Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Governi emergenza »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Governi emergenza"
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Nightingale, Andrea J. « The socioenvironmental state : Political authority, subjects, and transformative socionatural change in an uncertain world ». Environment and Planning E : Nature and Space 1, no 4 (décembre 2018) : 688–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848618816467.
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The ‘socioenvironmental state’ conceptualisation probes how contested, shifting, emergent boundaries of the state contain the possibilities for transformative change in the Anthropocene. The paper outlines a research programme capable of addressing the questions: who becomes authorised to govern change, who is required to make changes on the ground, and what subjectivities and pathways emerge in the context of rapid rate change? The conceptualisation unpacks three boundaries: state–society, its socionatural emergence, and the relationships between boundary-making and belonging to address these questions and better account for the successes and failures of attempts at governing an uncertain, rapidly changing world. In this analysis, ‘environmental change’ arises as a stochastic, relational becoming – ecologies and resources are emergent with the social-politics of governing them – suggesting that more analytical attention is required on how ‘environmental challenges’ and their ‘drivers of change’ are conceived and delimited. Together, these theoretical insights help reveal the way that the micro-politics of local resource use and the contradictory acceptance and refusals of authority and subjection are not only products of, but also productive of, larger scale political economies, socionatures, governance, and political struggles. The aim is to contribute towards a re-imagination of political authority that begins to capture the complex interplay between our attempts at governing a changing world and the inadvertent authorisations, inclusions, and exclusions that we produce in those efforts. The paper partially illustrates the conceptual ideas with an account of forestry and climate change in Nepal. In a context wherein programmes to govern resources have become of global concern, probing the implications of these points is crucial. It is not only that states govern resources with particular consequences for ‘environmental change’ or ‘sustainability’, but also that the act of governing resources (re)produces the socioenvironmental boundaries of the state with profound implications for how future transformations can unfold.
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DILLON, MICHAEL. « Governing Terror : The State of Emergency of Biopolitical Emergence ». International Political Sociology 1, no 1 (12 février 2007) : 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2007.00002.x.
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Adey, Peter, Ben Anderson et Stephen Graham. « Introduction : Governing Emergencies : Beyond Exceptionality ». Theory, Culture & ; Society 32, no 2 (27 janvier 2015) : 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276414565719.
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What characterizes emergency today is the proliferation of the term. Any event or situation supposedly has the potential to become an emergency. Emergencies may happen anywhere and at any time. They are not contained within one functional sector or one domain of life. The substantive focus of the articles collected in this special issue reflects this proliferation: they explore ways of governing in, by and through emergencies across different types of emergencies and different domains of life. In response to this proliferation, the issue opens up critical work on the politics of emergency beyond the ‘state of exception’ as dominant paradigm. Emergency is treated as a problem for government that calls for the invention of new techniques or the redeployment of existing techniques. Through this shift in emphasis, the articles in this issue disclose relations between modalities of power and emergency life that differ from the ‘lightening flash’ of a sovereign decision on the exception taken from outside of life, or the capacity to ‘mould’ an always-already emergent life from within life.
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Alves, Mário Aquino, et Marcelo Marchesini da Costa. « The collaboration between governments and civil society organizations in response to emergency situations ». Revista de Administração Pública 54, no 4 (août 2020) : 923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200168x.
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Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 é um exemplo de grande emergência que desafia a administração pública ocasionalmente. A despeito da variedade de eventos dessa natureza, recai sobre o governo, majoritariamente, a responsabilidade pelas ações emergenciais nesses momentos. Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSCs) podem, no entanto, contribuir para uma resposta rápida e adequada a tais ocorrências. Neste artigo, são discutidas as características das OSCs que as habilitam a contribuir para as medidas de emergência adotadas pelos governos. Analisa-se também a possibilidade de ampliação dos arranjos colaborativos entre governos e OSCs.
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Manetti, Michela. « Il governo Monti tra emergenze vere o presunte ». DEMOCRAZIA E DIRITTO, no 1 (octobre 2012) : 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ded2012-001004.
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Nazarov, Azizbek. « History Of The Emergence And Development Of Scientific Societies In The Governor-General Of Turkestan ». American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, no 10 (21 octobre 2020) : 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue10-13.
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Documents providing information on the results of scientific research conducted by scientific societies in Central Asia and adjacent regions are stored in the National Archives of Uzbekistan. Documents from the archives were purposefully used to disclose the content of the article. This article is devoted to the study of the history of scientific societies operating in the Turkestan region in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries and their scientific research in the country. The article provides information on the emergence and activities of scientific societies in the Governor-General of Turkestan, the results of the efforts of active members to study the country, using archival sources.
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Rutkow, Lainie, Jon S. Vernick, Maxim Gakh, Jennifer Siegel, Carol B. Thompson et Daniel J. Barnett. « The Public Health Workforce and Willingness to Respond to Emergencies : A 50-State Analysis of Potentially Influential Laws ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 42, no 1 (2014) : 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12119.
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Law plays a critical role in all stages of a public health emergency, including planning, response, and recovery. Public health emergencies introduce health concerns at the population level through, for example, the emergence of a novel infectious disease. In the United States, at the federal, state, and local levels, laws provide an infrastructure for public health emergency preparedness and response efforts: they grant the government the ability to officially declare an emergency, authorize responders to act, and facilitate interjurisdictional coordination. Law is perhaps most visible during an emergency when the president or a state's governor issues a disaster declaration establishing the temporal and geographic parameters for the response and making financial and other resources available. This legal authority has increasingly been used during the last decade.
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Clark, James S., C. Lane Scher et Margaret Swift. « The emergent interactions that govern biodiversity change ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no 29 (6 juillet 2020) : 17074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003852117.
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Observational studies have not yet shown that environmental variables can explain pervasive nonlinear patterns of species abundance, because those patterns could result from (indirect) interactions with other species (e.g., competition), and models only estimate direct responses. The experiments that could extract these indirect effects at regional to continental scales are not feasible. Here, a biophysical approach quantifies environment– species interactions (ESI) that govern community change from field data. Just as species interactions depend on population abundances, so too do the effects of environment, as when drought is amplified by competition. By embedding dynamic ESI within framework that admits data gathered on different scales, we quantify responses that are induced indirectly through other species, including probabilistic uncertainty in parameters, model specification, and data. Simulation demonstrates that ESI are needed for accurate interpretation. Analysis demonstrates how nonlinear responses arise even when their direct responses to environment are linear. Applications to experimental lakes and the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) yield contrasting estimates of ESI. In closed lakes, interactions involving phytoplankton and their zooplankton grazers play a large role. By contrast, ESI are weak in BBS, as expected where year-to-year movement degrades the link between local population growth and species interactions. In both cases, nonlinear responses to environmental gradients are induced by interactions between species. Stability analysis indicates stability in the closed-system lakes and instability in BBS. The probabilistic framework has direct application to conservation planning that must weigh risk assessments for entire habitats and communities against competing interests.
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Calomiris, Charles W., Douglas Holtz-Eakin, R. Glenn Hubbard, Allan H. Meltzer et Hal S. Scott. « Establishing credible rules for Fed emergency lending ». Journal of Financial Economic Policy 9, no 3 (7 août 2017) : 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose reforms that would establish a credible framework of rules to constrain and guide emergency lending by the Federal Reserve and by fiscal authorities during a future financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a set of five overarching rules, informed by history, empirical evidence and theory, which would serve as the foundation on which detailed legislation should be constructed. Findings The authors find that the current framework governing emergency lending – including reforms to Federal Reserve lending enacted after the recent crisis – is inadequate and not credible, and that their proposed framework would constitute a credible balancing of costs and benefits. Practical implications Adequate assistance to financial institutions would be provided in systemic crises but would be limited in its form, and by the process that would govern its provision. Originality/value This framework would serve as a basis for establishing effective rules that would be credible, and that would properly balance the moral-hazard costs of emergency lending against the gains from avoiding systemic collapse of the financial system.
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Furlan, Marta. « State Weakness, al-Qa'ida, and Rebel Governance : Yemen from the Arab Spring until 2022 ». Middle East Journal 76, no 1 (15 mai 2022) : 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/76.1.11.
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As the Arab Spring arrived in Yemen, al-Qa'ida joined the insurgency, conquered territories, and governed them. Eleven years later, I aim to assess whether the conditions that led to the group's emergence as both insurgent and governor have changed. I argue that, while al-Qa'ida is weaker, Yemen remains deeply vulnerable with a government in exile, an ongoing civil war, and armed groups in control of extensive territory. In this context, a resurgence of al-Qa'ida cannot be excluded.
Thèses sur le sujet "Governi emergenza"
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Peruzzo, Fiorenza. « Il governo delle emergenze e la conservazione (?) della politica ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422973.
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The complex fluency of various events and transformations in progress within contemporary democracies is imposing a peculiar focus to those processes related – with justified basis – to the many-sided dynamics of exceptions.
Actually, it appears particularly difficult to set the series of extraordinary events and of legal emergency measures that have occurred one after the other in recent years within western democracies. On one side, from them we get a representation of historical events and categories (legal, philosophic, political) stating elements of contiguity and continuity with the constitutive processes of modern and political rationalization; on the other side, we face the presence of events that underline with directness the importance of epoch-making events the setting to uncommon paths and unreadable scene.
The reference is, first of all, to the declaration of état d’urgence in France, with the allocation of exceptional police powers to the civil authorities to face the banlieus’s rebellion, where new immigrants generations, with new temporary employee, propose a claim for legal recognition and safeguard for the great lack of job. But the real exception is England, considering the scene of measures aimed to fight terrorism: the law concerning civil unexpected events has provided, in fact, to widen all the exceptional powers assigned to the civil Government from previous bills enacted in 1920 and 1926 (the last declared specifically for the land of North Ireland). In the United States, then, again against terrorism, in response to the 9/11 occurrences, the adoption of the Patrioct Act limits consistently the constitutional rights tenure. Crucial are, anyway, also the usual exercise of commissioner powers and the extension of the use of administrative powers in the majority of the western democracies and, moreover, the reticular spread of practices and means of so-called governance in every single part of the globe.
The above mentioned are phenomena definitely different one from each other and that call back rents in advanced background and jurisdictions of democratic life, but they represents also new political and legal instruments that introduce uncommon opportunities for communitarian organization: signs of transformation operating in the contest of human life and in the civil organizational forms we have known since now.
In this contest, it is necessary a great theoretical effort directed to give, in a precise and useful way, the names of emergency or exception to actions, means, instruments and strategies that are recognized as cause or, even, accelerator of the update process on-going.È la complessa fenomenologia delle trasformazioni in corso all’interno delle democrazie contemporanee ad imporre un’attenzione particolarissima a quei processi che vengono riferiti – con argomentate motivazioni - alle dinamiche multiformi delle eccezioni. In effetti risulta davvero difficile inquadrare la serie degli avvenimenti straordinari e delle misure giuridiche di emergenza che si sono susseguiti in questi anni recenti nei contesti delle democrazie occidentali. Da un lato, troviamo in essi rappresentati eventi storici e registri categoriali (giuridici, filosofici, politologici) che attestano elementi di contiguità e di continuità con i processi costitutivi della razionalizzazione politica moderna; per altri aspetti, ci troviamo in presenza di accadimenti che segnalano con immediatezza il rilievo di eventi epocali che aprono a percorsi inediti ed a scenari indecifrabili. Il riferimento è, anzitutto, alla proclamazione dell’état d’urgence in Francia, con l’assegnazione di poteri eccezionali di polizia alle autorità civili per fronteggiare le rivolte delle banlieus, dove le nuove generazioni di immigrati, congiuntamente ai nuovi precari, mettono in campo una richiesta di riconoscimento e tutela per le gravi condizioni di assenza di lavoro. Ma l’eccezione è anche in Inghilterra, nel contesto delle misure finalizzate a combattere il terrorismo: la legge sugli eventi civili imprevisti ha provveduto, infatti, ad ampliare tutte le misure di poteri eccezionali assegnati al governo civile dalle precedenti leggi del 1920 e del 1926 (quest’ultima proclamata in particolare per il territorio dell’Irlanda del Nord). Negli Stati Uniti, poi, ancora contro il terrorismo, in risposta agli avvenimenti del 9/11 del 2001, l’emanazione del Patrioct Act viene a limitare in forma consistente il godimento dei diritti costituzionali. Significativi sono, però, anche l’esercizio normale di poteri commissariali e l’estensione dell’utilizzo di poteri regolamentari nella maggior parte delle democrazie occidentali e, da ultimo, la reticolare diffusione di dispositivi e pratiche di c.d. governance in ogni parte del mondo. Si tratta di fenomeni che presentano sicure differenze, che richiamano lacerazioni in contesti avanzati del vivere democratico, ma che rappresentano anche nuovi dispositivi politici e giuridici che annunciano possibilità inedite dell’organizzazione comunitaria: segnali di veloci scorrimenti trasformativi nelle condizioni di vita e nelle forme di organizzazione civile che abbiamo finora conosciuto. Di fronte a tanti e tali eventi, risulta indispensabile uno sforzo teorico finalizzato ad attribuire in modo determinato e utile le qualifiche dell’emergenza o dell’eccezione ad azioni, dispositivi, strategie che vengono riconosciuti come causa o addirittura acceleratori delle trasformazioni in atto.
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LIMA, Rafael Mesquita de Souza. « A identidade internacional do Brasil emergente no discurso do governo e da imprensa ». UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15263.
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Este trabalho analisou a atualização da identidade internacional do Brasil. Historicamente definido como periférico e subdesenvolvido, o país desempenhou na década passada uma política externa assertiva intentando suplantar tal imagem por uma nova identidade: a de potência emergente. Embasado no construtivismo, o estudo considerou identidades como fenômenos simbólicos e intersubjetivos, cuja efetivação depende do consenso em torno de visões de mundo. Assim, para avaliar o êxito deste novo projeto identitário, buscou-se, primeiramente, caracterizar qual a identidade construída pelo discurso governamental para o Brasil emergente; e, em seguida, compará-la com o discurso da imprensa nacional e estrangeira, por ser este ator primordial na representação da realidade internacional. Através da Análise de Discurso Francesa, foram analisados 36 pronunciamentos dos principais elaboradores e executores da política externa (Presidente da República e Ministro das Relações Exteriores) e 136 textos de dois periódicos nacionais e dois internacionais acerca de duas ações diplomáticas representativas da busca brasileira por proeminência: a Missão das Nações Unidas para a Estabilização do Haiti, chefiada pelo Brasil desde 2004, e o Acordo Nuclear assinado em 2010 com Turquia e Irã. Concluiu-se que o discurso governamental caracterizou o Brasil emergente principalmente pela diplomacia Sul-Sul, com variações de ênfase entre os episódios. O discurso da imprensa foi mais heterogêneo, sendo a formação discursiva e leitorado de cada veículo determinantes na identidade atribuída ao Brasil.
This study has analyzed the updating of Brazil's international identity. Historically defined as an underdeveloped and peripheral nation, it has performed an assertive foreign policy during the last decade trying to replace such image by a new identity: that of an emerging power. Based on constructivism, this analysis has considered identities as symbolic and inter-subjective phenomena, and therefore their realization would depend on consensus around worldviews. Thus, in order to evaluate the success of this new identity project, we have sought, firstly, to characterize emerging Brazil's identity as built by governmental discourse; and, afterwards, to compare it with the discourse of national and foreign press, since this is a primordial actor in representing international reality. Through French Discourse Analysis, we have analyzed 36 speeches of the main creators and executors of Brazil's foreign policy (the President of the Republic and the Minister of External Relations) and 136 texts from two national and two international newspapers about two diplomatic actions which were representative of the Brazilian quest for preeminence: the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti, led by Brazil since 2004, and the Nuclear Deal signed in 2010 with Turkey and Iran. We have concluded that governmental discourse has characterized emerging Brazil mainly by its South-South diplomacy, with emphasis variations between the episodes. The discourse of the press was more heterogeneous, being the discursive formation and readership of each media organization influential in determining which identity was attributed to Brazil.
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Paulo, Procópio de Oliveira Santos Pedro. « O Brasil emergente nas páginas de The economist : relações entre economia e discurso no governo Lula ». Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2893.
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Previous issue date: 2011Este trabalho analisa a cobertura do Brasil emergente nas páginas do jornal britânico The Economist a partir das relações entre economia e discurso na cobertura dos oito anos da presidência de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. As questões centrais desta pesquisa são: Que estratégias discursivas são utilizadas pelo veículo nas diferentes fases desse governo? Por que ocorrem mudanças no discurso sobre a gestão do ex-presidente? Acreditamos haver três fatores responsáveis pela alteração nessa linguagem: as estratégias discursivas utilizadas por The Economist no início do Governo Lula se baseiam na desconfiança e no medo, devido à ideologia socialista do ex-chefe de Estado brasileiro e à sua origem popular; ainda no primeiro mandato, graças ao cumprimento de acordos e pagamento de dívidas, o discurso sobre Lula torna-se de confiança e, no fim do mandato, o veículo adota um discurso que enaltece a sua política econômica, defendendo a continuidade do seu modelo de gestão por conta do crescimento, além da estabilidade monetária alcançados pela nação. O trabalho analisou dezenas de matérias publicadas entre 2002 e 2010, cujo aporte teórico se concentra na Análise do Discurso com base em autores como Charaudeau, Courtine, Maingueneau, Orlandi e Pêcheux. A AD atende os anseios desta tese graças à compreensão de que a ideologia, o poder e a política estão presentes na linguagem. Dessa forma, concluimos que o vínculo ideológico estabelecido entre Lula e The Economist foi um dos principais reponsáveis pela mudança no discurso acerca do político, que de possível caloteiro e desordeiro, transforma-se, por intermédio das estratégias discursivas do periódico, no responsável pelo maior sucesso econômico da América Latina
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Lemon, Edward James. « Governing Islam and security in Tajikistan and beyond : the emergence of transnational authoritarian security governance ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23791.
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Since 2002, the government of post-Soviet Tajikistan has deployed its security apparatus outside of the state’s territorial borders at least 49 times, intimidating, kidnapping and monitoring its citizens. I use the term transnational authoritarian security governance to refer to these border-spanning security practices. Although both secular and religious opponents to the government have been targeted, in this dissertation, I examine how the government of Tajikistan attempts to manage the threat from Islamic ‘extremism.’ I trace the emergence of the securitisation of Islam back to the Soviet Union, explore its consolidation in the years following independence in 1991, and how it has become operationalised in the form of transnational authoritarian security governance. I argue that the regulation of religious life in Tajikistan is based on an assertive form of secularism, which posits that religion is only safe if it is closely controlled by the state. In theorising transnational authoritarian security governance, I draw on the work of Michel Foucault. I argue that security governance is interwoven with relations of power. Governing Islamic ‘extremism’ in Tajikistan does not merely involve repressive life-taking sovereign power, it involves the moulding of obedient, secular subjects through disciplinary power and biopower. But as Foucault argues, where there is power, there is resistance. Those who are made subjects through security governance do have opportunities to resist it. Rather than being transformative and counterhegemonic, however, this resistance is momentary and anti-hegemonic. My findings are based on critical discourse analysis, a database of extraterritorial security incidents, semi-structured interviews, and extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2013 and 2015 in Tajikistan and Russia.
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Guo, Hua. « Assembling the apparatus governing the subjects : the emergence and deployment of higher education in modern China ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019976/.
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This thesis is a genealogy of the emergence and deployment of Higher Education (HE) in modern China, in particular its role in the production and shaping of a variety of subject forms. By engaging both historical and contemporary materials connected to HE, I intend to display, in Foucault's words, an 'effective' history of the emergence and deployment of HE in modern China, the ways in which HE becomes a particular apparatus of social selection and personnel production, and also an important form of government, also the ways in which HE influences its subjects in understanding their own subject positions in relation to HE, to others and to themselves. In this thesis, HE is first understood as a complex apparatus made of a variety of components; each of these components — principle, system, curriculum, pedagogy, and campus, involves multiple power relations and cannot be reduced to a single power will. HE can be understood as a particular form of government over its targeted subjects. HE as such works through an assemblage of rationalities, authorities, technologies, choices and desires, all contributing to the production and shaping of particular forms truth, subject and ethics. Within this assemblage of HE government, all elements are not unified but rather open to struggles, changes and transformations.
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Nunes, Tiago Estivallet. « Política externa brasileira para a América Central e o Caribe (1995-2010) : a ampliação das esferas de influência de uma potência média emergente ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/62025.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Apesar de manter relações diplomáticas com os países da América Central e do Caribe desde o princípio do século XX, a diplomacia brasileira se manteve distante dessa região até pouco tempo atrás. Para os formuladores da política externa brasileira, existiam “duas Américas” que integravam distintas esferas de influência. Nesse sentido, o Brasil concentrou a sua atuação regional junto aos países sul-americanos – respeitando a supremacia estadunidense sobre a porção setentrional do continente. Contudo, esse cenário de distanciamento vem se alterando de forma gradual no período recente. Juntamente com outras regiões que até então não faziam parte da agenda diplomática brasileira, a América Central e o Caribe passaram a receber uma maior atenção da chancelaria do país, na busca por novos parceiros que apoiassem seus projetos internacionais. Destarte, o presente trabalho buscou analisar a formulação e a implementação de uma política externa brasileira específica para essa região. Para tanto, foram observados os projetos brasileiros no subcontinente ao longo dos governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). A partir da análise empírica, argumenta-se que a transformação testemunhada no período recente é decorrente das alterações internas sofridas ao longo da década de 1990 – que, por um lado, ampliaram consideravelmente a importância da variável externa no projeto de desenvolvimento nacional, e por outro, possibilitaram ao país uma atuação mais proeminente no sistema internacional. Argumenta-se ainda que a inclusão da região centro-americana e caribenha na agenda internacional brasileira faz parte da busca por uma democratização da política internacional e pela consolidação de um sistema internacional multipolar como forma ampliar o grau de autonomia do país.Despite the fact that Brazil has maintained diplomatic relations with the Central American and the Caribbean nations since the inception of the twentieth century, Brazilian diplomacy has remained distant from that region until very recently. For the formulators of the Brazilian foreign policy, there were “two Americas” that were part of distinct spheres of influence. In this sense, Brazil has focused its regional efforts towards South America – respecting the U.S. supremacy over the northern portion of the continent. Nevertheless, this scenario of distance has been gradually changing over the recent years. Along with other regions that had not been part of the Brazilian diplomatic agenda, Central America and the Caribbean began to receive greater attention from the country’s diplomatic body in the search for new partners that would support its international projects. Hence, this study examines the formulation and the implementation of a Brazilian foreign policy which is specific towards the region. Thus, we observed the Brazilian projects in the subcontinent during the administration of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) and of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). Based on the empirical analysis, it is argued that the transformation witnessed in the recent period is a result of the internal changes experienced during the 1990s – that on the one hand, caused a considerable increase in the importance of the external variable in the design of the national development plan, and on the other hand, allowed the country a more prominent role in the international system. It is also argued that the inclusion of Central America and the Caribbean in the Brazilian international agenda is part of the quest for the democratization of international politics, inasmuch as the consolidation of a multipolar international system as a means to increase the country’s degree of autonomy.
A pesar de mantener relaciones diplomáticas con los países de América Central y del Caribe desde principios del siglo XX, la diplomacia brasileña se ha mantenido distante de esta región hasta hace poco. Para los formuladores de la política exterior brasileña, existían “dos Américas”, que integraban diferentes esferas de influencia. En este sentido, Brasil ha centrado su actuación regional junto a los países sudamericanos – respetando la supremacía de EE.UU. en la porción norte del continente. Sin embargo, este escenario de distanciamiento viene cambiando poco a poco en los últimos años. Junto con otras regiones que no hacían parte de la agenda diplomática brasileña, América Central y el Caribe comenzaron a recibir una mayor atención por parte de la cancillería del país en busca de nuevos socios que apoyen sus proyectos internacionales. Así, el presente estudio examinó la formulación y la aplicación de una política exterior brasileña hacia la región. Para lo tanto, fueron observados los proyectos brasileños en el subcontinente durante el gobierno de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) y de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). Partiendo del análisis empírico, se argumenta que la transformación observada en los últimos tiempos es resultado de los cambios internos experimentados durante la década de 1990 – que, por un lado, ampliaron considerablemente la importancia de la variable externa en el diseño del plan de desarrollo nacional, y por otro, permitieron que el país asumiese un papel más prominente en el sistema internacional. Además, también se argumenta que la inclusión de América Central y del Caribe en la agenda internacional brasileña hace parte de la búsqueda por una mayor democratización de la política internacional y por la consolidación de un sistema internacional multipolar como forma de ampliar el grado de autonomía del país.
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Damin, Cláudio Júnior. « Democracia e poderes emergenciais : o caso da "guerra contra o terrorismo" nos Estados Unidos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/21580.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A presente dissertação trata da relação entre democracia e poderes emergenciais tendo como análise o caso dos Estados Unidos depois dos atentados terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001. Fundamentalmente, tratamos da expansão dos poderes do presidente norte-americano, George W. Bush, propiciada pela chamada “guerra contra o terrorismo”. Nosso objetivo é o de demonstrar como se deu essa ampliação dos poderes do presidente, tratando especificamente das questões atinentes à Ordem Militar de novembro de 2001 que possibilitou a prisão de suspeitos de terrorismo por parte das forças armadas norte-americanas e seu envio à Base Naval de Guantánamo, Cuba. Além disso, analisamos o comportamento da população, do Legislativo e do Judiciário durante a primeira administração republicana, demonstrando a fragilidade do sistema de checks and balances durantes emergências. Por fim, concluímos que ocorreu, por parte do Executivo, uma interpretação soberana da Constituição e das leis que, com o maciço apoio da população, impôs restrições ao funcionamento dos checks and balances e possibilitou a violação de direitos de cidadãos e estrangeiros, como mostrou o caso dos detentos em Guantánamo e em solo norte-americano.This dissertation deals with the relationship between democracy and emergency powers, analyzing the case of the United States after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Fundamentally, we study the expansion of the powers of U.S. President George W. Bush, provided by the "war on terror”. Our goal is to demonstrate how did this expansion of presidential powers, dealing specifically with issues related to the Military Order of November 2001 that led to the arrest of suspected terrorists by the armed forces of U.S. and sent to the Naval Base Guantanamo, Cuba. Furthermore, we analyze the behavior of the population, the legislature and the judiciary during the first Republican administration, demonstrating the fragility of the system of checks and balances during emergencies. Finally, we conclude that occurred by the Executive, a sovereign interpretation of the Constitution and laws, with massive popular support, has imposed restrictions on the operation of checks and balances and the possible violation of rights of citizens and foreigners, as shown the case of detainees in Guantanamo and U.S. soil.
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BORTOLUZZI, DANIELE. « Una città davanti alla guerra. Gestione dell’emergenza e comando dell’esercito a Bologna alla fine del Duecento (1296-1306) ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1126977.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il lavoro ha come obiettivo quello di indagare la composizione sociale e politica del gruppo
dirigente bolognese e le sue modalità di governo nelle situazioni emergenziali alla fine del XIII
secolo, attraverso lo studio dei comandanti dell'esercito cittadino e dei componenti delle balìe create
per fronteggiare i pericoli sia interni sia esterni.
La storiografia manca di un'indagine sistematica sui comandanti delle armate, nonostante diversi
studiosi hanno identificato nel successo militare una delle vie privilegiate per iniziare e consolidare
esperienze di potere di tipo personale. Anche lo studio dei governi dell'emergenza in età medievale
è un terreno poco battuto dalla storiografia, sia italiana sia internazionale, dato che gli studiosi
hanno iniziato a interrogarsi sulla questione solo a partire dall'ultimo quindicennio.
L'arco di tempo scelto coincide con uno dei momenti più turbolenti della storia bolognese, segnato
inizialmente da una gravosa guerra contro il marchese d'Este e i ghibellini di Romagna (1296-
1299). Terminate le ostilità, grazie anche alla mediazione di Bonifacio VIII, si aprì per la città un
periodo fortemente instabile, quello del governo dei guelfi di parte bianca, tra il 1302 e il 1306.
Questa fase fu caratterizzata da una marcata conflittualità interna, oltre che dall'impegno militare in
aiuto dei pistoiesi e fiorentini. I fitti rapporti diplomatici e le robuste connessioni intercittadine
aumentarono la portata dei conflitti, elevandoli a una dimensione sovralocale. In quei frangenti i
termini di guelfo e di ghibellino furono relativizzati e adottati per definire e inquadrare gli alleati e i
nemici.
Il secondo capitolo sarà dedicato allo studio della organizzazione delle armate cittadine. Nei
decenni precedenti al conflitto contro il Marchese d’Este, il servizio in armi fu legato strettamente al
concetto di fedeltà politica: furono infatti soltanto i membri delle società d’armi a essere arruolati
nell’esercito cittadino, con qualche eccezione riguardante solo la cavalleria, ma che aveva, come si
vedrà nel corso del capitolo, un altro impianto organizzativo.
Il reclutamento nella cavalleria era complesso e si basava su un principio fiscale, che però aveva
notevoli ricadute politiche: il sistema elaborato prevedeva infatti lo stretto controllo del regime sui
reparti e le scelte dei combattenti avvenivano attraverso procedure elettive e di designazione che
escludevano di fatto una parte dei milites da quel tipo di servizio armato.
I vertici della politica bolognese, soprattutto nella prima fase della guerra contro il Marchese
d'Este, ruppero la connessione tra appartenenza politica e servizio armato, reintroducendo la leva di
massa, obbligando tutti i cittadini a registrarsi nelle venticinquine e incentrando la loro attività nel
nel rendere efficaci i meccanismi di reclutamento. Dalla documentazione emergono due fattori che
si credono di rilievo: la registrazione portò il Popolo a schedare e controllare tutti i suoi membri,
come già aveva fatto con le matricole, ma i tassi di diserzione erano elevati, spesso più del 50% dei
convocati. Quelle liste avevano una funzione di controllo: i cittadini erano periodicamente
convocati sia per missioni belliche che per essere ispezionati. Seguendo la stessa logica, il personale
armato (estratto a sorte fra gli iscritti nelle società d’armi) era inviato a presidiare i castelli. I
trasgressori, nel caso non avessero fornito una giustificazione, venivano inquisiti dal capitano del
popolo. Il regime al governo aveva creato un complesso sistema volto alla registrazione di tutti gli
atti alle armi; questo non sembra però obbedire alle sole funzioni pratiche, ma pare essere un mezzo
per definire la fedeltà al Popolo e alla parte geremea.
I comandanti delle armate erano chiamati gonfalonieri o vessilliferi perché conducevano sul campo
di battaglia un vessillo. Quei drappi erano carichi di connotati sacrali e civici e avevano una duplice
funzione: rappresentavano una partizione urbana in cui la comunità, o una sua parte, si riconosceva
ed erano rappresentativi di un'identità politica. Gonfaloni, vessilli e bandiere avevano però anche
una funzione pratica: in guerra erano fondamentali per guidare le truppe e probabilmente perimpartire gli ordini. Questo modo di combattere doveva essere perfettamente assimilato dalla
cittadinanza, tanto che vi erano a Bologna norme che punivano con la morte chiunque durante i
tumulti avesse compattato la folla dietro un vessillo costruito artigianalmente. In caso di rivolte solo
gli iscritti alle società d'armi e i membri della cavalleria avrebbero dovuto infatti raccogliersi in
piazza dietro il proprio gonfalone per poi intervenire.
Dall'analisi dei vessilli è possibile notare come l’esercito riflettesse le partizioni dello spazio
politico urbano: la città, il comune, il popolo. Ai vertici della catena di comando dell’esercito
cittadino si trovavano il podestà e il capitano del popolo. Talvolta il podestà assumeva anche la
carica di capitano di guerra, in altri casi la funzione era ricoperta da una terza figura reclutata
appositamente. In questo capitolo si esporranno le modalità di reclutamento - mostrandone le
difficoltà - e le ragioni in primo luogo tecniche (gli ufficiali furono soprattutto abili militari) e
politiche dietro esse. Ad alcuni rettori forestieri (così come ai membri delle balìe) fu concesso
l'arbitrio generale e in alcuni casi furono esentati dal sindacato. Le loro prerogative militari non
erano definite a priori, ma si può notare come il podestà avesse in genere la competenza militare
solo su alcuni reparti (cavalleria, guastatori, stipendiati) mentre il capitano del popolo andava
assumendo sempre maggiore importanza nel coordinamento della fanteria.
I più alti in grado avevano responsabilità pratiche e politiche: guidavano il Popolo in armi e durante
i tumulti avevano il compito di prendere quelle decisioni che avrebbero garantito l'ordine pubblico e
difeso le istituzioni. In questo capitolo si esporranno anche le procedure elettive che portavano alla
designazione dei comandanti, le forme dei giuramenti con cui questi ultimi si legavano alla
comunità e la loro retribuzione.
Nel IV capitolo si vedrà come durante l'emergenza militare Bologna arruolò un gran numero di
stipendiati comandati da connestabili. La tesi di fondo è che il governo utilizzasse quelle truppe
nelle missioni più pericolose e di più lunga durata, sia per non esporre i propri cittadini a troppi
pericoli, sia perché questi avrebbero impedito in sede consiliare il prosieguo della guerra e la pars
Marchesana avrebbe acquisito facilmente un maggior numero di sostenitori. I mercenari avevano
una preparazione militare di alto livello, potevano essere impiegati per lunghi periodi (anche se
questo portò a notevoli difficoltà finanziarie). Il fuoriuscitismo aveva determinato la disponibilità di
personale addestrato e bisognoso di mantenersi, e la guerra era un'ottima occasione per trovare un
ingaggio. Il reclutamento avveniva però ancora su una scala regionale e spesso i connestabili erano
fuoriusciti delle città contro cui Bologna stava combattendo. Di due ufficiali in modo particolare si
è riusciti a ricostruire una parte della loro carriera: Ramberto de Ramberti diventerà per tre anni
consecutivi capitano del Popolo di Bologna (dal 1303 al 1306) mentre Salinguerra Torelli diventò il
comandante della lega bianca. Grazie all’utilizzo di alcuni testamenti si traccerà anche un profilo
sociale dei connestabili, mentre il caso di Ugolino Manfredi, connestabile ricordato da Dante come
poeta, sarà lo spunto per alcune riflessioni sul livello culturale dei comandanti degli stipendiati.
Nell'arco temporale preso in considerazione si possono riconoscere almeno tre situazioni
emergenziali: una derivata da un nemico interno, la pars Marchesana, uno da un nemico esterno e
infine una finanziaria ed economica, legata al continuo bisogno di reperire denaro per affrontare la
guerra. All’interno del V capitolo si mostrerà inizialmente come nel discorso pubblico bolognese fu
definita l’emergenza, cercando di dimostrare come essa fosse inquadrata giuridicamente e servì per
legittimare l’azione di governo, ma è altrettanto importante notare come il consiglio del Popolo fece
a più riprese ricorso ad eccezioni e deroghe le quali deformarono in maniera evidente la natura del
regime. Gli assetti politici infatti mutarono e si riconfigurarono varie volte a seconda delle
circostanze; si crearono, soprattutto in relazione alla guerra, alcune balìe di sapienti con ampi poteri
per affrontare le situazioni emergenziali.
Non esisteva però un solo modo di reagire a una situazione emergenziale: durante gli anni di guerra
la città aprì le porte a chiunque avesse voluto combattere contro i nemici determinando così il
rientro in città di lambertazzi e di banditi. La minaccia interna, quella rappresentata dalla pars
Marchesana, rappresentò all’opposto un momento di forte chiusura in cui il bando e
l’amministrazione della giustizia furono usate politicamente come arma per colpire gli oppositori.
L’emergenza finanziaria infine provocò l’ascesa di alcune balìe e magistrature che inizialmente nonavevano alcun peso politico, ma che in quegli anni di crisi furono usati da alcuni esponenti della
élite economica felsinea, soprattutto da Romeo Pepoli, come mezzo per acquisire sempre maggior
potere.
Nel VI capitolo si analizzerà il profilo professionale, politico e giuridico dei comandanti
dell’esercito e dei membri delle balìe. Si vedrà come gli ufficiali di rango meno elevato avevano un
livello di ricchezza tale da permettere una vita più che dignitosa e una posizione di rilievo
all’interno della società o parrocchia di appartenenza. I gonfalonieri di più alto livello, così come i
membri delle balìe, furono invece uomini di assoluto rilievo nel panorama politico cittadino:
concentravano nelle loro mani ingenti ricchezze, occupavano una posizione politica preminente e
molti di loro furono almeno una volta membri di una delle balìe create per affrontare le emergenze.
Questo nucleo rappresentò il vertice di comando politico e militare della città in tutto il periodo
preso in considerazione. Al termine del capitolo si cercherà di tracciare un profilo culturale dei
comandanti, in particolar modo si è posto l’accento sul loro grado di alfabetizzazione.
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KJAER, Poul. « Between Governing and Governance : On the Emergence, Function and Form of Europe’s Post-national Constellation ». Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/9067.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 20 June 2008Jury Members: Prof. Niels Åkerstrøm Andersen, Copenhagen Business School; Prof. Damian Chalmers, London School of Economics and Political Science; Prof. Marise Cremona, European University Institute; Prof. Dr. Christian Joerges, European University Institute/University of Bremen (Supervisor).
Fulltext in Open Access was removed in January 2010 upon request by the author due to publication of the thesis with a commercial publisher.
First made available online: 29 July 2021
This dissertation explains the emergence and functioning of three forms of governance structures within the context of the European integration and constitutionalisation process: comitology, (regulatory) agencies and the Open Method of Co-ordination. The point of departure is the insight that the intergovernmental/supranational distinction, which most theories of European integration and constitutionalisation rely on, has lost its strength. A new paradigm of EU research is therefore needed. Against this background it is suggested that the distinction between governing and governance provides a more appropriate basis for analysing the phenomenon of integration and constitutionalisation in Europe. The distinction between governing and governance allows for an understanding of the EU as a hybrid consisting of a governing dimension, characterised by legal and organisational hierarchy, and a governance dimension which operates within a network form characterised by legal and organisational heterarchy. The function of governance structures is to ensure the embeddedness of the governing dimension in the wider society. Instead of representing contradictory developments, the two dimensions are therefore mutually constitutive in the sense that more governing implies more governance and vice versa. These theoretical insights are illustrated through two detailed case studies which respectively reconstruct the operational mode of the Open Method of Coordination within EU Research & Development Policy and the regulatory system for the EU chemicals market (REACH). The book is inter-disciplinary in nature and incorporates insights from law, political science and sociology.
Livres sur le sujet "Governi emergenza"
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Council, Washington State Emergency Management. Initial report to Governor Gary Locke. [Olympia, Wash : The Council, 1997.
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Carter, Luther F. The South Carolina governor : The emergence of an institution. [Columbia, S.C.] : Institute for Public Service and Policy Research, College of Liberal Arts, University of South Carolina, 2003.
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Governing the Internet : The emergence of an international regime. Boulder, Colo : L. Rienner Publishers, 2001.
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Politica e calamità : Il governo dell'emergenza naturale e sanitaria nell'Italia liberale (1861-1915). Soveria Mannelli : Rubbettino, 2013.
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Cardone, Andrea. La "normalizzazione" dell'emergenza : Contributo allo studio del potere extra ordinem del Governo. Torino : G. Giappichelli, 2011.
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Society, American Philosophical, dir. Leon Abbett's New Jersey : The emergence of the modern governor. Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society, 2001.
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Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (Va.), dir. Hampton Roads automatic aid between emergency services : To the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond : Commonwealth of Virginia, 2008.
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Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (Va.). Hampton Roads automatic aid between emergency services : To the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond : Commonwealth of Virginia, 2008.
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Virginia. Dept. of Health. Report of the Department of Health [on] pediatric emergency medical service capabilities of Virginia hospitals to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond : Commonwealth of Virginia, 1997.
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Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (Va.). Hampton Roads automatic aid between emergency services : HJR 155 (2008) : to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond : Commonwealth of Virginia, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Governi emergenza"
1
Levanti, Gabriella. « Governing Complex Strategic Networks : Emergence Versus Enabling Effects ». Dans Governing Business Systems, 49–65. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66036-3_3.
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Desai, Manali. « The Emergence of Governance Discourse in Liberalizing India ». Dans Governance and Governed, 27–41. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5963-6_3.
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English, John. « The Emergence of an Arctic Council ». Dans Governing the North American Arctic, 217–30. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137493910_11.
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Rieu, Alain-Marc. « The emergence of a Research and Innovation Paradigm ». Dans Managing Knowledge, Governing Society, 120–36. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003187004-5.
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O’Grady, Nathaniel. « Genealogies of the Future : The Emergence of Fire Governance in the UK ». Dans Governing Future Emergencies, 21–48. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71991-7_2.
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Wahlström, Mattias, et Joost de Moor. « Governing dissent in a state of emergency ». Dans Climate Action in a Globalizing World, 57–80. New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series : Environmental politics/Routledge research in environmental politics ; 27 : Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315618975-4.
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Zheng, Yu. « The Emergence of New Development Assistance : Conceptual and Operational Frameworks ». Dans Governing China in the 21st Century, 39–57. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7232-2_3.
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Bandola-Gill, Justyna, Sotiria Grek et Marlee Tichenor. « The Sustainable Development Goals as Epistemic Infrastructures ». Dans Sustainable Development Goals Series, 1–17. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03938-6_1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractOver the last three decades, quantification has emerged as the predominant governing logic in global public policy. In this introductory chapter, we explore how this paradigm has evolved from one of governing by numbers to governing numbers in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This chapter presents an overview of the emergence of sustainability politics and contextualises it in the broader literature on quantification and global public policy. Drawing on these debates, we propose a new theoretical lens, conceptualising the SDGs as epistemic infrastructures connecting data and numbers, networks and new governing paradigms. As such, this chapter approaches quantification not merely as a tool for governing but rather as a broader epistemic system through which sustainable development problems become knowable and actionable.
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Kocharyan, Gevorg G., Alexey A. Ostapchuk et Dmitry V. Pavlov. « Fault Sliding Modes—Governing, Evolution and Transformation ». Dans Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 323–58. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_15.
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AbstractA brief summary of fundamental results obtained in the IDG RAS on the mechanics of sliding along faults and fractures is presented. Conditions of emergence of different sliding regimes, and regularities of their evolution were investigated in the laboratory, as well as in numerical and field experiments. All possible sliding regimes were realized in the laboratory, from creep to dynamic failure. Experiments on triggering the contact zone have demonstrated that even a weak external disturbance can cause failure of a “prepared” contact. It was experimentally proven that even small variations of the percentage of materials exhibiting velocity strengthening and velocity weakening in the fault principal slip zone may result in a significant variation of the share of seismic energy radiated during a fault slip event. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the radiation efficiency of an earthquake and the fault slip mode are governed by the ratio of two parameters—the rate of decrease of resistance to shear along the fault and the shear stiffness of the enclosing massif. The ideas developed were used to determine the principal possibility to artificially transform the slidding regime of a section of a fault into a slow deformation mode with a low share of seismic wave radiation.
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Szalados, James E. « State of Emergency : The Laws Governing Natural Disasters and Other Mass Casualty Incidents ». Dans The Medical-Legal Aspects of Acute Care Medicine, 591–615. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68570-6_29.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Governi emergenza"
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Haller, Christian L., David L. Harris et Robert T. Fink. « Modeling of Emergency Diesel Generator and Governor Transient Response Using MATLAB/SIMULINK ». Dans International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/952144.
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Ryan, W. P., B. C. Guntrum et A. D. Gillette. « Application of a Digital Speed Governing System for Nuclear Emergency Diesel Generators ». Dans International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932443.
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Roth, Glenn A., George L. Mesina et Fatih Aydogan. « Solution of Governing Equations for Six-Field System Code ». Dans ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, and the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nuclrf2017-3515.
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Modeling of two phase flows in nuclear power plants is very important for design, licensing, and operator training and therefore must be performed accurately. As requirements have increased, the form and accuracy of the models and computer codes have improved along with them. Early formulations for the field equations include: single phase liquid with algebraic drift flux for the gas phase, modeled with mass, momentum and energy governing equations; and two separate fields, liquid phase and gas phase, typically modeled with six governing equations. These lump bubbles and droplets into the gas and liquid phases respectively and use flow regime maps based upon available experimental data. However, the experiments do not cover the entire spectrum of reactor conditions, so that transitions and extrapolations, which are inherently inaccurate, must be employed. Further, some reactor scenarios, such as boiling and condensation, can be more accurately resolved by modeling bubbles or droplets separately from the continuous fields. Introduction of an additional field, droplet or bubble, apart from the continuous liquid and gas fields, generally uses nine governing equations. Despite the successful development of the above-mentioned methods for modeling reactor coolant flow in modern software, such as RELAP, TRAC, TRACE, CATHARE and many others, there remain reactor scenarios that require greater resolution to model. This is particularly true of conditions during reflood, where emergency spray flows dominate the cooling profile within the core. Existing system codes use a lumped approach for two phase flows that groups the fields by their phase, thereby losing track of the physical interactions between the discrete fluid fields. The accuracy of these accident analysis system codes can be improved by characterizing the interactions between additional coolant fields. To capture the effect of the various field interactions, governing equations involving six-fields have been developed. The six fields are 1) continuous liquid, 2) continuous vapor, 3) large droplets, 4) small droplets, 5) large bubbles and 6) small bubbles. The additional fields and the related governing equations introduce additional variables and source terms that require new closure relationships and primary variables. This article presents the equations and variables and develops the discrete set of 18 equations that must be solved to model the system.
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Weidinger, Julian, Sebastian Schlauderer et Sven Overhage. « Which Factors Govern the Use of Emergency Response Information Systems ? Insights from an Ethnographical Study of a Voluntary Fire Department ». Dans Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.312.
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Li, Hongzhou. « Analysis of Single-Line Fast Starting Technology for Emergency Diesel Generators in Nuclear Power Plants ». Dans 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92194.
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Abstract This paper analyses the reasons for the failure of five consecutive single-line fast starting of emergency diesel generators in nuclear power plants. Based on the starting dynamics of diesel generators and governor control principles, and considering the starting characteristics of the respective units, the study identifies the root causes and key reasons affecting single-line fast starting among various contributing factors. The study extracted a set of methods for handing emergency diesel engine set faults. Employing a comparative analysis of test results and diagrams, the paper proposes solutions to ensuring the success of five consecutive single-line fast starting of emergency diesel generators for the first time in the world.
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Nelson, Katherine G., Sarah K. Brem et Jenefer Husman. « Work in progress : Identification of misconceptions governed by emergent phenomena in photovoltaics content using the Delphi Method ». Dans 2012 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2012.6462382.
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Mohamed Mohamed, Ashraf Elsayed. « The International Safety Regime of Radioactive Materials Transport ». Dans 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30334.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Every day thousands of shipments of radioactive materials are transported on international and national routes. These consignments, which are carried by road, rail, sea, air and inland waterway, can range from smoke detectors and cobalt sources for medical uses to reprocessed fuel for use in electricity generation. The transport of radioactive materials worldwide is governed by stringent regulatory regime, which includes standards, codes and regulations that have been continuously revised and updated over the past four decades. The safety measures have been developed to protect the general public, transport workers, emergency response teams and the environment against the risks posed by the cargoes. These risks include the radioactivity itself and other chemical risks that the cargoes may pose, such as toxicity or corrosivity. In addition to the safety regulations, the regulatory regime addresses other, related issues such as physical protection and liability. It was recognized that these standards should provide a uniform, global regime to ensure that all parties apply the same provisions. Since 1961, the UN (United Nations) has published and periodically reviewed and updated the regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material. These regulations are used today by more than 60 countries as the basic for their national regulations. In addition, the main international modal organizations responsible for the safe transport of dangerous goods by road, rail, sea, air and inland waterways have incorporated the relevant parts of the UN regulations into their own instruments. This paper will discuss and outline the principal regulations that apply to the transport of radioactive materials such as the UN regulations for the safe transport of radioactive materials, The UN regime governing the international transport of dangerous goods, the principal modal regulations governing the transport of dangerous goods and achievement of a more harmonized regime. and the international organizations responsible for their development and implementation.
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Ishii, M., S. T. Revankar et Y. Xu. « Design of Compact and Full-Size Simplified Boiling Water Reactors With Fully Passive Safety Systems ». Dans 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22076.
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Scientific designs of two next-generation simplified boiling water reactors (SBWRs) namely, a compact modular 200 MWe SBWR and a full-size 1200-MWe SBWR have been developed. The design involved identification of principal design criteria dictated by the safe operation of the reactor, identification of coolant requirements, and the design of the engineered safety and emergency cooling systems based on passive systems. A detailed scaling analysis was performed. The results of the scaling study were used in the performance of the integral tests and data analysis. The scaling analysis identified key thermalhydraulics parameters that govern flow phenomena in SBWRs. The analysis was based on the three-level scaling approach.
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Gautama, Mohammad Isa. « The Emergence of Political Cyber Conflict in Indonesia - A Critical Discourse Analysis of Facebook Status Clash on Governor of Jakarta Blasphemy Case ». Dans The 4th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007033200010001.
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Ajmeri, Nirav, Hui Guo, Pradeep K. Murukannaiah et Munindar P. Singh. « Robust Norm Emergence by Revealing and Reasoning about Context : Socially Intelligent Agents for Enhancing Privacy ». Dans Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/4.
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Norms describe the social architecture of a society and govern the interactions of its member agents. It may be appropriate for an agent to deviate from a norm; the deviation being indicative of a specialized norm applying under a specific context. Existing approaches for norm emergence assume simplified interactions wherein deviations are negatively sanctioned. We investigate via simulation the benefits of enriched interactions where deviating agents share selected elements of their contexts. We find that as a result (1) the norms are learned better with fewer sanctions, indicating improved social cohesion; and (2) the agents are better able to satisfy their individual goals. These results are robust under societies of varying sizes and characteristics reflecting pragmatic, considerate, and selfish agents.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Governi emergenza"
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Bongomin, Godfrey, Chelsea Huggett, Juhi Jain et Sunetra Lala. Prática emergente para envolver homens e rapazes em WASH. Institute of Development Studies, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2023.002.
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Este documento acompanha Fronteiras do Saneamento: Envolver homens e rapazes em WASH transformador de género, 2ª Parte, que analisa até que ponto o envolvimento de homens e rapazes nos processos de WASH está a produzir mudanças transformadoras nos papéis de género e nas atitudes, e mudanças sustentáveis na redução das desigualdades de género nas famílias, comunidades, organizações e políticas. São aqui apresentados exemplos práticos do Uganda, Zâmbia, Timor-Leste, Papua Nova Guiné, Ilhas Salomão, Bangladexe, Índia, Indonésia, Vanuatu e Nepal. Cada um destes exemplos, todos eles de projectos financiados pelo fundo Water for Women do governo australiano, descreve intervenções que utilizaram diferentes abordagens transformadoras de género para chegar a homens e rapazes e os levar a participar. Os exemplos descrevem também os êxitos e os desafios dos projectos.
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Restrepo, José Manuel, Alberto Carrasquilla Barrera, Roberto Steiner Sampedro, Mauricio Villamizar Villegas, Bibiana Taboada Arango, Jaime Jaramillo Vallejo et Leonardo Villar Gómez. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2022.
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In compliance with Act of Congress 31/1992, Article 5, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República hereby submits to the Congress of the Republic of Colombia a detailed report on the measures that Banco de la República has taken in the emergency situation generated by Covid-19 and presents the macroeconomic results for 2020 and the outlook for 2021 for its consideration. Furthermore, the breakdown of the Foreign Reserves and their performance, the financial position of the Bank and its forecasts, and the Bank’s Cultural management are described. Sincerely, Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. New Horizons of Predictability in Complex Dynamical Systems : From Fundamental Physics to Climate and Society. Meteoceanics, octobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/211021.
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Discerning the dynamics of complex systems in a mathematically rigorous and physically consistent manner is as fascinating as intimidating of a challenge, stirring deeply and intrinsically with the most fundamental Physics, while at the same time percolating through the deepest meanders of quotidian life. The socio-natural coevolution in climate dynamics is an example of that, exhibiting a striking articulation between governing principles and free will, in a stochastic-dynamic resonance that goes way beyond a reductionist dichotomy between cosmos and chaos. Subjacent to the conceptual and operational interdisciplinarity of that challenge, lies the simple formal elegance of a lingua franca for communication with Nature. This emerges from the innermost mathematical core of the Physics of Coevolutionary Complex Systems, articulating the wealth of insights and flavours from frontier natural, social and technical sciences in a coherent, integrated manner. Communicating thus with Nature, we equip ourselves with formal tools to better appreciate and discern complexity, by deciphering a synergistic codex underlying its emergence and dynamics. Thereby opening new pathways to see the “invisible” and predict the “unpredictable” – including relative to emergent non-recurrent phenomena such as irreversible transformations and extreme geophysical events in a changing climate. Frontier advances will be shared pertaining a dynamic that translates not only the formal, aesthetical and functional beauty of the Physics of Coevolutionary Complex Systems, but also enables and capacitates the analysis, modelling and decision support in crucial matters for the environment and society. By taking our emerging Physics in an optic of operational empowerment, some of our pioneering advances will be addressed such as the intelligence system Earth System Dynamic Intelligence and the Meteoceanics QITES Constellation, at the interface between frontier non-linear dynamics and emerging quantum technologies, to take the pulse of our planet, including in the detection and early warning of extreme geophysical events from Space.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml et Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay et Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.