Bibliographies thématiques / Glacial reconstruction

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Glacial reconstruction »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Glacial reconstruction"

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Temovski, Marjan, Balázs Madarász, Zoltán Kern, Ivica Milevski et Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger. « Glacial Geomorphology and Preliminary Glacier Reconstruction in the Jablanica Mountain, Macedonia, Central Balkan Peninsula ». Geosciences 8, no 7 (23 juillet 2018) : 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8070270.

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Although glacial landforms on the Balkan Peninsula have been studied since the 19th century, only scarce data are available about the extent of the former glaciations in the Central Balkan Peninsula, the transition zone between the Mediterranean and Central Europe. Glacial features of the Jablanica Mt. were mapped, described and classified into morphostratigraphic units. A revised glacio-geomorphological map was produced and glacial landforms were assigned to six morphostratigraphic units. Ten primary and two secondary cirques were identified in the upper parts of the studied valleys, while downstream the valleys were steep and glacially shaped with several glacial steps and thresholds. Cirque and valley morphology indicate that subglacial deepening was limited within the cirques and was more intensive in the valley sections during more extensive glacial phases. The largest reconstructed glaciers were 4.6–7 km long, while the last cirque glaciers were only a few hundred meters long. Using morphostratigraphic data, a glacier reconstruction was carried out for the largest mapped glacial extent. On the basis of glacial geomorphology, a former equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) of ~1800 m and glacier cover of 22.6 km2 were estimated during this stage. The local ELA values were compared to the regional ELA record and enabled to tentatively attribute a MIS 6 age for the reconstructed maximum ice extent in the study area.
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Hall, Kevin, Ian Meiklejohn et Adam Bumby. « Marion Island volcanism and glaciation ». Antarctic Science 23, no 2 (22 novembre 2010) : 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000878.

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AbstractSub-Antarctic Marion Island was the site of extensive volcanism as well as glaciation during both the Quaternary and the Holocene. Initial reconstructions suggested a link between deglaciation and the initiation of faulting which, in turn, facilitated lava eruptions during the interglacials. However, our reassessment of the faulting, volcanic rock, and palaeoglacier distribution indicate that these original interpretations were erroneous. Features thought to be due to faulting are shown to be erosional scarps and this significantly changes interpretations of former glacier distribution. Further, the loss of the former ice cap has revealed new information on former glaciers and their flow directions, thereby allowing reconstruction of palaeoglaciers. Our new reconstruction fits with information from invertebrate genetic mapping that suggest some lava outcrops were nunataks and, therefore, refuges during the Last Glacial period. The new findings of glacial landforms in areas previously covered by snow suggest there was a significant ice advance during the Little Ice Age. Although Holocene volcanic rocks overlie and mask much of the glacial evidence, it has been possible to develop a proposed new reconstruction for glaciation, which is presented together with some of the implications.
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Glasser, Neil F., et Matthew R. Bennett. « Glacial erosional landforms : origins and significance for palaeoglaciology ». Progress in Physical Geography : Earth and Environment 28, no 1 (mars 2004) : 43–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133304pp401ra.

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Glacial inversion modelling of continental-scale palaeo-ice sheets is now recognized as an important tool in palaeoglaciology. Existing palaeoglaciological reconstructions of the dimensions, geometry and dynamics of former ice sheets are based mainly on glacial depositional, as opposed to glacial erosional, landforms. Part of the reason for this is a lack of detailed understanding of the origin and significance of glacial erosional landforms. Here we review recent developments in our understanding of the processes and landforms of glacial erosion and consider their value in palaeoglaciology. Glacial erosion involves the removal and transport of bedrock and/or sediment by glacial quarrying, glacial abrasion and glacial meltwater. These processes combine to create a suite of landforms that are frequently observed in areas formerly occupied by ice sheets and glaciers, and which can be used in palaeoglaciological reconstructions. For example, all landforms of glacial erosion provide evidence for the release of subglacial meltwater and the existence of warm-based ice. Landforms of glacial quarrying such as roches moutonnées, rock basins and zones of areal scouring are created when cavities form between an ice sheet and its bed and therefore are indicative of low effective basal pressures (0.1-1 MPa) and high sliding velocities that are necessary for ice-bed separation. Fluctuations in basal water pressure also play an important role in the formation of glacially quarried landforms. Landforms of glacial abrasion include streamlined bedrock features (‘whalebacks’), some ‘p-forms’, striae, grooves, micro-crag and tails, bedrock gouges and cracks. Abrasion can be achieved by bodies of subglacial sediment sliding over bedrock or by individual clasts contained within ice. Although abrasion models depend critically on whether clasts are treated as dependent or independent of subglacial water pressure, it appears that abrasion is favoured in situations where effective basal pressures are greater than 1 MPa and where there are low sliding velocities. Consequently, landforms dominated by glacial abrasion are created when there is no ice-bed separation. Landforms of glacial meltwater erosion include both subglacial and ice-marginal meltwater channels. Investigations of the relationship between glacial meltwater channels and other aspects of the subglacial drainage system, such as areas of ice-bed contact, areas of ice-bed separation and precipitate-filled depressions, enable inferences to be made concerning former subglacial water pressure-drainage relationships, effective pressures and glacier velocities. Meltwater palaeovelocity and palaeodischarge can also be calculated from measurements of channel shape, channel width and the size of material transported within former glacial meltwater channels. We surmize that glacial erosional landforms offer insight into former glacio-logical conditions at both the landform- and landscape-scale within palaeoglaciology. Exposure-age dating techniques, including cosmogenic isotope dating of bedrock surfaces, will be important in increasing our understanding of the age and chronological significance of landforms of glacial erosion. We conclude that landforms of glacial erosion are of great value in ice mass reconstruction and speculate that these landforms will achieve greater recognition within palaeoglaciology in line with improvements in exposure-age dating techniques.
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Gribenski, Natacha, Pierre G. Valla, Frank Preusser, Thibault Roattino, Christian Crouzet et Jean-François Buoncristiani. « Out-of-phase Late Pleistocene glacial maxima in the Western Alps reflect past changes in North Atlantic atmospheric circulation ». Geology 49, no 9 (3 juin 2021) : 1096–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48688.1.

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Abstract Paleoglacier reconstructions in the northern and southern forelands of the European Alps indicate a synchronous Late Pleistocene glacial maximum during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2, in phase with global ice volume records. However, strong controversy remains for the western foreland, where scarce and indirect dating as well as modeling studies suggest glacial maxima out of phase with the rest of the Alps. New luminescence dating brings the first direct Late Pleistocene glacial chronology for the western Alpine foreland and reveals two major glacier advances of similar maximum extent, at ca. 75–60 and ca. 40–30 ka, coinciding with MIS 4 and late MIS 3. We propose that asynchrony in glacial maxima between the western and the northern and southern Alpine forelands results from a progressive spatial reorganization of the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic in response to Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet fluctuations. While such a feedback mechanism has emerged from general circulation models, our Late Pleistocene paleoglacial reconstruction permits tracking of the spatiotemporal evolution of moisture advection patterns over Western Europe.
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Cleator, Sean F., Sandy P. Harrison, Nancy K. Nichols, I. Colin Prentice et Ian Roulstone. « A new multivariable benchmark for Last Glacial Maximum climate simulations ». Climate of the Past 16, no 2 (6 avril 2020) : 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-699-2020.

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Abstract. We present a new global reconstruction of seasonal climates at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 000 years BP) made using 3-D variational data assimilation with pollen-based site reconstructions of six climate variables and the ensemble average of the PMIP3—CMIP5 simulations as a prior (initial estimate of LGM climate). We assume that the correlation matrix of the uncertainties in the prior is both spatially and temporally Gaussian, in order to produce a climate reconstruction that is smoothed both from month to month and from grid cell to grid cell. The pollen-based reconstructions include mean annual temperature (MAT), mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCO), mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWA), growing season warmth as measured by growing degree days above a baseline of 5 ∘C (GDD5), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and a moisture index (MI), which is the ratio of MAP to mean annual potential evapotranspiration. Different variables are reconstructed at different sites, but our approach both preserves seasonal relationships and allows a more complete set of seasonal climate variables to be derived at each location. We further account for the ecophysiological effects of low atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on vegetation in making reconstructions of MAP and MI. This adjustment results in the reconstruction of wetter climates than might otherwise be inferred from the vegetation composition. Finally, by comparing the uncertainty contribution to the final reconstruction, we provide confidence intervals on these reconstructions and delimit geographical regions for which the palaeodata provide no information to constrain the climate reconstructions. The new reconstructions will provide a benchmark created using clear and defined mathematical procedures that can be used for evaluation of the PMIP4–CMIP6 entry-card LGM simulations and are available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.244 (Cleator et al., 2020b).
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Andrews, John T. « Postface ». Géographie physique et Quaternaire 41, no 2 (15 janvier 2008) : 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032686ar.

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ABSTRACT Although major progress has been made in several research topics on the Laurentide Ice Sheet, there are still substantial problems that require investigation over the next decade. Of particular importance will be the active participation between modelers and those who provide the "ground truth". Although individual reconstructions of the ice sheet, based on glacial isostasy, glaciology, climatology, and glacial geology, will continue to be developed and refined the next important step should be the development of an integrated climate/glaciology/isostatic ice sheet reconstruction that will serve to provide a holistic series of predictions about glacial, glacial marine, and periglacial landforms, sediments, and chronologies. These predictions can then serve as the basis for guiding field programs to examine bedforms and sediments associated with this ice sheet. This program of model reconstruction and verification will require a more complete understanding of glacial depositional processes than is currently available and, in addition, will be heavily dependant on a detailed dating program to improve our knowledge of the chronology of events.
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XU, XIANGKE, BAOLIN PAN, GUOCHENG DONG, CHAOLU YI et NEIL F. GLASSER. « Last Glacial climate reconstruction by exploring glacier sensitivity to climate on the southeastern slope of the western Nyaiqentanglha Shan, Tibetan Plateau ». Journal of Glaciology 63, no 238 (23 janvier 2017) : 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.147.

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ABSTRACTImprovements in understanding glacial extents and chronologies for the southeastern slope of the western Nyaiqentanglha Shan on the Tibetan Plateau are required to understand regional climate changes during the Last Glacial cycle. A two-dimensional numerical model of mass balance, based on snow–ice melting factors, and of ice flow for mountain glaciers is used to assess the glacier sensitivity to climatic change in a catchment of the region. The model can reproduce valley glaciers, wide-tongued glaciers and a coalescing glacier within step temperature lowering and precipitation increasing experiments. The model sensitivity experiments also indicate that the dependence of glacier growth on temperature and/or precipitation is nonlinear. The model results suggest that the valley glaciers respond more sensitively to an imposed climate change than wide-tongued and coalescing glaciers. Guided by field geological evidence of former glacier extent and other independent paleoclimate reconstructions, the model is also used to constrain the most realistic multi-year mean temperatures to be 2.9–4.6°C and 1.8–2.5°C lower than present in the glacial stages of the Last Glacial Maximum and middle marine oxygen isotope stage 3, respectively.
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Milivojevic, Milovan, et Jelena Kovacevic-Majkic. « Glacial lakes Buni and Jezerce : Albania ». Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 85, no 1 (2005) : 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0501011m.

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The paper presents glacial lakes and glacial relief forms at the foothill of the peak Maja Jezerce in Mt. Prokletije in Albania, near the border with Montenegro. The group of lakes Buni and Jezerce, which consists of six lakes and which genetically belongs to glacial-erosional lakes, is analyzed. Lakes are situated at the cirque bottom, between the moraines and limestone ridges. Except presented morphometric characteristics of lake basins, data about cirque are given, as well as the reconstruction of the glacier which was formed here. Recent erosion processes are intensive in this area and have considerably changed post-Pleistocene morphology of the lake, as well as the cirque bottom.
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Tóth, Mónika, Enikő K. Magyari, Stephen J. Brooks, Mihály Braun, Krisztina Buczkó, Miklós Bálint et Oliver Heiri. « A chironomid-based reconstruction of late glacial summer temperatures in the southern Carpathians (Romania) ». Quaternary Research 77, no 1 (janvier 2012) : 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.09.005.

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Late glacial and early Holocene summer temperatures were reconstructed based on fossil chironomid assemblages at Lake Brazi (Retezat Mountains) with a joint Norwegian"Swiss transfer function, providing an important addition to the late glacial quantitative climate reconstructions from Europe. The pattern of the late glacial temperature changes in Lake Brazi show both similarities and some differences from the NGRIP δ18O record and other European chironomid-based reconstructions. Our reconstruction indicates that at Lake Brazi (1740 m a.s.l.) summer air temperature increased by ~ 2.8ºC at the Oldest Dryas/Bølling transition (GS-2/GI-1) and reached 8.1–8.7ºC during the late glacial interstade. The onset of the Younger Dryas (GS-1) was characterized by a weak (< 1ºC) decrease in chironomid-inferred temperatures. Similarly, at the GS-1/Holocene transition no major changes in summer temperature were recorded. In the early Holocene, summer temperature increased in two steps and reached ~ 12.0–13.3ºC during the Preboreal. Two short-term cold events were detected during the early Holocene between 11,480–11,390 and 10,350–10,190 cal yr BP. The first cooling coincides with the Preboreal oscillation and shows a weak (0.7ºC) temperature decrease, while the second is characterized by 1ºC cooling. Both cold events coincide with cooling events in the Greenland ice core records and other European temperature reconstructions.
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Whitehead, J. M., P. G. Quilty, B. C. Mckelvey et P. E. O’Brien. « A review of the Cenozoic stratigraphy and glacial history of the Lambert Graben—Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica ». Antarctic Science 18, no 1 (mars 2006) : 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102006000083.

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The Cenozoic glacial history of East Antarctica is recorded in part by the stratigraphy of the Prydz Bay—Lambert Graben region. The glacigene strata and associated erosion surfaces record at least 10 intervals of glacial advance (with accompanying erosion and sediment compaction), and more than 17 intervals of glacial retreat (enabling open marine deposition in Prydz Bay and the Lambert Graben). The number of glacial advances and retreats is considerably less than would be expected from Milankovitch frequencies due to the incomplete stratigraphic record. Large advances of the Lambert Glacier caused progradation of the continental shelf edge. At times of extreme glacial retreat, marine conditions reached > 450 km inland from the modern ice shelf edge. This review presents a partial reconstruction of Cenozoic glacial extent within Prydz Bay and the Lambert Graben that can be compared to eustatic sea-level records from the southern Australian continental margin.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Glacial reconstruction"

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Robinson, Bonnie Jean. « Reconstruction of the glacial history of the Columbia Icefield, Alberta ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ30670.pdf.

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Hughes, Anna L. C. « The last British Ice Sheet : a reconstruction based on glacial landforms ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16363/.

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The last British Ice Sheet has been a focus of research for over a century, and yet we have only a generalised picture of its extent and internal geometry. This is a remarkable situation compared to knowledge of the larger former ice sheets of North America and Fennoscandia. The central tenet of this thesis is that the glacial landform record has been neglected as a source of spatial information, hindering our attempts to reconstruct the characteristics of the ice sheet. This motivated systematic mapping of glacial landforms (subglacial bedforms, moraines, eskers, and meltwater channels) for the whole of Britain, yielding the first consistent and countrywide glacial maps. Mapping was achieved primarily using a high resolution (5 m horizontal) digital elevation model to visualise the landscape. Over 60,000 features were identified and mapped, greatly expanding the known distribution and pattern of glacial landforms. Analysis of the landform data permitted a country-wide reconstruction of the pattern of ice sheet retreat. A database of just over 400 dates, compiled from the literature, was used to arrange the pattern of retreat in time. This exercise highlighted various incompatibilities between the presently available dates. Examination of landform patterns enabled the elucidation of some pre-deglacial configurations of ice divides and flow geometry, including ice streams. This revealed the existence of both transient (migrating) and persistent ice divides. In contrast to other and larger palaeo-ice sheets, the majority of flow evidence in Britain exhibits a particularly close association with topography, indicative of an ice sheet thickness comparable with the amplitude of subglacial relief. The retreat pattern, flow geometries and divide configurations that have been identified from this research provide a set of evidence-based constraints at ice sheet scale for future numerical ice sheet modelling experiments.
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James, William Henry Meurig. « A landform based 3D reconstruction of glacier ice at the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Alps, New Zealand ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16345/.

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New Zealand fills a large geographic gap in the global glacial record, with landforms and near-surface deposits preserving a remarkable footprint of Quaternary glaciation. As one of the few land masses in the Southern Hemisphere, the record of glacial geomorphology is of great importance for research into the natural behaviour of the Earth’s climate system. This thesis presents a 3D simulation of the New Zealand Southern Alps glaciers at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, c. 30 to 18 ka) in an attempt to constrain glacial geometry of that period. To achieve this, the REVOLTA (Reconstruction of Volume and Topography Automation) model was developed, a Python script tool for ArcGISTM that requires just a DEM of glacier bed conditions and the down-valley extent of glaciation as initial inputs. Ice thickness is initially estimated at points along an automatically generated centreline network based on the perfect-plasticity rheology assumption, taking into account a valley side drag component of the force balance equation. Distributed ice thickness is subsequently interpolated using a glaciologically correct algorithm. Results indicate a total LGM ice volume of 6771.9 km3, in good correspondence of previous studies using a climate-driven ice dynamics approach. Combined with an estimate of contemporary ice volume (50.67 km3), this result reinforces the notion that New Zealand has lost almost the entirety (99.25 %) of its glacial ice since the LGM, although this volume has contributed to just 17.02 mm of global sea level rise. Analysis of the LGM distributed ice thickness output shows a large number of nunataks and exposed ridges in the central Mt. Cook and northern regions, with a localised icefield in the Fiordland area. LGM Equilibrium Line Altitudes (ELAs) automatically calculated using the Accumulation Area Ratio (AAR) method reveals an average lowering of 1074 m from present, with those to the west of main divide 461m lower than those to the east on average. LGM climatic conditions were estimated using the ELAs and scaled versions of contemporary temperature and precipitation distributions, suggesting a temperature reduction of between 5.6°C to 10.3°C and precipitation change of +4.3 % to +100.4% from present. When considering these new estimates in conjunction with critically evaluated previous evidence, an average LGM cooling of 6.5 °C to 8°C is proposed, a refinement on the wide range of previously published values. Importantly, there is large spatial variability between catchments, with eastern regions experiencing significantly greater cooling and greater precipitation increases (or less decrease) than their western counterparts. Increased westerly circulation and reduced sea level altering the relative position of the orographic barrier is a suggested potential mechanism for the predicted precipitation pattern changes, whilst increased southerly flow bringing cool air up the east coast is a possible cause of the temperature change differential predicted. The proportion of precipitation falling as snow or rain was also found to be an important factor when considering New Zealand LGM conditions, with up to 50% estimated to be falling as rain at the LGM ELA, with a strong east-west differential. Input dataset generation for REVOLTA resulted in several important research outcomes. A DEM approximating LGM bed conditions was created, using a variety of novel techniques to modify the existing DEM. These included the estimation of contemporary ice thickness distribution using the VOLTA (Volume and Topography Automation) model for removal from the DEM, merging offshore and lake bathymetry and considering Holocene in-fill sediments. Furthermore, an in-depth review of the most up to date literature and datasets regarding the lateral extent of LGM glaciation was also carried out, generating an updated ‘outline’ of LGM glaciation.
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Stutz, James Edward II. « Reconstruction of LGM and Post LGM Glacial Environment of McMurdo Sound : Implications for Ice Dynamics, Depositional Systems and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ». The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324595182.

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Weremeichik, Jeremy M. « Paleoenvironmental reconstruction by identification of glacial cave deposits, Helderberg Plateau, Schoharie County, New York ». Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536097.

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Eight dissolution caves from the Helderberg Plateau in Schoharie County, New York were studied to investigate unusual sediment packages previously interpreted to be deposits laid down during stagnant ice-cover conditions of the Wisconsin glaciation. The sediment package, consisting of white finely laminated silts and clays are overlain by coarse gravels, in turn overlain by dark silts and clays. Analysis of 63 sediment samples was inconclusive in terms of organic content, but indicated a higher degree of fine-grained calcite material in the white clays than in the overlying units. The caves with the white clays exist only within the footprint of Glacial Lake Schoharie, with lower elevation caves containing a thicker white clay sequence, a measure of the duration of lake cover. The sediment sequence represents glacial rock flour formed under stagnant lake conditions, overlain by outwash deposits emplaced during lake termination, and more recent sediment from soil-loss deposition.

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Wolff, Ingo Wilhelm. « The Last Glacial Maximum Patagonian Ice Sheet : a GIS-based high-resolution reconstruction approach ». Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/950c2c84-ce59-49f9-9946-19be41e9c750.

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The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS) provides the unique potential to reconstruct the former meridional position and precipitation rates of the Southern Westerly Wind Belt (SWWB) due to its considerable latitudinal distance perpendicular to this global wind system. To use this potential, a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of the LGM PIS would be crucial, but knowledge about even the exact planform of this biggest Quaternary ice sheet on the Southern Hemisphere, excluding Antarctica, is still very poor. The widely accepted limits of the ‘Finiglacial’ ice sheet extent, mapped over 80 years ago by Caldenius (1932), has been identified as the LGM extent at many locations (e.g. Kaplan et al., 2004, 2008a,b; Singer et al., 2004; Hein et al., 2009). However, apart from the broadly correct assignation of the ‘Finiglacial’ limit to the LGM, its resolution remains poor, imperfect, and outdated, despite some later adaptations (e.g. Hollin and Schilling, 1981a; Clapperton, 1993) with small improvements. All attempts to provide 3D reconstructions (Hollin and Schilling, 1981a; Hulton et al., 1994, 2002) date back almost 15 years and did not match the poorly constrained glacial geomorphological record. This study presents a novel attempt to cast all relevant absolute dating locations of glacial landforms into a refined spatio-chronological context of the LGM extent of the PIS. Based on this newly set spatio-chronological context, a geographical information system (GIS)-based high-resolution LGM extent reconstruction, both in planform and in 3D, is presented within this study. In contrast to its predecessors, the applied GIS-based modelling approach enables a grade of reconstruction resolution for an ice sheet, that is as big as Spain and that is otherwise found only in local valley-scale glacier reconstructions. The spatial resolution of the GIS-based 3D ice-sheet reconstruction surface lies at 100 metres, as does the implemented topographic data. This leads to a spatial ice-sheet surface resolution that is at least 200 times higher than any previous attempt to cover the entire LGM PIS. The 3D reconstruction of the LGM PIS using the newly defined extent is in good agreement with observations on vertical ice extents (Boex et al., 2013) and displays, for the first time, a realistic interaction with the complex Patagonian topography. The area of the LGM PIS is, with ca. 504,500 km2 (±8.5%) roughly a fourth of the area of Greenland and represents 554,500 km3 (±10%) of ice or 1.38 metres (±10%) of sea-level equivalent. The now available 3D reconstruction provides a starting point that, after minor revisions, could potentially allow gauging accumulation rates along up to 2,300 km perpendicular to the SWWB and, thus, inferring valuable palaeo-climatic insights from the LGM.
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Williams, Nicola Jane. « The environmental reconstruction of the last glacial cycle at Redhead Lagoon in coastal, eastern Australia ». Phd thesis, School of Geosciences, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/9044.2.

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This study reconstructs the palaeoenvironmental history during the last full glacial cycle (approximately the last 75,000 years) at Redhead Lagoon, an enclosed lake basin located in coastal, eastern New South Wales, Australia. This has been achieved primarily through sedimentological, palaeoecological and mineral magnetic analyses of long cores. The sequence adds to the limited number of long-term records in Australia and from this region in particular. The chronology of the sediment record is established through AMS radiocarbon and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. More than 30 AMS radiocarbon ages, using a variety of pre-treatment methods, have been obtained for three cores, which makes this one of the most comprehensively dated lake sediment sequences thus far in Australia. During the initial stages of the last glacial period the site was dominated by a mobile dune system with no permanent water, Supporting only semi-arid vegetation communities. The dune sand was part of a sequence of cliff-top dunes located on nearby Dudley Bluff emplaced by a process of ‘sand ramping’ during an earlier Pleistocene phase of lower sea level. Pollen analysis indicates that the sequence of vegetation changes seen at Redhead Lagoon broadly compares with the cyclical pattern of climatically induced changes seen in many other pollen records in southeastern Australia. Alternating open herbaceous and woodland/forest communities correspond with glacial and interglacial periods respectively. Superimposed on this pattern is a change towards a more open understorey vegetation assemblage, i.e. increasing values of Poaceae relative to Asteraceae (particularly type B) over the last 35,000 years. A sharp increase in the incidence of Casuarinaceae from the height of the last glacial and its subsequent decline relative to Eucalyptus in the latter stages of the Holocene is evident. While reduced moisture availability may have initially facilitated the expansion of Casuarinaceae, the restriction of Casuarinaceae during earlier arid periods indicates that another factor appears to have been in operation. An examination of changing Chenopodiaceae/Casuarinaceae ratios, an indicator of salt-tolerance, shows that soil salinity may have been a significant contributor to the incidence of Casuarinaceae at Redhead Lagoon. The driest period during the last glacial cycle occurred during MIS 2. A hiatus in one core from 0. 28,000 to 12,000 BP may have been caused by the erosion of sediments during the LGM and late glacial period. However, deposits dating from this period are preserved in a second core. This core indicates the presence of a Casuarinaceae-dominated open sclerophyll woodland in association with grassland and low water balances during the height of the last glacial period. The Holocene marks the start of a period of climatic amelioration. It is characterised by highly organic sediment deposition, an increase in pollen taxa diversity and the disappearance of several colder and/or drier taxa indicators (e.g. Asteraceae type B). The highest water balances in the sequence are attained during the early to mid-Holocene. This is suggested by the development of wet sclerophyll forest and the attainment of maximum values of taxa such as Pomaderris and Mela/euca. There is also a possible switch to a summer rainfall dominated climatic regime during this period. Both microscopic and macroscopic charcoal counting methods have been employed in this study. Importantly, this has allowed the quantitative assessment of the macroscopic charcoal method over a longer time period than previously documented in Australian records. An evaluation of the two procedures reveals several notable differences. In particular, the macroscopic charcoal method records several more local fire events unable to be distinguished by the microscopic charcoal technique. The relative importance of climatic and human influences on environmental change has been assessed. The majority of changes in the vegetation and charcoal records correlate with periods of significant climatic fluctuation. From around 35,000 years ago the vegetation became more open and ceased to support frequent or intense fires, resulting in a dramatic reduction in charcoal concentrations. This change may correspond with the start of a period of increased aridity that has been suggested from geomorphic evidence from southwestern New South Wales and increased ENSO variability. The small size of the Redhead Lagoon catchment, the close proximity of other larger and probably more attractive sites for humans, along with the limited population and nomadic lifestyle of the indigenous Aborigines, were probably major factors contributing to the relatively limited impact. In addition, the close proximity of the site to the coastline would likely have meant that fishing was an important activity and the open woodland found on this sandstone catchment is unlikely to have furnished many useful plant foods. Therefore, there may have been little advantage for humans in a location such as Redhead lagoon in manipulating the vegetation using fire. During the mid-Holocene, however, there is evidence of increases in disturbed ground taxa and the ‘fire adapted’ genus Eucalyptus, along with increased charcoal fragments. In addition, there is a significant increase in the aquatic wetland plant Typha, which was extensively used by the Aborigines. In the absence of climatic stress the combination of these increases in various vegetation types and charcoal concentrations suggest that anthropogenic burning may have caused landscape change from this time. There have been significant environmental changes since permanent European settlement began in the catchment. These include the introduction of several exotic vegetation types and significant increases in sediment accumulation rates, charcoal particles and possibly nutrient levels. In addition, there has been a decline in the incidence of several tree and rainforest taxa, which may reflect land clearing practices and the increasing fragmentation of forest communities after the arrival of European settlers. Changes in land use and human activity have had far more impact on the catchment than climatic and other natural fluctuations during this most recent period.
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Williams, Nicola Jane. « The environmental reconstruction of the last glacial cycle at Redhead Lagoon in coastal, eastern Australia ». Phd thesis, School of Geosciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9044.

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Standell, Matthew R. « Late glacial (Younger Dryas) glaciers and ice-sheet deglaciation in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland : glacier reconstructions and their palaeoclimatic implications ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16159.

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The Cairngorm Mountains contain an outstanding assemblage of glacial landforms from both the deglaciation of the last British Irish Ice Sheet and the Younger Dryas readvance. Glaciers are recognised as sensitive indicators of past and present climate change and, thus, these landforms provide information about past climate and glacier-climate interaction that can be used to contextualise the present climate change. Previous interpretations have left doubt over the extent and style of the Younger Dryas readvance. In addition, the pattern and timing of deglaciation in the southern Cairngorms and, particularly, how local and external ice masses interacted is unclear. New geomorphological mapping from aerial images and fieldwork has been compiled in a GIS for a 600km2 area of the Cairngorm Mountains. This has allowed a complex pattern of ice-dammed lakes and local and regionally sourced ice margins to be reconstructed during the retreat of the last British Irish Ice Sheet. The mapping has been combined with new cosmogenic surface exposure ages taken from areas of hummocky moraine previously subject to differing age interpretations. The effect of moraine denudation on apparent 10Be ages has been checked by inverse modelling of the 10Be concentration vs. boulder height. The results indicate more extensive Younger Dryas glaciation, with glacier reconstructions and equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) comparable with the surrounding areas. Reconstruction of both valley and plateau-fed glaciers are presented, with modelling of local topoclimatic factors, such as radiation, avalanche and snow drifting, combined with precipitation gradients, explaining most of the variation within the glacier ELAs. The geomorphological evidence and palaeoclimatic inferences are important, alongside a growing number of palaeoglaciological studies, in acting as evaluation areas for current numerical models of ice-sheet growth and decay.
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Lagerbäck, Adolphi Emma. « Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating and Last Glacial Climate Reconstruction from the Lingtai Loess Section, Chinese Loess Plateau ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296666.

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High resolution dating of loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) has increased the understanding of past monsoon climate but also raised questions regarding dust mass accumulation rate (MAR), the presence of disturbances or gaps in the sediment record, a possible teleconnection between North Atlantic and East Asian monsoon climate, and whether these events are due to climate variability, local settings, or age model uncertainties. This study undertakes a detailed (<20cm sampling resolution) -OSL investigation of the Lingtai section to create an independent age model using linear regression, to reconstruct monsoon climate changes using magnetic susceptibility(MS) and grain size (GS) proxies, as well as to calculate MAR for the site. The data shows that between 44-15 ka climate changes from a period of strong summer monsoon to a strong winter monsoon. GS data show variable trends attributed to changes in dust storm activity and local environmental conditions. MAR data does not correlate with grain size and is different from other loess records on the CLP. Such differences are either due to local variations or age model uncertainties. No clear correlation with Heinrich events or teleconnection with North Atlantic climate is visible in the records over the Last Glacial period, and hiatuses or gaps are not obviously present at this site. It is suggested that using linear regression for continuous age model construction from the luminescence ages comes with uncertainties due to subjective bias when fitting the lines and determining shifts in the data, especially during MAR calculations. Further studies are needed to ascertain optimal methods for creating age models, and to constrain the reasons behind the variability between different sites and loess records on the CLP.
Högupplöst OSL-datering av loessjordar från CLP har ökat förståelsen av dåtida monsunklimat, men har även lyft frågan gällande MAR, närvaron av avbrott eller småskaliga event i jordsektionerna, möjligheten av en relation mellan de Nordatlantiska och Ostasiatiska monsunklimaten, och om dessa förändringar sker till följd av faktisk klimatvariation, lokala förutsättningar, eller osäkerheter i åldersmodellen. Studien genomförde en detaljerad (<20cm) OSL-undersökning av Lingtai-sektionen för att skapa en oberoende åldersmodell, återge monsunklimatförändringarna genom tillämpning av MS och GS proxies, samt beräkna MAR från platsen. Resultaten påvisar att mellan 44-15 ka förändrades klimatet från en period av stark sommar- till en stark vinter-monsun. Kornstorleks-resultaten påvisar stora variationer vilka kan kopplas till en förändring i sandstormsaktivitet samt de lokala förutsättningarna för deposition av sediment. MAR-resultaten överensstämmer inte med kornstorleksdatan och skiljer sig från den övriga empirin, detta kan bero på lokala variationer i regionen eller osäkerheter i åldermodellen. Det finns ingen klar korrelation mellan "Heinrich events" eller en "teleconnection" i sektionen, och avbrott samt störningar i sektionen är inte förekommande. Avsaknaden av korrelation antyder att användningen av regressionslinjer för att skapa kontinuerliga åldermodeller kommer innebära fortsatta osäkerheter i empirin, speciellt gällande beräking av MAR. Ytterligare studier krävs för att bestämma optimala metoder för att framställa åldersmodeller, samt att utröna orsaken till skillnaden mellan resultat från olika platser på plat
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Livres sur le sujet "Glacial reconstruction"

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Herget, Jürgen. Reconstruction of Pleistocene ice-dammed lake outburst floods in the Altai Mountains, Siberia. Boulder, Colo : Geological Society of America, 2005.

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Porthun, Carsten. Temperaturrekonstruktion im tropischen Atlantik für das Letzte Glaziale Maximum : CLIMAP neu betrachtet = Temperature reconstruction in the tropical Atlantic for the Last Glacial Maximum : CLIMAP revisited. Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2000.

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Kleiber, Hans Peter. Late Quaternary paleoclimatic reconstructions along the Eurasian continental margin : Spätquartäre paläoklimatische Rekonstruktionen entlang des Eurasischen Kontinentalhanges. Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2000.

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Renssen, Hans. The climate during the Younger Dryas stadial : Comparing global atmospheric simulation experiments with climate reconstructions based on geological evidence. Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijksundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 1997.

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Nam, Seung-Il. Late quaternary glacial history and paleoceanographic reconstructions along the East Greenland continental margin, evidence from high-resolution records of stable isotopes and ice-rafted debris = : Spätquartäre Vereisungsgeschichte und palözeanographische Rekonstruktionen am ostgrönländischen Kontinentalrand. Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1997.

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(Editor), M. Kucera, R. Schneider (Editor) et M. Weinelt (Editor), dir. MARGO - Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface. Elsevier Science, 2006.

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(Editor), M. Kucera, R. Schneider (Editor) et M. Weinelt (Editor), dir. MARGO - Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface. Elsevier Science, 2006.

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Weinelt, M., Schneider R et M. Kucera. MARGO - Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2006.

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Reconstruction Of Pleistocene Ice-dammed Lake Outburst Floods In The Altai Mountains, Siberia. Geological Society of America, 2005.

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Palaeogeography and palaeoecology of Carabus auronitens (Coleoptera) : Characterization and localization of glacial refugia in southern France and reconstruction of postglacial expansion routes by means of allozyme polymorphisms. Keltern-Weiler : Goecke & Evers, 2002.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Glacial reconstruction"

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Bakke, Jostein, et Øyvind Paasche. « Sediment Core and Glacial Environment Reconstruction ». Dans Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 979–84. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_471.

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Peng, Tsung-Hung, et Wallace S. Broecker. « Reconstruction of Radiocarbon Distribution in the Glacial Ocean ». Dans Radiocarbon After Four Decades, 75–92. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4249-7_7.

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Andrič, Maja, Julieta Massaferro, Ueli Eicher, Brigitta Ammann, Markus Christian Leuenberger, Andrej Martinčič, Elena Marinova et Anton Brancelj. « A multi-proxy Late-glacial palaeoenvironmental record from Lake Bled, Slovenia ». Dans Palaeolimnological Proxies as Tools of Environmental Reconstruction in Fresh Water, 121–41. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3387-1_7.

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Casshyap, S. M., et V. K. Srivastava. « Glacial and Proglacial Talchir Sedimentation in Son-Mahanadi Gondwana Basin : Paleogeographic Reconstruction ». Dans Gondwana Six : Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleontology, 167–82. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm041p0167.

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Ahmad Baba, Waseem, Pankaj Kumar, Jitendra Kumar Pattanaik et Neloy Khare. « Dronning Maud Land (Antarctica) and Reconstruction of Its Glacial History with Cosmogenic Radionuclides ». Dans Earth and Environmental Sciences Library, 73–95. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87078-2_5.

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Lewis, C. F. M., et T. W. Anderson. « Oscillations of levels and cool phases of the Laurentian Great Lakes caused by inflows from glacial Lakes Agassiz and Barlow-Ojibway ». Dans Paleolimnology and the Reconstruction of Ancient Environments, 59–106. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2655-4_4.

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Jasper, John P., et J. M. Hayes. « Reconstruction of Paleoceanic PCO2 Levels from Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Sedimentary Biogenic Components ». Dans Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean : Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change, 323–41. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78737-9_14.

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Altabet, M. A., et R. Francois. « The Use of Nitrogen Isotopic Ratio for Reconstruction of Past Changes in Surface Ocean Nutrient Utilization ». Dans Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean : Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change, 281–306. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78737-9_12.

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Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean, William B. Curry, Niall Slowey et Gavin A. Schmidt. « The Overturning Circulation of the Glacial Atlantic ». Dans Reconstructing Ocean History, 7–31. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4197-4_2.

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Cortijo, Elsa, Estelle Balbon, Mary Elliot, Laurent Labeyrie et Jean-Louis Turon. « Glacial and Interglacial Hydrological Changes in the North Atlantic Ocean ». Dans Reconstructing Ocean History, 83–101. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4197-4_6.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Glacial reconstruction"

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Rubin, Allison, Sophie Louise Norris et Duane G. Froese. « PALAEOHYDRAULIC RECONSTRUCTION OF GLACIAL LAKE EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA ». Dans GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359660.

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Bird, Brian, et Andrew Kozlowski. « BASIN-WIDE RECONSTRUCTION OF GLACIAL LAKE IROQUOIS USING LIDAR ». Dans 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272488.

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Paradis, Michael J. « RECONSTRUCTION OF LATE-GLACIAL MARINE PALEOECOLOGY IN NORRIDGEWOCK, MAINE ». Dans 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-311232.

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Gavin, Daniel, Avinesh Kumar et Nicolas Waldmann. « POST-GLACIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION FROM SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY, BELLS LAKE, NORTHERN IDAHO ». Dans GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-371361.

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Walther, Tess L., Brenda L. Hall et George H. Denton. « RECONSTRUCTION OF KOETTLITZ GLACIER IN THE MCMURDO SOUND REGION, ANTARCTICA DURING THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM AND TERMINATION ». Dans 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328560.

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Rogers, Emma R., et Darryl E. Granger. « A NEW RECONSTRUCTION OF PLEISTOCENE LAKE TIGHT SHOWING GLACIAL ISOSTATIC FLEXURE AT 1.3 MA ». Dans 54th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020nc-347901.

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Walther, Tess L., Brenda L. Hall et George H. Denton. « GSA QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY DIVISION MARIE MORISAWA AWARD : RECONSTRUCTION OF KOETTLITZ GLACIER, SOUTHERN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA, DURING THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM AND TERMINATION ». Dans GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339317.

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Grabowski, Julia D. « RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LOWERING OF THE POST-POULTER AGE GLACIAL LAKE SPEIGHT IN NEW ZEALAND'S SOUTHERN ALPS ». Dans GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287380.

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Pickett, Wesley, Jonathan E. Nyquist et John Lane. « GEOMORPHIC SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION OF A GLACIAL STREAM TERRACE USING 3D GPR DATA, HADDAM MEADOWS STATE PARK, HADDAM, CONNECTICUT ». Dans 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272416.

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Nash, T. Andrew. « RECONSTRUCTION OF LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM AVERAGE WINTER TEMPERATURES AND CHRONOLOGIC CORRELATION OF WISCONSINAN PALEOSOL DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHWESTERN OHIO ». Dans GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318603.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Glacial reconstruction"

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Calafat, Franciso Mir, Thomas Frederikse, Kevin Horsburgh et Nadim Dayoub. Mediterranean sea-level reconstruction spanning 1960-2018. EuroSea, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.2.

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We have used spatiotemporal Bayesian methods to produce statistically rigorous estimates of sea-level trends in the Mediterranean Sea since 1960 by combining tide gauge and satellite altimetry data. Furthermore, we have also quantified the contributions from sterodynamic sea-level change, land-mass changes and glacial isostatic adjustment to the trends.
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Smith, I. R., et D. J. A. Evans. Kimberlite indicator minerals and glacial reconstructions in Tertiary Beaufort Formation and Quaternary glacial deposits, Smoking Hills, NT. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/311322.

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Rice, J., R. C. Paulen, M. Ross, M. B. McClenaghan et H. E. Campbell. Quaternary geology of the southern Core Zone area, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331426.

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The complex glacial geomorphology of east-central Quebec and western Labrador has resulted in conflicting ice-sheet reconstructions, leaving many questions regarding the behaviour of large ice sheets within their inner regions. Specifically, the ice-flow chronology and subglacial conditions remainpoorly constrained. To address this, surficial geology investigations were conducted across the border of Quebec and Labrador. A complex glacial history consisting of five ice-flow phases influenced by regional ice-stream dynamics was identified, including a near-complete ice-flow reversal. During each ice-flow phase, the subglacial thermal conditions fluctuated both spatially and temporally, resulting in palimpsest glacial dispersal patterns. Deglacial ages from samples collected as part of this research confirm deglaciation occurred relatively rapidly around 8 ka. The results of this work lead to a better understanding of the glacial history of an inner region of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and have important implications for mineral exploration in the southern Core Zone area.
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Rice, J. M., R. C. Paulen, M. Ross, M. B. McClenaghan et H E Campbell. Quaternary geology of the south Core Zone area, Quebec and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330903.

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The complex glacial geomorphology of east-central Quebec and western Labrador has resulted in conflicting ice sheet reconstructions leaving many questions regarding the behaviour of large ice sheets within their inner regions. Specifically, the ice-flow chronology and subglacial conditions remain poorly constrained. To address this, surficial geology investigations were conducted across the border of Quebec and Labrador. A complex glacial history consisting of five ice-flow phases influenced by regional ice stream dynamics was identified, including a near-complete ice-flow reversal. During each ice-flow phase, the subglacial thermal conditions fluctuated both spatially and temporally, resulting in palimpsest glacial dispersal patterns. Deglacial ages from samples collected as part of this research confirm deglaciation occurred relatively rapidly around 8 ka. The results of this work improve our understanding of the glacial history of an inner region of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and have important implications for mineral exploration in the southern Core Zone area.
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Heard, Joshua. Late Pleistocene and Holocene Aged Glacial and Climatic Reconstructions in the Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington, United States. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.557.

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Marcott, Shaun. A Tale of Three Sisters : Reconstructing the Holocene glacial history and paleoclimate record at Three Sisters Volcanoes, Oregon, United States. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5275.

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