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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Granuli aerobici »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Granuli aerobici"

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Grgas, Dijana, Tibela Landeka Dragičević, Anita Štrkalj, Andrijana Brozinčević, Adelina Ladavac, Tea Štefanac et Mirjana Galant. « Aerobni granulirani mulj u obradi otpadnih voda ». Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam 16, no 1-2 (1 juin 2021) : 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31895/hcptbn.16.1-2.3.

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Aerobni granulirani mulj (AGS, engl. Aerobic Granular Sludge) predstavlja obećavajuću tehnologiju u obradi otpadnih voda kućanstva i industrije. Aerobne granule su samoimobilizirane mikrobne nakupine, bez nosača, a karakterizira ih kompaktna gusta struktura, visoko zadržavanje biomase, visoka učinkovitost uklanjanja onečišćenja i svojstvo brzog taloženja. Na formiranje i stabilnost aerobnog granuliranog mulja utječu brojni čimbenici, poput koncentracija otopljenog kisika, vrijeme prozračivanja, vrsta izvora ugljika, sile smicanja, period gladovanja, vrijeme taloženja. Zbog slojevite strukture granule, sa vanjskim aerobnim slojem i anoksičnim i anaerobnim zonama prema središtu granule, moguće je istovremeno uklanjanje C, N i P. AGS tehnologija ima potencijal smanjenja infrastrukture i operativnih troškova pročišćavanja otpadnih voda. Ovaj rad daje pregled najnovijih spoznaja iz literature o mehanizmu granulacije i svojstvima aerobnih granula.
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Etterer, T., et P. A. Wilderer. « Generation and properties of aerobic granular sludge ». Water Science and Technology 43, no 3 (1 février 2001) : 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0114.

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A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to investigate the generation of different granules cultured under aerobic and alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions. The reactor was fed with synthetic wastewater. A substrate loading rate of 3.6 kg COD/ (m3 day) was applied. Granules of heterotrophic microorganisms were formed. After the first experimental period of 8 weeks the average granule diameter was 3.2 mm. In the second period, alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions were applied to form granular sludge with an average diameter of 3.0 mm. An isopycnic centrifugation procedure was used to determine the characteristic density of the aerobic granular sludge. The average density of the granular sludge was 1.044 g/ml and 1.048 g/ml, respectively. In free-settling tests the final settling velocity of single aggregates was examined to estimate porosity. Settling velocities up to 2.0 cm/s could be measured. Calculations based on the experimental results showed an average granula porosity of 72% for the first run and 65% average porosity for the second run. This paper indicates the validity of general assumptions in free-settling tests.
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Liu, Lin, Da-Wen Gao et Hong Liang. « Effect of sludge discharge positions on steady-state aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) ». Water Science and Technology 66, no 8 (1 octobre 2012) : 1722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.339.

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We have investigated the effect of sludge discharge location on the steady-state aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Two SBRs were operated concurrently with the same sludge retention time using sludge discharge ports at: (a) the reactor bottom in R1; and (b) the reactor middle-lower level in R2. Results indicate that both reactors could maintain sludge granulation and stable operation, but the two different sludge discharge methods resulted in significantly different aerobic granule characteristics. Over 30 days, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of the two reactors was maintained at similar levels (above 96%), and typical bioflocs were not observed. The average aerobic granule size in R2 was twice that in R1, as settling velocity increased in proportion to size increment. Meanwhile, the production yields of polysaccharide and protein content in R2 were always higher than those in R1. However, due to mass transfer limitations and the presence of anaerobes in the aerobic granule cores, larger granules had a tendency to disintegrate in R2. Thus, we conclude that a sludge discharge port situated at the reactor bottom is beneficial for aerobic granule stability, and enhances the potential for long-term aerobic granule SBR operation.
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de Kreuk, M., et L. de Bruin. « Aerobic Granule Reactor Technology ». Water Intelligence Online 4 (30 décembre 2015) : 9781780402901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780402901.

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Bathe, S., M. de Kreuk, B. McSwain et N. Schwarzenbeck. « Aerobic Granular Sludge ». Water Intelligence Online 6 (30 décembre 2015) : 9781780402055. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780402055.

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Han, Fei, Mengru Zhang, Zhe Liu, Yufei Han, Qian Li et Weizhi Zhou. « Enhancing robustness of halophilic aerobic granule sludge by granular activated carbon at decreasing temperature ». Chemosphere 292 (avril 2022) : 133507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133507.

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Stes, Hannah, Sven Aerts, Michel Caluwé, Thomas Dobbeleers, Sander Wuyts, Filip Kiekens, Jolien D'aes, Piet De Langhe et Jan Dries. « Formation of aerobic granular sludge and the influence of the pH on sludge characteristics in a SBR fed with brewery/bottling plant wastewater ». Water Science and Technology 77, no 9 (23 mars 2018) : 2253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.132.

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Abstract A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for 450 days to assess aerobic granule formation when treating brewery/bottling plant wastewater by consistent application of a feast/famine regime. The experiment was divided into three major periods according to the different operational conditions: (I) no pH control and strong fluctuations in organic loading rate (OLR) (1.18 ± 0.25 kgCOD·(m3·day)−1), (II) pH control and aeration control strategy to reduce OLR fluctuations (1.45 ± 0.65 kgCOD·(m3·day)−1) and (III) no pH control and stable OLR (1.42 ± 0.18 kgCOD·(m3·day)−1). Aerobic granule formation was successful after 80 days and maintained during the subsequent 380 days. The aerobic granular sludge was characterized by SVI5 and SVI30 values below 60 mL.g−1 and dominated by granular, dense structures. An oxygen uptake rate based aeration control strategy insured endogenous respiration at the end of the aerobic phase, resulting in stable SBR operation when the influent composition fluctuated. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results show no significant enrichment of Accumulibacter or Competibacter during the granulation process. The 16S rRNA sequencing results indicate enrichment of other, possibly important species during aerobic granule formation while treating brewery wastewaters.
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Seid-mohammadi, Abdolmotaleb, Fatemeh Nouri et Fateme Asadi. « Factors affecting aerobic granule sludge formation in leachate treatment – a systematic review ». Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no 4 (18 novembre 2020) : 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0019.

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AbstractThe biological treatment of landfill leachate due to high concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia, and other toxic compounds is so difficult. One of the leachate treatment technology is the sludge biogranulation, that containing the two aerobic and anaerobic process. The aim of this study was conducted for determining the main factors affecting aerobic granule sludge formation in leachate treatment. In this study, all related papers in international databases were evaluated including Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, Also Open Access Journal Directory from 1990 until 2020 were investigated. The keywords used included Aerobic Granule Sludge (AGS), leachate treatment, Wastewater treatment, Granular Sequential Batch Reactors (GSBR), Formation Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Overall, 2,658 articles were retrieved of which 71 were selected after revising the titles and abstracts. Aerobic granulation has been only lately studied and a limited number of studies have been devoted to identification aspects of the process such as the organic source, and other factor affecting on formation granules. Some factors as shear stress, settling time, and the effluent discharge site have direct effect on the efficiency of aerobic granules reactor and other factors such as divalent metal ions, dissolved oxygen concentration, the ratio of height to diameter of the reactor, temperature affecting on the granulation process. If suitable conditions provide, the aerobic granule sludge process can be useful for leachate treatment.
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Barr, Jeremy J., Andrew E. Cook et Phillip L. Bond. « Granule Formation Mechanisms within an Aerobic Wastewater System for Phosphorus Removal ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no 22 (17 septembre 2010) : 7588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00864-10.

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ABSTRACT Granular sludge is a novel alternative for the treatment of wastewater and offers numerous operational and economic advantages over conventional floccular-sludge systems. The majority of research on granular sludge has focused on optimization of engineering aspects relating to reactor operation with little emphasis on the fundamental microbiology. In this study, we hypothesize two novel mechanisms for granule formation as observed in three laboratory scale sequencing batch reactors operating for biological phosphorus removal and treating two different types of wastewater. During the initial stages of granulation, two distinct granule types (white and yellow) were distinguished within the mixed microbial population. White granules appeared as compact, smooth, dense aggregates dominated by 97.5% “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis,” and yellow granules appeared as loose, rough, irregular aggregates with a mixed microbial population of 12.3% “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” and 57.9% “Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis,” among other bacteria. Microscopy showed white granules as homogeneous microbial aggregates and yellow granules as segregated, microcolony-like aggregates, with phylogenetic analysis suggesting that the granule types are likely not a result of strain-associated differences. The microbial community composition and arrangement suggest different formation mechanisms occur for each granule type. White granules are hypothesized to form by outgrowth from a single microcolony into a granule dominated by one bacterial type, while yellow granules are hypothesized to form via multiple microcolony aggregation into a microcolony-segregated granule with a mixed microbial population. Further understanding and application of these mechanisms and the associated microbial ecology may provide conceptual information benefiting start-up procedures for full-scale granular-sludge reactors.
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Juang, Yu-Chuan, Ay Su, Li-Hsing Fang, Duu-Jong Lee et Juin-Yih Lai. « Fouling with aerobic granule membrane bioreactor ». Water Science and Technology 64, no 9 (1 novembre 2011) : 1870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.139.

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Aerobic granulation (AG) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) are two promising, novel environmental biotechnological processes that draw interest of researchers working in the area of biological wastewater treatment. Membrane fouling in the combined aerobic granular membrane bioreactor (AGMBR) process and the conventional MBR process was investigated in this work. The irreversible fouling on hollow-fibre membranes in both reactors were observed with the multiple staining and confocal laser scanning microscope technique. Following physical and chemical washing, the external fouling layers were mostly removed. However, the biofilms built up in the interior surface of membrane remained and contributed to the irreversible fouling resistance. AGMBR retained most cells with granules, thereby reducing their penetration through membrane and thus the chance to form internal fouling layer. The internal biofilm layer was principally composed of live cells embedded in a matrix of proteins and polysaccharides, with that on AGMBR denser and thicker than that on MBR. Prevention of development of internal biofilm is essential to reduce irreversible fouling of AGMBR and MBR membranes.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Granuli aerobici"

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MALLOCI, EMANUELA. « Applicazione del processo a fanghi aerobici granulari per il trattamento di reflui petrolchimici ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266894.

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Aerobic granular sludge was successfully cultivated in two lab scale Granular sludge Sequencing Batch Reactors (GSBR, A and B) to remove organic matter and nitrogen from two different petrochemical wastewaters (PWs). The aim of this study was to define the best operating conditions (i.e., shear forces, inoculum source, Ca2+ concentration, pH) to achieve complete granulation and satisfactory long-term process performance. One PW was produced by the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and characterized by high concentrations of organic matter, ammonium and toxic substances like cyanides and phenols (IGCC wastewater); the other PW, collected from the equalization tank of the refinery wastewater treatment plant, was a poorly biodegradable mixture of all the refinery discharges which contained, among the others, sulfide, hydrocarbon and low concentrations of COD and ammonium (MS18 wastewater). In order to promote granulation and biomass acclimation during reactors’ start-up, synthetic influents were initially fed to the GSBRs and gradually replaced by real PWs, while a sufficiently high volumetric organic loading rate (vOLR, 3 kgCOD/m3d) was granted by dosing proper amounts of readily degradable organic carbon (sodium acetate, NaAc). Compact and well-settling granules developed into both reactors, which were able to treat 100% MS18 (GSBR-A) and 100% IGCC (GSBR-B) wastewater, showing good process performance in terms of organic matter (TOC) and NH4-N removal efficiencies (GSBR-A, 85% and 75%, respectively; GSBR-B, 94% and 78%, respectively). Mature granules in both GSBRs showed high density (GSBR-A, 58 gTSS/Lgran; GSBR-B, 65 gTSS/Lgran) leading to good solid-liquid separation (GSBR-A, SVI8, 39 mL/gTSS; GSBR-B, SVI8, 10 mL/gTSS) and high biomass retention (GSBR-A, 7,5 gVSS/L; GSBR-B, 4,7 gVSS/L). Although a slight inhibition occurred as the PW fraction in the synthetic influents was progressively increased, granular biomass always showed a quick recovery. As the synthetic influents were completely replaced by PWs, the supply of NaAc was progressively reduced and finally suspended in order to minimize the operating costs (the corresponding vOLR was reduced to 0,71 kgCOD/m3d and 1,15 kgCOD/m3d in GSBR-A and GSBR-B, respectively). However, both GSBRs maintained satisfactory process performance and their ability to withstand toxic substances contained in PWs. The results achieved in this study indicate that the aerobic granular sludge technology may be considered as a valid option for the treatment of petrochemical wastewaters, alone (GSBR-A) or in combination (GSBR-B) with conventional systems.
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Woolley, Sylvia. « Aerobic granular biomass using municipal primary effluent : a comparative monitoring study ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63114.

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The full abstract for this thesis is available in the body of the thesis, and will be available when the embargo expires.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Li, Yun, et 李贇. « Formation and stability of aerobic granular sludge in biological wastewater treatment ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197519.

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Aerobic sludge granulation is a new technology that has been developed for biological wastewater treatment. Compared with conventional activated sludge, aerobic granules allow better sludge-water separation and a higher biomass concentration. However, the mechanism of the transformation from sludge flocs to granular sludge under the aerobic condition is still unclear. Deterioration of aerobic granules in long-term operation is also a concern for its scale-up application. The present study was conducted to investigate the crucial factors for aerobic granulation and its underlying mechanism. In addition, the stability of aerobic granules under unfavorable conditions and the recovery of deteriorated granules in bioreactors were also studied. For formation of aerobic granules, gelation-facilitated biofilm growth was proposed as a new mechanism for the granulation process. Simulation of granule formation was performed in a well-controlled chemical system to provide an experimental proof for the proposed aerobic granulation theory. Granule formation was achieved in a particle suspension with latex microspheres for bacterial cells and alginate and peptone for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), together with the cation addition and floc discharge. In the mixture with the dosing of alginate and a small amount of peptone, artificial gels and granules could be well formed, and the artificial granules share the similar micro-structure as the aerobic bacterial granules. However, as the dose of peptone increased, gels were not formed and only large particle flocs were produced. The formation of artificial granules proves that effective EPS interactions with cations and the subsequent gelation are crucial to aerobic granulation in bioreactors. In relation to granulation, the effect of the substrate feeding pattern on the microbial yield was tested. The results show that the bioreactor with a more frequent substrate feeding interval had a lower sludge yield than the reactor (0.45 vs. 0.55) with a less frequent feeding. The sludge fed less frequently was able to store more substrates as intracellular substances, resulting in more biomass growth. Moreover, a long feeding interval would force the biomass into the feast-famine regime, which was found to enhance microbial growth and granulation, producing granules with a compact and stable structure. For the stability of aerobic granules, various factors that would been countered in biological wastewater treatment were experimented. The results show that granules deteriorated in structure under unfavorable conditions, such as a low solution pH (pH~6.0), a high loading rate, and feed of starch instead of glucose into the bioreactors. In some deterioration cases, filamentous bacterial growth became more dominant and the granules became loose and fluffy flocs. Compared to mature granules, fresh granules were less stable and more vulnerable to the unfavorable conditions. As the granules deteriorated in structure, their surface roughness values increased considerably from 35 or less to more than 230. Under a favorable condition with a feed of sodium acetate, the deteriorated granules could be recovered in some reactors. However, deterioration of the granules caused by filamentous growth at a low pH or high loading rate could hardly be recovered.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Morais, Ismarley Lage Horta. « Biological treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents with aerobic granular sludge ». Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9372.

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O tratamento de águas residuárias com lodo aeróbio granular apresenta muitas vantagens em comparação ao processo convencional de lodos ativados com lodo floculento. Os grânulos são agregados microbianos densos e compactos que possibilitam uma maior retenção de biomassa no reator biológico e uma elevada capacidade de sedimentação, favorecendo a remoção biológica de matéria orgânica, nutrientes, compostos tóxicos e clarificação final do efluente devido à estrutura e propriedade de sedimentação do lodo. Estes benefícios resultaram em um aumento do interesse de implantação do processo de tratamento com lodo aeróbio granular e a busca de maiores informações à respeito da formação, estabilidade e a influência dos parâmetros operacionais sobre a granulação. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica com a compilação das informações recentes sobre o lodo aeróbio granular incluindo a possibilidade de utilização dos grânulos aeróbios em biorreatores a membrana, em elevadas temperaturas e as aplicações em plantas de tratamento de larga escala. Foi realizada, ainda, a avaliação da adição de 100 mg.L-1 e 200mg.L-1 de cálcio na estabilidade, resistência mecânica e diâmetro dos grânulos formados em reatores em batelada sequencial alimentados com efluente de uma fábrica de polpa celulósica kraft. Os reatores apresentaram eficiências similares de remoção de matéria orgânica e o diâmetro médio dos grânulos foi de cerca de 11 mm em todos os reatores, embora os grânulos formados no reator que recebeu 100 mg.L-1 de Ca2+ apresentou velocidade de sedimentação 36% superior aos demais e maior resistência mecânica. A melhoria da granulação pode ser obtida ainda pela seleção de microrganismos que contribuem para a formação dos agregados. A produção de substâncias poliméricas extracelulares (SPE) pelas bactérias é um dos fatores que influencia a agregação celular, uma vez que as SPE agem como agente cimentante e atuam na adesão entre as células. A produção de SPE de dezenove isolados microbianos, obtidos de grânulos aeróbios formados no tratamento de efluente de fábrica de papel reciclado foi avaliada e seis isolados dos gêneros Staphylococcus, Agrobacterium, Enterobacter e Rhodococcus melhoraram a granulação biológica. A ausência destes isolados nos testes de co-agregação reduziu a relação entre proteínas e polissacarídeos (relação PN/PS) e diminuiu a formação de agregados.
Aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment has many advantages over the conventional activated sludge process. The granules are dense and compact microbial aggregates that allow a higher biomass retention in the biological reactor and a high settling velocity, favoring the biological removal of organic matter, nutrients, toxic substances and improves wastewater clarification. Due to the sludge structure and settleability, these benefits have attracted considerable interest in the implementation of the aerobic granular sludge process and givenrise to the need for better understanding of the formation, stability and influence of the operational parameters on the granulation. Thus, this work was divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 presents a review of recent developments on aerobic granular sludge including the possibility of using aerobic granules in membrane bioreactors, at high temperatures and for a full-scale implementation. The addition of divalent cations in the reactors can enhance granulation and granule stability. In Chapter 2, the effect of the addition of 100 mg.L-1 and 200 mg.L- of calcium in the stability, mechanical strength and diameter of the granules formed in sequential batch reactors (SBR) fed with pulp mill effluent was evaluated. The reactors showed similar organic matter removal efficiencies and granule size was approximately 11 mm in all SBR, although the granules formed in the reactor with addition of 100 mg.L- of Ca2+ had a settling velocity 36% higher and greater mechanical resistance than the others. Granulation can also be enhanced by the selection of microorganisms that contribute to the aggregates formation. Bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production is one factor that contributes to cell aggregation, since EPS acts as an intercellular cement that may reinforce cohesion inside the bacterial clusters. In Chapter 3, EPS production of nineteen microbial isolates obtained from aerobic granules formed in the recycled paper wastewater treatment was evaluated and six isolates of the genera Staphylococcus, Agrobacterium, Enterobacter and Rhodococcus contributed to biological granulation. The absence of these isolates in the co-aggregation tests reduced the protein-polysaccharide ratio (PN / PS ratio) and reduced the aggregates formation.
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Lashkarizadeh, Monireh. « Operating pH and feed composition as factors affecting stability of aerobic granular sludge ». Taylor & ; Francis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30304.

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In this study the stability and nutrient removal performance of aerobic granules under variable operating pH and variable growth medium was investigated. The results indicated that alkaline pH (pH=9) inhibited nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Moreover, high pH induced granules breakage and resulted in an increased biomass concentration in the effluent. On the other hand, acidic pH (pH=6) did not have significant impacts on stability and nutrient removal efficiency of granules. Changing the growth medium from acetate-based wastewater to municipal wastewater resulted in loss of biological phosphorus removal while ammonium and COD removal stayed the same. The granules disintegrated during the first two weeks after changing the feed; re-granulation of the biomass was observed after the acclimation of bacteria to the new growth medium. However, the granules breakage did not exert significant impact on settling property of biomass.
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Kent, Timothy Robert. « Mechanistic Understanding of the NOB Suppression by Free Ammonia Inhibition in Continuous Flow Aerobic Granulation Bioreactors ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87706.

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A partial nitritation-anammox continuous flow reactor (CFR) was operated for eight months demonstrating that a mixture of large anammox-supported aerobic granules (ASAGs) and small conventional aerobic granules (CAGs) can be maintained stably for extended periods of time. The influent NH4+ was kept at 50 - 60 mg N L-1 to verify that the upper range of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) for domestic wastewater can supply an inhibitory level of free ammonia (FA) for nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression in CFRs at pH around 7.8. The ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB):NOB activity ratio was determined for a series of granule sizes to understand the impact of mass diffusion limitation on the FA inhibition of NOB. When dissolved oxygen (DO) limitation is the only mechanism for NOB suppression, the AOB:NOB ratio was usually found in previous studies to increase with the granule size. However, the trend is reversed when FA has an inhibitory effect on NOB, as was observed in this study. The decrease in AOB:NOB ratio indicates that the resistance to the diffusion of FA along the granule radius limited its ability to inhibit NOB. This means smaller granules, e.g. diameter < 150 microns, are preferred for nitrite accumulation when high FA is present, e.g. in the partial nitritation-anammox process. The trend was further verified by observing the increase in the apparent inhibition coefficient, KI,FAapp, as granule size increased. This study for the first time quantified the effect of diffusion limitation on the KI,FAapp of NOB in granules and biofilms. A mathematical model was then utilized to interpret the observed suppression of NOB. The model predicted that NOB suppression was only complete at the granule surface. The NOB that did survive in larger granules was forced to dwell within the granule interior, where the FA concentration was lower than that in the bulk solution. This means FA inhibition can be taken advantage of as an effective means for NOB suppression in small granules and thin biofilms. Further, FA and DO were found to be both required for the stratification of AOB and NOB in partial nitritation-anammox CFRs. The structural stratification commonly observed in granules is then concluded to be a consequence but not a cause of the NOB suppression.
MS
A partial nitritation-anammox continuous flow reactor (CFR) was operated for eight months demonstrating that granular sludge can be maintained stably for extended periods of time. In this approach, NH3 is only partially converted to NO2 - (partial nitritation), and the conversion to NO3 - is prevented by the suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). NH3 and NO2 - are then utilized by anammox bacteria to create N2 gas. The influent NH4 + fed to the reactor was kept at 50 to 60 mg N L-1 to verify that the upper range of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) for domestic wastewater can supply a sufficiently high level of free ammonia (FA) to inhibit NOB growth in CFRs at a pH around 7.8. It is expected that the penetration of a substrate into granule sludge will experience diffusional resistance as it moves from water to denser solid material and is consumed by bacteria. The ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB):NOB activity ratio was determined for a series of granule sizes to understand the impact of mass diffusion limitation on the FA inhibition of NOB. When dissolved oxygen (DO) limitation is the only mechanism for NOB suppression, the AOB:NOB ratio was usually found in previous studies to increase with the granule size. However, the trend is reversed when FA has an inhibitory effect on NOB, as was observed in this study. The decrease in AOB:NOB ratio indicates that the resistance to the diffusion of FA, which increases with increasing granule size, along the granule radius limited its ability to inhibit NOB. This means smaller granules, e.g. diameter < 150 µm, are preferred for NO2 - accumulation when high FA is present. The trend was further verified by observing the increase in the apparent inhibition coefficient, KI,FAapp, as granule size increased. This coefficient quantifies the effectiveness of an inhibitor, with larger values indicating weaker inhibition. This study for the first time quantified the effect of diffusion limitation on the KI,FAapp of NOB in granules and biofilms. A mathematical model was then utilized to interpret the observed suppression of NOB. The model predicted that NOB suppression was only complete at the granule surface. The NOB that did survive in larger granules was forced to dwell within the granule interior, where the FA concentration was lower than that in the bulk solution. This means FA inhibition can be taken advantage of as an effective means for NOB suppression in small granules and thin biofilms. Further, FA and DO were found to be both required for the stratification of a layer of AOB at the surface over a layer of NOB in partial nitritation-anammox CFRs. The structural stratification commonly observed in granules is then concluded to be a consequence but not a cause of the NOB suppression.
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Williams, Yasheemah. « Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using an expanded granular sludge bed anaerobic digester coupled with anoxic/aerobic hybrid side stream ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2758.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
For more than a decade, poultry product consumption increased in developed and developing countries, with more than 470 new slaughterhouses being constructed in South Africa (SA). Customer demand for poultry products resulted in a rapidly growing poultry industry, with consequential increases in the quantity of organic solid and liquid waste being produced from the poultry slaughterhouses. Annually, the productivity and profitability within the livestock production sector has increased, an evaluation based on the number of slaughtered and sold animals. Potable water is required for these animals, resulting in the generation of high strength wastewaters. Instantaneous disposal of such wastewaters into the environment is concerning as it results in odour and the spreading of diseases in local rivers and freshwater sources. The generated poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) contains a high quantity of biodegradable organic, suspended and colloidal matter in the form of proteins, fats, oil and grease (FOG), protein from meat, blood, skin, and feathers, resulting in high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), which can contribute to environmental deterioration if not treated adequately before discharge. On average, PSW contains a high concentration of BOD, COD, nitrogen, pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses, bacteria and parasites, including their eggs. These characteristics make PSW highly polluted with a large quantity of bird carcass debris including FOG. Due to the high concentration of organic matter and suspended solids in the wastewater, it is necessary to pre-treat the PSW prior to sequential anaerobic treatment. Most of the contaminants present in the PSW can be reduced by means of numerous treatment steps, i.e. physical, chemical and biological treatment. For this study, biological treatment methods, physical separation methods, and a membrane bioreactor system, were used to treat PSW. The biological treatment methods used were an anaerobic digester (AD) followed by a single stage nitrification/denitrification reactor and then a third stage in which an ultrafiltration (UF) and Microfiltration (MF) membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used. The AD used was an Expanded Granular sludge Bed Reactor (EGSB) as anaerobic digestion is one of the most effective biological wastewater treatment methods used, as it reduces the organic matter to even produce biogas as a renewable energy source. The basis of anaerobic treatment method relies on suitable bacteria cultivated in the absence of dissolved oxygen, facilitating decomposition of organic matter into a renewable source such as biogas. Similarly, biological nitrification/denitrification processes for the removal of total nitrogen (TN) in wastewater has become one of the most commonly used processes within the wastewater treatment sector. Nitrification and denitrification processes can be performed by some microorganisms within the wastewater in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) The PSW used was collected at different times from a local poultry slaughterhouse in the Western Cape (South Africa) and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C until it was fed to the first stage of the treatment which was the EGSB. Before being fed to the EGSB, the PSW was filtered with a sieve to remove feathers and agglomerated FOG to avoid clogging of the tubing. The EGSB was inoculated with 0.747 L anaerobic granular sludge, had a working volume of 2.7 L, an inner diameter of 0.065 m and a height of 0.872 m respectively. Ceramic marbles with an average diameter of 0.0157m were placed at the bottom of the bioreactor as packing for the underdrain and to maintain the granular sludge within the heated section of the bioreactor. The EGSB was fed with three types of PSW: 50% (v/v), 70% (v/v), which was diluted with distilled water. Thereafter once the system stabilised the reactor was fed with undiluted PSW (100%). Each dilution was operated at different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRTs) and Organic Loading Rates (OLRs), with average HRTs used being 62.5, 57.5 and 49.65 h. Furthermore, the average OLRs were 1, 2 and 3 g tCOD/L.day respectively. The performance of the EGSB was determined using tCOD, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and FOG, with overall averaged removal rates for these constituents being 69%, 98% and 92% respectively. The highest tCOD removal of 93 % (optimal efficiency) was obtained at an average HRT of 57.5 h with a corresponding average OLR of 2 g tCOD/L.day.
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Henriques, Justine. « Scale-up d'un procédé continu aérobie à lit fluidisé granulaire pour le traitement des effluents ». Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0021.

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Pour faire face à des réglementations de plus en plus contraignantes, des procédés compacts et performants doivent être développés pour assurer un traitement des effluents efficace et pérenne. La technologie des boues granulaires aérobies permet de coupler productivité et compacité pour autant qu’elle soit maîtrisée. La formation des granules implique des conditions opératoires définies principalement dans des réacteurs discontinus. Afin d’améliorer la capacité de traitement, ce travail a pour objectif de proposer des conditions opératoires permettant l’utilisation des boues granulaires aérobies dans un réacteur en régime continu. Pour cela, la technique de granulation de l’écosystème est contrôlée par l’optimisation du fonctionnement d’un réacteur de laboratoire fonctionnant en discontinu (mode transitoire) puis la procédure obtenue est transposée à une taille de réacteur plus importante. Cette étude montre que la charge massique, le cisaillement et la pression de sélection des boues conditionnent la formation des granules et leurs propriétés. Le fonctionnement du réacteur en régime continu a ensuite été étudié. Il est montré que la structure granulaire a pu être maintenue tout en augmentant l’efficacité du procédé, tout paramètre équivalent par ailleurs (capacité de traitement doublée pour le réacteur continu). In fine, le système a été testé avec un effluent industriel. Un logiciel industriel a été utilisé afin de représenter pour l’optimiser le fonctionnement d’un réacteur fluidisé granulaire tel qu’obtenu expérimentalement. Si le module proposé dans ce logiciel a montré ses limites pour simuler un régime SBR, le modèle MBBR , bien que ne considérant pas la granule dans son ensemble, semble être adéquat pour représenter le fonctionnement en continu. L’utilisation des boues granulaires dans un réacteur continu est une technologie prometteuse mais nécessite des investigations sur son fonctionnement à long terme et sa modélisation
Due to more stringent regulations, wastewater processes need to be more compact and effective. The utilization of aerobic granular sludge conjugates compactness and productivity with the control of the operational. Granulation, which need specific conditions, are mostly operated in batch reactors. To improve the capacity of treatment, this study investigates process conditions for an optimal operation for a continuous reactor working with aerobic granular sludge. First of all, granulation technique is optimized in a laboratory batch reactor (SBR) and results reveal that food to microorganism ratio, shear and selection pressure applied influence pellets’ formation and their properties. Then, this optimized method is successfully scaled-up. After that, the utilization of granules in continuous is studied and this mode increases the reactor capacity while the granular structure is maintained. The utilization of an industrial influent shows reserved results. A commercial software was used to simulate experimental results obtained for a fluidized reactor using pellets. The model, proposed by the software, shows inconsistencies in batch mode. The MBBR model seems more appropriate to simulate continuous mode although the whole pellet is not considered. So, the utilization of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous reactor is a promising technology but further research is needed in the long term operation and its modeling
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Manas, Llamas Angela. « Immobilisation du phosphore par précipitation induite dans un procédé aérobie à biomasse granulaire ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0122/document.

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Depuis une dizaine d'années, les procédés de granulation aérobie sont apparus comme une technologie prometteuse pour le traitement des effluents fortement chargés en azote, phosphore et carbone, tels que ceux issus de l'agro-industrie. La complexité microbienne de ces granules et les mécanismes qui leur donnent des propriétés exceptionnelles de décantation et de cohésion, constituent encore des axes de recherche importants. Dans cette thèse, le travail s'est axé sur un mécanisme encore non étudié : les processus de précipitation des phosphates au cœur des granules microbiennes. Différentes techniques d'analyses spectrales, parfois adaptés pour la première fois à ce type de systèmes, comme la spectroscopie Raman, ont permis de caractériser la nature de ces minéraux formés au cœur des granules. L'analyse menée sur des réacteurs de laboratoires a démontré la présence des phosphates de calcium sous forme d'hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)]. Cette précipitation est potentiellement induite par les variations locales de pH et de sursaturation provoqués par les réactions microbiennes à l'intérieur des granules. L'étude des phénomènes de biominéralisation à été étendu aux granules anaérobies issus des réacteurs de type UASB de l'industrie laitière. Un modèle physico-chimique sur les processus de précipitation sous forme matriciel sur AQUASIM®, couplé avec des bases de calcul de sursaturation (PHREEQC®), ont permis d'avancer des hypothèses sur les mécanismes influençant ces processus de biominéralisation, tels que la formation d'un précurseur amorphe de l'hydroxyapatite (ACP), ainsi que d'identifier les constantes de précipitation thermodynamiques (pKsp|20ºC=28.07±0.58) et cinétiques dans différentes conditions opératoires. Grâce au suivi d'un système biologique GSBR (Granular Sludge Sequenced Batch Reactor) pendant plus de 900 jours, la contribution de ce phénomène aux processus de déphosphatation a été estimé (46% dans les conditions testées). L'utilisation de ce processus pour immobiliser efficacement le phosphore et apporter des propriétés physiques stables aux granules a été également discutée. Une évaluation des performances et de la stabilité du réacteur à été mis en œuvre en alternant des cycles anoxies/aérobies ou anaérobies/aérobies vis-à-vis d'une future application industrielle. L'induction locale de la précipitation par les variations de pH et par le relargage des phosphates par les réactions microbiennes, nécessite une modélisation appropriée, qui a été également initiée dans cette thèse
Over the last decade, aerobic granulation processes have araised as a promising technology for treating wastewater effluents containing high nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon concentrations. The microbial complexity of granules and the mechanisms by which they acquire excellent settleability properties, still constitute important research goals to investigate. This thesis is focused on a mechanism that has been little addressed in literature, that is, phosphate precipitation in the core of aerobic granules. Different analytical techniques, sometimes adapted for the first time to this type of systems, like Raman spectroscopy, have let an exhaustive characterization of biominerals in the core of granules. Analyses performed on aerobic granules grown with synthetic fed in a lab-scale SBR (Sequential Batch Reactor), revealed a calcium phosphate core made of hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)]. This precipitation phenomenon is induced by local pH and supersaturation gradients issued of biological reactions inside granules. The study of the biomineralization phenomenon has been extended into anaerobic granules coming from UASB reactors at different cheese wastewater treatment plants. A physico-chemical model has been described in a form of matrix with AQUASIM® software, and coupled with a thermodynamic database (PHREEQC®), in an attempt to hypothesize the mechanisms that influence the biomineralization phenomena. It has been proposed the formation of an amorphous precursor (ACP) prior hydroxyapatite precipitation in the core of granules, suggesting the thermodynamic constant (pKsp|20ºC=28.07±0.58) and kinetic constants at different operating conditions. It has been also estimated the contribution of the biomineralization to the overall phosphorus removal process (up to 46% at the operating conditions tested), thanks to the development and study of a GSBR (Granular Sludge Batch Reactor) in labscale, for more than 900 days. The fate of the biomineralization process in granules, regarding the contribution to their stabilization and physical properties, has been also dealt in this thesis. The reactor stability and performances have been assessed by alternating anoxic/aerobic and anaerobic/aerobic cycles, in sights of a future industrial application. The induction of precipitation by local variation of pH and supersaturation issued of biological reactions has been here introduced, although it will need further investigation
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Coma, Bech Marta. « Biological nutrient removal in SBR technology : from floccular to granular sludge ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32025.

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Biological nutrient removal has been studied and applied for decades in order to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. However, more anthropogenic uses and the continued demand for water have forced the facilities to operate at their maximum capacity. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to obtain more compact systems for nutrient removal from domestic wastewater. In this sense, optimization and long-term stabilization of high volume exchange ratios reactors, treating higher volumes of wastewater, have been investigated. With the same target, aerobic granular sludge was proposed as a reliable alternative to reduce space and increase loading rates in treatment plants. However, the low organic loading rate from low-strength influents (less than 1 Kg COD•m-3d-1) results in slower granular formation and a longer time to reach a steady state. Because of that, different methodologies and operational conditions were investigated in order to enhance granulation and nutrient removal from domestic wastewater.
L’estudi de l’eliminació biològica de nutrients s’ha dut a terme durant dècades. Tot i això, la influencia de l’home i l’augment de la demanda d’aigua han forçat a les instal•lacions a treballar a la seva capacitat màxima. Així, l’objectiu de la tesi és obtenir sistemes més compactes per a l’eliminació de nutrients de les aigües residuals. En aquest sentit, s’ha investigat l’optimització i estabilització de reactors amb alts volums d’intercanvi, tractant més aigua. Amb el mateix objectiu, el fang granular aeròbic va ser proposat com una alternativa fiable per tal de reduir l’espai i incrementar les càrregues de les depuradores. Tot i això, la granulació amb influents de baixa càrrega (menors a 1 Kg dQO•m-3d-1) resulta més lenta i més dificultosa alhora d’obtenir l’estat estacionari. Per aquesta raó es van investigar diferents metodologies i condicions d’operació per tal de millorar la granularció i l’eliminació de nutrients de les aigües urbanes.
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Livres sur le sujet "Granuli aerobici"

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Stephan, Bathe, et International Water Association, dir. Aerobic granular sludge. London : IWA Publishing, 2005.

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Ni, Bing-Jie. Formation, characterization and mathematical modeling of the aerobic granular sludge. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31281-6.

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L. M. M. de Bruin et M. K. de Kreuk. Aerobic Granule Reactor Technology. IWA Publishing, 2004.

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Schwarzenbeck, N., M. K. de Kreuk, S. Bathe et B. S. McSwain. Aerobic Granular Sludge. IWA Publishing, 2005.

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Kreuk, M. K., et L. M. M. de Bruin. Aerobic Granule Reactor Technology (Water & Wastewater Practitioner). Stowa, 2004.

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Aerobic Granular Sludge (Water and Environmental Management Series). IWA Publishing, 2007.

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Pathogen Removal in Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Hernàndez, Mary Luz Barrios. Pathogen Removal in Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Hernàndez, Mary Luz Barrios. Pathogen Removal in Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Hernàndez, Mary Luz Barrios. Pathogen Removal in Aerobic Granular Sludge Treatment Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Granuli aerobici"

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Bassin, João Paulo. « Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology ». Dans Advanced Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment, 75–142. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58835-3_4.

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Ni, Bing-Jie, et Han-Qing Yu. « Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology for Wastewater Treatment ». Dans Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies, 429–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118309643.ch14.

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Nancharaiah, Y. V., M. Sarvajith et V. P. Venugopalan. « The EPS Matrix of Aerobic Granular Sludge ». Dans Microbial Biofilms in Bioremediation and Wastewater Treatment, 33–55. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2019] : CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22046-3.

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Rajwar, Jyoti, Divya Joshi, Shilippreet Kour et Prasenjit Debbarma. « Aerobic Granular Technology : Current Perspective and Developments ». Dans Bioremediation of Environmental Pollutants, 253–73. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86169-8_11.

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Barrios Hernández, Mary Luz. « Introduction ». Dans Pathogen removal in aerobic granular sludge treatment systems, 1–12. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231622-1.

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Barrios Hernández, Mary Luz. « Faecal indicators removals in full-scale AGS and CAS systems ». Dans Pathogen removal in aerobic granular sludge treatment systems, 13–34. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231622-2.

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Barrios Hernández, Mary Luz. « Eukaryotic community characterisation by 18s rRNA gene analysis in full-scale systems ». Dans Pathogen removal in aerobic granular sludge treatment systems, 91–112. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231622-5.

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Barrios Hernández, Mary Luz. « Co-treatment of synthetic faecal sludge and wastewater in an AGS system ». Dans Pathogen removal in aerobic granular sludge treatment systems, 61–90. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231622-4.

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Barrios Hernández, Mary Luz. « Outlook and conclusions ». Dans Pathogen removal in aerobic granular sludge treatment systems, 113–18. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231622-6.

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Barrios Hernández, Mary Luz. « Unravelling the removal mechanisms of faecal indicators in AGS Systems ». Dans Pathogen removal in aerobic granular sludge treatment systems, 35–60. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231622-3.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Granuli aerobici"

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Ghosh, Sayanti, et Saswati Chakraborty. « Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-rich wastewater by aerobic granules of oil degrading bacterial strains in salinity influence ». Dans International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.23.

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Granulation of sewage and brewery sludge isolated oil degrader Brevibacterium and Staphylococcus were investigated in hydrocarbon-rich wastewater with 280 mg/L of hydrocarbon at 10-25 g/L NaCl salinity influence. Brevibacterium and Staphylococcus cultures were inoculated in aerobic granular reactors (AGRs) R1 and R2 which were operated with 24 h cycle time and 2 L/min air flow rate. Yellowish matured granules appeared within 15 days. R1 granules achieved stability till 15 g/L NaCl concentration but faced disintegration between 15-20 mg/L NaCl exposure which reduced granule size and hydrocarbon removal from 2.15-1.7 mm and 78-73%. R2 granules were more salt tolerant providing 2.5±0.5 mm granule size with 4±1 g/L volatile suspended solids (VSS) and 201±1 mg/g VSS extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content achieving 81±0.7% hydrocarbon removal in 30 days. High granule stability and biomass concentration ensured less biomass washout from reactors. Granule settling velocity (GSV) in R1 and R2 reached 20±1 and 32±0.8 m/h which corresponded with granule size profiles. Kinetics analysis showed that at steady state, R1 and R2 were capable of 72 and 91% phenol removals in 30 and 24 h, respectively. Hence, the study provided salt tolerant oil degrading granules for refinery wastewater treatment.
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Wang Xin-gang, Lin Ting et Zhang Sheng-ju. « Study on the aerobic granulation and properties of aerobic granules ». Dans 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893323.

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Yulianto, Andik, Prayatni Soewondo, Marissa Handajani et Herto Dwi Ariesyady. « Preliminary study on aerobic granular biomass formation with aerobic continuous flow reactor ». Dans PROCEEDINGS FROM THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4978186.

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Zhu, Lingfeng, Ruqin Gao, Runtao Zhang et Lili Liu. « Research on Aerobic Granular Sludge Disposal Municipal Sewage ». Dans 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517493.

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Boncescu, Corina. « MODELING EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESS WITH AEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE ». Dans 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.2/s20.084.

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Ji, Min, Yanjie Wei, Shan Lu, Fen Wang et Leiluo Cheng. « Characteristics and Stability of Aerobic Granules Treating Domestic Sewage ». Dans 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162490.

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Wei, Moor Jie, et Gobi Kanadasan. « Microbubble aeration impact on polyhydroxyalkanoate production in aerobic granules ». Dans INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY (ISGST2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5126548.

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Dan, Zhou, et Zhao Yonghong. « Study on forming aerobic granular sludge on domestic sewage ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769454.

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Ma, Xingguan, Tieshan Ming et Wendi Xu. « Study about acclimation process of aerobic granular sludge in SBR ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058284.

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Chen, Rui, et Xue-Qi Fu. « Ammonium Nitrogen Wastewater Treatment by Aerobic Granular Sludge Membrane Bioreactor ». Dans 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.371.

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