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1
Armbruster, Scott T., Rajesh V. Manchanda et Ngan Vo. « When Are Loss Frames More Effective in Climate Change Communication ? An Application of Fear Appeal Theory ». Sustainability 14, no 12 (17 juin 2022) : 7411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127411.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study investigated how goal frames (gain, non-loss, loss) either with or without efficacy statements affect consumers’ support for climate-change policy. Addressing the goal-framing literature’s difficulty in establishing a guiding theory with consistent findings, we (1) propose fear appeal theory as an alternative framework to guide goal-framing research; (2) test five fear appeal variables (fear, perceived threat, hope, perceived efficacy, and message processing) as mediators of goal-framing effects on policy support; and (3) highlight four common goal-framing confounds that may partly underlie the literature’s inconsistent findings. Aligning with fear appeal theory, results from a carefully controlled experiment revealed that a more threatening loss frame paired with an efficacy statement produced the strongest pro-policy attitudes and the greatest willingness-to-pay by successfully balancing fear/threat with hope/efficacy and by producing deeper message processing.
2
Christensen, O., et Mads Sielemann Jakobsen. « DUAL PAIRS OF GABOR FRAMES FOR TRIGONOMETRIC GENERATORS WITHOUT THE PARTITION OF UNITY PROPERTY ». Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 04, no 04 (décembre 2011) : 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557111000460.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Frames is a strong tool to obtain series expansions in Hilbert spaces under less restrictive conditions than imposed by orthonormal bases. In order to apply frame theory it is necessary to construct a pair of so called dual frames. The goal of the article is to provide explicit constructions of dual pairs of frames having Gabor structure. Unlike the results presented in the literature we do not base the constructions on a generator satisfying the partition of unity constraint.
3
Windzio, Michael. « The “Social Brain,” Reciprocity, and Social Network Segregation along Ethnic Boundaries ». Human Nature 31, no 4 (décembre 2020) : 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-020-09382-5.
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AbstractHow does segregation along ethnic boundaries emerge in social networks? Human evolution resulted in highly social beings, capable of prosociality, mindreading, and self-control, which are important aspects of the “social brain.” Our neurophysiologically “wired” social cognition implies different cognitive goal frames. In line with recent developments in behavioral theory, the present study defines network ties as episodes of social exchange. This dynamic definition can account for shifts in goal frames during an exchange episode: whereas deliberate choice and hedonic or gain goals drive the initiation of a tie, given the opportunity structure, the normative goal frame activates a strong dynamic effect of reciprocity, which limits actors’ choice set and appears as “self-organization” at the network level. Longitudinal analyses of 18 birthday party networks comprising 501 students support the definition of network ties as exchange episodes, as well as the relevance of humans’ inherent tendency to reciprocate. However, reciprocation is much stronger in dyads of the same ethnicity than in dyads of different ethnicities. Network segregation along ethnic boundaries results from deliberate decisions during the initiation of an episode, but also from different commitments to reciprocity during the ongoing exchange process, depending on intra or interethnic dyadic constellations.
4
Yuan, De You. « The Stability and Perturbation of Bivariate Gabor Frames and Applications in Material Engineering ». Advanced Materials Research 721 (juillet 2013) : 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.737.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Material science broadly encompasses the fundamental study of solid matter with the goal of engineering new materials with superior properties, and ultimately enabling altogether new types of devices The window functions and bivariate Gabor frames are introduced. The existence of bivariate Gabor frames with compact support is discussed. Sufficient conditions for irregular bivariate Gabor system to be frames are presented by means of frame multiresolution analysis and paraunitary vector filter bank theory. An algorithm for constructing a sort of orthogonal bivariate vector-valued wavelets with compact support is proposed, and their properties are investigated. The pyramid decomposition scheme is derived based on a generalized multiresolution structure.
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Malik Ibrahim, Halimah, Nurma Dwi Larasati et Kirina Maynastiti Cahyaning Putri. « Communication Psychology in the Frame of Da'wah : Urgency and Theory ». Jurnal Audiens 4, no 4 (2 janvier 2024) : 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jas.v4i4.296.
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The role of communication psychology is certainly very important in providing advice and input related to the problems of each individual, including a preacher in delivering his da'wah message to mad'u. When preaching a da'i needs to understand the psychological condition of the object of da'wah (mad'u) as well as himself as a communicator so that the messages conveyed take place effectively in achieving the desired goal. This study aims to understand and analyze the psychology of communication in the frame of da'wah by describing urgency. In addition, it analyzes the theories of communication psychology in da'wah. This research uses library research methods and data collection techniques using documentation. The results showed that the psychology of communication in the process of da'wah is very important, because without the psychology of communication a da'i cannot convey the message of da'wah effectively and maximally. Some of the psychological theories of da'wah communication contained in these findings include persuasion theory, planned action theory, elaboration of likelihood model (ELM), systematic heuristic theory, cognitive response theory, cognitive dissonance theory, and learning theory.
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Zang, Ya Ting, et Yong Sheng Zhang. « The Optimization Design of the Explosion-Proof Steel Frame Structure Considering the Material Plastic ». Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (mai 2011) : 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.160.
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Taking the structure construction cost as the optimized goal, the optimization design is carried on the steel frame structure considering the material plastic, under the explosion load. According to the prevailing steel structure design codes GB50017-2002, the model of steel frame structures is established. The results show that the theory and calculation method is reasonable, which will have a guide in the future.
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Weitl-Harms, Sherri, Adam Spanier, John Hastings et Matthew Rokusek. « Framing Gamification in Undergraduate Cybersecurity Education ». Journal of The Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education 10, no 1 (8 mars 2023) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53735/cisse.v10i1.161.
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Gamification presents potential benefits in courses that traditionally require the comprehension of complex concepts and a high level of technical and abstract thinking. Courses in Cyber Security Operations (CSO) undergraduate education meet these criterion. This research evaluates organizational constructs that have been applied to gamification applications (GAs) in CSO education. It utilizes framing theory and frame-reflective discourse analysis to outline frames based on engagement levels and analyzes the current distribution of GAs. The following organizational constructs for GAs in data structures and algorithms education apply to CSO education: Enhanced Examination (EE), Visualization of Abstract Ideas (VAI), Dynamic Gamification (DG), Social and Collaborative Engagement (SGE), and Collaborative Gamification Development (CGD). Three additional frames are identified: Missions and Quests (MQ), Simulations (Sim) and Aspirational Learning (AL). MQ GAs have process-driven quests, stories, and/or descriptive scenarios to augment engagement. Sim GAs use environmental immersion to demonstrate real world problem solving while allowing freedom of movement. AL GAs use goal-based designs like Capture The Flag (CTF) missions to enhance engagement. Twenty-seven existing CSO GAs fit within the MQ frame as CSO education lends itself well to these types of experiences. Seventeen CSO GAs fall within the AL GA frame, many of these manifesting as CTF missions. Seventeen CSO GAs fit in the EE Frame due to their optimization in the analysis of learning progress. Nine Sim GAs were successfully deployed in CSO education, followed by 4 VAI, 3 SGE, and 3 DG GAs.
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Coulson, Seana, et Esther Pascual. « For the sake of argument ». Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 4 (25 octobre 2006) : 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.4.07cou.
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Attested instances of persuasive discourse were examined from the perspective of conceptual blending theory to reveal that serious argumentative points are often made via the construction of unrealistic blended cognitive models. The unrealistic character of these models is often related to compression, a process by which complex relationships are reconstrued with simpler, more familiar concepts. These examples show how speakers’ compressions enable them to strategically frame controversial issues, and to evoke particular sorts of affective responses consistent with their argumentative goals. Analysis points to various constraints on blending. Besides the constitutive and governing principles outlined by Fauconnier & Turner (2002), conceptual integration operations are greatly constrained by the frames and cultural models of a particular community, together with overall knowledge of the communicative event, the cognitive task, the issues dealt with, and the discursive goal. The paper focuses on pre-natal and post-mortem blends in “pro-life” rhetoric and judicial argumentation.
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Wilson, Mark R., Samuel J. Vine et Greg Wood. « The Influence of Anxiety on Visual Attentional Control in Basketball Free Throw Shooting ». Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 31, no 2 (avril 2009) : 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.2.152.
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The aim of this study was to test the predictions of attentional control theory using the quiet eye period as an objective measure of attentional control. Ten basketball players took free throws in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. Point of gaze was measured using an ASL Mobile Eye tracker and fixations including the quiet eye were determined using frame-by-frame analysis. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in significant reductions in the duration of the quiet eye period and free throw success rate, thus supporting the predictions of attentional control theory. Anxiety impaired goal-directed attentional control (quiet eye period) at the expense of stimulus-driven control (more fixations of shorter duration to various targets). The findings suggest that attentional control theory may be a useful theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in visuomotor sport skills.
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Susilawati, Made, Unti Ludigdo, Gugus Irianto et Zaki Baridwan. « Frame Value of Strategic Management Accounting Based on The Balance of Tri Kaya Parisudha ». Accounting and Finance Review (AFR) Vol.1(1) Dec. 2016 1, no 1 (9 décembre 2016) : 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/afr.2016.1.1(9).
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objective - Hinduism presupposes all life activities. This includes Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) which could maintain life's equilibrium by practising the goal of life suggested by the Tri Kaya Parisudha (TKP). In general, SMA does not have a framework of reference for accountants to manage functions and to contribute to decision making. In that regard, this paper aims to develop a frame value for SMA based on the cooperatives noted in the Hindu orientation of the TKP. Methodology/Technique - The method employed to analyze data is the combined development of grounded theory(GT) and intersubjective analysis. The frame value for SMA consists of three elements of manacika(center of strategic thinking) followed by wacika and kayikaas noted in the dharma of the TKP. Findings - The findings show that the synergy of the framework is based on mind control (manacika) which impacts on wacika and kayika in SMA. This synergy impacts on the equilibrium between materials (sekala) and non-materials (niskala) in the dharma for the purpose of reaching the goal synergy. Novelty - The combination of the intersubjective approach and the GT approach helps to uncover the correlation patterns of the core category noted in the establishment of the SMA's value framework. This is derived from the TKP's equilibrium through the story line. Type of Paper Review Keywords: Internalization, Life Equilibrium, Goals Synergy, System, Dharma. JEL Classification: M41, P25.
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Vogel, Tobias, et Oliver Genschow. « When Do Chronic Differences in Self-Regulation Count ? : Regulatory Focus Effects in Easy and Difficult Soccer Tasks ». Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35, no 2 (avril 2013) : 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.2.216.
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Research on regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997) suggests that performance increases if instructions fit with sportspersons’ dispositions. Sportspersons who chronically focus on wins (i.e., promotion-oriented individuals) perform best if instructions frame the objective as a promotion goal (e.g., “Try to hit!”). By contrast, sportspersons who chronically focus on losses (i.e., prevention-oriented individuals) perform best if instructions frame the objective as a prevention goal (e.g., “Try not to miss!”). Recent theorizing also suggests that regulatory focus interacts with task difficulty. In an experiment, we assessed soccer performance as a function of chronic focus, instructional focus, and task difficulty. Results support that task difficulty moderates the effects of fit on performance; fitting instructions to match the sportsperson’s chronic regulatory focus improved performance in the easy rather than the difficult task. Findings are discussed regarding the role of regulatory fit in altering subjective pressure during sports performance.
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K. Japhia Tino Mercy. « Novel Picture of Topological Spaces in the Frame of Fuzzy Soft Sequential Sets ». Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 31, no 8s (2 septembre 2024) : 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cana.v31.1458.
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The goal of this paper is to introduce fuzzy soft sequential topological spaces over the universal set via fuzzy soft sequential set by merging the concept of fuzzy soft set and sequential set. We provide a comprehensive study of their properties and explore a relationship between fuzzy soft topology and fuzzy soft sequential topology. We offers a new outlook on the theory of fuzzy soft sequential neighborhood of a fuzzy soft sequential set and we investigate the quasi-coincident relation.
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Shemtov, Ronit. « Taking Ownership of Environmental Problems : How Local Nimby Groups Expand Their Goals ». Mobilization : An International Quarterly 4, no 1 (1 avril 1999) : 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.4.1.1633u75702511575.
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Frame theory and social-constructionist concepts are used to explain how local, environmental NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard) groups expand their narrow, reactive goals. NIMBYs may expand their goals by becoming "proactive" in orientation, i.e., initiating broader environmental programs that are new to the community. They can also expand to "watchdog" goals by actively monitoring every environmentally threatening plan. Using interview and survey data collected from leaders and members (N = 113) of six environmental NIMBY groups, fixed-goal NIMBYs are compared with ones that became proactive or watchdog in orientation. It is proposed that activists' rhetorical ability to take "ownership of a social problem" away from local and state authorities causes their groups to become "watchdog" or "proactive" in orientation. Ownership solidifies diagnostic, prognostic and motivational framing, thereby making expanded or future action more likely. Activists "own" a diagnosis by claiming to be experts on broader environmental problems. They "own" a prognosis by implementing their own solutions. They "own" a motivation frame by taking the burden of responsibility to act on future diagnoses and prognoses. Ownership creates rhetorical opportunities for local NIMBY groups to expand their goals by providing activists an independent, moral language to address environmental problems.
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García-Juan, Beatriz, Ana B. Escrig-Tena et Vicente Roca-Puig. « Empowerment in the Public Sector : Testing the Influence of Goal Orientation ». Public Personnel Management 48, no 4 (22 décembre 2018) : 443–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026018819020.
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Empowerment has emerged as an important new issue in the public sector organization setting in the wake of mainstream new public management (NPM). Nevertheless, few studies in this frame have combined structural (managerial) and psychological (individual) approaches in an integrative study of empowerment. There is also a need to examine the moderating variables involved in this relationship, as well as to extend research on work motivation in public management. This study explores the effect of structural empowerment on psychological empowerment, and it also draws on goal orientation (GO) theory to examine the moderating role of employees’ GO in this link. The model is tested on a sample of 521 Spanish local authority employees. The results do not confirm the direct link between structural and psychological empowerment, but show that learning GO has considerable moderating power in this relationship, and its interaction with structural empowerment affects employees’ psychological empowerment levels.
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Sun, Linhui, Xun Li, Jie Gao et Fangming Cheng. « Does an Information System Security Notice Format Influence Users’ Compliance Willingness from the Perspective of the Framing Effect ? » Information 14, no 1 (9 janvier 2023) : 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14010039.
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Information security issues have triggered both academic and practical circles to think about operation management and the sustainable development of information systems. Based on the theory of framing effect, this study constructs a theoretical model of the presentation framework of security notice information on users’ compliance willingness and empirically tests the proposed research hypotheses using a combination of behavioral experiments and questionnaires to analyze the mechanism of the information presentation framework on compliance willingness. The results show that (1) the information presentation framework has a significant effect on users’ decision to comply, but it varies according to specific frameworks. While the attribute and risk frameworks have a significant effect on users’ decision to comply, the goal framework does not have a significant effect on users’ decision to comply. (2) The security notice situation moderates the relationship between the security notice information presentation frame and users’ compliance willingness, but this varies according to the specific situation of the specific framework. The security notice situation moderates the relationship between the attribute framework, the risk framework, and users’ compliance willingness but not the relationship between the goal framework and users’ compliance willingness. (3) Information security cognition has a moderating effect on the relationship between the security notice presentation framework and users’ compliance willingness, but it varies by the specific frameworks. Information security cognition moderates the relationship between attribute frames, risk frames, and users’ compliance willingness but not the relationship between goal frames and users’ compliance willingness.
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Yoo, Jin, et Byoung-Jun Kim. « Young Korean Athletes' Goal Orientation and Sources of Enjoyment ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no 3 (juin 2002) : 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3.1043.
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Feeling of enjoyment plays a critical role in sport participation and adherence. The purposes of this study were to (a) identify specific sources of enjoyment in the context of Korean youth sport and (b) examine the conceptual link between goal orientation and the sources of enjoyment in youth sport. A total of 334 middle school athletes (244 boys, 90 girls; ages 12 to 18 years), representing 17 schools in Seoul, participated. They responded to the Korean version of the Task and Ego Orientation Questionnaire in Sport and an open-ended item designed to identify sources of enjoyment. Content analysis of the responses resulted in nine enjoyment categories, including winning and competition, social recognition and rewards, health and fitness, and perceived competence. Chi squared analyses provided initial evidence for the conceptual link between goal orientation and sources of enjoyment. The athletes scoring high on task orientation more frequently reported self-referenced sources of enjoyment, e.g., health and fitness, psychological benefit, while the athletes high on ego orientation more frequently identified social recognition and rewards as their enjoyment sources. These results were discussed within the frame of goal orientation theory and cross-cultural perspectives.
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Kerr, John H., et Susan Houge Mackenzie. « Confidence Frames and the Mastery of New Challenges in the Motivation of an Expert Skydiver ». Sport Psychologist 28, no 3 (septembre 2014) : 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2013-0069.
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The main objective was to further unravel the experience of motivation in an expert male skydiver by investigating: (1) his general experience of motivation and perception of the dangers of skydiving; (2) his pursuit of new challenges and learning new skills as factors in maintaining motivation; (3) evidence of a mastery-based confidence frame in his motivational experience. This was a unique case study informed by reversal theory. The participant’s perception of skydiving was that it was not a risky or dangerous activity and a primary motive for his involvement in skydiving was personal goal achievement. Maintaining control and mastery during skydiving was a key motivational element during his long career and pursuing new challenges and learning new skills was found to be important for his continued participation. Data indicated that his confidence frame was based on a telic-mastery state combination, which challenged previous reversal theory research findings and constructs.
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Wilson, Mark R., Greg Wood et Samuel J. Vine. « Anxiety, Attentional Control, and Performance Impairment in Penalty Kicks ». Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 31, no 6 (décembre 2009) : 761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.6.761.
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The current study sought to test the predictions of attentional control theory (ACT) in a sporting environment. Fourteen experienced footballers took penalty kicks under low- and high-threat counterbalanced conditions while wearing a gaze registration system. Fixations to target locations (goalkeeper and goal area) were determined using frame-by-frame analysis. When anxious, footballers made faster first fixations and fixated for significantly longer toward the goalkeeper. This disruption in gaze behavior brought about significant reductions in shooting accuracy, with shots becoming significantly centralized and within the goalkeeper’s reach. These findings support the predictions of ACT, as anxious participants were more likely to focus on the “threatening” goalkeeper, owing to an increased influence of the stimulus-driven attentional control system.
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Liu, Ying, Ge Yu et De Ming Liu. « Function Analysis and Evaluation of the Natural Light Environment in the Gymnasium Based on Value Engineering Theory ». Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (mai 2011) : 1454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1454.
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The research was mainly aimed at the hotspot of natural lighting environment of gymnasium design in China, and applied Value Engineering Theory to calculate current and objective function costs of natural lighting environment of gymnasium based on the qualitative and quantitative function analysis. Using Function Analysis Systematic Technique, the relationship between function, cost and value was analysised to seek the lowest costs of natural lighting environment of gymnasium functions. Using the idea of all-life design, and aiming at value pursuit and value realization as the goal of natural lighting environment of gymnasium design, a design idea and theory frame are constructed.
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di Toro, Massimiliano. « Irrational Behaviour in Financial Decision-Making ». International Journal of Research and Review 9, no 10 (1 novembre 2022) : 482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20221055.
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The goal of the research questions is analysing empirically if there is any irrational behaviour in decision-making and if human behaviour is not always rational using not consistent logic in problem solving or decision-making. The researcher will analysis the behaviour of the investor during bearish and bullish market to find behaviour inconsistency, that according to the researcher, could be due to the asymmetric anchor effect, asymmetric herd behaviour, asymmetric disposition effect and asymmetric, loss aversion, recency bias, frame bias. Keywords: herd behaviour, decision making, disposition effect, asymmetric behaviour, anchor bias, disposition effect, level-K strategy, recency bias, loss aversion, prospect theory, disposition effect, recency bias, frame bias,irrational behaviour or inconsistent logic in decision making and problem solving.
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Demianchuk, Oleksandr, et Kateryna Roshuk. « Framing as a Means of Shaping Negative Public Opinion about Politicians in the Media ». Empirio 1, no 2 (11 juillet 2024) : 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/3041-1718.2024.1.2.3-13.
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This article presents an analysis of framing as a tool for manipulating public opinion. In the study, frame is defined as an operational construct for altering the perceptions of media consumers according to the needs of political power. The article includes an investigation into the offshore accounts of Ukraine’s fifth president, Petro Poroshenko, conducted by journalists from NGO “Slidstvo.Іnfo.” Our study indicates that this story has had a negative impact not only on Poroshenko but also on Ukraine’s reputation because of a negative effect in the international community: while the country is facing an internal crisis, its president seems to be trying to earn money for his personal needs, which sounds unacceptable to Europeans. By putting informational frames the framing itself does not determine the objective truth or falsehood of information but makes influence on the Agenda Setting of the first and second levels. Additionally to the framing theory the authors have explored the notion of “post-truth” politics – political actions and thoughts, by which (according to the Oxford Dictionary) objective facts appear to be less influential in public opinion formation as compared to calling upon some emotions and personal attitudes. This is one of the theories with which the authors tried to explain the effect of unspecific and not always truthful informational messages on the targeted audience and hence – on he political decisions making.In this particular case, the frame formed in such a way had had a negative effect on the attitude of numerous voters towards Petro Poroshenko. From the perspective of framing theory, the “Slidstvo.Іnfo” investigation regarding Petro Poroshenko can be seen as a process of shaping negative public opinion. We stress that the goal of this study is rather to prove such a frame existence and explanation of its formation that may distort the voters attitude than “whitening” of the fifth President of Ukraine.
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Aspara, Jaakko, Amitav Chakravarti et Arvid O. I. Hoffmann. « Focal versus background goals in consumer financial decision-making ». European Journal of Marketing 49, no 7/8 (13 juillet 2015) : 1114–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-04-2014-0244.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine the interplay between focal and background goals in consumer financial decision-making and identify conditions that lead individuals to trade-off financial returns for background goals. Design/methodology/approach – The current research reviews the relevant literature on consumer financial decision-making and goal systems theory to develop a set of hypotheses that is tested using three experiments. Findings – The experiments show that individuals who have been subtly primed with self-expressive background goals, or experienced progress toward the focal goal of financial returns, accept lower financial returns for the opportunity to invest in stocks that allow for increased self-expression. Further, while subtly primed background goals exert a non-normative influence on investment decisions, explicit cues about an investment’s background goal-instrumentality create a backlash effect, and decrease individuals’ willingness to trade-off financial returns. Research limitations/implications – Future research could confirm the robustness of the findings of the present research by using different priming tasks and alternative ways of making the background goal explicit to individuals. Practical implications – To achieve greater attraction among individual investors, it helps to frame a financial product or stock in communications materials in a way that sends subtle signals with which investors can identify. Such signals could include stressing the product/company’s home country (addressing individuals’ patriotism) or a particular product domain (addressing individual investors’ desire for interesting/exciting current/future products). Originality/value – While previous research suggests that investment choices may be influenced by self-expressive motivations, to date, it remains unclear whether and when individual investors are actually willing to trade-off the focal goal of maximizing financial returns for the opportunity to satisfy alternative background goals.
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Colombo, Daria. « Autotheory : Toward the Embodying of Analytic Framing ». Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 71, no 2 (avril 2023) : 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651231171921.
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Autotheory is an emerging idea in feminist theory that emphasizes the inevitability of the subjective and embodied personal within any development, understanding, or application of theory. Autotheory offers a way to bring the sexed and gendered body of the analyst back into view in clinical practice and is a possible route to relibidinizing psychoanalytic theory. The embodied part of the “personal” contribution of the analyst will be examined through conceptions of framing and the frame, extending and further conceptualizing ideas prominently addressed within relational and intersubjective theories. Framing activity as a developmental goal for psychoanalytic process is considered in relation to the ways in which autotheoretical texts enact or depict the unceasing interplay of relational experience and theory that forms subjectivity. A clinical vignette describes the experience of framing activity during remote videoconference therapy.
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Navarro-Yáñez, Clemente J. « The Effectiveness of Integral Urban Strategies : Policy Theory and Target Scale. The European URBAN I Initiative and Employment ». Sustainability 13, no 11 (1 juin 2021) : 6251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116251.
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Integrated urban development strategies are shaping a new policy frame to cope with the complexity of urban problems. This implies multi-level policy mixes involving multiple goals, the collaboration between different actors, and policy theories based on complementarity between different policy tools (and their causal processes). As in other policies, the third aspect has been less analysed. This article studied the theory behind policy mixes developed in the European Union URBAN I Initiative framework and the effects on its employment inclusion goal. The policy theory suggests complementary effects between policy actions oriented toward economic activities and those oriented at increasing employment skills to, in turn, increase residents’ inclusion in the labour market. The quasi-experimental approach applied at the neighbourhood level in Spain showed a moderate influence on employment among the youngest age cohorts and a more evident impact on business density. Nevertheless, evidence concerning the complementarity between actions oriented at improving labour market demand and labour market supply in targeted neighbourhoods suggested in the program theory is less convincing. This exercise showed the methodological challenges in assessing the effectiveness of integral urban initiatives and offered some suggestions regarding the policy theory behind them through a European Union case.
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M. Shukla, Darshni, Naimish Zaveri et Tole Sutikno. « The performance of a multilevel multifunctional solar inverter under various control methods ». Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no 5 (1 octobre 2023) : 2717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i5.4097.
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Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are now supposed to provide additional supporting services with more reliability and efficiency. This paper presents three different control methods for generating reference current in a multifunctional, multilevel grid-tied PV inverter for harmonic, reactive, and unbalance compensation. These methods are the synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory (d-q), the instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory (p-q), and the conservative power theory (CPT). As a result, the primary goal is to propose a low-cost multifunctional solar invert for distributed generation, with an appropriate prototype developed in the laboratory for experimental validation of various modes of operation. Demonstrated results show that the presented inverter is capable of providing various ancillary services with all three types of control.
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Sun, Yanlong, et Hongbin Wang. « The Parietal Cortex in Sensemaking : The Dissociation of Multiple Types of Spatial Information ». Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2013 (2013) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/152073.
Texte intégralRésumé :
According to the data-frame theory, sensemaking is a macrocognitive process in which people try to make sense of or explain their observations by processing a number of explanatory structures called frames until the observations and frames become congruent. During the sensemaking process, the parietal cortex has been implicated in various cognitive tasks for the functions related to spatial and temporal information processing, mathematical thinking, and spatial attention. In particular, the parietal cortex plays important roles by extracting multiple representations of magnitudes at the early stages of perceptual analysis. By a series of neural network simulations, we demonstrate that the dissociation of different types of spatial information can start early with a rather similar structure (i.e., sensitivity on a common metric), but accurate representations require specific goal-directed top-down controls due to the interference in selective attention. Our results suggest that the roles of the parietal cortex rely on the hierarchical organization of multiple spatial representations and their interactions. The dissociation and interference between different types of spatial information are essentially the result of the competition at different levels of abstraction.
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K, Sugandan. « Semiotic Analysis of the Movie Kadaseela Biriyani (2021) ». Journal of Advanced Research in Journalism & ; Mass Communication 09, no 03 (5 décembre 2022) : 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2395.3810.202202.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work is a semiotic analysis of the 2021 film Kadaseela Biriyani using Saussure’s binomial theory. The ultimate goal of the blackcomedy genre is to instill the ultimate feeling of deep terror in the viewer. This study focuses on mise-en-scenes, composition, lighting, costumes, props, and all other objects in the frame so they can be meaningful to the audience. · Build visualizations with layers of fleeting metaphors in the scene. No matter how deep the verbal information is, the characters, plots, symbols, and all visual presentations within the frame play an important role and enhance the narrative. This study uses qualitative analysis techniques. Research is done by analyzing signifiers, and signifiers are interpreted using staging elements. The conclusion shows the new camera angles introduced to express the character’s emotions in the situation. Similar colors were used for both positive and negative aspects.
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Park, F. C. « Distance Metrics on the Rigid-Body Motions with Applications to Mechanism Design ». Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no 1 (1 mars 1995) : 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826116.
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In this article we examine the problem of designing a mechanism whose tool frame comes closest to reaching a set of desired goal frames. The basic mathematical question we address is characterizing the set of distance metrics in SE(3), the Euclidean group of rigid-body motions. Using Lie theory, we show that no bi-invariant distance metric (i.e., one that is invariant under both left and right translations) exists in SE(3), and that because physical space does not have a natural length scale, any distance metric in SE(3) will ultimately depend on a choice of length scale. We show how to construct left- and right-invariant distance metrics in SE(3), and suggest a particular left-invariant distance metric parametrized by length scale that is useful for kinematic applications. Ways of including engineering considerations into the choice of length scale are suggested, and applications of this distance metric to the design and positioning of certain planar and spherical mechanisms are given.
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Barnes, Spencer R. « Studies in the efficacy of motion graphics : the relation between expository motion graphics and the presence of naïve realism ». Visual Communication 18, no 1 (23 novembre 2017) : 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357217739223.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Expository motion graphics are dynamic visual communication devices capable of both informing and entertaining because they provide visual explanations and present narratives to an audience. This article had the goal of exploring how viewers interact with motion graphics that offer exposition and two theories were utilized to frame this inquiry: the theory of naïve realism and cognitive load theory. Each theory describes complementary aspects of the motion graphic viewing experience and a 2 x 2 experiment conducted by the author indicated that visual clutter is detrimental to the viewing experience associated with motion graphics and a viewer’s predilections about motion graphics can be altered after exposure to multiple motion graphics that vary in fidelity or representativeness. These findings have implications for journalistic applications of expository motion graphics within the contexts of online news packages and broadcast news.
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Milicevic, Aleksandar, Dubravka Pavlicic et Aleksandar Kostic. « The dynamics of change in decision making under risk ». Psihologija 40, no 1 (2007) : 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0701147m.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The goal of this study was to investigate the dynamics of decision making under risk. In three experiments this dynamics have been explored with respect to probability of outcome and with respect to frame, i.e. the way the outcomes of the alternatives have been specified. The process of decision making was explored within a framework of expected utility and Prospect theory. The outcomes of alternatives as well as their probabilities were quantitatively specified (so that the expected value of a risk alternative was equal to the value of a non-risk alternative). The results of experiments indicate that the attitude towards risk (risk-proneness vs. risk-averseness) depends on the outcome probability and the way the outcomes were specified (i.e. positive/negative frame). It was also demonstrated that content strongly affects the choices made in decision making. This outcome is somewhat unexpected and requires additional empirical evaluation.
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Schweitzer, Linda, Sean Lyons et Chelsie J. Smith. « Career Sustainability : Framing the Past to Adapt in the Present for a Sustainable Future ». Sustainability 15, no 15 (31 juillet 2023) : 11800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511800.
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The emerging literature concerning sustainable careers posits that career development is an adaptive and dynamic process of creating person–career fit, in pursuit of a career that is happy, healthy, and productive. Our goal is to advance this literature by delving deeper into the intrapersonal processes involved in constructing career sustainability—which involves meeting one’s needs in the present without sacrificing one’s needs in the future—and clarifying the role of time in this process. We articulate a fundamentally subjective, intrapersonal process of enacting career sustainability that draws upon career construction theory, prospective and adaptive sensemaking, conservation of resources theory, and career adaptability to articulate how individuals reflect, frame, envision, re-frame, and ultimately, adapt to effect and maintain their career sustainability over time. This expansion brings added conceptual depth to earlier sustainable careers models by situating the career firmly within the agency of the career actor and articulating how this process unfolds with specific recognition of the past, present, and future. Educators, career counselors, HR representatives, and community organizations are called upon to promote and support career sustainability and support individuals through this dynamic and adaptive process.
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Andajani, Andajani, et Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono. « ACCOUNTING PRACTICE AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING IN INSTITUTIONAL THEORY PERSPECTIVE ». International Conference of Business and Social Sciences 3, no 1 (15 janvier 2024) : 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/icobuss.v3i1.403.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article documents and classifies sustainability accounting practices carried out by companies based on the frame of institutional theory. To achieve this goal, article writing is carried out based on reviews of articles published in various academic journals. The articles that were the object of the review were research papers that investigated the accounting implementation process and sustainability reporting in business entities. In the framework of institutional theory, the implementation of accounting and sustainability reporting by companies to date can be called a change (isomorphism) from conventional accounting practices. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the isomorphism can be further classified into three dimensions of the change process, namely (a) coercive isomorphism; (b) change through mimetic isomorphism; and (c) changes due to need or obligation (normative isomorphism). Thus, the results of the research show that not all of the accounting and sustainability reporting practices carried out by the company are based on the needs and obligations according to norms, but some are simply imitating or following along, some are even based on compulsion.
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Chattopadhyay, Ayan, et Somarata Chakraborty. « Performance Reflections on Quality Education in Respect of SDGs : A Re-Assessment of Indian States and UTs Using TOPSIS Approach ». Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no 1 (5 février 2019) : 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.1.1511.
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The success of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has led to the initiation of Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations, earmarking a time frame of 2016–2030 for its achievement. The Sustainable Development Goals framework consists of 17 goals and 169 targets within the three broader dimensions of economic, social and environmental development. The performance evaluation of Indian states and union territories, available in SDG India Index Baseline Report, 2018, has been recently concluded by NITI Aayog. Focusing on goal 4that puts thrust on quality education, NITI Aayog has considered 7 criteria capturing targets 4.1 besides 4.c and 36 alternatives (Indian states and union territories) within a multi criteria decision making environment where criteria weights are assumed to be equal, performance calculated on the basis of simple arithmetic average theory and missing value cases not considered in their computation. This simplistic approach partially captures the effect of complex interplay between the multiple criterions. The purpose of this paper is to re-evaluate the performance of Indian states and union territories with respect to goal 4of Sustainable Development Goals, as estimated by NITI Aayog. It also aims to provide a more holistic picture on performance ranking by incorporating varying weights of criteria, as obtained from Shannon’s entropy, and replacing arithmetic average theory with a more rigorous mathematical model within the domain of multi criteria decision making. In this study Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution have been used to generate an index for ranking alternatives and all missing values have been figured from expectation maximization algorithm. As expected, rank reversal phenomenon has been observed and a very low level of convergence between ranks obtained from the proposed approach and that of NITI Aayog emerges.
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Aguilar-López, Ricardo, Pablo A. López-Pérez, Gerardo Lara-Cisneros et Ricardo Femat. « Controlling a class of chaotic quantum system under disturbances and noisy measurements : Application to 1D Bose-Einstein condensate ». International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no 04 (23 février 2016) : 1650040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116500406.
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In this paper, a robust nonlinear feedback control scheme with adaptive gain is proposed to control the chaotic behavior in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). The control goal concerns the track or regulation purposes. The BEC system is represented as stochastic ordinary differential equations with measured output perturbed by Gaussian noise, which represents the nature of the quantum systems. The convergence of the BEC control law is analyzed under the frame of the Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical experiments show an adequate performance of the proposed methodology under the required conditions. The results are applicable when the shape of the condensate is sufficiently simple.
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WANG, WENG-HONE, et CHING-CHURN CHERN. « A STUDY ON DYNAMIC CHARACTERS FOR RC PORTAL FRAME UNDER SHAKING TABLE TEST BY USING HHT APPROACH ». Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 04, no 03 (juillet 2012) : 1250020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793536912500203.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The adaptive data analysis method adopted in this paper consists of essential empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) associated with down-sampling process and the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). Precise results can be obtained from data containing white noise in nonlinear system than the data from the common method of Fourier transform, which is based on the theory related to the linear systems. The reinforced concrete (RC) portal frame models had been tested by applying the 921 Chi-Chi earthquake acceleration data (TCU082NS) for shaking table tests. The investigation in this paper is aimed to analyze the dynamic characteristics according to these measured data during shaking table tests. The major goal in analyzing the earthquake data is to investigate the changes of frequencies decomposed to finite several intrinsic mode function (IMF), and the distributions of frequencies with respect to duration time, as well as the margin spectrum. The comparison studies of the HHT results for the frame, under nonlinear ultimate loading and linear elastic loading, might be able to ascertian the possible assessment approach for the frame. The finite element method is also adopted to analyze the stress distributions for the frame under ultimate loading and linear elastic loading respectively, and to figure out the differences between them. The possible assessment approach might be applied to health monitoring for RC structures such as buildings and bridges.
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Duan, Xiaoyi. « Sustainable Product Strategy System Frame from the Perspective of Transition Design ». Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 41, no 1 (10 novembre 2023) : 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/41/20232067.
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As an important means for enterprises to achieve sustainable development, sustainable product strategy has received increasing attention. In the study of sustainable product strategy, transition design is a relatively new and forward-looking research method that proposes a design philosophy and approach by focusing on the trends of future social, cultural, and technological changes, aiming to promote sustainable development and social innovation. This paper analyzes the sustainability issues of corporate product strategy through the STEEP and multi-level perspective (MLP) approaches and develops a product strategy framework under the perspective of transition design. Based on the evaluation of five energy consumptions throughout the product life cycle, a product design strategy process is proposed. By establishing a product strategy system that promotes positive economic, social, and ecological cycles of energy consumption at corresponding stages, this system can coordinate stakeholder interests, meet the goal of sustainable development for the enterprise, and shape sustainable lifestyles for users. This study adopts a research approach that combines a transitional design perspective, sustainable design theory, and systems thinking methods, which fills the gaps in traditional design research methods in sustainable product strategy, provides enterprises with more sustainable product design solutions and promote the realization of sustainable development.
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Miller, Paul B. W., et Paul R. Bahnson. « Continuing the Normative Dialog : Illuminating the Asset/Liability Theory ». Accounting Horizons 24, no 3 (1 septembre 2010) : 419–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2010.24.3.419.
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SYNOPSIS: This paper responds to the call in Dichev (2008) for rekindling the public discussion of normative accounting theories and analyses. Our goal is to enable and encourage members of the accounting academy to participate productively in dialogs with policy makers and to bring normative theory and analysis into their classrooms to help prepare students for more productive careers as practitioners or educators. Toward that end, we begin by explaining our position on the functional role for normativism. Next we offer up five guidelines to be applied in constructing and analyzing normative accounting theories. The guidelines are then used to frame a discussion of our version of the normative asset/liability theory of income measurement and financial position, especially its advantage of basing accounting measures on observed empirical data without relying on assumptions, predictions, and allocations. This theory is similar to and yet distinct from the one described in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Conceptual Framework and is quite different from the “balance sheet approach” criticized by Dichev. In the final section of the paper we use the guidelines to address several points in Dichev’s article and to suggest ways his analysis could be improved.
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Cheetham, Mark A. « The Crystal Interface in Contemporary Art : Metaphors of the Organic and Inorganic ». Leonardo 43, no 3 (juin 2010) : 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2010.43.3.250.
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What the author calls the “crystal interface” presents an opportunity to historicize and theorize the remarkable fascination with crystals found in contemporary art theory and practice. In aesthetics, science and art production, the crystal materializes intimations of transparency, of vitalistic transformation or of a purist stability. It powerfully articulates a line or gradation between the organic and inorganic. The author's goal is to create a context in which to understand the recourse to the crystal in contemporary art, specifically in the work of Roger Hiorns, David Altmejd and Gerard Caris. As a frame, the author examines Schopenhauer's, Worringer's and Deleuze and Guattari's adoption of the crystal as metaphor and material exemplar.
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Goberstein, Simon M. « Correspondences of completely regular semigroups and -isomorphisms of semigroups ». Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh : Section A Mathematics 125, no 3 (1995) : 625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500032728.
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A correspondence of a semigroup S is any subsemigroup of S × S, and the set of all correspondences of S, with the operations of composition and involution and the relation of set-theoretic inclusion, forms the bundle of correspondences of S, denoted by (S). For semigroups S and T, any isomorphism of (S) onto (T) is called a -isomorphism of S upon T. Similar notion can be introduced for other types of algebras and in the general frame of category theory. The principal goal of this paper is to study -isomorphisms of completely regular semigroups (that is, unions of groups) and of one other interesting class of semigroups.
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Hayati, Salma, Lailatussaadah, Mujiburrahman, Yusriman, Amiratun Nisak et Nargis An-Nazary. « Desain Pengabdian Pembinaan Mudabbir-Mudabbirah dalam Pengasuhan Santri dengan Pendekatan Mau’idhah Hasanah pada Dayah Boarding School ». Jurnal Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no 2 (1 juillet 2023) : 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jrpm.v3i2.3210.
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The purpose of this service-based research is to design the mentoring of mudabbir-mudabbirah in the care of santri with a mau'idhah hasanah approach in dayah of boarding school. The research method used is research and development based on Sugiyono which refers to the theory of Borg and Gall and takes three (3) steps; potential and problems, data collection and activity design. The data were analyzed in a qualitative descriptive. The results of the service-based research of mudabbir mudabbirah mentoring in nurturing santri with mau'idhah hasanah were carried out using a five-stage frame of reference; input, activities, output, purpose and goal.
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Grissom, Donita, Joyce Nutta, Edwidge Crevecoeur-Bryant et Sherron Roberts. « Exploring the phenomenon of hope in adult illiterate Haitians ». Journal of Global Education and Research 7, no 1 (mars 2023) : 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2577-509x.7.1.1167.
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Snyder's hope theory depicts hope, through the frame of positive psychology, as a cognitive construct with the perceived sense of goal-directed, pathways, and agency thinking (Snyder et al., 1991). Hope levels have been measured in various countries; however, no research to date focused on Haitians. This study, conducted in Petit-Goâve, Haiti, addressed this gap by investigating hope, pathway, and agency levels derived from 135 Haitian-Kreyol adult literacy course participants. This manuscript reports scores of illiterate Haitians' hope levels utilizing Snyder's Adult Hope Dispositional Scale; the scores are explained by Snyder's hope theory taking Haitian cultural and social landscapes into account. Despite the challenging environment and illiterate conditions, Haitian participants reported just below average hope levels, average pathway levels, and low agency levels. These findings suggested this population garnered hope in their everyday lives, despite difficult obstacles.
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Glavan, Dražen, Shinji Mukohyama et Tom Zlosnik. « Removing spurious degrees of freedom from EFT of gravity ». Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2025, no 01 (1 janvier 2025) : 111. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/111.
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Abstract In the effective field theory approach to gravity, the Lagrangian density for general relativity is supplemented by generally covariant terms of higher order in the Riemann tensor and its derivatives. At face value, these terms will result in higher derivative equations of motion and additional degrees of freedom beyond those of general relativity. This is seemingly at odds with the goal of effective field theory which is to encode ultraviolet corrections in terms of existing low energy degrees of freedom. Here we apply an action-based procedure for the removal of spurious degrees of freedom for the case of general relativity supplemented by a term cubic in the Riemann tensor. To the order we work in, the resulting reduced theory takes the form of minimally modified gravity, which is a class of modified gravity theories that propagate just the massless spin-2 graviton, but exhibit a preferred frame at short distances due to a deformation of time diffeomorphisms. Our work suggests that this class of theories can be understood as an effective theory of gravity, capturing effects of unknown ultraviolet physics.
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Astapenko, Valery, Andrei Letunov et Valery Lisitsa. « From the Vector to Scalar Perturbations Addition in the Stark Broadening Theory of Spectral Lines ». Universe 7, no 6 (2 juin 2021) : 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7060176.
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The effect of plasma Coulomb microfied dynamics on spectral line shapes is under consideration. The analytical solution of the problem is unachievable with famous Chandrasekhar–Von-Neumann results up to the present time. The alternative methods are connected with modeling of a real ion Coulomb field dynamics by approximate models. One of the most accurate theories of ions dynamics effect on line shapes in plasmas is the Frequency Fluctuation Model (FFM) tested by the comparison with plasma microfield numerical simulations. The goal of the present paper is to make a detailed comparison of the FFM results with analytical ones for the linear and quadratic Stark effects in different limiting cases. The main problem is connected with perturbation additions laws known to be vector for small particle velocities (static line shapes) and scalar for large velocities (the impact limit). The general solutions for line shapes known in the frame of scalar perturbation additions are used to test the FFM procedure. The difference between “scalar” and “vector” models is demonstrated both for linear and quadratic Stark effects. It is shown that correct transition from static to impact limits for linear Stark-effect needs in account of the dependence of electric field jumping frequency in FFM on the field strengths. However, the constant jumping frequency is quite satisfactory for description of the quadratic Stark-effect. The detailed numerical comparison for spectral line shapes in the frame of both scalar and vector perturbation additions with and without jumping frequency field dependence for the linear and quadratic Stark effects is presented.
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Kroumov, Alexander, Maya Zaharieva et Hristo Najdenski. « System Analysis Theory Applied for Development of Microalgae Processes and Photobioreactors in the Frame of Integral Biorefinery Concept ». International Journal Bioautomation 28, no 4 (décembre 2024) : 221–32. https://doi.org/10.7546/ijba.2024.28.4.001037.
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Microalgae technology involves many steps of unit operations and is connected with global warming and pandemic problems because of the unique features of algal cells. Studying sophisticated systems cannot be without special mathematical tools and approaches that combine knowledge from many research areas. The system analysis theory applied in biotechnology with great success can be applied by principles of analogy to microalgae cultivation of cells in CO2 fixation from flue gases in innovative closed photobioreactors (PBRs) where the products of biomass can have performed antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral and other activities by challenging chemical agents. Recently, a multifunctional algology laboratory was created at the Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology by applying knowledge in state of the art. The goal of this work was to summarize the 40 years of experience of the authors in this area and to show how this was realized by innovative engineering solutions for studying and developing the microalgae system. Special attention was paid to the development of hybrid, innovative PBRs with the aim of fully revealing the potential of microalgae strains not only for the complete absorption of CO2 from flue gases but also for the synthesis of high-value products (HVP) with antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer activity.
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Petrosyan, Armen E. « Whirling in between the personal and the impersonal ». Journal of Management History 25, no 2 (18 avril 2019) : 257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-10-2018-0056.
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Purpose The paper aims to present a systematic conceptual analysis of the problem of organizational goal and to reduce the insights into it provided by the main conceptions taken in their development from one to another, to break out of the ruling paradigm and outline a new solution. Design/methodology/approach The study has been carried out from the historical and critical perspective. Findings The paper discovers the logic of the evolution the approaches to organizational goals have undergone and portrays it in a matrix form in the heart of which is the “zigzag effect”: each posterior stage returns to the essential elements rejected by those preceding it, and the last stage, being diametrically opposite to the first, is, at that, as well as the latter, akin to the intermediate stages. The opportunities afforded by the current paradigm have been exhausted and it seems to run to an impasse. Instead, the author suggests a new frame of orientation: organizational goals are closely interknit with personal, but not reducible to them and bear fundamentally transpersonal character, while the mechanism of involving the preferences of individuals and groups in goal-setting is based on the self-contained interests of the organization they pertain to. Research limitations/implications The findings, conclusions and generalizations obtained can serve for a necessary ground to researchers getting deeper into the essence of what bonds organizational life and activity. Practical implications The material empowers practitioners to comprehend the difficulties of framing cohesive goal and find efficient ways to overcome them. It is of value also to the teachers seeking to present a more exact and elaborate view of teleological foundations of management and organization theory. Originality/value Both the conceptual analysis of the evolution of the approaches to organizational goals and the author’s exposition of its logic and vision of their nature are provided for the first time.
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Woods, Derek. « Genre at Earth Magnitude : A Theory of Climate Fiction ». New Literary History 54, no 2 (mars 2023) : 1143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2023.a907162.
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Abstract: What critics and publishers now call climate fiction is a growing genre that captures significant critical attention. This essay theorizes the relation between two of the genre's features, one formal and one political, in the scale frame they address: the planetary scale of climate, or what many scientists call the Earth system. The archive that articulates these features consists of a popular, digital discourse about climate fiction, much of which appeared since Hurricane Sandy. Instead of looking at individual works or narrating their history, I read this popular "metagenre" to draw out its implicit theory of the genre. According to the metagenre, climate fiction's abstract features consist of a didactic purpose and a normative form. Climate fiction's purpose, whatever its social effects, is ultimately to contribute to planetary climate stability. Second, the genre's definitive form is (or should be) extrapolative realism. Extrapolative realist narrative builds on scientific consensus to imagine plausible futures. The striking thing about climate fiction is that its purpose and form exist in a contradictory or inversely proportional relationship. If the genre fulfills its goal by contributing to the equilibrium of the climate, then its verisimilitude will diminish. If the climate continues to destabilize, then the genre's realism will have been vindicated at the expense of its purpose. Climate fiction is unique because it promises extrapolative realism in the content of individual novels and films but does so in the constitutive and paradoxical presence of a goal that would prevent such future climates from materializing. The point of analyzing climate fiction's constitutive paradox between purpose and realism is not to revel in irony, leave the final word to ideology critique, or dismiss the popular aesthetics of climate fiction. Rather, this paradox can be generalized to the worldview or grand narrative of the Anthropocene: the contradiction between climate fiction's purpose and form sheds light on a more general temporal structure bound up with technocracy and scientific legitimation.
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Qin, Miao, Yongchuan Tang et Junhao Wen. « An Improved Total Uncertainty Measure in the Evidence Theory and Its Application in Decision Making ». Entropy 22, no 4 (24 avril 2020) : 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040487.
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Dempster–Shafer evidence theory (DS theory) has some superiorities in uncertain information processing for a large variety of applications. However, the problem of how to quantify the uncertainty of basic probability assignment (BPA) in DS theory framework remain unresolved. The goal of this paper is to define a new belief entropy for measuring uncertainty of BPA with desirable properties. The new entropy can be helpful for uncertainty management in practical applications such as decision making. The proposed uncertainty measure has two components. The first component is an improved version of Dubois–Prade entropy, which aims to capture the non-specificity portion of uncertainty with a consideration of the element number in frame of discernment (FOD). The second component is adopted from Nguyen entropy, which captures conflict in BPA. We prove that the proposed entropy satisfies some desired properties proposed in the literature. In addition, the proposed entropy can be reduced to Shannon entropy if the BPA is a probability distribution. Numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency and superiority of the proposed measure as well as an application in decision making.
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Kauppi, Katri, et Erik M. van Raaij. « Opportunism and Honest Incompetence—Seeking Explanations for Noncompliance in Public Procurement ». Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25, no 3 (29 janvier 2014) : 953–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mut081.
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Abstract This article utilizes agency theory to explain maverick buying in governmental agencies, that is, noncompliance to centrally negotiated frame agreements. Traditional agency theory assumes the agent to be an opportunistic self-interest seeker. A complementary view of agency problems portrays man as an honest, yet not fully competent, actor; both agents and principals may be burdened by “honest incompetence.” We apply both perspectives on principal-agent relationships to study maverick buying in government procurement and link agency problems to three governance mechanisms: monitoring, training, and guidance. We find that guidance and training help to reduce governmental employees’ noncompliance, but output monitoring does not. Our findings further indicate that maverick buying is related to goal incongruence and two different types of information asymmetry: Agency problems may arise not only because the agent has information the principal is not aware of but also because the principal may have information the agent is not aware of. Future research in public management using agency theory to study instances of hidden action could benefit from applying a similar dual lens to behaviors previously examined as purely opportunistic.
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COX, GARY W. « A Comment on Browne and Patterson’s ‘An Empirical Theory of Rational Nominating Behaviour Applied to Japanese District Elections’ ». British Journal of Political Science 29, no 3 (juin 1999) : 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123499210265.
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In this Note, I comment briefly on Browne and Patterson's interesting article on rational nominating behaviour in Japan. Their empirical results appear sound. Where I differ is mostly in how to interpret them.Browne and Patterson frame their article as providing ‘a critical empirical test of the proposition that the nominating behaviour of Japanese parties is based on rational calculation’. Presumably Browne and Patterson did not mean to claim that they were testing the rationality assumption, as such a thing would be problematic from the usual Lakatosian view of social science. Instead, what they are really aiming at are previous studies that either directly impugn the ability of Japanese nominators to deduce and implement optimal seat-maximizing solutions to the nomination problems posed by Japan's former electoral system or that report ‘error rates’ that appear to them to call into question whether the nominators' main goal really could have been seat maximization.
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Yamin, Moh, Ajah Saputra et Nurhamsi Deswila. « Enhancing Critical Thinking in Analyzing Short Story “The Lazy Jack” Viewed from Identity Theory ». Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) 3, no 1 (20 avril 2020) : 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v3i1.9948.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper aims to describe and discuss the messages and meanings of the short story “The Lazy Jack”. The significance of this research is for building new frame that analyzing literary work is only viewed from the setting or character in a simple manner, but also can be viewed from identity theory assisted with critical thinking as the thinking approach rationally and based on the reason. The basis of reasoning is based on the researchers’ capacity in deepening and learning the situations and conflict happening to the character in the story. It is qualitative research in which the data collection is started from coding obtained from the text “The Lazy Jack” in line with the goal of the research. The result of this research shows that Jack does not have a firm personal identity, firm life principle, life vision, and struggling for survival. He is the one dependent on others although he always fails to learn to be better. It means that Jack is without personal and social identity.