Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Gestione feature »

LABURPENA: Azken aldian eraldaketa politiko, ekonomiko eta sozial ugari bizi izan ditugu jarraian, eta, beraz, administrazio publikoen eta administrazio-zuzenbidearen behar larria dugu, agintari publikoen funtzionamendua, antolaketa eta jarduera arautzen dituen antolamendu den heinean. Lan honetan plangintza administratiboaren oinarrizko ezaugarrietara hurbiltzen gara, gestio publiko berria deritzonaren tresna den heinean, eta herritarrek administrazio-jardueran, oro har, eta interes publikoen kudeaketan bereziki, ebaluatzeko eta parte hartzeko bide gisa duen balioa ere aztertzen dugu. RESUMEN: La sucesion de transformaciones politicas, economicas y sociales en que estamos inmersos llevan implicita una necesidad inminente de las Administraciones publicas y del Derecho administrativo en cuanto ordenamiento regulador del funcionamiento, la organizacion y la actuacion de los poderes publicos. El presente trabajo propone una aproximacion a las caracteristicas basicas de la planificacion administrativa como instrumento de la denominada nueva gestion publica, asi como a su validez como cauce de evaluacion y participacion de los ciudadanos en la actuacion administrativa, en general y en la gestion de los intereses publicos en particular. ABSTRACT: The succession of economic and social transformations we are immersed into is integral to an impending need of Public Administrations and Administrative Law as for regulating order for the functioning, organization and action of public powers. The current work proposes an analysis to the basic features of the administrative planing is an instrument of the so called new public management as well as to its validity as a channel for assessment and citizens’ participation in the administrative action in general, and the management of public interests in particular.

La gestión del ciclo de vida de producto (PLM - Product Lifecycle Management) requiere un conjunto de soluciones para representar e integrar la información de una familia de producto. Las soluciones deben considerar los cambios en los requerimientos de los usuarios y del dominio, los cuales pueden ocurrir por diversas causas. Cada cambio modifica la información de producto, generando una nueva versión del mismo. Por lo tanto, la propuesta de este trabajo tiene por objetivo introducir un enfoque basado en ontologías para la gestión de versiones de información de familia de productos a lo largo de su ciclo de vida. Esta propuesta plantea conceptos generales para la captura y representación de los cambios, independientemente del modelo de productos utilizado para la representación de estas familias. Asimismo, se presenta la aplicación del modelo propuesto en dos modelos de productos diferentes: la ontología de productos PRONTO (PRoduct ONTOlogy) y el modelo de características (FM – Feature Model).

The logistics activity exercise is in fact submitted to several constraints related to physical, financial and information flows; it also requires operational expenses optimization, compliance with performance indicators and processes control. Being structured in different integrated modules, the ERPs provide operational, tactical and strategic planning features that allow the company to balance its supply and demand plans. Although project management practices are considered effective nowadays, many companies are still struggling to implement these ERPs and automate the various logistics processes: indeed the situation of such projects becomes uncontrollable or they are abandoned. It is therefore appropriate to consider, in this article, the main risks that may arise during the logistics integration in the ERPs; then try to explain the most adequate governance to implement in order to reduce their impact.

<p>Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide large information management capabilities. However, in many cases the feature of the visualization of this data over a huge detailed three-dimensional terrain does not exist or are limited, wich can be very useful or desirable in many applications. This paper presents the integration of SANTI, a three-dimensional visualization system of large terrain areas and geographical data, with gvSIG, a free GIS software. We describe the capabilities of the visualization system, the approach to connect the two systems and how it is applied to a project in development for the management of the excavation of the Castro de la Lanzada located at the Galician coast (Spain).</p>

La participación de estudiantes en iniciativas de b-learning genera una gran cantidad de datos e indicadores que no siempre son adecuadamente analizados por los docentes. Las plataformas de formación virtual permiten gestionar de manera óptima dichos indicadores. En este trabajo se aplican técnicas de minería de datos para identificar aquellos indicadores que puedan tener mayor valor predictivo, a la hora de medir el rendimiento de los estudiantes, en el contexto de una asignatura de grado que combina actividades docentes presenciales con actividades soportadas en aplicaciones de teleformación.Predictive feature selection of academic efficiency in a b-learning modelAbstractStudent participation in b-learning initiatives generates a large amount of data and indicators that are not always properly used by teachers. Virtual learning platforms enable an optimal management of these indicators. In this paper we apply data mining techniques to identify indicators that may be used in assessing student performance in the context of a b-learning course that combines classroom teaching activities with virtual activities.

Abstract. The (234U/238) equilibrium state of borehole core samples from the deep, low-permeability limestone formations surrounding the target argilite layer of the Meuse/Haute-Marne experimental site of the French agency for nuclear waste management -ANDRA- (Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs) was examined to improve understanding of naturally occurring radionuclide behaviour in such geological settings. Highly precise, accurate MC-ICP-MS measurements of the (234U/238U) activity ratio show that limestone samples characterised by pressure dissolution structures (stylolites or dissolution seams) display systematic (234U/238U) disequilibria, while the pristine carbonate samples remain in the secular equilibrium state. The systematic feature is observed throughout the zones marked by pressure dissolution structures: (i) the material within the seams shows a deficit of 234U over 238U ((234U/238U) down to 0.80) and (ii) the surrounding carbonate matrix is characterised by an activity ratio greater than unity (up to 1.05). These results highlight a centimetric-scale uranium remobilisation in the limestone formations along these sub-horizontal seams. Although their nature and modalities are not fully understood, the driving processes responsible for these disequilibria were active during the last 1–2 Ma. Keywords: uranium isotopes, multiple-collector ICP-MS, waste management, remobilisation, migration

Este artículo presenta un modelo de investigación en ingeniería basado en estrategias de gestión del conocimiento, el cual pretende mejorar las relaciones entre la academia, la investigación y la empresa, con el propósito de reducir la brecha existente entre el factor de información y de conocimiento, a fin de fortalecer la investigación en ingeniería.Para dicho propósito se empleó la teoría de la complejidad aplicada a los grupos de investigación académicos, donde se espera relacionar las características que le son propias y aportar conjuntamente soluciones a los problemas de la sociedad actual, especialmente en la aplicación de las posibles innovaciones (nuevas o de conocimientos mejorados) encontradas con el apoyo de la empresas pública o privada.Model engineering research supported by knowledge managementABSTRACTThis paper presents a model of research in engineering based on strategies for knowledge management, which aims to propose better relationships between the academy, the research and the business sector that look for bringing down the gap existed in the information field and knowledge to strengthen the research in engineering. For this purpose, it was employed the complexity theory, applied to the academic research groups where it is expected to relate the features that are implicitly stated looking for providing common solutions to the problems presented in the current society; especially in the implementation of the possible innovations (new or improved knowledge) found with the support of the public or private companies.Keywords: academy, engineering, enterprise, knowledge management, model, research.

Creating a system that integrates quality management and environmental management is paramount today, based on epistemology, standards and systems with similar features that allow integration but what draws the attention of this methodology is that it is not only for private companies, public marketing, services or products; but rather it is to natural areas that are most affected areas; until now wear is constantly growing; This over time has affected and continues to affect sustainability, and therefore spoiled the quality of life of the population. The purpose of this article is to socialize the system integrates into one management systems according to the needs of natural areas, with the sole purpose of improving their management, to maintain and improve the sustainability of the selected area where the system is applied integrated to improve the quality of life of the population of this natural area. The indicators that integrates this system will allow to have a common comparative analysis, same as will contribute to taking preventive actions and / or corrective actions, as well as adopt policies of continuous improvement.

Resumen. En el presente artículo se analiza la identidad de la mujer emprendedora mar­cada por factores culturales como la conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral y la adscripción de factores psicológicos y de personalidad basados en rasgos expresivo comunales. Se destaca la diferencia cultural que sigue asignando a la mujer las principales tareas de cuidado domé­stico y la proyección vital del emprendimiento femenino más orientado a compatibilizar los ámbitos personales y profesionales. Mediante un trabajo de campo basado en entrevistas en profundidad con 10 expertos y 20 mujeres emprendedoras de la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja, se demuestra cómo las propias mujeres exteriorizan el proceso del emprendimiento con rasgos comunes, más allá de las limitaciones, desde una perspectiva sintética de su rol de “persona” que busca su realización y gestiona su tiempo entre sus diferentes facetas vitales.Palabras clave: emprendimiento, mujer emprendedora, identidad femenina, sexismo, género.Abstract. This article analyses the identity of female entrepreneurs marked by cultural factors such as balancing work and family life as well as psychological and personality factors based on common expressive features. There is still a great cultural difference that continues to appoint women as responsible for the main tasks of home care and the vital projection of female entrepreneurship more oriented to combine personal and professional fields. This fieldwork based on in-depht interviews with 10 experts and 20 women entrepreneurs from the region of La Rioja demonstrates how women themselves externalize the process of entre­preneurship with common features, far beyond limits, from a synthetic perspective of their role as “individuals” looking for personal fulfilment and managing their own time in their dif­ferent life aspects.Keywords: entrepreneurship, female entrepreneurs, female identity, sexism, gender.

Tropical timber regions across the world share common problems such as degradation and poor regeneration after timber harvesting. Traditional Mayan land management through slash and burn is now recognized as an effective way of renewing forest stands in multispecies tropical forests. The practice of slash and burn for forest management in Mexico has led to area regulation, which has made land value a convenient means of assessing alternative forest plans. The use of expected land value as a performance indicator shifts the manager's attention from managing a species mix to balancing financial tradeoffs between liquidation or retention of the standing biomass. Since the forest-wide residual stock is so large, land value overrides the importance of revenue from timber sales. Several forest management methods along these lines have appeared in tropical regions of Mexico over a thirty-year time span and represent a patrimonial system of forest management (PS). The gradual innovation generated by PS is described here, as well as examples of PS practices. PS methods today provide stewardship for a total of 155,814 ha in different parts of Mexico. PS performance will become evident in the long run; in the meantime, the embrace of PS by private landowners and regulatory institutions is equated with a positive, independent opinion about PS design. The Mexican experience suggests pathways for rational management of all types of forests. PS features that are worth replicating are, for instance, the inclusion of disturbance patterns as factors in decision making, as well as the use of specific silvicultural regimes for roads, woodlands, closed forests, hilltops, swamps, riparian zones, clearings and forest edges.

L'elettroencefalogramma (EEG) fornisce registrazioni non-invasive delle attività e delle funzioni cerebrali sotto forma di serie temporali, a loro volta caratterizzate da una risoluzione temporale e spaziale (dipendente dai sensori), e da bande di frequenza specifiche per alcuni tipi di condizioni cerebrali. Tuttavia, i segnali EEG risultanti sono non-stazionari, cambiano nel tempo e sono eterogenei, essendo prodotti da differenti soggetti e venendo influenzati da specifici paradigmi sperimentali, condizioni ambientali e dispositivi. Inoltre, questi segnali sono facilmente soggetti a rumore e possono venire acquisiti per un tempo limitato, fornendo un numero ristretto di condizioni cerebrali sulle quali poter lavorare. Pertanto, in questa tesi viene proposta una pipeline flessibile per l'elaborazione e la gestione dei segnali EEG, affinchè possano essere più facilmente comprensibili e quindi più facilmente sfruttabili in diversi tipi di applicazioni. Inoltre, la pipeline flessibile proposta è divisa in quattro moduli riguardanti la pre-elaborazione del segnale, la sua normalizzazione, l'estrazione e la gestione di feature e la classificazione dei dati EEG. La pre-elaborazione del segnale EEG sfrutta la multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) per scomporre il segnale nelle sue modalità oscillatorie, chiamate intrinsic mode function (IMF), ed usa un criterio basato sull'entropia per selezionare le IMF più relevanti. Queste IMF dovrebbero mantenere le naturali dinamiche cerebrali e rimuovere componenti non-informative. Le risultati IMF rilevanti sono in seguito sfruttate per sostituire il segnale o aumentare la numerosità dei dati. Nonostante MEMD sia adatto alla non-stazionarietà del segnale EEG, ulteriori passi computazionali dovrebbero essere svolti per mitigare la caratteristica eterogeneità di questi dati. Pertanto, un passo di normalizzazione viene introdotto per ottenere dati comparabili per uno stesso soggetto o più soggetti e tra differenti condizioni sperimentali, quindi permettendo di estrarre feature nel dominio temporale, frequenziale e tempo-frequenziale per meglio caratterizzare il segnale EEG. Nonostante l'uso di un insieme di feature differenti fornisca la possibilità di trovare nuovi pattern nei dati, può altresì presentare alcune ridondanze ed incrementare il rischio di incorrere nella curse of dimensionality o nell'overfitting durante la classificazione. Pertanto, viene proposta una selezione delle feature basata sugli algoritmi evolutivi con un approccio completamente guidato dai dati. Inoltre, viene proposto l'utilizzo di modelli di apprendimento non o supervisionati e di nuovi criteri di stop per un algoritmo genetico modificato. Oltretutto, l'uso di diversi modelli di apprendimento automatico può influenzare il riconoscimento di differenti condizioni cerebrali. L'introduzione di modelli di deep learning potrebbe fornire una strategia in grado di apprendere informazioni direttamente dai dati disponibili, senza ulteriori elaborazioni. Fornendo una formulazione dell'input appropriata, le informazioni temporali, frequenziali e spaziali caratterizzanti i dati EEG potrebbero essere mantenute, evitando l'introduzione di architetture troppo complesse. Pertato, l'utilizzo di differenti processi ed approcci di elaborazione potrebbe fornire strategie più generiche o più legate a specifici esperimenti per gestire il segnale EEG, mantenendone le sue naturali caratteristiche.
The electroencephalogram (EEG) provides the non-invasive recording of brain activities and functions as time-series, characterized by a temporal and spatial (sensor-dependent) resolution, and by brain condition-bounded frequency bands. Moreover, it presents some cost-effective device solutions. However, the resulting EEG signals are non-stationary, time-varying, and heterogeneous, being recorded from different subjects and being influenced by specific experimental paradigms, environmental conditions, and devices. Moreover, they are easily affected by noise and they can be recorded for a limited time, thus they provide a restricted number of brain conditions to work with. Therefore, in this thesis a flexible pipeline for signal processing and management is proposed to have a better understanding of the EEG signals and exploit them for a variety of applications. Moreover, the proposed flexible pipeline is divided in 4 modules concerning signal pre-processing, normalization, feature computation and management, and EEG data classification. The EEG signal pre-processing exploits the multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) to decompose the signal in oscillatory modes, called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and uses an entropy criterion to select the most relevant IMFs that should maintain the natural brain dynamics, while discarding uninformative components. The resulting relevant IMFs are then exploited for signal substitution and data augmentation. Even though MEMD is adapt to the EEG signal non-stationarity, further processing steps should be undertaken to mitigate these data heterogeneity. Therefore, a normalization step is introduced to obtain comparable data inter- and intra-subject and between different experimental conditions, allowing the extraction of general features in the time, frequency, and time-frequency domain for EEG signal characterization. Even though the use of a variety of feature types may provide new data patterns, they may also present some redundancies and increase the risk of incurring in classification problems like curse of dimensionality and overfitting. Therefore, a feature selection based on evolutionary algorithms is proposed to have a completely data-driven approach, exploiting both supervised and unsupervised learning models, and suggesting new stopping criteria for a modified genetic algorithm implementation. Moreover, the use of different learning models may affect the discrimination of different brain conditions. The introduction of deep learning models may provide a strategy to learn directly from the available data. By suggesting a proper input formulation it could be possible to maintain the EEG data time, frequency, and spatial information, while avoiding too complex architectures. Therefore, using different processing steps and approaches may provide general or experimental specific strategies to manage the EEG signal, while maintaining its natural characteristics.

Of the most important concerns of market practitioners is future information of the companies which offer stocks. A reliable prediction of the company’s financial status provides a situation for the investor to more confident investments and gaining more profits(Huang, 2012b). Accurately prediction of stocks’ prices has a positive affects into the organizations financial stability (Asadi et al., 2012). Since financial market is complex and has non-linear dynamic systems, its prediction is really challenging (Huang and Tsai, 2009). The steady and amazing progress of computer hardware technology in the past decades has led to large supplies of powerful and affordable computers, data collection equipment, and storage media. This technology provides a great boost to the database and information industry and makes a huge number of databases and information repositories available for transaction management, information retrieval, and data analysis. Data mining are defined as group of algorithms and methods designed to analyze data or to extract patterns in specific categories from data contributing greatly to business strategies, engineering, medical research, and financial areas (Klosgen and Zytkow, 1996). Prediction of stock prices, credit scores, and even bankruptcy potentials are examples of significant applicability of data mining in the field of finance. In this research we are using the potential tools of data mining area for the forecasting the stocks and shares’ prices and future trends. However, there are different approaches in financial forecasting in general and stock market price forecasting in particular including using fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and news via econometric or machine learning algorithms (Atsalakis et al., 2011; Kar et al., 2014), while in the this thesis we will go through all of these methodologies. The structure of the thesis is consist of three papers of the author, published in the ISI journals about using technical and fundamental features for stock market prediction with different algorithms in the data mining as chapter 3 until chapter 5. The thesis exploits different types of financial data set and established three aspects of stock market forecasting via different combination of feature engineering in the finance dataset and machine learning models.

In questo elaborato viene presentato un nuovo modello di costo per le matrici per estrusione basato su un approccio feature-based. Nel particolare si è cercato di definire il costo di questi prodotti sulla base delle loro caratteristiche geometriche e tecnologiche.

Technological progress has been enabling companies to add disparate features to their existing products. This research investigates the effect of adding more features on consumers’ evaluation of the product, by examining in particular the role of the congruity of the features added with the base product as a variable the moderates the effect of increasing the number of features. Grounding on schema-congruity theory, I propose that the cognitive elaboration associated with the product congruity of the features added explains consumers’ evaluation as the number of new features increases. In particular, it is shown that consumers perceive a benefit from increasing the number of features only when these features are congruent with the product. The underlying mechanisms that explains this finding predicts that when the number of incongruent features increases the cognitive resources necessary to elaborate such incongruities increase and consumers are not willing to spend such resources. However, I further show that when encouraged to consider the new features thoughtfully, consumers do seem able to infer value from increasing the number of moderately incongruent features. Nonetheless, this finding does not apply for those new features that are extremely incongruent with the product. Further evidence for consumers’ ability to resolve the moderate incongruity associated with adding more features is also shown, by studying the moderating role of temporal construal. I propose that consumers perceive an increase in product evaluation as the number of moderately incongruent features increases when consumers consider purchasing the product in the distant future, whereas such an increase is not predicted for the near future scenario. I verify these effect in three experimental studies. Theoretical and managerial implications, and possible avenues of future research are also suggested.

Technological progress has been enabling companies to add disparate features to their existing products. This research investigates the effect of adding more features on consumers’ evaluation of the product, by examining in particular the role of the congruity of the features added with the base product as a variable the moderates the effect of increasing the number of features. Grounding on schema-congruity theory, I propose that the cognitive elaboration associated with the product congruity of the features added explains consumers’ evaluation as the number of new features increases. In particular, it is shown that consumers perceive a benefit from increasing the number of features only when these features are congruent with the product. The underlying mechanisms that explains this finding predicts that when the number of incongruent features increases the cognitive resources necessary to elaborate such incongruities increase and consumers are not willing to spend such resources. However, I further show that when encouraged to consider the new features thoughtfully, consumers do seem able to infer value from increasing the number of moderately incongruent features. Nonetheless, this finding does not apply for those new features that are extremely incongruent with the product. Further evidence for consumers’ ability to resolve the moderate incongruity associated with adding more features is also shown, by studying the moderating role of temporal construal. I propose that consumers perceive an increase in product evaluation as the number of moderately incongruent features increases when consumers consider purchasing the product in the distant future, whereas such an increase is not predicted for the near future scenario. I verify these effect in three experimental studies. Theoretical and managerial implications, and possible avenues of future research are also suggested.

Dans le domaine de l’apprentissage automatique, la sélection d’attributs est une étape d’une importance capitale. Elle permet de réduire les coûts de calcul, d’améliorer les performances de la classification et de créer des modèles simples et interprétables.Récemment, l’apprentissage par contraintes de comparaison, un type d’apprentissage semi-supervisé, a suscité un vif intérêt pour la sélection d’attributs. En effet, celui-ci est moins contraignant car il n’impose pas la connaissance des labels des classes.Dans ce contexte semi-supervisé avec contraintes, nous avons proposé un algorithme de sélection d’attributs à large marge appelé Relief-Sc. Il s’agit d’une modification de l’algorithme supervisé Relief. Il utilise uniquement les contraintes de comparaison cannot-links pour résoudre un problème d’optimisation convexe donnant une solution unique. Les contraintes sont généralement générées aléatoirement, de manière passive et dans certains cas, défavorables aux performances de l’algorithme. Pour cela, nous proposons une méthodologie de sélection active des contraintes suivie d’une étape de propagation des contraintes. Nous avons appliqué la théorie de la perturbation sur la matrice de similarité du graphe Laplacien. Les contraintes cannot-links sont choisies parmi les couples de données ayant le plus d’influence sur la matrice de similarité. La procédure de propagation des contraintes est appliquée pour assurer une augmentation des informations de supervision tout en réduisant l’effort humain. De plus, dans un souci de gestion de la redondance des attributs, nous avons proposé d’étendre l’algorithme Relief-Sc en y intégrant une procédure de classification non supervisée des attributs. Cette approche permet de traiter les deux aspects fondamentaux de la sélection des attributs : maximiser la pertinence tout en minimisant la redondance (maximisation de la diversité) entre les attributs. Finalement, nous avons validé expérimentalement les algorithmes proposés en les comparant à d’autres algorithmes de sélection d’attributs sur plusieurs bases de données UCI. Nous avons montré qu’avec peu d’information de supervision, les performances des algorithmes proposés sont comparables aux algorithmes de sélection supervisée et supérieures aux algorithmes non supervisés
Feature selection is a preprocessing step crucial to the performance of machine learning algorithms. It allows reducing computational costs, improving classification performances and building simple and understandable models. Recently, using pairwise constraints, a cheaper kind of supervision information that does not need to reveal the class labels of data points, received a great deal of interest in the domain of feature selection. Accordingly, we first proposed a semi-supervised margin-based constrained feature selection algorithm called Relief-Sc. It is a modification of the well-known Relief algorithm from its optimization perspective. It utilizes cannot-link constraints only to solve a simple convex problem in a closed-form giving a unique solution. However, we noticed that in the literature these pairwise constraints are generally provided passively and generated randomly over multiple algorithmic runs by which the results are averaged. This leads to the need for a large number of constraints that might be redundant, unnecessary, and under some circumstances even inimical to the algorithm’s performance. It also masks the individual effect of each constraint set and introduces a human labor-cost burden. Therefore, we suggested a framework for actively selecting and then propagating constraints for feature selection. For that, we made use of the similarity matrix based on Laplacian graph. We assumed that when a small perturbation of the similarity value between a data couple leads to a more well-separated cluster indicator based on the second eigenvector of the graph Laplacian, this couple is expected to be a pairwise query of higher and more significant impact. Constraints propagation, on the other side, ensures increasing supervision information while decreasing the cost of human labor. Besides, for the sake of handling feature redundancy, we proposed extending Relief- Sc to a feature selection approach that combines feature clustering and hypothesis margin maximization. This approach is able to deal with the two core aspects of feature selection i.e. maximizing relevancy while minimizing redundancy (maximizing diversity) among features. Eventually, we experimentally validate our proposed algorithms in comparison to other known feature selection methods on multiple well-known UCI benchmark datasets which proved to be prominent. Only with little supervision information, the proposed algorithms proved to be comparable to supervised feature selection algorithms and were superior to the unsupervised ones

La reconnaissance de mouvements naturels est de toute première importance dans la mise en oeuvre d'Interfaces Homme-Machine intelligentes et efficaces, utilisables de manière intuitive en environnement virtuel. En effet, elle permet à l'utilisateur d'agir de manière naturelle et au système de reconnaitre les mouvements corporel effectués tels qu'ils seraient perçu par un humain. Cette tâche est complexe, car elle demande de relever plusieurs défis : prendre en compte les spécificités du dispositif d'acquisition des données de mouvement, gérer la variabilité cinématique dans l'exécution du mouvement, et enfin gérer les différences morphologiques inter-individuelles, de sorte que les mouvements de tout nouvel utilisateur puissent être reconnus. De plus, de part la nature interactive des environnements virtuels, cette reconnaissancedoit pouvoir se faire en temps-réel, sans devoir attendre la fin du mouvement. La littérature scientifique propose de nombreuses méthodes pour répondre aux deux premiers défis mais la gestion de la variabilité morphologique est peu abordée. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une description du mouvement permettant de répondre à cette problématique et évaluons sa capacité à reconnaitre les mouvements naturels d'un utilisateur inconnu. Enfin, nous proposons unenouvelle méthode permettant de tirer partie de cette représentation dans une reconnaissance précoce du mouvement

La manutenzione predittiva, o Prognostic Health Management (PHM), è l’innovativa politica manutentiva basata monitoraggio continuo dello stato di salute dei componenti meccanici, grazie all’acquisizione dei dati tramite sensori applicati sui componenti stessi. Questi dati non sono facilmente analizzabili direttamente: è difatti necessaria un’attività di processing, volta ad estrarre delle caratteristiche significative e sintetiche del segnale, chiamate in letteratura features. Tipicamente, alla fase di estrazione delle features, segue una fase di selezione delle features e/o costruzione di un indicatore di salute, al fine di ridurre la dimensionalità dei dati ed aumentare la performance degli algoritmi futuri che riceveranno in input tali features per la diagnostica e/o prognostica. Questa tesi si focalizza proprio sulla costruzione di un indicatore di salute (HI) tramite programmazione genetica mono-obiettivo (algoritmo euristico basato sulla teoria della selezione naturale di Darwin, assai promettente rispetto alle tecniche tradizionali di selezione di features) a partire da un insieme di features estratte manualmente nel dominio del tempo. I segnali utilizzati provengono da un prototipo costruito all’interno del Laboratorio dell’Università di Bologna. In particolare, è stato analizzato il comportamento della cinghia, che rappresenta uno dei componenti chiave del prototipo, dalla messa in funzione in stato sano fino alla rottura (run-to-failure test). Il modello sarà costruito in ambiente MATLAB, attraverso lo sfruttamento del Genetic Programming Toolbox presente nel software stesso. Infine, per valutare il risultato ottenuto, l’HI costruito è stato dato in pasto ad un algoritmo di fitting e di previsione della vita utile residua (RUL), allo scopo di valutare l’errore medio di previsione rispetto a quanto realmente accaduto durante il test. I risultati ottenuti sembrano positivi, ma sono necessari sviluppi futuri per valutare la robustezza dell’indicatore.

Selon l'Union Internationale des Télécommunications (UIT), la progression importante du nombre de téléphones mobiles à travers le monde a dépassé toutes les prévisions avec un nombre d'utilisateurs estimé à 6 Mds en 2011 dont plus de 75% dans les pays développés. Cette progression importante produit une pression forte sur les opérateurs de téléphonie mobile concernant les ressources radio et leur impact sur la qualité et le degré de service (GoS) dans le réseau. Avec des demandes différenciées de services émanant de différentes classes d'utilisateurs, la capacité d'identifier les types d'utilisateurs dans le réseau devient donc vitale pour l'optimisation de l'infrastructure et des ressources. Dans la présente thèse, une nouvelle approche de classification des utilisateurs d'un réseau cellulaire mobile est proposée, en exploitant les données du trafic réseau fournies par deux opérateurs de téléphonie mobile en Afrique du Sud. Dans une première étape, celles-ci sont décomposées en utilisant deux méthodes multi-échelles ; l'approche de décomposition en mode empirique (Empirical Mode Decomposition approach - EMD) et l'approche en Ondelettes Discrètes (Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform approach - DWPT). Les résultats sont ensuite comparés avec l'approche dite de Difference Histogram qui considère le nombre de segments de données croissants dans les séries temporelles. L'approche floue de classification FCM (Fuzzy C-means) est utilisée par la suite pour déterminer les clusters, ou les différentes classes présentes dans les données, obtenus par analyse multi-échelles et par différence d'histogrammes. Les résultats obtenus montrent, pour la méthode proposée, une séparation claire entre les différentes classes de trafic par rapport aux autres méthodes. La deuxième partie de la thèse concerne la proposition d'une approche d'optimisation des ressources réseau, qui prend en compte la variation de la demande en termes de trafic basée sur les classes d'abonnés précédemment identifiés dans la première partie. Une nouvelle approche hybride en deux niveaux pour l'allocation des canaux est proposée. Le premier niveau considère un seuil fixe de canaux alloués à chaque cellule en prenant en considération la classe d'abonnés identifiée par une stratégie statique d'allocation de ressources tandis que le deuxième niveau considère une stratégie dynamique d'allocation de ressources. Le problème d'allocation de ressources est formulé comme un problème de programmation linéaire mixte (Mixed-Integer Linear programming - MILP). Ainsi, une approche d'allocation par période est proposée dans laquelle un groupe de canaux est alloué de façon dynamique pour répondre à la variation de la demande dans le réseau. Pour résoudre le problème précédent, nous avons utilisé l'outil CPLEX. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu'une solution optimale peux être atteinte par l'approche proposée (MILP)
The growth in the number of cellular mobile subscribers worldwide has far outpaced expected rates of growth with worldwide mobile subscriptions reaching 6 Billion subscribers in 2011 according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). More than 75% of this figure is in developing countries. With this rate of growth, greater pressure is placed on radio resources in mobile networks which impacts on the quality and grade of service (GOS) in the network. With varying demands that are generated from different subscriber classes in a network, the ability to distinguish between subscriber types in a network is vital to optimise infrastructure and resources in a mobile network. In this study, a new approach for subscriber classification in mobile cellular networks is proposed. In the proposed approach, traffic data extracted from two network providers in South Africa is considered. The traffic data is first decomposed using traditional feature extraction approaches such as the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT) approach. The results are then compared with the Difference Histogram approach which considers the number of segments of increase in the time series. Based on the features extracted, classification is then achieved by making use of a Fuzzy C-means algorithm. It is shown from the results obtained that a clear separation between subscriber classes based on inputted traffic signals is possible through the proposed approach. Further, based on the subscriber classes extracted, a novel two-level hybrid channel allocation approach is proposed that makes use of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to consider the optimisation of radio resources in a mobile network. In the proposed model, two levels of channel allocation are considered: the first considers defining a fixed threshold of channels allocated to each cell in the network. The second level considers a dynamic channel allocation model to account for the variations in traffic experienced in each traffic class identified. Using the optimisation solver, CPLEX, it is shown that an optimal solution can be achieved with the proposed two-level hybrid allocation model

Cette thèse, co-dirigée par Jean-Marc Boucher et Ronan Fablet (IMT Atlantique) et co-encadrée par Didier Charlot (iXBlue), Gilles Le Chenadec et Michel Legris (ENSTA Bretagne), a été réalisée dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE au sein de la société iXBlue. iXblue développe et commercialise un sondeur multifaisceaux (MBES) SEAPIX principalement dédié au marché de la pêche. Ce système a été développé pour offrir le meilleur compromis entre performances de détection et son coût de revient. Outre les caractéristiques classiques d'un MBES, il propose la particularité unique de pouvoir insonifier des fauchées différentes sous le navire par dépointage électronique du faisceau d'émission de bâbord à tribord et d'avant en arrière. Le travail de thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'apport de ces nouvelles capacités multi-fauchées dans l'analyse et la classification des fonds marins. La première partie du travail a consisté à réaliser une analyse détaillée de la chaîne de mesure. Cette étude a permis d'évaluer la consistance des niveaux de rétrodiffusion entre les différents modes d'insonification. La deuxième partie s'est intéressée à la recherche des caractéristiques discriminantes du signal rétrodiffusé en tenant compte de la géométrie d'acquisition de chaque mode d'insonification. La dernière étape du travail a porté sur des méthodes de fusion des données acquises. Cette étude s'est réalisée en deux approches; la première considère des données venant du même mode d'insonification (intra-mode) et la seconde venant de modes différents (inter-mode), pour la cartographie des fonds marins. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus mettent en évidence l'intérêt de la chaîne de traitement proposée et d'une architecture multi-mode sur les jeux de données réelles traitées
This thesis, co-directed by Jean-Marc Boucher and Ronan Fablet (IMT Atlantique) and co-supervised by Didier Charlot (iXBlue), Gilles Le Chenadec and Michel Legris (ENSTA Bretagne), was realized in the context of a convention CIFRE with the company iXBlue.iXblue develops and commercializes a multibeam echosounder (MBES) SEAPIX primarily dedicated to the fishery market. The system is optimized to offer the best compromise between performances capabilities and cost. In addition to the classical characteristics of an MBES, it offers the unique feature of scanning the seafloor (and the water column volume) by electronical beamform multiple the emission swaths from port to starboard, as well as from forward to backward. The objective of the thesis is to study the contribution of these new multi-swath capacities in the analysis and classification of the seafloor.The first part of the work consisted in carrying out a detailed analysis of the measurement chain. This study evaluated the consistency in acquiring the backscattering strength from different insonification modes. The second part investigated the discriminant characteristics of the backscattered signal while taking into account the acquisition geometry of each insonification mode. The last stage of the work involved to methods of fusing the acquired data. This study was carried out in two approaches; the first considers data from the same insonification mode (intra-mode) and the second from different modes (inter-mode), for the seafloor classification. The obtained experimental results highlight the interest of the proposed processing chain and a multi-mode architecture on the real datasets

The purpose of the monograph, which contains a modern view of the problem of adaptation of children with extremely low body weight, is to provide a wide range of doctors with basic information about the clinical picture, functional activity of innate and adaptive immunity, prognostic criteria of postnatal pathology, based on their own research. The specific features of the immunological reactivity of premature infants of various gestational ages who have developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of newborns (RN) from the moment of birth and after reaching postconceptional age (37-40 weeks) are described separately. The mechanisms of their implementation with the participation of factors of innate and adaptive immunity are considered in detail. Methods for early prediction of BPD and RN with the determination of an integral indicator and an algorithm for the management of premature infants with a high risk of postnatal complications at the stage of early rehabilitation are proposed. The information provided makes it possible to personify the treatment, preventive and rehabilitation measures in premature babies. The monograph is intended for obstetricians-gynecologists, neonatologists, pediatricians, allergists-immunologists, doctors of other specialties, residents, students of the system of continuing medical education. This work was done with financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science, grant of the President of the Russian Federation No. MK-1140.2020.7.

El presente artículo constituye un adelanto de los resultados de una investigación situada en la Zona Metropolitana de Cochabamba (Bolivia), referida a las estrategias de gestión vecinal del agua y su efecto en la configuración territorial. Las estrategias y efectos identificados se desarrollan en un contexto de escasez de recursos hídricos, acelerado crecimiento urbano, marco normativo que posibilita la autogestión e importantes niveles de inversión pública municipal y metropolitana. El acercamiento a esta realidad se realiza, primero, mediante la descripción de la zona de estudio y la problemática del agua en la región; segundo, a través de la exposición y análisis de formas y estrategias de gestión de agua, junto a los principales efectos en la morfología de los barrios y las redes urbanas. Los resultados muestran la generación de un orden territorial particular que sugiere que algunas redes instauran lógicas de fragmentación en vez de articulación. We report on results derived from investigations related with vicinal strategies on water management and their effects on the territorial configuration of Cochabamba (Bolivia) metropolitan area. These strategies and their effects are determined by several factors namely, water resources scarcity, accelerated urban growth, self-management legal possibilities and important levels of public investment in both municipal as well as metropolitan scales. The approach is done firstly by describing the features of the studied zone and the problematic of water in the region. Secondly, through the show and analysis of the different forms and strategies of water management, we pay special attention to their effects on the morphology of neighborhoods and the urban networks. The results show the generation of a different territorial ordering which, differing from the one usually adopted in the literature, seems to exhibit how certain types of networks create fragments instead of articulations.

La comuna de Santiago-centro ofrece un caleidoscopio diverso de ejemplos de renovación urbana. Encuadrando la renovación urbana en el contexto local, desde sus distintas lógicas y motivaciones, se postula la existencia de tres periodos que dan cuenta de la aplicación de esta política pública en Chile, revelando distintas conceptualizaciones de la intervención del Estado en la ciudad: un primer periodo que responde a una lógica dominada por el deseo de estructuración urbana (18 72-1939); un segundo periodo que responde a una lógica social y es respuesta a la escasez de vivienda (1966-1976) y un tercer periodo marcado por el neoliberalismo y la lógica de re-poblamiento y gestión del suelo (1985-). Se presentan las principales características de las tipologías representativas de la periodización propuesta y resultados de terreno de dos casos de estudio examinados desde una perspectiva de reflexión sobre nuevas formas de mirar la ciudad, que se focaliza en los usos y el ambiente. Santiago, and particularly its down-town, offers a kaleidoscope of diverse examples of urban renewal. Framing urban renewal in the local context, from its different logics and motivations, it is postulated that there are three periods that account for the implementation of this policy in Chile, revealing different conceptualizations of State intervention in the city: a first period reflects a logic dominated by the desire of urban structuring (1872-1939), a second period is enrolled in a social logic and an answer to housing lack (1966-1976) and a third period is marked by neoliberalism and the logic of re-settlement and landmanagement (1985 -). The text presents the main features of representative types of periods proposed and field results of two case studies examined in the perspective of new ways to look at the city, which focuses on the uses and “ambiance” understood as the sensit ive environment.

La ciudad contemporánea es la resultante de un crecimiento continuo y acelerado donde las lógicas proyectuales y de gestión producen impactos que se perciben en el paisaje y en el territorio. Tales dinámicas de transformación se reflejan en los bordes de la ciudad consolidada con el consumo de suelo agrario. Los bordes, la interfase entre ambas situaciones da lugar a un área que alterna el uso rural y el residencial disperso, afectando las condiciones ambientales de estos ámbitos suburbanos. La lectura interpretativa de esta nueva modalidad (urban sprawl) adquiere particularidades específicas en el contexto de las áreas metropolitanas de Rosario y Santa Fe registrando, en el periodo 2002-2012, las transformaciones en el uso residencial sea en su condición de barrio cerrado o abierto en el área suburbana. Esta visión se aborda desde la observación del paisaje metropolitano contemporáneo y tiene entre sus objetivos más importantes, el de aportar a la construcción de nuevas herramientas que permitan valorar ese paisaje de borde, entre lo natural y lo construido, entendido como un recurso patrimonial sostenible en el tiempo. Esta investigación toma como antecedente el estudio comparativo e interpretativo de los procesos de transformación en los usos del suelo de las mencionadas áreas y se propone verificar, tanto en la centralidad como en los bordes y en las expansiones, las formas y modalidades de ocupación del suelo en relación a las características del paisaje resultantes de los procesos de suburbanización y expansión en la periferia. The contemporary city is the result of a continuous and rapid growth where logic and management of design produce impacts that are perceived on the landscape and territory. Those dynamics of change are reflected in the edges of the consolidated city and in the ownership of agricultural land. The edges, the interface between the two situations, results in an area that alternates rural and spread residential use, affecting environmental conditions in these suburban areas. The appreciation of this new modality (urban sprawl) acquires specific characteristics in the context of metropolitan areas of Rosario and Santa Fe, registering in the period 2002-2012, the transformations in the residential use – both in its condition of closed and open neighborhood in the suburban area. This point of view is approached from the observation of the contemporary metropolitan landscape, and it has among its main objectives to contribute to the construction of new tools to assess the landscape border between the natural and the built, understood as a sustainable heritage resource in time. This research takes as its antecedent the comparative and interpretive study of the processes of transformation in land use of the mentioned areas, and intends to verify in the centrality, as in the edges and the expansions, forms and modalities of soil occupation in relation to landscape features.

En los últimos años se han planteado en España diversos sistemas para traducir el Planeamiento urbano a un sistema digital, (Extremadura, Castilla y León, Canarias…). En el presente trabajo se exponen las características principales que definen la propuesta de planeamiento digital establecida en el programa “Impulso del Urbanismo en Red” del Ministerio de Industria, cuya arquitectura ha sido definida por el autor de esta ponencia y que se resumen en: * La definición de una estructura de información encapsulable en un fichero GML capaz de contener cualquier plan independientemente de su origen, complejidad o función y que sea susceptible de asociarle códigos de seguridad que garanticen su inviolabilidad (firma electrónica). A tal efecto se establece un modelo de datos que contiene los componentes básicos de los planes y las relaciones entre ellos en un lenguaje de “operación” entre planes que permitan obtener un refundido mediante un mecanismo de computación automatizable. * La especificación y desarrollo de las herramientas de diseño de Planeamiento que faciliten a los equipos redactores construir planes digitales que cumplan la estructura digital establecida. * La formación de Registros administrativos de planeamiento digital, que controlan la situación del planeamiento mediante operaciones de inscripción, que son responsables de la publicidad del planeamiento y que incluyen funciones de validación, inscripción y refundido de los planes en sistemas de información territoriales que garanticen la vinculación jurídica no solo de los planes como piezas individuales sino también del refundido digital. * La especificación y desarrollo de las herramientas de control, validación y refundido que permitan mantener los registros de planeamiento digital por parte de las administraciones competentes. * La definición normalizada de los sistemas y lenguajes de visualización gráfica y acceso a la normativa que permitan utilizar Internet como canal único de acceso al Planeamiento y de obtención de planeamiento vinculante digital. * La especificación y desarrollo de las herramientas informáticas de explotación y consulta digital mediante servicios WMS, WFS y XML estándar. * La definición de estilos de representación consensuados y estables que faciliten la legibilidad del planeamiento independientemente de su productor, de su ámbito de aplicación o de la legislación de base en la que se apoye. La definición de un marco legislativo urbanístico estatal, regional y municipal que contemple estos sistemas de planeamiento digital vinculante. * El establecimiento de las bases para la normalización de conceptos urbanísticos que faciliten la integración del planeamiento en los niveles municipal, regional y estatal y los mecanismos de agregación y reutilización desde los niveles de más detalle a los menos. * La mejora de los procesos de tramitación del planeamiento, convirtiendo todo el ciclo de vida del plan en digital, asegurando su carácter participativo, dando valor jurídico a los sistemas de notificación basados en técnicas electrónicas, construyendo los sistemas de acceso universal a los planes mediante Internet que permitan consultar el plan y presentar sugerencias y alegaciones, con las siguientes condiciones: que el plan a consultar corresponda exactamente con el plan aprobado, que la información disponible corresponda a la totalidad del plan, que el sistema de representación y navegación esté construido de tal forma que permita acceder fácilmente a toda la información disponible y, finalmente, construyendo sistemas de análisis y validación de la calidad de los planes, como ayuda al informe técnico preceptivo para su aprobación. La ponencia presenta una solución que cumple todas estas condiciones y que se postula como un posible estándar para la sistematización y digitalización del Planeamiento Urbano, como fase inicial para la incorporación de los procesos de gestión y ejecución urbanas hasta configurar un sistema de gestión integral de la información territorial. Recently in Spain have emerged several technologies to convert urban planning into a digital system (Extremadura, Castilla y León, Canary Islands…). In this document are set out the main features that describe the proposal of digital urban planning included in the program “Impulso del Urbanismo en Red” started by the Ministry of Industry of Spain, whose computing architecture has been designed by the author of this paper and summarized in the following items: * Definition of an information structure incorporated in a GML file capable to contain any plan regardless of their origin, complexity or duty and to be able to associate security codes to ensure their inviolability (electronic signature). For such purpose is established a data model which contains the main components and the relationships between them in a language of “operation” among several plans in order to achieve an adapted plan through a computing automated mechanism. * Specification and development of all the drawing tools for urban planning in order to make easier the duty of urban planning editors to make digital plans with a digital structure established. * Creation of official registries for urban planning to control the state of those documents by registration tasks. These registries are responsible of publishing the plans, and include validation, registration and adaptation of urban planning in regional information systems that ensure legal effectiveness not only for the separated plan but also the final adapted plan. * Developing tools to control, to validate and to adapt the plans in order to keep maintained the digital registries by the relevant authorities. * Standardize definition of systems and languages for graphic viewing and provide the access to the legal documents of urban planning and for using Internet as the only access channel to these documents and a way to obtain digital planning with total legal effectiveness. * Specification and development of computing tools to provide consulting services through standard WMS, WFS and XML services. Reach a consensus in the definition of stable drawing styles that facilitates legibility of urban planning regardless of producer, range or legal documents that supports them. * Definition of a city planning legal framework (state, regional) that consider these digital planning systems. * Establishment of the basis for standardization developments of urban planning concepts that facilitate its integration in the different state or regional levels and set all the mechanisms of aggregation and reuse of these levels gradually. * Improving the stages of official processes in urban planning, making the entire life cycle of digital plan ensuring its participative role, giving legal status to the reported systems based on digital techniques, building universal access systems through Internet to consult, suggest and complain with the following conditions: the consulted plan must correspond to the approved one; the information available must correspond to the whole plan; consulting and navigation system shall become so simple that allows easy access to all the information; finally, analysis and validation systems must be designed to verify the quality of the plans as an assistance to the legal report for approval. This document sets out a solution that comply all these conditions and it stands as a possible standard for urban planning systematization and digitization, as first stage for adding management and building processes in order to make a whole territorial information system