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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Gravity changes »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Gravity changes"

Zhang, Min, Ziwei Liu, Qiong Wu, Yuntian Teng, Xiaotong Zhang, Feibai Du et Ying Jiang. « Hydrologic changes of in-situ gravimetry ». GEOPHYSICS 87, n^o 2 (10 février 2022) : B117—B127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0037.1.

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Inter-seasonal and geodynamics-related gravity changes are important geoscientific signals that are extractable from gravimeter observations after removing background information as local hydrology gravity effect. With two superconducting gravimeters (SGs: OSG-053 and iGrav-007) located in different tectonic units, continuous global navigation satellite system data and absolute gravity observations, Wuhan, China, is an ideal location for investigating the effects of gravity resulting from significant local hydrology mass variations. We have processed approximately 26 months of gravity data collected from the SGs in Wuhan and obtained residuals of [Formula: see text] for OSG-053 and [Formula: see text] for iGrav-007. The hydrological observations indicate an estimated gravity increase of [Formula: see text] near iGrav-007, which mainly results from an increase in unconfined water level with an aquifer-specific yield of approximately 0.1. However, the gravity changes around OSG-053 are mainly from soil moisture and reach −[Formula: see text]. The soil type, thickness, and water content parameters are obtained from hydrogeological surveys and drilling data. The deep confined water level rises by 2.5 m, which introduces a [Formula: see text] gravity variation with a specific storage approximately 0.00001 from the field unsteady-flow pumping test. The modeled gravity is approximately [Formula: see text] around OSG-053 and [Formula: see text] around iGrav-007, in accordance with the observed gravity variations. The difference in gravity changes between the two SG observations can be explained by different local water storage environments. Our results suggest that unconfined and soil water significantly impact the in-situ gravimetry, and that further detailed hydrogeological surveys are required. A combined investigation of gravity and water levels can be a useful approach for monitoring aquifer storage conditions and groundwater management.

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Huang, Jian-Liang, Hui Li et Rui-Hao Li. « Gravity and gravity gradient changes caused by a point dislocation ». Acta Seismologica Sinica 8, n^o 1 (février 1995) : 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02651001.

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Radugina, E. A., et E. N. Grigoryan. « Morphogenetic changes during newt tail regeneration under changed gravity conditions ». Biology Bulletin 39, n^o 5 (septembre 2012) : 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359012040103.

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Hui, Li, Shen Chongyang, Sun Shaoan, Wang Xiaoquan, Xiang Aimin et Liu Shaoming. « Recent gravity changes in China Mainland ». Geodesy and Geodynamics 2, n^o 1 (février 2011) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1246.2011.00001.

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Eggers, A. A. « Residual gravity changes and eruption magnitudes ». Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 33, n^o 1-3 (août 1987) : 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(87)90062-x.

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Zou, Zhengbo, Hui Li, Zhicai Luo et Lelin Xing. « Seasonal gravity changes estimated from GRACE data ». Geodesy and Geodynamics 1, n^o 1 (2010) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1246.2010.00057.

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Rina, D. I., et M. N. Irham. « Merapi observed gravity anomaly changes in 2019 ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 1524 (avril 2020) : 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1524/1/012006.

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Wong, T. f., et J. B. Walsh. « Deformation-induced gravity changes in volcanic regions ». Geophysical Journal International 106, n^o 3 (septembre 1991) : 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1991.tb06325.x.

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Hinderer, Jacques, Hilaire Legros et David Crossley. « Global Earth dynamics and induced gravity changes ». Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth 96, B12 (10 novembre 1991) : 20257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91jb00423.

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Goldermann, Markus, et Wolfgang Hanke. « Ion channel are sensitive to gravity changes ». Microgravity Science and Technology 13, n^o 1 (mars 2001) : 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02873330.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Gravity changes"

Setiawan, Ari. « Modeling of Gravity Changes on Merapi Volcano ». Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/362/17/cv.pdf.

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Merapi volcano, located in Central Java, is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. 2 million people are living in its immediate neighborhood. Therefore Merapi was selected within the International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) of UNESCO as one of 15 so called high risk volcanoes in the world. National and International research groups from Indonesia, France, Netherlands, Japan, USA and Germany are working on Merapi. Different methods are applied on Merapi to study the volcanic processes and to improve the possibilities to predict future eruptions. In this thesis the importance of gravity changes in space and time for the analysis of volcanic processes is analyzed and further developed. First the basic theory of Earth's gravity field and gravity anomalies is described. For the interpretation of gravity anomalies several programs have been developed using the MATLAB software package. The programs are used for the interpretation of gravity changes in time which have been observed five times between summer 1997 and summer 2000 in a repetition network around Merapi volcano. This network consists of 23 stations. During all campaigns four LaCoste&Romberg gravimeters model G and D have been used. Height changes at the observation sites are controlled by GPS-observations which have been carried out in parallel with the gravity measurements. The observed gravity and height changes are small. They reveal that Merapi volcano is just now an open system where no large stresses can build up. Nevertheless possible models are developed to explain the observed changes. Based on four geometric models of magma chamber and conduit within the volcano?s edifice as found in the literature the migration of magma in the conduit is investigated. The conduit system thereby is modeled by a cylinder, the magma chamber by a sphere. It is shown, that gravity changes map the migration of the magma, if gravity changes at stations at the crater rim are considered. Gravity changes at stations far away from the volcano conduit (2 ? 25 km) can be explained by changes within the geohydrothermal system. For this purpose particular ground water layers as determined by other geophysical methods (resistivity observations, magnetotelluric measurements and LOTEM) are modeled as concentric cylinders around the conduit of Merapi volcano. The resulting density changes in the cylinders explain with sufficient accuracy the observed gravity changes. Precise repeated gravity observations in combination with other geophysical methods allow therefore the detailed analysis of subsurface mass migration within a volcano.

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Doi, Koichiro. « Study on Gravity Changes Induced by Atmospheric Loading ». 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168819.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第4973号
理博第1370号
新制||理||765(附属図書館)
UT51-92-J20
京都大学大学院理学研究科地球物理学専攻
(主査)教授中川一郎, 教授田中寅夫, 教授住友則彦
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Anjasmara, Ira Mutiara. « Validating methods to infer mass changes from satellite gravity measurements using Synthetic Earth Gravity Modelling ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2379.

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Leakage properties of isotropic and anisotropic filters used to recover mass changes from space gravity observations are studied. These are done through the use of gravity induced by simulated mass changes within a closed-loop validation procedure. Results show that the use of filter techniques can introduce significant errors introducing distortions between recovered and simulated mass. Previously not well known, the study revealed that leakage is dependent on the geographic location if the mass change considered.

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Takada, Hiroki, Yoshiyuki Kitaoka, Satoshi Iwase, Yuuki Shimizu, Tomoyuki Watanabe, Meiho Nakayama, Masaru Miyao et Koshin Mihashi. « Characteristic Changes of Sway of Center of Gravity with Advancing Afe ». Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7608.

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Morrow, Eric. « Estimates of Land Ice Changes from Sea Level and Gravity Observations ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11385.

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Understanding how global ice volume on the Earth has changed is of significant importance to improving our understanding of the climate system. Fortunately, the geographically unique perturbations in sea level that result from rapid changes in the mass of, otherwise difficult to measure, land-ice reservoirs can be used to infer the sources and magnitude of melt water. We explore the history of land-ice mass changes through the effect that these mass fluxes have had on both global and regional gravity and sea-level fields.
Earth and Planetary Sciences

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Cadwell, John Andres Jr. « Control of Longitudinal Pitch Rate as Aircraft Center of Gravity Changes ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/426.

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In order for an aircraft to remain in stable flight, the center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft must be located in front of the center of lift (CL). As the center of gravity moves rearward, pitch stability decreases and the sensitivity to control input increases. This increase in sensitivity is known as pitch gain variance. Minimizing the pitch gain variance results in an aircraft with consistent handling characteristics across a broad range of center of gravity locations. This thesis focuses on the development and testing of an open loop computer simulation model and a closed loop control system to minimize pitch axis gain variation as center of gravity changes. DATCOM and MatLab are used to generate the open loop aircraft flight model; then a closed loop PD (proportional-derivate) controller is designed based on Ziegler-Nichols closed loop tuning methods. Computer simulation results show that the open loop control system exhibited unacceptable pitch gain variance, and that the closed loop control system not only minimizes gain variance, but also stabilizes the aircraft in all test cases. The controller is also implemented in a Scorpio Miss 2 radio controlled aircraft using an onboard microprocessor. Flight testing shows that performance is satisfactory.

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Marriott, A. D. « 'Appropriately related changes' : the meaning of narrative in Thomas Pynchon's 'Gravity Rainbow' ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356712.

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Borden, Emily C. « The Relationship and Seasonal Changes of Hydration Measures in Collegiate Wrestlers ». The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523430813791537.

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Vassalli, Melissa <1977&gt. « Numerical simulations of magma chamber dynamics at Campi Flegrei, and associated seismicity, deformation and gravity changes ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/986/1/Tesi_Vassalli_Melissa.pdf.

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Understanding the complex relationships between quantities measured by volcanic monitoring network and shallow magma processes is a crucial headway for the comprehension of volcanic processes and a more realistic evaluation of the associated hazard. This question is very relevant at Campi Flegrei, a volcanic quiescent caldera immediately north-west of Napoli (Italy). The system activity shows a high fumarole release and periodic ground slow movement (bradyseism) with high seismicity. This activity, with the high people density and the presence of military and industrial buildings, makes Campi Flegrei one of the areas with higher volcanic hazard in the world. In such a context my thesis has been focused on magma dynamics due to the refilling of shallow magma chambers, and on the geophysical signals detectable by seismic, deformative and gravimetric monitoring networks that are associated with this phenomenologies. Indeed, the refilling of magma chambers is a process frequently occurring just before a volcanic eruption; therefore, the faculty of identifying this dynamics by means of recorded signal analysis is important to evaluate the short term volcanic hazard. The space-time evolution of dynamics due to injection of new magma in the magma chamber has been studied performing numerical simulations with, and implementing additional features in, the code GALES (Longo et al., 2006), recently developed and still on the upgrade at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia in Pisa (Italy). GALES is a finite element code based on a physico-mathematical two dimensional, transient model able to treat fluids as multiphase homogeneous mixtures, compressible to incompressible. The fundamental equations of mass, momentum and energy balance are discretised both in time and space using the Galerkin Least-Squares and discontinuity-capturing stabilisation technique. The physical properties of the mixture are computed as a function of local conditions of magma composition, pressure and temperature.The model features enable to study a broad range of phenomenologies characterizing pre and sin-eruptive magma dynamics in a wide domain from the volcanic crater to deep magma feeding zones. The study of displacement field associated with the simulated fluid dynamics has been carried out with a numerical code developed by the Geophysical group at the University College Dublin (O’Brien and Bean, 2004b), with whom we started a very profitable collaboration. In this code, the seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous media with free surface (e.g. the Earth’s surface) is simulated using a discrete elastic lattice where particle interactions are controlled by the Hooke’s law. This method allows to consider medium heterogeneities and complex topography. The initial and boundary conditions for the simulations have been defined within a coordinate project (INGV-DPC 2004-06 V3_2 “Research on active volcanoes, precursors, scenarios, hazard and risk - Campi Flegrei”), to which this thesis contributes, and many researchers experienced on Campi Flegrei in volcanological, seismic, petrological, geochemical fields, etc. collaborate. Numerical simulations of magma and rock dynamis have been coupled as described in the thesis. The first part of the thesis consists of a parametric study aimed at understanding the eect of the presence in magma of carbon dioxide in magma in the convection dynamics. Indeed, the presence of this volatile was relevant in many Campi Flegrei eruptions, including some eruptions commonly considered as reference for a future activity of this volcano. A set of simulations considering an elliptical magma chamber, compositionally uniform, refilled from below by a magma with volatile content equal or dierent from that of the resident magma has been performed. To do this, a multicomponent non-ideal magma saturation model (Papale et al., 2006) that considers the simultaneous presence of CO2 and H2O, has been implemented in GALES. Results show that the presence of CO2 in the incoming magma increases its buoyancy force promoting convection ad mixing. The simulated dynamics produce pressure transients with frequency and amplitude in the sensitivity range of modern geophysical monitoring networks such as the one installed at Campi Flegrei . In the second part, simulations more related with the Campi Flegrei volcanic system have been performed. The simulated system has been defined on the basis of conditions consistent with the bulk of knowledge of Campi Flegrei and in particular of the Agnano-Monte Spina eruption (4100 B.P.), commonly considered as reference for a future high intensity eruption in this area. The magmatic system has been modelled as a long dyke refilling a small shallow magma chamber; magmas with trachytic and phonolitic composition and variable volatile content of H2O and CO2 have been considered. The simulations have been carried out changing the condition of magma injection, the system configuration (magma chamber geometry, dyke size) and the resident and refilling magma composition and volatile content, in order to study the influence of these factors on the simulated dynamics. Simulation results allow to follow each step of the gas-rich magma ascent in the denser magma, highlighting the details of magma convection and mixing. In particular, the presence of more CO2 in the deep magma results in more ecient and faster dynamics. Through this simulations the variation of the gravimetric field has been determined. Afterward, the space-time distribution of stress resulting from numerical simulations have been used as boundary conditions for the simulations of the displacement field imposed by the magmatic dynamics on rocks. The properties of the simulated domain (rock density, P and S wave velocities) have been based on data from literature on active and passive tomographic experiments, obtained through a collaboration with A. Zollo at the Dept. of Physics of the Federici II Univeristy in Napoli. The elasto-dynamics simulations allow to determine the variations of the space-time distribution of deformation and the seismic signal associated with the studied magmatic dynamics. In particular, results show that these dynamics induce deformations similar to those measured at Campi Flegrei and seismic signals with energies concentrated on the typical frequency bands observed in volcanic areas. The present work shows that an approach based on the solution of equations describing the physics of processes within a magmatic fluid and the surrounding rock system is able to recognise and describe the relationships between geophysical signals detectable on the surface and deep magma dynamics. Therefore, the results suggest that the combined study of geophysical data and informations from numerical simulations can allow in a near future a more ecient evaluation of the short term volcanic hazard.

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Livres sur le sujet "Gravity changes"

Roberts, Carter W. High-precision stations for monitoring gravity changes in Long Valley caldera, California. [Denver, Colo.?] : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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Roberts, Carter W. High-precision stations for monitoring gravity changes in Long Valley caldera, California. [Denver, Colo.?] : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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C, Jachens Robert, Morin Robert L et Geological Survey (U.S.), dir. High-precision stations for monitoring gravity changes in Long Valley caldera, California. [Denver, Colo.?] : Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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C, Poitevin, European Centre for Geodynamics and Seismology. et International Gravity Commission, dir. Proceedings of the second workshop, non tidal gravity changes : Intercomparison between absolute and superconducting gravimeters : September 6th to 8th, 1994, Walferdange (Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg). Luxembourg : Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie, 1995.

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Schaefer, Donald H. Hydrologic implications of measured changes in gravity during pumping at a carbonate-rock well near Moapa, Clark County, Nevada. Carson City, Nev : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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C, Poitevin, European Centre for Geodynamics and Seismology. et International Gravity Commission. Working Group V--Monitoring of Non Tidal Gravity Variations., dir. Proceedings of the workschop [i.e. workshop], non tidal gravity changes : Intercomparison between absolute and superconducting gravimeters : September 5th to 7th, 1990, Walferdange (Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg). Luxembourg : Centre européen de géodynamique et de séismologie, Musée dʼhistoire naturelle, Section astrophysique et géophysique, 1991.

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Identification and modeling of sea level change contributors : On GRACE satellite gravity data and their applications to climate monitoring. Delft : NCG, 2010.

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A change in gravity. London : Little, Brown, 1999.

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Higgins, George V. A change of gravity. New York : Henry Holt, 1997.

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Higgins, George V. A change in gravity. New York : Henry Holt, 1997.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Gravity changes"

Johnson, Daniel J. « Gravity Changes on Mauna Loa Volcano ». Dans Mauna Loa Revealed : Structure, Composition, History, and Hazards, 127–43. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm092p0127.

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Hinderer, Jacques, et David Crossley. « Core Dynamics and Surface Gravity Changes ». Dans Dynamics of Earth's Deep Interior and Earth Rotation, 1–16. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm072p0001.

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Hagiwara, Yukio. « Gravity Changes in the Izu Peninsula, Japan ». Dans Practical Approaches to Earthquake Prediction and Warning, 441–46. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2738-9_14.

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Straser, Valentino, et Mario Campion. « Gravity Changes, Earthquakes and Oil Field (Italy) ». Dans Advances in Petroleum Engineering and Petroleum Geochemistry, 87–89. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01578-7_21.

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Zotov, Leonid V., C. K. Shum et Natalya L. Frolova. « Gravity Changes over Russian River Basins from GRACE ». Dans Planetary Exploration and Science : Recent Results and Advances, 45–59. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45052-9_3.

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Sun, W., G. Fu et Sh Okubo. « Co-seismic Gravity Changes Computed for a Spherical Earth Model Applicable to GRACE Data ». Dans Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation, 11–17. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_2.

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Chen, J. L., et C. R. Wilson. « Assessment of Degree-2 Zonal Gravitational Changes from GRACE, Earth Rotation, Climate Models, and Satellite Laser Ranging ». Dans Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation, 669–76. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_88.

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Cox, C. M., S. M. Klosko et B. F. Chao. « Changes in Ice-Mass Balances Inferred From Time Variations of the Geopotential Observed Through SLR and DORIS Tracking ». Dans Gravity, Geoid and Geodynamics 2000, 355–60. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04827-6_59.

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Fu, Guangyu, et Wenke Sun. « Effects of Earth’s Lateral Inhomogeneous Structures on Coseismic Gravity Changes ». Dans Deformation and Gravity Change : Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism, and Climate Change, Vol. II, 1343–68. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0149-8_10.

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Colombo, Oscar L., et Benjamin F. Chao. « Advanced Techniques for Mapping Gravity and Its Changes from Space ». Dans International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 494–501. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03482-8_66.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Gravity changes"

Buravkova, L. B., Yu A. Romanov, N. A. Konstantinova, N. V. Merzlikina, Yu G. Gershovich et I. A. Grivennikov. « Cultured stem cells are sensitive to gravity changes ». Dans 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-a1.4.01.

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Ross, Muriel D. « Synaptic changes in gravity sensors of space-flown animals ». Dans 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761802.

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Ross. « Synaptic Changes In Gravity Sensors Of Space-flown Animals ». Dans Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589420.

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Zainuddin, Mohd Zambri, Noorul-Aini Ambak, Mohd Sahar Yahya et Mohd Hafiz Mohd Saadon. « Acceleration due to gravity changes during solar eclipse phases ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconspace.2011.6015876.

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Rzepecka, Zofia. « APPLICATION OF TIME MEASUREMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF GRAVITY POTENTIAL CHANGES ». Dans 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/22/s09.015.

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TORERO, J., A. FERNANDEZ-PELLO et D. URBAN. « Experimental observations of the effect of gravity changes on smoldering combustion ». Dans 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-829.

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Fukuda, Yoichi, Jun Nishijima et Makoto Taniguchi. « Applications of a field absolute gravimeter for monitoring temporal gravity changes ». Dans Proceedings of the 10th SEGJ International Symposium. Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segj102011-001.66.

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Tempone, Pamela, et Martin Landrø. « Estimation of changes in gravity anomaly due to a compacting reservoir ». Dans SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2009. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3255657.

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Salazar Moscoso, Marcela, Silvia Joly Ruiz Castellanos, Guillem Anglada Escudé et Laia Ribas Cabezas. « Hypergravity induces changes in physiology, gene expression and epigenetics in zebrafish ». Dans Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.044.

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All living organisms that inhabit Earth have evolved under a common value of gravity, which amounts to an acceleration of 9.81 m/s2 at mean sea level. Changes on it could cause important alterations that affect vital biological functions. The crescent interest in spatial exploration has opened the question of how exactly these changes in gravity would affect Earth life forms on space environments. This work is the result of a collaborative co-supervision of a master thesis between experts in the area of space sciences and biology, and it can serve as a case study for training experts in such interdisciplinary environments. In particular, we focus on the effect of gravity as a pressure factor in the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in the larval stage as a model organism using up-to-date (genomic and epigenetic) techniques. Given the high cost of any experiment in true low gravity (which would require a space launch), we performed an initial experiment in hypergravity to develop the methodologies and identify good (epi)genetic markers of the effect of gravity in our model organism. Previous studies in zebrafish have shown how alteration in gravity effects the development and the gene expression of important regulatory genes. For this study, we firstly customized a small laboratory scale centrifuge to study changes in fish physiology together with changes at molecular levels. We exposed zebrafish larvae from 0 to 6 days post fertilization to the simulated hypergravity (SHG) (100 rpm  3g). After 6 days of hypergravity exposition the larvae showed changes in their swimming and flotation patterns, and presented corporal alterations. Then, we assessed gene expression of genes implicated in important biological processes, (e.g., epigenetics), and an upregulation were observed when compared to the control. Taken together, these preliminary findings show how gravity alterations could affect some basic biological responses, and illustrate the potential of developing new science cases to be developed by students at postgraduate level (MSc and beyond) in a multidisciplinary environment

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Kurowska, Krystyna, Hubert Kryszk et Ewa Kietlinska. « The Use of Gravity Model in Spatial Planning ». Dans Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.109.

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The GIS tools facilitate organised and formal creation of models presenting both the current state of and the forecasted changes in physical environment (ones that will occur if specific conditions are satisfied). Formulated in 1962, D. L. Huff’s algorithm is gaining in popularity nowadays; it helps determine the probability of a particular venue being chosen from amongst several competitive ones. Initially, it was used to define the optimal location of new points of sale; but with the technological progress of the GIS and with an increased demand for studies on distribution of venues or service points, its scope of use in urban planning is becoming more and more extensive. The results of the study support decision-making processes and are invaluable help in selection of optimal locations. This article presents how Huff’s algorithm and Lakshmanan-Hansen’s channel pass-through model can be used in physical planning of cities with the focus on new trade centres. The research was based on the case study of Warsaw – the biggest city in Poland. The analysis conducted showed not only what market share particular centres had, but it also demonstrated what changes could be expected upon appearance of new trade centres.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Gravity changes"

Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan, Arevik, et Jules Hugot. Gravity-Based Tools for Assessing the Impact of Tariff Changes. Asian Development Bank, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220053-2.

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The first tool estimates the impact on bilateral trade for 5,020 products in a partial equilibrium framework. The second quantifies the general equilibrium impact on bilateral aggregate trade, allowing estimates of trade reallocation and welfare changes. The paper uses these to estimate the impact for Armenia of tariff changes including (i) alignment with the external tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union, (ii) free trade agreements between the Eurasian Economic Union and other economies—Iran and the People’s Republic of China, and (iii) loss of beneficiary status for the European Union’s Generalised Scheme of Preferences.

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Crowley, J. W. Monitoring groundwater changes in southern Ontario using GRACE satellite gravity measurements. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/313577.

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Doan, Brandon, Michael Brothers, Mary Terry, Rebecca McLean, Eric Kozlowski et Al Wile. Comparison of Wired and Wireless Bio-Electrical Impedance Fluid Status Monitoring Devices and Validation to Body Mass and Urine Specific Gravity Changes Following Mild Dehydration. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada477670.

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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter B. Kaufman, Shimon Meir et Abraham H. Halevy. Inhibition of the Gravitropic Shoot Bending in Stored Cut Flowers Through Control of Their Graviperception : Involvement of the Cytoskeleton and Cytosolic Calcium. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586533.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to study the mechanism involved in shoot graviperception and early transduction, in order to determine the sequence of events operating in this process. This will enable to control the entire process of gravity-induced differential growth without affecting vertical growth processes essential for development. Thus, several new postulated interactions, operating at the perception and early transduction stages of the signaling cascade leading to auxin-mediated bending, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon spikes and oat shoot pulvini, according to the following research goals: 1) Establish the role of amyloplasts as gravireceptors in shoots; 2) Investigate gravity-induced changes in the integrity of shoot actin cytoskeleton (CK); 3) Study the cellular interactions among actin CK, statoliths and cell membranes (endoplasmic reticulum - ER, plasma membrane - PM) during shoot graviperception; 4) Examine mediation of graviperception by modulations of cytosolic calcium - [Ca2+]cyt, and other second messengers (protein phosphorylation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate - IP3). Revisions: 1) Model system: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) spikes and oat (Avena sativa) shoot pulvini, the model system of maize (Zea mays) primary roots was targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for graviperception. 2) Research topic: brassinolide, which were not included in the original plan, were examined for their regulatory role in gravity perception and signal transduction in roots, in relation to auxin and ethylene. Background to the topic: The negative gravitropic response of shoots is a complex multi-step process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel. Most of the long-lasting studies regarding the link between graviperception and cellular components were focused mainly on roots, and there are relatively few reports on shoot graviperception. Our previous project has successfully characterized several key events occurring during shoot bending of cut flowers and oat pulvini, including amyloplast displacement, hormonal interactions and differential growth analysis. Based on this evidence, the present project has focused on studying the initial graviperception process in flowering stems and cereal shoots. Major conclusions and achievements: 1) The actin and not the microtubule (MT) CK is involved in the graviperception of snapdragon shoots. 2) Gravisensing, exhibited by amyloplast displacement, and early transduction events (auxin redistribution) in the gravitropic response of snapdragon spikes are mediated by the acto-myosin complex. 3) MTs are involved in stem directional growth, which occurs during gravitropism of cut snapdragon spikes, but they are not necessary for the gravity-induced differential growth. 4) The role of amyloplasts as gravisensors in the shoot endodermis was demonstrated for both plant systems. 5) A gravity-induced increase in IP.

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Malchenko, Svitlana L., Davyd V. Mykoliuk et Arnold E. Kiv. Using interactive technologies to study the evolution of stars in astronomy classes. [б. в.], février 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3752.

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In astrophysics, a significant role is played by observations. During astronomy classes in the absence of surveillance tools interactive programmes such as an interactive programme for space objects simulation can be used as Universe Sandbox2. The aim of this work is to implement interactive programmes for effective astronomy teaching, understanding material and increasing cognitive interest. We observe the evolution of stars while using Universe Sandbox2 during the study of the topic “Evolution of stars”. Using this programme students have an opportunity to get acquainted with the existence of stars with different masses, their differences, to observe changes in the physical characteristics of stars such as: mass, temperature, speed velocity, luminosity, radius and gravity. It will help to develop the ability to analyze, to compare, to form scientific worldview, to develop the attraction for research, to raise the interest for studying astronomy.

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Massotti, Luca, Günther March et Ilias Daras. Next Generation Gravity Mission as a Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) Mission Requirements Document. Sous la direction de Roger Haagmans et Lucia Tsaoussi. European Space Agency, octobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.nasa.magic-mrd.2020.

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MAGIC is the joint NASA/ESA constellation concept based on NASA’s Mass Change Designated Observable (MCDO) and ESA’s Next Generation Gravity Missions (NGGM) studies. The main objective of MAGIC is to extend the mass transport time series of previous gravity missions such as GRACE and GRACE-FO with significantly enhanced accuracy, spatial and temporal resolutions and to demonstrate the operational capabilities of MAGIC with the goal of answering global user community needs to the greatest possible extent. This document defines unambiguous and traceable requirements for preparing and developing MAGIC. The scope of the MAGIC Mission Requirement Document includes end-to-end Earth observation system including user/scientific requirements, mission operations, data product development and processing, data distribution and data archiving. The intention of the document is also to accommodate results from NASA MCDO study, ESA Phase-0 NGGM and other national studies on future gravity missions. The MAGIC MRD is a NASA/ESA reference document frozen in its current version 1.0 that defines the mission requirements achievable by an optimised two-pair Bender-type constellation of a future implementation. Subsequent ESA and NASA official documents of updated implementation baseline will be traceable to the MAGIC MRD.

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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir et Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.

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Lambert, A., J. O. Liard et A. Mainville. Vertical movement and gravity change near the La Grande-2 Reservoir, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/8934.

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Russell, H. A. J., et S. K. Frey. Canada One Water : integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.

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Canada 1 Water is a 3-year governmental multi-department-private-sector-academic collaboration to model the groundwater-surface-water of Canada coupled with historic climate and climate scenario input. To address this challenge continental Canada has been allocated to one of 6 large watershed basins of approximately two million km2. The model domains are based on natural watershed boundaries and include approximately 1 million km2 of the United States. In year one (2020-2021) data assembly and validation of some 20 datasets (layers) is the focus of work along with conceptual model development. To support analysis of the entire water balance the modelling framework consists of three distinct components and modelling software. Land Surface modelling with the Community Land Model will support information needed for both the regional climate modelling using the Weather Research & Forecasting model (WRF), and input to HydroGeoSphere for groundwater-surface-water modelling. The inclusion of the transboundary watersheds will provide a first time assessment of water resources in this critical international domain. Modelling is also being integrated with Remote Sensing datasets, notably the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). GRACE supports regional scale watershed analysis of total water flux. GRACE along with terrestrial time-series data will serve provide validation datasets for model results to ensure that the final project outputs are representative and reliable. The project has an active engagement and collaborative effort underway to try and maximize the long-term benefit of the framework. Much of the supporting model datasets will be published under open access licence to support broad usage and integration.

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Schmidt, Mark. Dynamics and variability of POC burial in depocenters of the North Sea (Skagerrak), Cruise No. AL561, 2.08.2021 – 13.08.2021, Kiel – Kiel, APOC. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al561.

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The AL561 cruise was conducted in the framework of the project APOC (“Anthropogenic impacts on Particulate Organic Carbon cycling in the North Sea”). This collaborative project between GEOMAR, AWI, HEREON, UHH, and BUND is to understand how particulate organic carbon (POC) cycling contributes to carbon sequestration in the North Sea and how this ecosystem service is compromised and interlinked with global change and a range of human pressures include fisheries (pelagic fisheries, bottom trawling), resource extraction (sand mining), sediment management (dredging and disposal of dredged sediments) and eutrophication. The main aim of the sampling activity during AL561 cruise was to recover undisturbed sediment from high accumulation sites in the Skagerrak/Kattegat and to subsample sediment/porewater at high resolution in order to investigate sedimentation transport processes, origin of sediment/POC and mineralization processes over the last 100- 200 years. Moreover, the actual processes of sedimentation and POC degradation in the water column and benthic layer will be addressed by sampling with CTD and Lander devices. In total 9 hydroacoustic surveys (59 profiles), 4 Gravity Corer, 7 Multicorer, 3 Lander and 4 CTD stations were successfully conducted during the AL561 cruise. - (Alkor-Berichte ; AL561)

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