Organisation de la couverture pedologique d'un bassin versant. Alteration, pedogenese, morphogenese ». Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066339.
Texte intégralSéméria, Marie-Noëlle. « Etude de circuits submicroniques implantés pour mémoire à bulles magnétiques ». Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10137.
Texte intégralBachari, Hanan. « La genèse des dépôts d'oxydes fer, titane et vanadium associés aux anorthosites massives de la région de Lac-Saint-Jean (Saint-Charles et lac Élan) et de la région de Havre Saint-Pierre (massif de la Rivière-au-Tonnerre, massif de la rivière Romaine et massif de lac Allard), Québec, Canada ». Thèse, 2004. http://constellation.uqac.ca/638/1/18325622.pdf.
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