Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Goal Frame Theory »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Goal Frame Theory"
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Armbruster, Scott T., Rajesh V. Manchanda et Ngan Vo. « When Are Loss Frames More Effective in Climate Change Communication ? An Application of Fear Appeal Theory ». Sustainability 14, no 12 (17 juin 2022) : 7411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127411.
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This study investigated how goal frames (gain, non-loss, loss) either with or without efficacy statements affect consumers’ support for climate-change policy. Addressing the goal-framing literature’s difficulty in establishing a guiding theory with consistent findings, we (1) propose fear appeal theory as an alternative framework to guide goal-framing research; (2) test five fear appeal variables (fear, perceived threat, hope, perceived efficacy, and message processing) as mediators of goal-framing effects on policy support; and (3) highlight four common goal-framing confounds that may partly underlie the literature’s inconsistent findings. Aligning with fear appeal theory, results from a carefully controlled experiment revealed that a more threatening loss frame paired with an efficacy statement produced the strongest pro-policy attitudes and the greatest willingness-to-pay by successfully balancing fear/threat with hope/efficacy and by producing deeper message processing.
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Christensen, O., et Mads Sielemann Jakobsen. « DUAL PAIRS OF GABOR FRAMES FOR TRIGONOMETRIC GENERATORS WITHOUT THE PARTITION OF UNITY PROPERTY ». Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 04, no 04 (décembre 2011) : 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557111000460.
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Frames is a strong tool to obtain series expansions in Hilbert spaces under less restrictive conditions than imposed by orthonormal bases. In order to apply frame theory it is necessary to construct a pair of so called dual frames. The goal of the article is to provide explicit constructions of dual pairs of frames having Gabor structure. Unlike the results presented in the literature we do not base the constructions on a generator satisfying the partition of unity constraint.
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Windzio, Michael. « The “Social Brain,” Reciprocity, and Social Network Segregation along Ethnic Boundaries ». Human Nature 31, no 4 (décembre 2020) : 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-020-09382-5.
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AbstractHow does segregation along ethnic boundaries emerge in social networks? Human evolution resulted in highly social beings, capable of prosociality, mindreading, and self-control, which are important aspects of the “social brain.” Our neurophysiologically “wired” social cognition implies different cognitive goal frames. In line with recent developments in behavioral theory, the present study defines network ties as episodes of social exchange. This dynamic definition can account for shifts in goal frames during an exchange episode: whereas deliberate choice and hedonic or gain goals drive the initiation of a tie, given the opportunity structure, the normative goal frame activates a strong dynamic effect of reciprocity, which limits actors’ choice set and appears as “self-organization” at the network level. Longitudinal analyses of 18 birthday party networks comprising 501 students support the definition of network ties as exchange episodes, as well as the relevance of humans’ inherent tendency to reciprocate. However, reciprocation is much stronger in dyads of the same ethnicity than in dyads of different ethnicities. Network segregation along ethnic boundaries results from deliberate decisions during the initiation of an episode, but also from different commitments to reciprocity during the ongoing exchange process, depending on intra or interethnic dyadic constellations.
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Yuan, De You. « The Stability and Perturbation of Bivariate Gabor Frames and Applications in Material Engineering ». Advanced Materials Research 721 (juillet 2013) : 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.737.
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Material science broadly encompasses the fundamental study of solid matter with the goal of engineering new materials with superior properties, and ultimately enabling altogether new types of devices The window functions and bivariate Gabor frames are introduced. The existence of bivariate Gabor frames with compact support is discussed. Sufficient conditions for irregular bivariate Gabor system to be frames are presented by means of frame multiresolution analysis and paraunitary vector filter bank theory. An algorithm for constructing a sort of orthogonal bivariate vector-valued wavelets with compact support is proposed, and their properties are investigated. The pyramid decomposition scheme is derived based on a generalized multiresolution structure.
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Malik Ibrahim, Halimah, Nurma Dwi Larasati et Kirina Maynastiti Cahyaning Putri. « Communication Psychology in the Frame of Da'wah : Urgency and Theory ». Jurnal Audiens 4, no 4 (2 janvier 2024) : 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jas.v4i4.296.
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The role of communication psychology is certainly very important in providing advice and input related to the problems of each individual, including a preacher in delivering his da'wah message to mad'u. When preaching a da'i needs to understand the psychological condition of the object of da'wah (mad'u) as well as himself as a communicator so that the messages conveyed take place effectively in achieving the desired goal. This study aims to understand and analyze the psychology of communication in the frame of da'wah by describing urgency. In addition, it analyzes the theories of communication psychology in da'wah. This research uses library research methods and data collection techniques using documentation. The results showed that the psychology of communication in the process of da'wah is very important, because without the psychology of communication a da'i cannot convey the message of da'wah effectively and maximally. Some of the psychological theories of da'wah communication contained in these findings include persuasion theory, planned action theory, elaboration of likelihood model (ELM), systematic heuristic theory, cognitive response theory, cognitive dissonance theory, and learning theory.
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Zang, Ya Ting, et Yong Sheng Zhang. « The Optimization Design of the Explosion-Proof Steel Frame Structure Considering the Material Plastic ». Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (mai 2011) : 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.160.
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Taking the structure construction cost as the optimized goal, the optimization design is carried on the steel frame structure considering the material plastic, under the explosion load. According to the prevailing steel structure design codes GB50017-2002, the model of steel frame structures is established. The results show that the theory and calculation method is reasonable, which will have a guide in the future.
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Weitl-Harms, Sherri, Adam Spanier, John Hastings et Matthew Rokusek. « Framing Gamification in Undergraduate Cybersecurity Education ». Journal of The Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education 10, no 1 (8 mars 2023) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53735/cisse.v10i1.161.
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Gamification presents potential benefits in courses that traditionally require the comprehension of complex concepts and a high level of technical and abstract thinking. Courses in Cyber Security Operations (CSO) undergraduate education meet these criterion. This research evaluates organizational constructs that have been applied to gamification applications (GAs) in CSO education. It utilizes framing theory and frame-reflective discourse analysis to outline frames based on engagement levels and analyzes the current distribution of GAs. The following organizational constructs for GAs in data structures and algorithms education apply to CSO education: Enhanced Examination (EE), Visualization of Abstract Ideas (VAI), Dynamic Gamification (DG), Social and Collaborative Engagement (SGE), and Collaborative Gamification Development (CGD). Three additional frames are identified: Missions and Quests (MQ), Simulations (Sim) and Aspirational Learning (AL). MQ GAs have process-driven quests, stories, and/or descriptive scenarios to augment engagement. Sim GAs use environmental immersion to demonstrate real world problem solving while allowing freedom of movement. AL GAs use goal-based designs like Capture The Flag (CTF) missions to enhance engagement. Twenty-seven existing CSO GAs fit within the MQ frame as CSO education lends itself well to these types of experiences. Seventeen CSO GAs fall within the AL GA frame, many of these manifesting as CTF missions. Seventeen CSO GAs fit in the EE Frame due to their optimization in the analysis of learning progress. Nine Sim GAs were successfully deployed in CSO education, followed by 4 VAI, 3 SGE, and 3 DG GAs.
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Coulson, Seana, et Esther Pascual. « For the sake of argument ». Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 4 (25 octobre 2006) : 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.4.07cou.
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Attested instances of persuasive discourse were examined from the perspective of conceptual blending theory to reveal that serious argumentative points are often made via the construction of unrealistic blended cognitive models. The unrealistic character of these models is often related to compression, a process by which complex relationships are reconstrued with simpler, more familiar concepts. These examples show how speakers’ compressions enable them to strategically frame controversial issues, and to evoke particular sorts of affective responses consistent with their argumentative goals. Analysis points to various constraints on blending. Besides the constitutive and governing principles outlined by Fauconnier & Turner (2002), conceptual integration operations are greatly constrained by the frames and cultural models of a particular community, together with overall knowledge of the communicative event, the cognitive task, the issues dealt with, and the discursive goal. The paper focuses on pre-natal and post-mortem blends in “pro-life” rhetoric and judicial argumentation.
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Wilson, Mark R., Samuel J. Vine et Greg Wood. « The Influence of Anxiety on Visual Attentional Control in Basketball Free Throw Shooting ». Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 31, no 2 (avril 2009) : 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.2.152.
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The aim of this study was to test the predictions of attentional control theory using the quiet eye period as an objective measure of attentional control. Ten basketball players took free throws in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. Point of gaze was measured using an ASL Mobile Eye tracker and fixations including the quiet eye were determined using frame-by-frame analysis. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in significant reductions in the duration of the quiet eye period and free throw success rate, thus supporting the predictions of attentional control theory. Anxiety impaired goal-directed attentional control (quiet eye period) at the expense of stimulus-driven control (more fixations of shorter duration to various targets). The findings suggest that attentional control theory may be a useful theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in visuomotor sport skills.
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Susilawati, Made, Unti Ludigdo, Gugus Irianto et Zaki Baridwan. « Frame Value of Strategic Management Accounting Based on The Balance of Tri Kaya Parisudha ». Accounting and Finance Review (AFR) Vol.1(1) Dec. 2016 1, no 1 (9 décembre 2016) : 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/afr.2016.1.1(9).
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Objective - Hinduism presupposes all life activities. This includes Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) which could maintain life's equilibrium by practising the goal of life suggested by the Tri Kaya Parisudha (TKP). In general, SMA does not have a framework of reference for accountants to manage functions and to contribute to decision making. In that regard, this paper aims to develop a frame value for SMA based on the cooperatives noted in the Hindu orientation of the TKP. Methodology/Technique - The method employed to analyze data is the combined development of grounded theory(GT) and intersubjective analysis. The frame value for SMA consists of three elements of manacika(center of strategic thinking) followed by wacika and kayikaas noted in the dharma of the TKP. Findings - The findings show that the synergy of the framework is based on mind control (manacika) which impacts on wacika and kayika in SMA. This synergy impacts on the equilibrium between materials (sekala) and non-materials (niskala) in the dharma for the purpose of reaching the goal synergy. Novelty - The combination of the intersubjective approach and the GT approach helps to uncover the correlation patterns of the core category noted in the establishment of the SMA's value framework. This is derived from the TKP's equilibrium through the story line. Type of Paper Review Keywords: Internalization, Life Equilibrium, Goals Synergy, System, Dharma. JEL Classification: M41, P25.
Thèses sur le sujet "Goal Frame Theory"
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Jezierski, Théo. « L'acceptabilité sociale d'un outil numérique de prévention des inondations : l'influence de la perception du risque et de la perception de contrôle ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nîmes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NIME0009.
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Cette thèse s’articule autour de la conception d’un outil de prévention numérique face aux inondations. Notre travail suit deux objectifs : déterminer les leviers psychologiques permettant d’améliorer l’acceptabilité sociale a priori de l’outil, et évaluer l’efficacité de l’outil une fois sa conception avancée. Nous répondons à ces objectifs grâce à trois études. Dans la première, nous utilisons la Théorie des Buts Cadres afin de déterminer quelle grande motivation est la plus importante – au regard des perceptions du risque et de contrôle – pour améliorer l’acceptabilité de l’application. Nos résultats nous indiquent que la motivation Normative, centrée sur les aspects collectifs, est la plus efficace afin d’amener les individus vers l’outil. De plus, la perception du risque reste un bon prédicteur de l’acceptabilité de l’outil. Ensuite, dans l’objectif de pouvoir mesurer spécifiquement la perception de contrôle des inondations des individus, nous avons procédé à la validation d’une adaptation de l’échelle des Sphères de Contrôle. Nos analyses montrent une structure factorielle correcte en trois facteurs : Contrôle des inondations, Contrôle personnel, Nature contrôlable. Nous pouvons ainsi l’utiliser dans notre dernière étude portant sur l’évaluation de l’outil numérique. Nous mesurons au cours d’une étude pré/post en trois temps (avant – après – 2 semaines après) l’effet de l’outil sur les perceptions du risque et de contrôle des participants. Nous comparons aussi l’outil à une vidéo sur le risque climatique servant de groupe contrôle. Nos résultats indiquent que les connaissances et la perception de contrôle des inondations augmente plus que le groupe contrôle après l’utilisation de l’outil. Cependant, notre étude semble très couteuse, ce qui a pu biaiser nos autres résultats.Cette thèse a permis de comprendre que la Théorie des Buts Cadres – qui n’avait jamais été utilisée dans le champ des risques – peut être un bon prédicteur de l’acceptabilité lorsqu’elle est accompagné de la perception des risques. Ce travail a permis la réalisation d’un encart spécifique au sein de l’outil afin de renforcer leur motivation à utiliser ce dernier. Nous avons également montré que l’outil pouvait améliorer les connaissances des individus ainsi que leurs perceptions des comportements à mettre en place en prévention d’une inondationThis thesis focuses on the design of a digital flood prevention tool. Our work has two objectives: to determine the psychological levers that can be used to improve the tool's a priori social acceptability, and to evaluate the tool's effectiveness once it has been designed. We are meeting these objectives through three studies. In the first, we use Goal Frame Theory to determine which major motivation is the most important - with regard to perceptions of risk and control - for improving the acceptability of the application. Our results show that normative motivation, which focuses on collective aspects, is the most effective in getting individuals to use the tool. Furthermore, the perception of risk remains a good predictor of the tool's acceptability. Next, with the aim of being able to specifically measure individuals' perception of flood control, we validated an adaptation of the Spheres of Control scale. Our analyses show a correct factor structure in three factors: Flood Control, Personal Control, Controllable Nature. We can therefore use it in our latest study on the evaluation of the digital tool. In a three-stage pre/post study (before - after - 2 weeks after), we measure the effect of the tool on participants' perceptions of risk and control. We also compared the tool with a video on climate risk used as a control group. Our results indicate that participants' knowledge and perception of flood control increased more than the control group after using the tool. However, our study appears to be very expensive, which may have biased our other results.This thesis enabled us to understand that Framework Goal Theory - which had never been used in the field of risk - can be a good predictor of acceptability when accompanied by risk perception. This work led to the creation of a specific insert within the tool to reinforce their motivation to use it. We also showed that the tool could improve people's knowledge and perceptions of the behaviours they should adopt to prevent flooding
Livres sur le sujet "Goal Frame Theory"
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Maugeri, Giuseppe, et Graziano Serragiotto. L’insegnamento della lingua italiana in Giappone Uno studio di caso sul Kansai. Venice : Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-525-4.
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This research stems from the need of the Italian Cultural Institute to map the institutions involved in teaching Italian in the area considered and to analyse the quality of the teaching and learning process of the Italian language. The objectives are multiple and linked to the importance of finding the causes that slow the growth of the study of Italian in Japanese Kansai. Therefore, the first part of this action research will outline the cultural and linguistic education coordinates that characterize the Japanese context; in the second part, the research data will be interpreted in order to trace new methodological development trajectories to increase the quality of the Italian teaching process in Kansai.Part 1 This part focuses on the situation of foreign language teaching in Japan. It also describes the strategies to promote the teaching of the Italian language in Japan from 1980 to now. 1 Modern Language Policy in Japan Between Past and Present This first chapter describes linguistic policy for the promotion of foreign languages in Japan by the Ministry of Education (MEXT). 2 Japanese Educational System Focus of this chapter are the cultural, pedagogical and linguistic education characteristics of the context under investigation. 3 Teaching Italian Language in Japan The purpose of this chapter is to outline the general frame of the spreading of the Italian cultural model in a traditional Japanese context. Part 2In the second part the action research and the training project design are described. 4 The Action-Research Project This chapter describes the overall design of the research and the research questions that inspired an investigation in the context under study. The aim is to understand whether there is a link between the methodological choices of the teachers and the difficulties in learning Italian for Japanese students. Part 3 In this third part, the situation of teaching Italian in relation to different learning contexts in Japanese Kansai will be examined. 5 A Case Study at Italian Culture Institute in Osaka The goals of this chapter are to analyse the problems of teaching Italian at the IIC and suggest methodological improvement paths for teachers of Italian language at IIC. 6 A Case Study at Osaka University The data obtained by the informants will be used to analyse the situation of the teaching of Italian at Department of Italian language of this university and suggest curricular and methodological improvements to increase the quality of teaching and learning Italian. 7 A Case Study at Kyoto Sangyo University The chapter outlines the methodological and technical characteristics used to teach Italian at Kyoto Sangyo University and suggests strategies aimed at enhancing students’ language learning.
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Halbesleben, Jonathon, et Tom Bellairs. What Are the Motives for Employees to Exhibit Citizenship Behavior ? : A Review of Prosocial and Instrumental Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Sous la direction de Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie et Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.16.
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In this chapter, we review the literature concerning motives for engaging in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and frame this review within the broader literature on the functional, goal-driven approach to behavior. We extend this approach by viewing OCB in a context of one’s future work self—aspirations based on one’s salient view of his or her future in a work context—and how individuals can accomplish many goals through a single behavior (i.e., multifinality) or substitute various means (i.e., equifinality) in order to best satisfy goal-driven approaches to connect individuals to their ideal future work selves. In essence, we argue that people are motivated to select behaviors that give them the best opportunity to achieve their future goals with respect to work, which often manifests as OCBs.
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Machery, Edouard, Stephen Stich, David Rose, Amita Chatterjee, Kaori Karasawa, Noel Struchiner, Smita Sirker, Naoki Usui et Takaaki Hashimoto. Gettier Was Framed ! Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865085.003.0007.
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Gettier cases describe situations where an agent possesses a justified true belief that p, without, at least according to mainstream analytic epistemology, knowing that p, while the “Gettier intuition” is the judgment that a protagonist in a Gettier case does not know the relevant proposition. Our goal in this chapter is to show that we can make the Gettier intuition compelling or underwhelming by presenting it in different contexts. We report a surprising order effect whereby people find the Gettier intuition less compelling when a case describing a justified but false belief is presented before a Gettier case. We also report a surprising framing effect: two Gettier cases that differ only in their philosophically irrelevant narrative details elicit substantially different judgments. Finally, we discuss the metaphilosophical implications of these effects.
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Diamond, Lisa M. Contemporary Theory in the Study of Intimacy, Desire, and Sexuality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190658540.003.0012.
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This chapter reviews contemporary theory and research on romantic love, sexual desire, and sexual orientation, highlighting some of the most intriguing recent developments and future questions, and taking a fundamentally interdisciplinary approach that seeks to integrate different disciplinary perspectives (biological, evolutionary, psychological, cultural). A chief goal of the chapter is to move beyond many of the hackneyed and simplistic “nature/nurture” debates that continue to dominate work in this area. It provides a forum in which different frames of reference—and the tensions between them—can be engaged to highlight the nuances and complexities of human experience. Topics discussed include romantic love, sexual desire, sexual orientation, and change over time in the expression of sexuality.
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Rizzo, Matteo. ‘Life is War’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0003.
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This chapter has two goals. First, it unpacks the private sector, asking who owns what in the bus public transport sector to reveal the significance of socio-economic differentiation and class. Drawing on grey literature, a labour relations questionnaire, newspapers, and interviews with bus owners and workers, the chapter shows that informal and highly precarious wage employment relationships are central to understanding why private buses operate as they do. The second goal is to question the claim that informal wage employment hardly exists. The categories and terms with which workers describe their employment situation are contrasted with those used to frame the questions in the 2006 Labour Force Survey. The analysis scrutinizes how key employment concepts and terms have been translated from English, and how the translation biases respondents’ answers towards ‘self-employment’, thus contributing to the invisibility of wage labour in statistics on employment in the informal economy.
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Miron-Spektor, Ella, et Miriam Erez. Looking at Creativity through a Paradox Lens. Sous la direction de Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski et Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.22.
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This chapter contributes to the research and practice of creativity by increasing awareness of the inherently paradoxical nature of creativity, and offering strategies for managing the paradox. The authors’ framework delineates contradictory yet interrelated creativity outcomes, processes and identities of individuals, leaders, and groups. They highlight the paradox of creativity from multiple perspectives and suggest that when engaging in creativity, people experience paradoxical thoughts, processes, goals, identities, and perspectives. Creative people need to be generative and evaluative, flexible and persistent, passionate and disciplined, and learning and performance orientated. Drawing from related research on innovation management, attention control, and goal setting, we discuss strategies for achieving both novelty and usefulness including using paradoxical frames, task switching, pursuing contradictory goals, and gaining experience in different cultural contexts that stress different aspects of the creative process.
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Troberg, Michelle, et Heather Burnett. From Latin to Modern French : A punctuated shift. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0008.
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This chapter presents data that challenge the prevailing assumption that as Latin evolves into French, it passes gradually from a satellite-framed language to a verb-framed language. In fact, Medieval French presents an unexpected intermediate stage, a grammar that includes a number of satellite-framed constructions that are present neither in Latin nor in Modern French (verb particles, goal-of-motion constructions, complex adjectival resultative constructions). Moreover, there is evidence that these constructions disappear abruptly during the same period. We provide a micro-parametric account for the presence of verb particles and goal-of-motion constructions in Medieval French whereby both are made possible through the presence of a null Path morpheme having the meaning of TO, which arises as early as Late Latin, as the Latin telicizing prefixes become decreasingly salient.
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Lambacher, Jason. The Limits of Freedom and the Freedom of Limits. Sous la direction de Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer et David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.27.
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When we conceive of “freedom” as the absence of limitations, it is easy to associate green politics with coercion and restriction. This troubling linkage frames environmentalism as hostile to freedom as such, and even leads many green theorists to doubt its relevance to environmental political theory. Is this, however, a narrow way of thinking about the concept of freedom and its relationship to environmentalism? Can freedom be greened to enhance ways of life that advance environmental goals? There are good reasons to think that it can. Green concepts of freedom not only offer salient critiques of ecologically destructive modes of freedom, they also open up creative aspirations to live autonomously and meaningfullywithinecological constraints. Ignoring the potential of freedom as a productive concept in environmental political theory overlooks powerful sources of motivation, experimentation, and political resonance. Green theorists should therefore work with, and not avoid, discourses of freedom in order to explore visions of individual, social, and ecological flourishing.
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Ferguson, Kathy E., et Sharain Sasheir Naylor. Militarization and War. Sous la direction de Lisa Disch et Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.26.
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This chapter explores two major feminist questions about war and militarization and makes use of five key concepts to address those questions. The first question concerns how we frame our questions: are feminists primarily asking “where are the women?” in war and in militarized societies or are we primarily asking, “how is war gendered?” The second question concerns feminists’ political goals: are we trying to reform militaries in order to achieve fairness and equality for women, or are we working to transform societies so that they are less militaristic? We argue that both sets of questions and goals are important, even though they stand in tension with one another. We make use of, and interrogate, the concepts of gender, intersectionality, war, militarization, and securitization to guide our inquiry, and we make several suggestions to guide future feminist research and teaching on militarization and war.
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Gallagher, Gary W. Contested Loyalty. Sous la direction de Robert M. Sandow. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823279753.001.0001.
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This collection of ten essays explores the contested meanings of patriotismin the Civil War North. The words “loyalty” and “duty” vibrated across Northern society but what did they mean? How were they to be demonstrated? The central goal of this study is to scrutinize how notions of loyalty were debated and defined under the pressures of a long and destructive war. The chapters within eavesdrop on conversations about loyalty in many contexts within Northern society. Some of those settings offer a familiar frame of reference, surveying the newspapers, pamphlets, letters, and speeches that evidence partisan definitions of loyalty. These scholars, however, strain to hear those voices not just in the statehouses and capital buildings but in the churches, colleges, workshops, city streets, military camps, and even bedrooms of ordinary northern people. What emerges is not a unified consensus on loyal actions and values but a patchwork of experiences in which the meaning of loyalty was often stretched and strained for differing and sometimes conflicting purposes.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Goal Frame Theory"
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Kuroda, Kazuo, et Lauren Nakasato. « The Historical Development of SDG4 : Evolution of the Global Governance of Education ». Dans Sustainable Development Goals Series, 37–53. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4859-6_3.
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AbstractSustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) aims to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”. This chapter describes the historical development of SDG4 by tracing the history of three fundamental approaches to international education development underlying the goal: education for peace, education as a human right and education for socio-economic development. The approaches are then used to frame discussion of three prominent academic debates and perspectives in research in educational development: (1) the external and internal efficiency of education; (2) “education for development”, “educational development” and “education and development” and (3) dependency theoryand modernization theory. SDG4 is then considered within the framework of these approaches and perspectives. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the challenges and possible solutions for the realization of SDG4.
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Bårdsgjerde, Elise Kvalsund, Marit Kvangarsnes, Bodil J. Landstad, Torstein Hole et Magne Nylenna. « A Comprehensive Model for Patient Participation ». Dans Towards Sustainable Good Health and Well-being, 21–46. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61810-9_2.
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AbstractPatient participation is legislated for internationally and leads to improved patient satisfaction, quality in health services, trust in health professionals, and self-management of disease. Patient participation involves health personnel sharing power, thus empowering the patient. To involve and empower patients is important for achieving several Sustainable Development Goals: Good health and well-being (3) and Reduced equality (10). Patient participation is complex, and the aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive model to understand and improve patient participation in health services and research. Based on 27 qualitative primary studies about patient participation in non-communicable diseases analysed by meta-ethnography, four themes were defined: frame factors, interactions, level of involvement, and clinical context. Including frame factors adds a new dimension to the understanding of patient participation. Frame factors have been underestimated and frame factor theory may be useful to understand and reveal the complexity of patient participation in clinical practice and research.
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Manizade, Agida G., Alexander S. Moore et Kim Beswick. « The Research on Mathematics Teaching and Planning : Theoretical Perspectives and Implications of Teachers’ Pre-post Classroom Activities ». Dans The Evolution of Research on Teaching Mathematics, 91–134. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31193-2_4.
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AbstractLesson planning, assessment, and reflection constitute the key actions that teachers perform when students are not present in the classroom (henceforth, “Type D” variable). These “pre- and post-”actions are the most direct ways through which teachers shape their observable teaching work as mediated by their goals for their teaching. These goals are representations of teachers’ epistemological commitments apropos of teaching mathematics, whether those commitments be consciously espoused or unconsciously reproduced due to constraints within which they work. In this chapter, we survey the literature on lesson planning, assessment, and reflection according to eight epistemological paradigms that are widely known in the field of mathematics teaching. These epistemological paradigms are: Situated Learning Theory, Behaviorism, Cognitive Learning Theory, Social Constructivism, Structuralism, Problem Solving, Culturally Relevant Pedagogy, and Project- and Problem-Based Learning. We situate other perspectives on learning theory, which are derivatives of these prevailing paradigms, within this overarching frame. Our literature search revealed that some of the theoretical perspectives are well-reported in the literature whilst others have not received the same amount of attention from researchers. We detail each perspective, providing a definition, goals for teaching, pros and cons, and examples from the literature. We posit that, with the advent of the digital era of mathematics education, researchers must engage more explicitly with the theoretical perspectives we identified as underserved and must reckon with their own epistemological commitments more intentionally when reporting on studies regarding Type D.
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Schoenfeld, Alan H. « A Theory of Teaching ». Dans Theorizing Teaching, 159–87. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25613-4_6.
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AbstractWhether one can claim to have a theory of teaching depends on what one takes to constitute teaching and what one means by theory. This chapter characterizes both. Given those characterizations, I claim that we already have a theory of teaching, which specifies that teachers’ in-the-moment classroom decisions can be modeled by attending to three major factors: the resources at the teachers’ disposal (both their knowledge and material resources), their orientations (beliefs, preferences, values, etc.), and their goals (which exist at multiple levels and change dynamically according to evolving events). Beyond that, the Teaching for Robust Understanding (TRU) framework indicates that the following five dimensions of learning environments are consequential and comprehensive – the degree to which the environment: (1) offers affordances for rich engagement with content; (2) operates within the students’ zone of proximal development; (3) supports all students in engaging with core content; (4) provides opportunities for students to contribute to classroom discourse and develop a sense of agency and disciplinary identity; and, (5) reveals and responds to student thinking. Combining these two theoretical frames yields a theoretical specification of what has been called “ambitious teaching.” There is much more to be concerned with, however. In general, the field’s understanding of relevant knowledge and resources for ambitious teaching is weak, a problem exacerbated by the widespread adoption of virtual instruction due to the presence of Covid-19. Moreover, little is understood regarding teachers’ developmental trajectories. Such knowledge will be necessary to establish effective long-term professional development efforts.
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Tahirsylaj, Armend. « Bildung and Twenty-First Century Competences : In Need of Mutual Recognition ? » Dans Non-affirmative Theory of Education and Bildung, 319–37. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30551-1_15.
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AbstractInternationally, curriculum policy is often shaped through either content-based or competence-based curriculum approaches. Considering these two framings of educational policy discourse and curriculum policy making, this chapter compares and contrasts Bildung and twenty-first century competences as outcome(s) of education by examining the latest OECD and European Union (EU) education frameworks and visions and the latest curriculum reform agendas in the national contexts of Norway and Kosovo. The chapter relies on qualitative document analysis methodologically, and it is theoretically framed by non-affirmative education theory, critical-constructive didaktik and curriculum ideologies. Through a comparative reading of aims of education promoted by the OECD, the EU, Norway, and Kosovo frameworks, it is found that the OECD is recalibrating the education goals towards individual and collective well-being, the EU maintains the focus on mastery of key competences for lifelong learning, Norway promotes its dual mission of schooling towards education and Bildung, and Kosovo aims at mastery of key competences introduced in the latest curriculum reform. It is concluded that a Bildung-oriented curriculum policy could provide for a more holistic view of the individual and human development as it gives more agency to the individuals to shape their lives in their own terms and resume responsibility accordingly.
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Bahrs, Ottomar, Felix Deymann et Karl-Heinz Henze. « Salutogenesis and the Sense of Coherence in Middle Adulthood ». Dans The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 167–83. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_18.
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AbstractIn this chapter, the authors focus on the transition from middle to late adulthood. The questions of when and how past transitions affect subsequent ageing is discussed. Whilst middle age was long considered undramatic, the authors state that it is increasingly gaining profile. They focus on a phase typically observed in the sixth decade of life, characterized by the initiation of the transition to de-professionalization and change of responsibilities within the family when crisis and chronic situations can lead to the need for help from health professionals.The authors deliberate on how a dialogue between middle-aged adults and professionals can contribute positively to the naming, modification, design and further development of health goals, linking physiological and unconscious processes to the theory of salutogenesis.Notably, the authors frame illness processes from the perspective of salutogenic resources, also discussing the benefits of crises experienced in middle adulthood.The authors’ novel ideas about a salutogenic perspective on life in middle adulthood will inspire researchers and practitioners to a more innovative approach to this large segment of society.
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Reimers, Fernando M. « Conclusions. Seven Lessons to Build an Education Renaissance After the Pandemic ». Dans Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Education Reforms, 171–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57039-2_8.
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Abstract This chapter draws out seven lessons from the cross-country analysis of the six reforms studied in this chapter. These are: Lesson 1. The power of complex mindsets about education reform. The six reforms all reflect reliance on the worldviews presented in the five frames of reform: cultural, psychological, professional, institutional and political. Those that have been sustained relied on insights from more of these five frames than those that were short lived. Lesson 2. Implementation matters considerably. The chapter discusses how the implementation process in effect recreates a reform, and how the development of an operational strategy defining the details of reform is what in the end most matters to the success of reform. The chapter discusses how the six reforms produced rather distinct operational strategies of seemingly similar components of the reform such as the learning goals for students or teacher professional development. Implementation strategies are also based on implicit theories of how organizations work, and the chapter explains the usefulness of a developmental theory of how organizations evolve to designing strategies that are aligned with the functionings that are possible in a given developmental stage, while also helping the organization evolve towards higher levels of functioning. Lesson 3. The need for operational clarity. People can’t execute what they don’t understand, and a reform must be able to translate goals into clear objectives and reform components into clear tasks which can be widely communicated and understood, as well as tracked to discern improvement and course correct when necessary. Lesson 4. Large scale reform is a journey: Coherence, Completeness and the Five Frames. The chapter explains how using the five dimensional theory of educational change can support coherence and completeness in a reform. Lesson 5. Sequencing, pacing and the importance of first steps. An operational strategy needs to be sequenced attending to ambition of goals, to existing levels of capacity and to institutional stage of development of the system. The first steps in the sequence are consequential because they shape the narrative of reform in ways that have long lasting consequences. Lesson 6. Staying the course. Long policy cycles are essential for reforms to be implemented and to produce results, and those cannot be taken for granted. Coherence, communication and participation can garner support that sustains a reform over time. Lesson 7. Learning from experience to build system level capacity. Most important to the coherent implementation of a reform is to create opportunities for key stakeholders, at various levels of the system, to learn together as a result of implementing components of the reform. Creating feedback loops and processes for making sense of such information is critical to support such learning.
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Reimers, Fernando M. « In Search of a Twenty-First Century Education Renaissance after a Global Pandemic ». Dans Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Education Reforms, 1–37. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57039-2_1.
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Abstract The COVID-19 Pandemic renewed interest on the question of what goals should be pursued by schools in a world rapidly changing and uncertain. As education leaders developed strategies to continue to educate during the Pandemic, through alternative education arrangements necessitated by the closure of schools, the question of re-prioritizing curriculum became essential. In addition, the anticipated disruptions and impacts that the Pandemic would cause brought the question of what capacities matter to the fore. This chapter reviews the history of mass education and examines the role of the United Nations and other international organizations advocating for schools to educate the whole child and to cultivate the breath of skills essential to advance individual freedoms and social improvement. The chapter makes the case that the aspiration to cultivate a broad range of competencies is not only necessary to meet the growing demands of civic and economic participation, but also critical to close opportunity gaps. The development of a science of implementation of system level reform to educate the whole child is fundamental to close the growing gap between more ambitious aspirations for schools and the learning opportunities that most children experience and that are at the root of their low levels of knowledge and skills as demonstrated in international comparative assessments. Implementation strategies need to take into account the stage of institutional development of the education system, and align the components and sequence of the reform to the existing capacities and structures, while using the reform to help the system advance towards more complex forms of organization that enable it to achieve more ambitious goals. The chapter makes the case for examining the implementation of large scale reforms in countries at varied stages of educational development in order to overcome the limitations of the current knowledge base that relies excessively on the study of a narrow range of countries at similar levels of development, many of them with stagnant or declining performance of their students in international assessments of knowledge and skills. Effective implementation requires also coherence across the various levels of governance of the education system and good communication and collaboration across a wide spectrum of stakeholders. Such communication can be facilitated by a good theory of mind of how others view reform. A reform can be viewed through five alternative frameworks: cultural, psychological, professional, institutional and political, or through a combination of those, and each reform is based on elements reflecting one or several of those frames. Understanding these frames, can help better understand how others view change, thus facilitating communication and the development of a shared theory of change. The chapter concludes describing the methods of this study and introducing the six large scale reforms examined in the book.
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Reiter, Raymond. « The Frame Problem in the Situation Calculus : A Simple Solution (Sometimes) and a Completeness Result for Goal Regression ». Dans Artificial and Mathematical Theory of Computation, 359–80. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-450010-5.50026-8.
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Cuzzolin, Fabio. « An Algebraic Study of the Notion of Independence of Frames ». Dans Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 239–67. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4991-0.ch012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The theory of belief functions or “theory of evidence” allows the mathematical representation of uncertain pieces of evidence on which decisions can be based. Frequently, different pieces of evidence belong to distinct, albeit related, domains or “frames”: for instance, audio and video clues can be combined to infer the identity of a person from a video. Evidence encoded by different belief functions on separate frames can be merged on a common frame, a combination which is guaranteed to exist if and only if the frames are “independent” in the sense of Boolean algebras. In all other cases the evidence conflicts. Independence of frames and belief function combinability are then strictly related. In this chapter, the authors discuss the notion of independence of frames in the theory of evidence from an algebraic point of view, starting from an analogy with standard linear independence. The final goal is to search for a solution of the problem of conflicting belief function via a generalization of the classical Gram-Schmidt algorithm for vector orthogonalization. Families of frames can be given several algebraic interpretations in terms of semi-modular lattices, matroids, and geometric lattices. Each of those structures is endowed with a particular (extended) independence relation, which we prove to be distinct albeit related to independence of frames.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Goal Frame Theory"
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Austefjord, Katrine Oen, Martin Oddøy Hestvik, Linn-Kristin Skeide Larsen et Thomas J. Impelluso. « Modelling Subsea ROV Motion Using the Moving Frame Method ». Dans ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86191.
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Norway conducts operations on a variety of structures in the North Sea; e.g. oilrigs, monopole windmills, subsea trees. These structures often require subsea installation, observation, and maintenance. Research and technology that can improve the efficiency of these operations are of high interest to the nation. A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) can assist in these operations. However, the ROV pilot must observe and adjust the vehicle and its motion in accordance with its task, but modified due to impending forces. Automation of this motion is the desired goal. This paper researches the motion of an ROV induced by the motion of the robotic manipulators, motor torques, and fluid buoyancy. The research introduces a new method in engineering dynamics: the Moving Frame Method (MFM). Lie Group Theory and Cartan’s notion of moving frames are the foundation of the MFM. This research extends previous work in significant ways. This research accounts for the motor torques, fluid viscosity and the mass of the manipulator’s arms. Interactive visualization on hand-held devices is also an integral part of this research. The Web Graphics Library (WebGL) is a JavaScript API for rendering interactive 3D and 2D graphics within any compatible web browser without the use of plug-ins. This work visualizes the results, interactively, on 3D web pages, viewable on cell phones using WebGL. This work invites further research into improved numerical methods, solid/fluid interaction and the design of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). AUVs beckon an era of Artificial Intelligence when machines think, communicate and learn. Rapidly deployable software implementations will be essential to this task. This paper demonstrates the MFM clears the path toward such technological innovations.
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Korsvik, Håkon B., Even S. Rognsvåg, Tore H. Tomren, Joakim F. Nyland et Thomas J. Impelluso. « Dual Gyroscope Wave Energy Converter ». Dans ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10266.
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Abstract This research models the energy extracted by gyroscopic wave energy converters. The goal is to assess the use of such devices to provide supplementary power to fish farms and lighting on oilrigs. This project implements the Moving Frame Method (MFM) in dynamics to model the power generated from a gyroscopic wave energy converter. The MFM leverages Lie Group Theory, Cartan’s moving frames and a new notation from the discipline of geometrical physics. This research extends previous work by incorporating two inertial disks to counter the inducement of yaw, and it improves the numerical integration scheme. Furthermore, this work makes use of a coherent data structure founded in the Special Euclidean Group, and it defines the initial disk spin as a prescribed variable. It accounts for the prescribed variables by modifying the equations of motion. Finally, it conducts an analysis of the generator moments. After obtaining the suite of descriptive equations of motion, this project integrates them using the Runge-Kutta method. Finally, a simplified 3D simulation is made using the Web Graphics Library to improve the readers’ intuitive understanding of the device.
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Hazelrigg, George A. « Systems Engineering : A New Framework for Engineering Design ». Dans ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0874.
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Abstract There is a widespread tendency to frame engineering design as a problem-solving activity. In this framework, the goal of a design is to satisfy functional requirements, subject to constraints, at minimum cost. It is shown below that this approach can lead to seriously non-optimal designs, and it further denies the use of a broad spectrum of fruitful tools that open up to the design engineer if only design is viewed instead as a decision-making process. In this context, a definition is given for systems engineering. Then, this definition is built upon to create a new framework for engineering design that has at its base the assertion that design is a process of decision making that is amenable to treatment using classical decision theory.
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Ciufolini, I. « Comparison of LARES 1 and LARES 2 missions - one year after the launch ». Dans Aeronautics and Astronautics. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902813-123.
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Abstract. The LARES 1 and LARES 2 missions were designed to test an intriguing phenomenon predicted by the theory of general relativity: the Lense-Thirring (frame-dragging) effect. In particular, the LARES 2 mission was designed with the goal of reaching an accuracy 10 times better than that obtained with LARES 1, launched 10 years earlier. To reach this demanding goal a special orbit and a specific satellite design was required. Knowledge of the gravitational field of Earth of ever-increasing accuracy, thanks to the Follow-on GRACE space mission together with the spectacular orbital injection accuracy provided by the Avio-ASI-ESA launcher VEGA C, will make possible an even better accuracy after a few years of data analysis. In this paper the two missions are compared along with the results obtained from the LARES 1 mission and those expected from LARES 2.
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Rykkje, Thorstein, Alexander Bakketun Ringheim, Jonathan Willis Lundgaard, Kenan Mezher, Knut Øvsthus et Thomas Impelluso. « Dynamic Modelling and Experimental Validation of Reaction Forces in Crane Structures ». Dans ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113245.
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Abstract This paper presents a first-phase project toward designing a digital twin for a smart crane on a ship. Digital twin technologies create a virtual model of a physical system to simulate its behavior and aid in its operation. The long-term goal of this project is to integrate the finite element method, the multi-body dynamics method, artificial intelligence, and 3D visualization for the creation of digital twins. The short-term objective of this first phase, and the focus of this paper, is to use the moving frame method (MFM) in dynamics as a foundation for such an integration. The MFM relies on Lie group theory (distilled to the simplicity of matrix algebra) and Cartan’s notion of Moving Frames. A compact notation simplifies the kinematics. In addition to the underlying method, this paper presents a systematic and coherent way to create the frame connection matrices for multi-bodies. Then, with an appropriate restriction on the variation of the angular velocity, the MFM extracts the equations of motion using the Principle of Virtual Work. These are solved using an adaptive Runge-Kutta-4. Following this, the paper presents a systematic way to isolate each body in the linked system and solve for all contact forces (the latter in preparation for the deployment of the finite element method). The solution of the system drives a software simulation of the crane’s motion using WebGL and ThreeJS. Finally, the method and analysis is validated. A crane scale model was constructed using 3D-printed parts and electric motors for motion. Load cells were integrated into the base to measure the reaction forces. This paper reports on the first phase.
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Keränen, Susanna. « Content Management - Concept and Indexing Term Equivalence in a Multilingual Thesaurus ». Dans 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2511.
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Languages and the thinking they reflect stem mainly from cultural needs for expression. A controlled vocabulary, thesaurus, can be seen as a cultural product. The focus of this study is the translatability of British-English social science indexing terms into Finnish language and culture on a conceptual, term and indexing term level. The emphasis is on Finnish language and human factors. The study is quantitative-qualitative and the perspectives are both linguistic and sociological - a combination through which a broader understanding of the phenomena is being aimed at in the general frame of information science. The study uses multiple cases aiming at theoretical replication. It is thus an empirical case study and the goal is to illustrate a new theory of “pragmatic indexing (term) equivalence”. Several data collection and analysis methods will be used in order to construct a theory by triangulation of evidence. The aim of this research is a doctoral thesis in information studies.
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Aarmo, Martinus K., Magnus N. Sivesind, Jan Michael Simon Bartl, David Lande-Sudall et Thomas J. Impelluso. « Energy Storage and Stabilization Simulation of Floating Wind Turbines ». Dans ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72984.
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Abstract The goal of this project is to research how to use inertial disks to stabilize floating windmills and also store excess energy. The energy extracted can be delivered after the wind subsides. The gyroscopic effect will ensure stability. The project will deploy the Moving Frame Method (MFM) to analyze the kinematics and kinetics of the system. The MFM exploits aspects of Lie Group Theory in place of vector-based dynamics. It leverages the work of Elie Cartan to model all moving bodies. Finally, it deploys a compact notation for both 3D and 2D. This project introduces relevant forces acting on the system, implementation of an improved numerical integration scheme, and an accounting of mooring lines. The project defines the initial spin of the disks as a prescribed variable. We use the Runge-Kutta method for numerical integration of the equations of motion, and update the solution with an assumed correction for the rotation matrices that exploits Rodriguez’ formula. Afterwards we create a simulation by creating a port from Matlab to the Web Graphics Library and Three JS using Javascript.
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Diesen, Jarle, Kristoffer Haugstad, Johannes Gjøringbø, Emanuel Vea, Thomas Impelluso et Thorstein Ravneberg Rykkje. « Proof of Concept For a Liquid Gyroscope ». Dans ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2024-139588.
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Abstract The long-term goal of this work is to demonstrate the power of a new method in machine dynamics that engages students and inspires innovation. The short-term objective is to exploit Lorentz force effects to create a liquid gyroscope to assess orientation. This is a transdisciplinary educational project at the intersection of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, design, and manufacturing to create the prototype. The project used Galinstan, a liquid metal alloy consisting of gallium, indium, and tin, to create the liquid metal gyroscope. When exposed to a magnetic field and an electrical current, Galinstan displays unique behavior, resulting in the formation of vortex-like patterns. This study aims to investigate the potential of utilizing this phenomenon for gyroscopic applications. This project is student conceived, initiated, and conducted based on inspiration from the Moving Frame Method (MFM) in Dynamics. The MFM is a new approach to machine dynamics that simplifies the discipline, by leveraging Lie Group Theory and Algebra (distilled to the simplicity of matrices), Cartan’s sense of moving reference frames and a compact notation. First, this paper briefly summarizes the MFM and how it stimulates student learning in an era of disengagement. Then this paper launches into a description of the concept, design, and construction of the liquid gyroscope. This paper discusses the difficulties of achieving precise control, stability, and practicality such as turbulence in the liquid corrosion and magnitude of the magnets. The project recognizes the need to understand fluid dynamics, chemistry mechanics, as well as electro mechanics to overcome these challenges and advance the concept of a liquid metal gyroscope. This current investigation is exploratory and provides insight into the potential applications and practical experience within the field.
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Gagnol, Vincent, Belhassen C. Bouzgarrou, Pascal Ray et Christian Barra. « Modelling Approach for a High Speed Machine Tool Spindle-Bearing System ». Dans ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84681.
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This paper presents a modelling approach of a high-speed spindle-bearing system based on a finite-element model analysis coupled to an experimental modal identification. Dynamic equations of the rotating entity are obtained using Lagrangian formulation associated with a numerical finite element method based on Timoshenko beam theory. Element kinematics is formulated in a co-rotational coordinate frame. A method for the experimental characterization of the dynamic behavior of a High Speed Machining (HSM) spindle is proposed. The goal of this method is to understand the influence of spindle structure elements on overall dynamic behavior. Each element is individually characterized and is integrated or not into the global model depending on the results. The choice of the finite element type for generating the numeric model is carried out on the basis of modal and harmonic experimental results. High-speed rotational effects including gyroscopic coupling and spin softening effects are investigated. The Campbell diagram indicates the potential critical speed for mass unbalance response and for synchronous excitation representative of the milling forces at tooth impact frequency. Excessive vibration levels at specific node location enable spindle component stress or failure during manufacturing processes to be predicted. The model is a useful tool for qualifying spindles in the manufacturing process and predicting their reliability. The proposed modeling approach can be transferred to other type of spindle.
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Marynissen, Simon, Bart Bogaerts et Marc Denecker. « On the Relation Between Approximation Fixpoint Theory and Justification Theory ». Dans Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/272.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Approximation Fixpoint Theory (AFT) and Justification Theory (JT) are two frameworks to unify logical formalisms. AFT studies semantics in terms of fixpoints of lattice operators, and JT in terms of so-called justifications, which are explanations of why certain facts do or do not hold in a model. While the approaches differ, the frameworks were designed with similar goals in mind, namely to study the different semantics that arise in (mainly) non-monotonic logics. The First contribution of our current paper is to provide a formal link between the two frameworks. To be precise, we show that every justification frame induces an approximator and that this mapping from JT to AFT preserves all major semantics. The second contribution exploits this correspondence to extend JT with a novel class of semantics, namely ultimate semantics: we formally show that ultimate semantics can be obtained in JT by a syntactic transformation on the justification frame, essentially performing some sort of resolution on the rules.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Goal Frame Theory"
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Thorpert, Petra, Stefan Sundblad, Ernö Tóth-Pál, Jurre Severs, Sara Wihlborg, Linnea Licina Sjöholm, Tove Olsson et al. Aspects of design and knowledgebase thinking – Design goals framed by Procedural Theory. Fakulteten för landskapsarkitektur, trädgårds- och växtproduktionsvetenskap, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.505mv8717a.
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Welch, David, et Gregory Deierlein. Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/yyqh3072.
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This report outlines the development of earthquake damage functions and comparative loss metrics for single-family wood-frame buildings with and without seismic retrofit of vulnerable cripple wall and stem wall conditions. The underlying goal of the study is to quantify the benefits of the seismic retrofit in terms of reduced earthquake damage and repair or reconstruction costs. The earthquake damage and economic losses are evaluated based on the FEMA P-58 methodology, which incorporates detailed building information and analyses to characterize the seismic hazard, structural response, earthquake damage, and repair/reconstruction costs. The analyses are informed by and include information from other working groups of the Project to: (1) summarize past research on performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identify construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterize earthquake hazard and ground motions in California; (4) conduct laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies and sill anchorages; and (5) validate the component loss models with data from insurance claims adjustors. Damage functions are developed for a set of wood-frame building variants that are distinguished by the number of stories (one- versus two-story), era (age) of construction, interior wall and ceiling materials, exterior cladding material, and height of the cripple walls. The variant houses are evaluated using seismic hazard information and ground motions for several California locations, which were chosen to represent the range seismicity conditions and retrofit design classifications outlined in the FEMA P-1100 guidelines for seismic retrofit. The resulting loss models for the Index Building variants are expressed in terms of three outputs: Mean Loss Curves (damage functions), relating expected loss (repair cost) to ground-motion shaking intensity, Expected Annual Loss, describing the expected (mean) loss at a specific building location due to the risk of earthquake damage, calculated on an annualized basis, and Expected RC250 Loss, which is the cost of repairing damage due to earthquake ground shaking with a return period of 250 years (20% chance of exceedance in 50 years). The loss curves demonstrate the effect of seismic retrofit by comparing losses in the existing (unretrofitted) and retrofitted condition across a range of seismic intensities. The general findings and observations demonstrate: (1) cripple walls in houses with exterior wood siding are more vulnerable than ones with stucco siding to collapse and damage; (2) older pre-1945 houses with plaster on wood lath interior walls are more susceptible to damage and losses than more recent houses with gypsum wallboard interiors; (3) two-story houses are more vulnerable than one-story houses; (4) taller (e.g., 6-ft-tall) cripple walls are generally less vulnerable to damage and collapse than shorter (e.g., 2-ft-tall) cripple walls; (5) houses with deficient stem wall connections are generally observed to be less vulnerable to earthquake damage than equivalent unretrofitted cripple walls with the same superstructure; and (6) the overall risk of losses and the benefits of cripple wall retrofit are larger for sites with higher seismicity. As summarized in the report, seismic retrofit of unbraced cripple walls can significantly reduce the risk of earthquake damage and repair costs, with reductions in Expected RC250 Loss risk of up to 50% of the house replacement value for an older house with wood-frame siding at locations of high seismicity. In addition to the reduction in repair cost risk, the seismic retrofit has an important additional benefit to reduce the risk of major damage that can displace residents from their house for many months.
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network high elevation white pine monitoring : 2021 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302327.
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Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2021 field season, which was the eighth year of monitoring in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The 2021 goal was to complete the third full re-measure of the second of three rotating panels (Panel 2) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. The first full measure of all Panel 2 plots was completed over two years in 2013-2014, then a full remeasure of both parks? whitebark pine Panel 2 was conducted in 2016, with 10 of 12 SEKI-foxtail plots sampled that year. A third remeasure of all Panel 2 plots was not possible in 2021 because a smaller crew size was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, the crew visited 37 sites, and sampled 31, during the 2021 field season. One plot in the YOSE whitebark pine frame was uninstalled before reading and one plot in the SEKI whitebark pine frame was uninstalled after reading, both for safety concerns. Four plots were not visited due to lack of capacity with the reduced crew size: one in each of the YOSE and SEKI whitebark frames, and three in the SEKI foxtail frame. A plot from Panel 3 in each of the parks? whitebark frames was measured, for a total of 11 plots measured in each whitebark pine frame. Nine plots were measured in the SEKI foxtail pine frame. Within the 31 plots completed, a total of 5,728 trees was measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction, including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, female cone production and regeneration were recorded. During the 2021 field season, crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, 11 whitebark pine plots were re-measured, from Panels 2 and 3. A total of 2,810 trees were sampled, which included 586 live whitebark pine trees and 2,097 other live conifers. An additional 127 trees (including 17 whitebark pine) were recorded as dead. The forest crew noted little sign of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in Yosemite in 2021, and just a single inactive canker was observed on one whitebark pine in Panel 3, Plot 42, near Dana Meadows. This infection was new to plot 42, and it expands the total number of plots where white pine blister rust has been documented in Yosemite to six. The crew also noted little mountain pine beetle activity, documenting beetle galleries on 15 lodgepole pines in three Panel 2 plots. Dwarf mistletoe was not observed. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 53 (SD = 56). This was a low cone crop year for whitebark pine, with two percent of live whitebark pine trees producing female cones. Cone bearing trees averaged 2 (SD = 1) cones per tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 90 (SD = 157) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was four, and three of the eleven plots contained whitebark seedlings. In SEKI, 10 of 12 Panel 2, and one Panel 3, whitebark pine plots were re-measured. Within these plots, 1,246 live whitebark pine, 30 live foxtail pine, and 861 other live conifers were sampled. WPBR was infrequently documented in the SEKI whitebark frame as well, with indicators of infection in Plot 31 near Window Creek and Plot 44 near Upper State Lake. These were the first infections documented in these plots, bringing the number of plots where WPBR has been documented in the SEKI whitebark panel to nine. Although WPBR was documented in Plot 27 near Charlotte Dome in 2016, it was not documented this year because putative cankers showing three signs of infection in 2016 showed only two or fewer signs in 2021. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in one live lodgepole pine and two recently dead whitebark pine, within three plots in the SEKI whitebark sample frame. An exception to the low levels of mountain pine beetle activity was outside Plot 31 in the Window Creek area, where the forest crew noted many recently dead whitebark pine with signs of beetle activity. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 113 (SD = 86). Less than one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones, each producing on average 2 (SD = 1) cones. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 303 (SD = 319) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was eight, and eight of the 11 plots contained whitebark seedlings. Nine of the 12 SEKI foxtail Panel 3 plots were remeasured. Within these plots, 413 live foxtail pine, 67 live whitebark pine, and 402 other live conifers were sampled. Ninety-two dead or recently dead trees were also documented, 65 of which were foxtail pine. No signs of blister rust infection, mistletoe, or mountain pine beetle were observed in the foxtail plots sampled. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 46 (SD = 33). Fifty-four percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones, averaging 14 (SD =15) cones/tree. Only one foxtail pine seedling was recorded within the 9 foxtail pine plots, resulting in an estimated 14 (SD = 41) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings were also found within two plots.
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Burdman, S., E. Welbaum, R. Walcott et B. Zhao. erial fruit blotch, elucidating the mechanisms of fruit infection by Acidovorax citrulli. Israel : United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134162.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli. BFB affects cucurbit production worldwide, and mainly watermelon and melon. Most A. citrulli strains are divided into two genetically differentiated groups: while group I strains have been mainly associated with melon and other non-watermelon cucurbits, group II strains are more aggressive on watermelon. Like many Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria, A. citrulli relies on a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) for pathogenicity. The T3SS is responsible for direct secretion of bacterial protein effectors to the host cell. Type III-secreted effectors (T3Es) contribute to virulence through manipulation of the host cell metabolism and suppression of plant defense. Our previous collaboration showed that group I and II strains significantly differ in their T3E arsenal (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Phytopathology 2014, 104:1152-1162). Using comparative genomics, we also showed that group I and II strains of A. citrulli have substantial differences in their genome content (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Front. Microbiol. 2016, 7:430). Our long-term goals are to identify the genetic determinants that contribute to virulence and host preferential association of the two major groups of A. citrulli, and to exploit these insights to develop effective BFB management strategies. We hypothesize that differences in the arsenal of T3Es, are greatly responsible for the differences in host preferential association between strains belonging to the two groups. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) to investigate the susceptibility of cucurbit species to group I and II strains under field conditions; (2) to assess the contribution of T3Es and other virulence factors to A. citrulli virulence and host preference; and (3) to characterize the mechanisms of action of selected T3Es of A. citrulli. In the frame of objective 1, we carried out three field experiments involving inoculation of several cucurbit crops (watermelon, melon, pumpkin and squash) with group I and II strains. Findings from these experiments confirmed that A. citrulli strains exhibit a preference for watermelon and melon. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time under field conditions, host-preferential association of group I and II strains to melon and watermelon, respectively. While host-preferential association was observed in leaves and in fruit tissues, it was more pronounced in the latter. In this part of the project we also developed a duplex PCR assay to differentiate between group I and II strains. In the frame of objective 2, we employed a multifaceted approach combining bioinformatics and experimental methods to elucidate the T3E arsenal of A. citrulli. These experiments led to discovery that A. citrulli strains possess large arsenals with more than 60 T3E genes. Remarkably, we found that ~15% of the T3E genes are group-specific. Advances were achieved on the contribution of selected T3E genes and other virulence determinants to the ability of A. citrulli to colonize the fruit and other tissues of melon and watermelon. Last, in the frame of objective 3, we advanced our understanding on the mode of action of few key T3Es of A. citrulli. We also optimized a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for functional genomics in melon and watermelon. This system will allow us to test melon and watermelon genes that may have defense or susceptibility roles related to BFB disease. Overall, this collaboration substantially enriched our knowledge on basic aspects of BFB disease. We believe that the fruits of this collaboration will greatly contribute to our ultimate goal, which is generation of durable resistance of melon and watermelon to A. citrulli.
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Baete, Christophe. PR-405-173610-R01 Develop New Criteria for DC Stray Current Interference. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), juin 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011602.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report refers to the activities performed in the frame of PRCI project on the refinement of the dynamic DC stray current corrosion criteria by applying an advanced DC corrosion prediction model. In order to find realistic stray current interference conditions, an industry survey was performed to retrieve dynamic DC interference signals on real-world pipelines. After analysis of the cases, a simulation matrix was proposed that covers a wide variety of interference conditions. The simulated signals were simplified as squared pulses. The European Standard EN 50162 Protection against corrosion stray current from direct current systems was used a reference for validation. Some other criteria that are currently under investigation have been considered as well. The criteria were validated against simulated corrosion rates. The final goal is achieving a further refinement of the dynamic DC stray current criteria. The simulations demonstrate that current criteria are either not valid, either too conservative when steel tends to passivate under anodic excursions in high pH soil due to the development of a Fe3O4 film. The lowest pH value at which the passive film developed was 10.34 with relatively short cathodic duration (30 sec) and long (50 sec) and strong (-200 mVcse) anodic potential. There is a related webinar.
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Lichter, Amnon, Gopi K. Podila et Maria R. Davis. Identification of Genetic Determinants that Facilitate Development of B. cinerea at Low Temperature and its Postharvest Pathogenicity. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592641.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Botrytis cinerea is the postharvest pathogen of many agricultural produce with table grapes, strawberries and tomatoes as major targets. The high efficiency with which B. cinerea causes disease on these produce during storage is attributed in part due to its exceptional ability to develop at very low temperature. Our major goal was to understand the genetic determinants which enable it to develop at low temperature. The specific research objectives were: 1. Identify expression pattern of genes in a coldenriched cDNA library. 2. Identify B. cinerea orthologs of cold-induced genes 3. Profile protein expression and secretion at low temperature on strawberry and grape supplemented media. 4. Test novel methods for the functional analysis of coldresponsive genes. Objective 1 was modified during the research because a microarray platform became available and it allowed us to probe the whole set of candidate genes according to the sequence of 2 strains of the fungus, BO5.10 and T4. The results of this experiment allowed us to validate some of our earlier observations which referred to genes which were the product of a SSH suppression-subtraction library. Before the microarray became available during 2008 we also analyzed the expression of 15 orthologs of cold-induced genes and some of these results were also validated by the microarray experiment. One of our goals was also to perform functional analysis of cold-induced genes. This goal was hampered for 3 years because current methodology for transformation with ‘protoplasts’ failed to deliver knockouts of bacteriordopsin-like (bR) gene which was our primary target for functional analysis. Consequently, we developed 2 alternative transformation platforms, one which involves an air-gun based technique and another which involves DNA injection into sclerotia. Both techniques show great promise and have been validated using different constructs. This contribution is likely to serve the scientific community in the near future. Using these technologies we generated gene knockout constructs of 2 genes and have tested there effect on survival of the fungus at low temperature. With reference to the bR genes our results show that it has a significant effect on mycelial growth of the B. cinerea and the mutants have retarded development at extreme conditions of ionic stress, osmotic stress and low temperature. Another gene of unknown function, HP1 is still under analysis. An ortholog of the yeast cold-induced gene, CCH1 which encodes a calcium tunnel and was shown to be cold-induced in B. cinerea was recently cloned and used to complement yeast mutants and rescue them from cold-sensitivity. One of the significant findings of the microarray study involves a T2 ribonuclease which was validated to be cold-induced by qPCR analysis. This and other genes will serve for future studies. In the frame of the study we also screened a population of 631 natural B. cinerea isolates for development at low temperature and have identified several strains with much higher and lower capacity to develop at low temperature. These strains are likely to be used in the future as candidates for further functional analysis. The major conclusions from the above research point to specific targets of cold-induced genes which are likely to play a role in cold tolerance. One of the most significant observations from the microarray study is that low temperature does not induce ‘general stress response in B. cinerea, which is in agreement to its exceptional capacity to develop at low temperature. Due to the tragic murder of the Co-PI Maria R. Davis and GopiPodila on Feb. 2010 it is impossible to deliver their contribution to the research. The information of the PI is that they failed to deliver objective 4 and none of the information which relates to objective 3 has been delivered to the PI before the murder or in a visit to U. Alabama during June, 2010. Therefore, this report is based solely on the IS data.
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Appleyard, Bruce, Jonathan Stanton et Chris Allen. Toward a Guide for Smart Mobility Corridors : Frameworks and Tools for Measuring, Understanding, and Realizing Transportation Land Use Coordination. Mineta Transportation Institue, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1805.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The coordination of transportation and land use (also known as “smart growth”) has been a long-standing goal for planning and engineering professionals, but to this day it remains an elusive concept to realize. Leaving us with this central question -- how can we best achieve transportation and land use coordination at the corridor level? In response, this report provides a review of literature and practice related to sustainability, livability, and equity (SLE) with a focus on corridor-level planning. Using Caltrans’ Corridor Planning Process Guide and Smart Mobility Framework as guideposts, this report also reviews various principles, performance measures, and place typology frameworks, along with current mapping and planning support tools (PSTs). The aim being to serve as a guidebook that agency staff can use for reference, synergizing planning insights from various data sources that had not previously been brought together in a practical frame. With this knowledge and understanding, a key section provides a discussion of tools and metrics and how they can be used in corridor planning. For illustration purposes, this report uses the Smart Mobility Calculator (https://smartmobilitycalculator. netlify.app/), a novel online tool designed to make key data easily available for all stakeholders to make better decisions. For more information on this tool, see https://transweb.sjsu.edu/research/1899-Smart-Growth-Equity-Framework-Tool. The Smart Mobility Calculator is unique in that it incorporates statewide datasets on urban quality and livability which are then communicated through a straightforward visualization planners can readily use. Core sections of this report cover the framework and concepts upon which the Smart Mobility Calculator is built and provides examples of its functionality and implementation capabilities. The Calculator is designed to complement policies to help a variety of agencies (MPOs, DOTs, and local land use authorities) achieve coordination and balance between transportation and land use at the corridor level.
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Mahat, Marian, et Vivienne Awad. The 2022 Sophia Program. University of Melbourne, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124373.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Sophia Program is a one year professional learning program established by Sydney Catholic Schools in collaboration with the University of Melbourne. The professional learning program is unique, in that it not only involves the acquisition of knowledge and theory of school learning environments but also action-oriented evidence-based research within a professional learning community where groups of educators work collaboratively at the school- and system-level to improve student outcomes. Thirty five participants from six Sydney Catholic Schools participated in the 2022 program. This report provides a summary of aggregated findings around teacher efficacy, teacher mind frames, student learning and student engagement, perceptions of students on the prototype learning environments and furniture, as well as overall evaluation of the program by participants in the inaugural cohort. Lessons learnt from the Sophia Program have found seven important characteristics of effective professional learning. In summary, effective professional learning is one that is: ● contextualised, i.e. aligned with school goals, priorities and values, and addresses the learning needs of staff and students. ● includes the engagement of a strong leader with a committed group of educators. ● is longer in duration, reinforced over a longer period of time. ● includes establishing a prototype that enables educators and students to test and evaluate both design and pedagogy. ● includes multiple forms of active learning. ● includes forms of action research that enable evidence-based improvements. ● can be delivered virtually and face-to-face. In essence, the world-first Sophia program illustrates what a high-quality professional learning could look like—one that is ongoing, connected to both content knowledge and teacher practice, incorporates active learning and research-based practices, and encourages networking, collaboration, mentoring and time for practice, feedback, and reflection. The report concludes with directions for future practice that provides important school- and system-level implications.
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Scarrott, Rory, Cathal O'Mahony, Michael Sweeney, Jonathan Williams, Jeremy Gault, Timothy Sullivan et Ana Vila. KETmaritime : Setting course to energise maritime uptake of Key Enabling Technologies. University College Cork, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/10468.10928.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Key Enabled Technologies(KETs) have the potential to impact on many aspects of society, whilst transforming European industrial competitiveness at the local, national, and global scales. Studies funded by the European Commission have shown that European advances in six technology areas would not only enhance the leadership and competitiveness of European business, but also drive advances across Europe’s business sectors and society. Despite their applicability across sectors, KETs represent a change, and a new manner of moving forward. Business and society view change both positively, welcoming advances in technology and new tools and products to make life somewhat easier for citizens, and negatively, recognising that with change comes risk and a reticence to change. Like society, different industrial sectors will view innovation and new technology differently. As such, each sector requires a slightly different approach to energise KET uptake into their daily operations and lives. Recognition of this reality underpinned the development of this roadmap. Stakeholders have been engaged across the Atlantic Area, through the use of online surveying, face-to-face workshops, and one-to-one interviews conducted virtually. This has enabled the authors to develop an awareness of the maritime scene and community which offers such opportunities and potential for KETs. It also provided insights into the reality of energising this uptake when framed in the context of social, financial and governance realities. Over the course of the project, the team conducted an analysis of the maritime sector, to identify and map out any KET applications that were in development. In parallel, a diverse pool of academic and commercial stakeholders identified the opportunities they could see for KET applications in the maritime sector. They also identified factors which restrict uptake, and restrain viable trans- disciplinary innovations from effectively making it to market. Stakeholder perspectives were combined with the investigative findings to develop a vision for a KET-maritime innovation ecosystem. The barriers and challenges shaped a range of proposed actions, which target different facets of the innovation ecosystem to ease growth and shape development. These actors were iteratively reviewed by stakeholders, and amended accordingly. These actions form the basis of this roadmap, a proposed path towards realising a vibrant growing KET-maritime innovation ecosystem. It contains a suite of 60 inter-linked, systemic actions, framed within 35 action areas to achieve 9 core goals, spread across 5 thematic agendas (policy, funding, building a sustainable innovation ecosystem, capacity building, and awareness raising). This envisioned KET-maritime innovation ecosystem fosters application-led innovation, and advances societal and market benefits for all. Each of the 5 thematic agendas are summarised as a policy brief, provided in the Appendices. The actions applicable to each policy brief are detailed in this report, alongside a proposed timeframe for implementation. Each action is codified, and can be traced through the iterative review process using the provenance table supplied. The potential for KET applications across the Blue Economy is extensive, and all sectors offer at least some opportunities for KETs. Within this landscape, the following sectors are identified as having strong growth potential where KET’s can help to drive that growth: Fisheries and aquaculture; Blue biotechnology; Maritime surveillance; Marine renewable energy; Ship and boat building. Within these sectors, four specific KET-maritime applications research priorities are highlighted: Advanced materials application in marine renewable energy; Photonics application in maritime surveillance; Micro- and nano-electronics in maritime surveillance; Advanced manufacturing techniques in ship and boat building. Finally, the project team would like to take this opportunity to thank all stakeholders who participated in the workshops, interviews, and review activities which culminated in this roadmap.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial : 2011–2019. National Park Service, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.