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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Germany (East) – Economic policy »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 28 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Germany (East) – Economic policy"

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Petzina, Dietmar. « The Economic Dimension of the East–West Conflict and the Role of Germany ». Contemporary European History 3, no 2 (juillet 1994) : 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000771.

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A survey of the economic problems in East–West relations during the era of the Cold War is of particular interest from the German perspective. First, no other Western industrial country played a comparable role in the economic relations with East European countries; and secondly, East–West trade, especially the economic contacts with the German Democratic Republic (GDR), became an outstanding feature of German Ostpolitik under the conditions of the divided country. It appears to be an acceptable proposition to say that this form of West Germany economic and trade policy was the equivalent of the militarily defined US policy towards the Soviet Union, in so far as the famous dictum of the former Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt, that the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) was ‘an economic giant and a political dwarf only partly corresponded to reality. It therefore seems appropriate to discuss the economic dimension of the East–West conflict in the context of German interests and policies – not to the exclusion of all else, but with a certain priority.
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Canzler, Weert. « Transport Infrastructure in Shrinking (East) Germany ». German Politics and Society 26, no 2 (1 juin 2008) : 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2008.260205.

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Policy on transport infrastructure in Germany will come under increasing pressure thanks to considerable changes in basic conditions. Demographic change, shifts in economic and regional structures, continued social individualization, and the chronic budget crisis in the public sphere are forcing a readjustment of government action. At root, the impact of the changes in demographics and economic structures touches on what Germans themselves think their postwar democracy stands for. Highly consensual underlying assumptions about Germany as a model are being shaken. The doctrine that development of infrastructure is tantamount to growth and prosperity no longer holds. The experience in eastern Germany shows that more and better infrastructure does not automatically lead to more growth. Moreover, uniform government regulation is hitting limits. If the differences between boom regions and depopulated zones remain as large as they are, then it makes no sense to have the same regulatory maze apply to both cases. In transportation policy, that shift would mean recasting the legal foundations of public transport.
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Qi, Xiaoyu Emily. « The Influence of Political Motivation in Germanys Economic Development ». Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 71, no 1 (18 janvier 2024) : 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/71/20241517.

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The reasons behind the German post-World War II "Wesswunder" have been the subject of a contentious discussion for decades. This also applies to a second matter, which comes up in the discussion of the causes of the 1950s "economic miracle" in West Germany. Despite multiple policy changes, the East German economy persisted in its decline, ultimately resulting in the integration of East Germany into West Germany. The paper concludes the different development path of the East German and West German after the World War II by focus on the interaction between the factor of economic and the politics in a country and how them affect in ones economic development. The factors that influence a country's economic results outside the economic system are emphasized. Due to ideological intervention, the GDR could not integrate market factors into its planned economy. The result of not respecting economic laws and only considering political interests is economic failure, which leads to a series of negative factors such as social unrest and the regression of political reform.
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Courtnage, Matthew Creagan, et Libby Rittenberg. « Wage Policy in East Germany ». Comparative Economic Studies 36, no 3 (septembre 1994) : 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.1994.24.

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Quack, S., et F. Maier. « From State Socialism to Market Economy—Women's Employment in East Germany ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 26, no 8 (août 1994) : 1257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a261257.

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The transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market economy involves a wide-ranging redistribution of paid employment, income, and individual opportunities. Men and women in the former East Germany (GDR)—who before reunification had equal roles of participation in paid labour—have been affected in different ways by the restructuring of the East German economy. Women are now more often unemployed, and for longer periods, and face greater difficulties in finding a job. In order to explain these differences between men and women, the authors investigate the economic, social, and political dimensions of the transformation process. The main argument is that economic and social disadvantages affecting East German women are not just related to the economic and political transformation as such. Rather, they are rooted in a traditional gender division of paid work in the former GDR which was reinforced by the paternalistic family and social policy developed by the East German state. At the same time, however, East German women's experiences of being fully integrated into employment, and enjoying greater economic independence, make it unlikely that they will easily accept the West German model of partial labour-market integration.
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Schmidt, Waldemar. « THE RESETTLEMENT POLICY OF GERMANY IN THE COLONIES. THE RESETTLEMENT OF THE BOERS TO EAST AFRICA ». RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations 4, no 2 (2023) : 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2023-4-182-197.

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The proposed article on the history of the Boer resettlement movement to the colonial possessions of Kaiser Germany in East Africa is of undoubted interest, first of all in terms of exposing completely previously unknown archival materials of the Federal Archive of Germany, as well as periodical press materials addressing the issue. The emergence of Boer migration was caused by their defeat in the Anglo–Boer War, which the colonial circles of Germany took advantage of. In addition, the author of the article tried to analyze historical events, as well as the activities of the colonial office of Kaiser Germany and the colonial administration of the East African colonies on the issue of the resettlement of Boers from various regions of South Africa: Natal, Transvaal, as well as Rhodesia and their use primarily for economic purposes to strengthen German colonial rule in East Africa. Archival materials reveal the specifics of the resettlement of migrant Boers to East Africa, the attitude of the colonial circles of Germany and the departmental employees of the colony to that process. The author of the article tried to show the features of Boer resettlement and their involvement in the creation of farms in the northern regions of East Africa. In addition, he considered the Schutze project as a basis for large-scale resettlement of Boers from the South African Boer republics to the colony of Kaiser Germany in East Africa.
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Kotov, Alexander. « CURRENT PROBLEMS OF RAPPROCHEMENT OF THE EAST AND WEST OF GERMANY ». Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 33, no 3 (1 juin 2023) : 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran32023111123.

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The paper describes actual problem of socio-economic inequality between the East and West of Germany. We examine the analysis of sociological differences between parts of the country in terms of the results of German unity policies, the introduction of coronavirus restrictions, technological equipment and economic potential. All those issues are considered with key works of German literature of recent years on understanding the contradiction «East-West». It is determined that the ongoing intellectual attempts have not overcome the split in the country. Additionally, we examine the federal government’s concept of a «new look to the East» was explored. The results show that as an independent region, for which the western part of the country does not serve as an indisputable reference point. Most likely, in fact, this approach has shifted the focus from the traditionally important internal chronic shortages of new lands in economic power, labor, infrastructure and technology. This problem is particularly relevant in connection with the lack of representation of people from East Germany in key positions in many areas of society and politics. This explains why its that these issues will be considered in a special concept of the federal government, adopted at the beginning of 2023. The second part of the state's efforts is related to changes in approaches to the implementation of regional policy in the country and financing of measures to improve the economic structures of the regions. The author concludes that they are synchronized with the tasks of ensuring energy security and accelerating the transformation at oil refineries and ports in eastern Germany after the cessation of oil and gas supplies from Russia. In this regard, we consider that the continuation of the polycrisis in the country makes a decisive contribution to the growing disillusionment of East Germans in politics. On the example of this analyses, we obtained that they do not reject democracy as such, but are much more critical of political actions than the population of the western part of Germany.
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Klodt, Henning. « Industrial Policy and the East German Productivity Puzzle ». German Economic Review 1, no 3 (1 août 2000) : 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00016.

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Abstract Catching-up of East German productivity to West German levels has completely faded out since the mid-1990s. The remaining productivity gap cannot be attributed to an inferior capital endowment or qualification deficiencies of the East German labor force. Instead, it appears to be the result of an inappropriate design of industrial policy which concentrated on the subsidization of physical capital and largely ignored the advance of human capital- and service-intensive industrial structures. East Germany will have to face another wave of painful structural adjustment when capital-intensive industries are no longer protected from competition by public subsidies.
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Damm, Veit. « „Keine Wende“ ? » Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 58, no 2 (27 novembre 2017) : 513–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2017-0019.

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Abstract This article examines financial aid for companies and the guidelines of subsidy policy in East Germany after 1989 in the context of German structural policy in the “Helmut Kohl era” (1982-1998). It comes to the conclusion that – after a short period of fast structural change in East Germany – efforts increased to rescue existing businesses and industrial sites, as well as the jobs they provided after the end of 1992, primarily through the initiative of regional actors. Financial aid for companies – particularly for funding industrial investments in modernisation and new plants – played a key role in the rescuing and restructuring process. At the same time, structural policy gradually converged with the patterns that had been formed during the political management of structural change in the “former” Federal Republic. Only the short period of the postreunification years 1991 and 1992 was characterised by the steering of structural change and the redefinition of East German industry by the markets as well as by a renunciation of subsidies for the preservation of existing jobs. The temporary retreat of the state from structural policy was partly a result of the experience of the 1980s, when structural policy was criticized for slowing down German economic growth and impeding structural change.
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Stahl, Juliane Frederike, et Pia Sophia Schober. « Convergence or Divergence ? Educational Discrepancies in Work-Care Arrangements of Mothers with Young Children in Germany ». Work, Employment and Society 32, no 4 (7 avril 2017) : 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017017692503.

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This study examines how educational differences in work-care patterns among mothers with young children in Germany changed between 1997 and 2013. Since the mid-2000s, Germany has undergone a paradigm shift in parental leave and childcare policies. Our comparative analysis of East and West Germany provides new evidence on whether the long-standing gender regime differences interact with recent developments of social class inequalities in the changing family policy context. The analyses include pooled binary and multinomial logistic regressions based on 17,764 observations of 8604 children below the age of three years from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). The findings point to growing educational divergence in work-care arrangements in East and West Germany: employment and day-care use increased more strongly among families with medium and highly educated mothers compared to those with low education. This has critical implications for the latter’s economic security. The decline in the use of informal childcare options was, however, fairly homogenous.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Germany (East) – Economic policy"

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Forbes, N. « British financial and economic policy towards Germany, 1931-39 ». Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374158.

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Kern, Thorsten. « West Germany and Namibia's path to independence, 1969-1990 : foreign policy and rivalry with East Germany ». Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24509.

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This thesis examines West Germany's relationship with Namibia between 1969 and 1990. It investigates West German foreign policy towards Namibia, at the height of the Namibian liberation struggle, against the backdrop of East and West German rivalry. It brings to light that the post-war division of Germany into two separate states significantly impacted both German states' policies towards Namibia. The Federal Republic of Germany's (FRG) changing approach towards the German Democratic Republic (GDR) is analysed in relation to the Federal Republic's shifting attitude towards the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), Namibia's leading national liberation movement. It shows that the political dynamic that drove the normalisation of relations between East and West Germany played a key role in West Germany's move towards supporting SWAPO in the mid-to-late 1970. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates that the Federal Republic's political landscape was dominated by political division over the issue of SWAPO's role in Namibia's future. This dissertation therefore examines the diverging views among political parties and its wider effects on shaping West Germany's policy towards Namibia. It calls to attention that political discord led to attempts by political factions to influence events in Namibia, independent of the Federal Government, through alternative instruments of foreign policy. Particular attention is also paid to the ideological underpinnings that promoted or hindered interactions and co-operation between East and West Germany in Namibia, on the one hand, and the two German states and SWAPO on the other. It reveals that West Germany's attitude towards SWAPO cannot be separated from the wider realities of the Cold War. In particular, it shows that the normalization of relations between West Germany and SWAPO can only be fully understood against the backdrop of intra-German rivalry.
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Ladpli, Pimpen. « Economic policy and development in south-east Asian economies ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390602.

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Ohinata, Shin. « Issues in economic growth and trade policy in East Asia ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4205/.

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This thesis consists of three studies. The topics discussed are in the area of international trade and economic growth with a reference to the policy issues in East Asia. The study in Chapter 2 presents a model of North-South trade which can explain the observed cross-country variations in factor prices. Intuition and evidence suggest that knowledge is largely non-excludable and hence all countries should have access to broadly similar technology. However, this public-good assumption for technology leads to implausible predictions of factor prices in standard models. The model in this study does not assume any differences in technology but its predictions are consistent with observations. In Chapter 3, the implications of the two vintage models for growth accounting are examined. Growth accounting studies have shown that total factor productivity growth in East Asian economies has been slower than expected. Analysis of the vintages models suggests that this puzzling finding could be due to mismeasurements of capital arising from the particular characteristic of East Asian growth experience. In Chapter 4, it is shown that when asymmetric economies adopt an open regionalism policy, some of them may gain at the expense of others. This result is very different from the commonly held view in the literature. In certain situations, some economies in the bloc achieves a higher welfare level than under global free trade. A policy of open regionalism could therefore turn out to be an obstacle to the process of multilateral trade liberalization.
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Agalewatte, Tikiri Bandara. « Competitive industry policy for economic development in Sri Lanka lessons from East Asia / ». Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050111.134706/index.html.

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Vonyó, Tamás. « Post-war reconstruction and the economic miracle : the dynamics of West German economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669982.

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Donnelly, Saraid L. « "Sell or Slaughter" : The Economic and Social Policies of German Reunification ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/490.

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This paper looks at the struggles faced by German policymakers in the years following reunification. East Germany struggled with an immediate transformation from a planned economy to a social market economy, while West Germany sent billions of Deutsche Marks to its eastern states. Because of the unequal nature of these two countries, policymakers had to decide on what they would place more emphasis: social benefits for the East or economic protection for the West. The West German state-level, Federal Government and the East German governments struggled in finding multilaterally beneficial policies. This paper looks at the four key issues of reunification: currency conversion, transfer payments, re-privatization, and unemployment. In following the German Basic Law, the policies pursued in terms of these issues tended to place more emphasis on eastern social benefits.
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Thomson, Neil. « Barriers to change and integration in foreign M and As within East Germany : a qualitative study ». Thesis, City University London, 1998. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7562/.

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Many domestic take-overs and mergers are not successful, over half fail. Crossborder M&As are even more fraught with problems due to differing national cultures exasperating different organisational cultures. International M&As in rapidly transforming East Germany offer attractive possibilities for research as change in the firm, and resistance to it, takes place against a backdrop of external, revolutionary societal change as well as internal, national and organisational clashes. The research followed a grounded theory, qualitative methods approach embedded in the overarching strategic management theoretical framework of the Resource Based View of the Firm. Through a series of case interviews with East German managers and employees in six foreign acquired M&As split off from old combines, together with employees released after take-over, the type of acculturation and perceived level of integration was examined. A model was developed to measure post acquisition integration problems signalled by acculturative stress. By highlighting using two of the case studies as a contrast, acculturative stress was seen to make a significant contribution to causes of failure. On the other hand, further development of the model showed successful integration as having implications as a stepping stone to two-way learning and onwards to long term success. The research's claims to contribution can be synthesisedd own to three areas. Firstly, the importance of the group in East Germany has been overlooked and its continued existence in the face of pressures for more individualisation has important implications for motivation, incentives, change and learning. Secondly, the choice of top managers and their relationship to the firm (co-ownership or not) is crucial in reducing acculturative stress and achieving integration and two-way learning. Finally, the acquired human resources, due to their knowledge, knowledge potential through unlearning, shared experiencesa nd languagea re a potential route to competitive advantage. The areas of contribution form the basis for speculation and future research.
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Burger, Csaba. « Occupational pensions in Germany : an economic geography ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:94e64b94-3bf7-4fb6-b8f5-102a472f4be7.

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By the end of the twentieth century, the generous German public pay-as-you-go pension system had been struggling with a serious deficit due to the country’s ageing population. In 2001, the German government enacted the “Riester” pension reform, named after Mr. Walter Riester, the Labour Minister brokering it, which reduced the level of publicly provided pensions, and strengthened the funded occupational and private pillars in order to replace the loss in retirement income. This thesis investigates the role and structure of occupational pensions during the Riester-reform and in its aftermath, using an economic geography perspective. In doing so, it discusses the role of trade unions and employer associations (social partners) in moulding the structure of the occupational system, and investigates the geography of occupational pensions both at employer and at employee level. Empirically, the thesis is based on an in-depth interview with Mr. Walter Riester, and a unique, proprietary data-set of a German occupational pension provider, containing information on 332 thousand employees and over 12 thousand employers. The results show that the internal division of social partners played a critical role in leaving occupational pensions voluntary, but they have been successful in setting standards on the occupational pension market by means of collective bargaining. Employers and employees show systematic spatiotemporal patterns in their pension-related decisions, confirming the importance of local relationships and local contexts in implementing social partners’ measures and in the transformation of the welfare state. It is finally pointed out that the Riester-reform was a part of a gradual transition, which has been reducing employers’ autonomy in order to reinforce the social role of occupational pensions. To achieve that and to catalyse the reform process, employers’ and employees’ risk exposure has been mitigated in the hope that old-age poverty can be avoided.
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Leung, Kar-foo Leeds. « Shenzhen : the showcase of China's open policy / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17982352.

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Livres sur le sujet "Germany (East) – Economic policy"

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Bofinger, Peter. Some lessons from economic transformation in East Germany. London : Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1992.

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Ian, Jeffries, et Melzer Manfred, dir. The East German economy. London : Croom Helm, 1987.

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Hallett, Andrew Hughes. East Germany, West Germany, and theirMezzogiorno problem : An empirical investigation. London : Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1992.

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Fels, Gerhard. The economic transformation of East Germany : Some preliminary lessons. Washington, DC : Group of Thirty, 1991.

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Fels, Gerhard. The economic transformation of East Germany : Some preliminary lessons. New York : Group of Thirty, 1991.

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Childs, David. East Germany to the 1990s : Can it resist glasnost ? London : Economic Intelligence Unit, 1987.

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Jens, Hölscher, et Hochberg Anja, dir. East Germany's economic development since unification : Domestic and global aspects. Houndmills, Basingstoke : St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Helmut, Wiesenthal, dir. The grand experiment : Debating shock therapy, transition theory, and the East German experience. Boulder, Colo : Westview Press, 1997.

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Spangenberg, Sabine. The institutionalised transformation of the East German economy. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag, 1998.

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W, Black Stanley, et American Institute for Contemporary German Studies., dir. Europe's economy looks East : Implications for Germany and the European Union. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Germany (East) – Economic policy"

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Megas, Achilleas. « The Politics of Economy ». Dans Soviet Foreign Policy Towards East Germany, 17–33. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20001-9_2.

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Hüther, Michael. « Economic Policy for the New German Länder : Supply-Side Economics Needed ». Dans East Germany’s Economic Development since Unification, 37–49. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14705-2_3.

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Moebius, Stephan. « Sociology in Germany After 1990 ». Dans Sociology in Germany, 141–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71866-4_6.

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AbstractWhile far-reaching intellectual influences changed the face of sociology in the 1980s, the development of sociology in the 1990s was first and foremost shaped by a concrete social and political transformation, the fall of the Berlin Wall. Soon after the German reunification, East German sociology almost entirely disappeared and West German sociology extended to the East. The triumph of capitalist society fostered a brief comeback of modernization theory. As the system change came along with severe social problems, theories and research projects focusing on social exclusion, precarious work, and xenophobia moved to the center stage of sociological thinking. The first decade of this century again brought about major changes for society and sociology. Market logic increasingly dominated social and education policy; economic thinking and its involvement in political affairs was on the rise and may have contributed to a marginalization of the influence of sociology on policy making. Characteristic is a further specialization and differentiation, visible through the multiplication of special sociologies. The landscape of sociological theory in Germany continued to change: Earlier, grand theories were dominant, whereas nowadays a trend toward sociological diagnoses of contemporary society can be observed. Overall, contemporary sociology in Germany can be characterized by the following features: (1) historically and philosophically informed sociological theory has always been and still is important, (2) German sociology lacks self-confidence compared to US-American sociology, (3) German sociology has a critical attitude and a strong tradition of public sociology, (4) self-critical debates and internal controversies have always existed and still persist in the field of German sociology. Most recently, this could be observed in the splitting off of the Academy of Sociology from the German Sociological Association and the accompanying debates.
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Guzowski, Piotr. « Eastward Migration in European History : The Interplay of Economic and Environmental Opportunities ». Dans Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 325–32. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_21.

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AbstractDuring the preindustrial era one of the major migration waves headed eastward to Eastern Europe, where scores of migrants, in their pursuit of happiness, hoped to fulfil their dreams, have their own farm or set up a company, achieve a higher social status, and benefit from religious freedom and tolerance. The first wave of migration was connected with German colonization and the establishment of settlements following the German law. The alluringly large expanses of “pristine” land, together with tax privileges and the prospects of relative autonomy, attracted scores of bold, enterprising and hard-working settlers to relocate to the East. Most of them were peasants and townsfolk from the German states and the Netherlands, but there were also Jews escaping discrimination in Western Europe as well as West-European Protestants and Catholics attracted by religious tolerance in the East. Prospects of freedom and economic success encouraged them all to choose Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as their second homeland.
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Walerski, Konrad. « From East to West. Modernization in the Western and Northern Territories of Poland (1944–1989) ». Dans Roadblocks to the Socialist Modernization Path and Transition, 33–62. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37050-2_2.

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AbstractAt the end of World War II (1943–1945), the Soviet Union appropriated the eastern parts of Poland, while part of Germany was incorporated into the remaining Polish territory. This was a revolutionary transformation. The German population of Silesia, Pomerania, and Eastern Prussia was replaced by Poles mainly from the Polish eastern territories. This initiated a process of organizing a new social and economic reality in a socialist way: settlement, reconstruction of towns and villages, industry, administration, education, and encounters of different social groups, regional cultures, and mentalities. Till the end of the 1970s, these regions were seen by Polish sociologists as social laboratory in which the process of “Soviet-inspired modernization” took place at high speed.
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Kamosiński, Sławomir. « The Communist New Man Versus the Bourgeois Individual : Family Enterprise in Poland and East Germany ». Dans Roadblocks to the Socialist Modernization Path and Transition, 173–96. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37050-2_7.

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AbstractThe operation in the Polish People’s Republic and the German Democratic Republic of the non-socialized sector of the economy (the individual sector), in particular the limited number of family firms, was a remarkable phenomenon in the centrally planned economic system that prioritized socialized (‘nationalized’) ownership. The stability of legal rights to own and freely use property is of key importance for the everyday operation of small family firms. Sometimes referred to as ‘business marathon runners’, family firms are organizations of long duration. They draw on past experience and form their individual ritual of cooperation with those around them, based on tradition, ethics, and the so-called ‘principles of the founder’. This chapter aims to explain the mechanisms that allowed the foundation of family businesses in an economic system that was based mainly on nationalized ownership of the means of production accompanied by central planning and administratively determined prices.
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Minenna, Marcello. « Germany ». Dans G20 Economic Policy, 63–66. London : Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003499039-5.

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Halevi, Joseph. « The Accumulation Process in Japan and East Asia as Compared with the Role of Germany in European Post-war Growth ». Dans Post-Keynesian Essays from Down Under Volume II : Essays on Policy and Applied Economics, 355–67. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137475350_27.

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Aydin, Seda, et Eva Østergaard-Nielsen. « Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Turkish Citizens Abroad ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 401–18. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_25.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we examine diaspora policies and social protection in Turkey, an EU candidate country with a significantly large emigrant population in the EU. Turkey’s diaspora engagement has taken various forms in line with the domestic and international developments over the decades. From the early 2000s, the Turkish state has adopted an active approach to diaspora policies, in accordance with its assertive neo-Ottomanist foreign policy (Aydin Y, The new Turkish diaspora policy: its aims, their limits and the challenges for associations of people of Turkish origin and decision-makers in Germany (working paper). Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik-SWP-Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Berlin, 2014; Mencutek ZS, Baser B, J Balkan Near East Stud 20:86–105, 2018). In this period, the Turkish Government has depicted the Turkish diaspora both as a political and economic resource in the transnational policy-making and lobbying procedures, and as a population that needs protection and guidance vis-à-vis host country authorities (Mencutek ZS, Baser B, J Balkan Near East Stud 20:86–105, 2018). This chapter demonstrates that this two-dimensional approach has also been influential in social protection policies addressing Turks abroad. Turkish authorities mostly aim to assist migrants with navigating the welfare system in the receiving countries. This approach is complemented by a strategy of fortifying transnational economic, political and cultural ties with Turks abroad as part of public diplomacy and the attainment of soft power goals. With elements such as child benefits, expansion of the related attaché offices, and educational services for children, family-related benefits constitute the most accentuated social protection policies adopted by the Turkish state. The significance of family in Turkish diaspora social protection policies fits well with the Government’s emphasis on family values as an intrinsic part of its conservative policies.
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Boomgaard, Peter. « Changing Economic Policy ». Dans South East Asia, 77–94. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101680-12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Germany (East) – Economic policy"

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Densmaa, Oyuntsetseg, Gerelchimeg Kaliinaa, Norovsuren Nanzad et Tsogzolboo Otgonbayar. « MONGOLIA’S “THIRD NEIGHBOR POLICY” ». Dans Proceedings of the XXV International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25012021/7365.

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Geographically Mongolia has two neighbors. Mongolia’s existence today depends largely on mutually friendly relationships with two big neighbors. The main pillars of Mongolia’s new international strategy were incorporated in Mongolia’s National Security Concept adopted on June 30, 1994. This document, approved by the Mongolian Parliament, emphasizes a balanced policy towards the country’s two giant neighbors, underlines the importance of economic security in protecting Mongolia’s national integrity, and warns about too much dependence on any one country for trade. In today’s world of globalization and interdependence, Mongolia has to engage with other countries beyond these two neighbors, Russia and China. This is fundamental thing of the Mongolia’s searching third neighbor. Mongolia needs more friends to ensure its national security interests and achieve economic prosperity its ‘Third Neighbor Policy’1 is a policy of extending its friends all around the world. Two immediate neighbors of Mongolia, Russia and China, remain the foreign policy priority and this priority is not contradictory to the policy of having more friends. Mongolia is becoming an arena of clashes of economic interests of developed countries, multinational corporations due its rich mining deposits. Mongolia's Third Neighbor Policy is aimed to leverage the influence of neighboring countries in the national security issues of Mongolia. In contrast with other satellite states of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia concurrently instituted a democratic political system, a market-driven economy, and a foreign policy based on balancing relations with Russia and China while expanding relations with the West and East. Mongolia is now pursuing a foreign policy that will facilitate global engagement, allow the nation to maintain its sovereignty, and provide diplomatic freedom of maneuver through a “third neighbor” policy. 2 This policy is very much alive today but there is no reason to claim that its implementation is satisfactory. Mongolia has major investors from the US, Japan, Germany and France from the EU, for example. There are many universal conventions related to landlocked country. For Mongolia, access to sea via our two neighbors, means promoting economic ties with the third neighbors, as an important factor conducive to reinforcing the material foundations of Mongolia’s third neighbor policy.
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Barinova, A. D., M. A. Barinov et S. A. Nikonorova. « Regional Economic Policy Diagnosis Taking Into Account Productive Components ». Dans International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.357.

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Minakova, I. V., T. N. Bukreeva, E. I. Bykovskaya, O. G. Timofeeva et O. I. Solodukhina. « Anti-Inflationary Policy in Russia : From Inflation Targeting to Economic Growth ». Dans International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.138.

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Zadorozhneva, I. V. « Labour Market and Socio-Economic Policy : Features of Mutual Influence ». Dans Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iscfec-18.2019.299.

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Ji, Xiang, Sihan Niu et Peiwei Yan. « A Study on the Reasons for the Rise of Right-Wing Forces in East Part of Germany After the Reunification of Germany Since 1989 ». Dans 2022 7th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2022). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220405.253.

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Mironova, M., et Potapenko. « Management of Free Economic Zones at Different Stages of China’s Open Door Policy ». Dans International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.050.

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Wajeetongratana, P. « National Well-Being as an Element of Fiscal Policy Aimed at Economic Growth Acceleration ». Dans International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.028.

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Gulidov, R. V. « PUBLIC POLICY TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST : NEW APPROACHS ». Dans SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EAST : NEW CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES. Khabarovsk : KSUEL Editorial and Publishing Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0746-2-2021-32-45.

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The report tells about the new initiatives being developed by the Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and the Arctic on the basis of project management principles. Two of those project initiatives are described in detail - Far Eastern Concession and Far Eastern Quarters, – their constraints are noted and additional measures are discussed to address development concerns within the target field of the indicated project initiatives. At the end of the report, a proposal is made on the need to scale up existing mechanisms for involving local communities in the development of territories. Regional development funds are proposed as the main instrument to do so.
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Chen, Yan, Wei Zhou et Man Liu. « The Impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty on China’s Stock Market ». Dans 4th International Symposium on Business Corporation and Development in South-East and South Asia under B&R Initiative (ISBCD 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200708.073.

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Sergienko, E. E. « INFLUENCE OF STATE POLICY ON FORMATION OF RATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SMALL BUSINESSES ». Dans SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EAST : NEW CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES. Khabarovsk : KSUEL Editorial and Publishing Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0746-2-2021-216-222.

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The article discusses the experience of stimulating small business in foreign countries and the Russian Federation and the state of small business in these countries. Two groups of countries with different approaches to stimulating small business have been identified. The impact of crises on the size structure of small business has been analyzed, including the impact of the crisis caused by the 2020 pandemic and the government support measures taken in this regard.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Germany (East) – Economic policy"

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Arzheimer, Kai. To Russia with love ? German populist actors’ positions vis-a-vis the Kremlin. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), mars 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0020.

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Russia’s attack on Ukraine and its many international and national repercussions have helped to revive the fortunes of Germany’s main radical right-wing populist party, the “Alternative for Germany” (AfD). Worries about the threats posed to Germany’s traditional export-led industries by spiking energy prices, the country’s historical anxieties over becoming involved in armed conflict in Europe, and hundreds of thousands of refugees arriving in Germany seem to have contributed to a modest rise in the AfD’s poll numbers after a long period of stagnation. However, the situation is more complicated for the AfD than it would appear at first glance. While many party leaders and the rank-and-file have long held sympathies for Putin (and for Russia more generally), support for Ukraine among the German public remains strong, even if there is some disagreement about the appropriate means and the acceptable costs. At least some AfD voters are appalled by the levels of Russian violence against civilians. Like on many other issues, there is also a gap in opinion between Germany’s formerly communist federal states in the east and the western part of the country. The AfD’s leadership has responded by blaming the government and unspecified external actors for the economic crisis, calling for a “diplomatic solution,” and demanding a “return to normal.” While this policy has helped to keep the AfD’s base mobilized, the stated approach is scarcely feasible and has not led to a surge in support for the party among the general population.
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Cavaille, Charlotte, Federica Liberini, Michela Redoano, Anandi Mani, Vera E. Troeger, Helen Miller, Ioana Marinescu et al. Which Way Now ? Economic Policy after a Decade of Upheaval : A CAGE Policy Report. Sous la direction de Vera E. Troeger. The Social Market Foundation, février 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-41-5.

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Most, if not all advanced economies have suffered gravely from the 2008 global financial crisis. Growth, productivity, real income and consumption have plunged and inequality, and in some cases poverty, spiked. Some countries, like Germany and Australia, were better able to cope with the consequences but austerity has taken its toll even on the strongest economies. The UK is no exception and the more recent period of economic recovery might be halted or even reversed by the political, economic, and policy uncertainty created by the Brexit referendum. This uncertainty related risk to growth could be even greater if the UK leaves the economic and legal framework provided by the EU. This CAGE policy report offers proposals from different perspectives to answer the overarching question: What is the role of a government in a modern economy after the global financial crisis and the Brexit vote? We report on economic and social challenges in the UK and discuss potential policy responses for the government to consider. Foreword by: Lord O’Donnell of Clapham.
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Engelhardt, Henriette, Heike Trappe et Jaap Dronkers. Differences in family policy and the intergenerational transmission of divorce : a comparison between the former East and West Germany. Rostock : Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, février 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2002-008.

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Headey, Derek D., Olivier Ecker, Andrew R. Comstock et Marie T. Ruel. Understanding the demand for “protective foods” in East Africa : An economic analysis with policy recommendations. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134487.

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Azqueta-Gavaldón, Andrés, Marina Diakonova, Corinna Ghirelli et Javier J. Pérez. Sources of economic policy uncertainty in the euro area : a ready-to-use database. Madrid : Banco de España, août 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/33155.

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In this paper, we build a publicly-available database of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indicators based on the methodology proposed by Azqueta-Gavaldón, Hirschbühl, Onorante and Saiz (2023), which uses topic modelling techniques to identify distinct components of EPU. This database is regularly updated and can be accessed on the Banco de España’s website. Currently, the dataset covers the four largest countries in the euro area, namely Spain, Italy, France, and Germany. Our data coverage is continually expanding to include more euro area countries. Additionally, we compute the aggregated EPU indexes for the euro area. This comprehensive dataset and the resulting euro area indexes provide valuable tools for researchers, policymakers and analysts to assess and monitor the dynamics of economic policy uncertainty in real time.
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Willführ, Kai P., et Charlotte Störmer. Reproductive behavior of landless agricultural workers, small farmers, and the economic elite in the historical Krummhörn region [East Frisia, Germany, 1720-1870]. Rostock : Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, août 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2013-011.

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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.

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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries
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Staking, Kim B., et Antonio Vives. Financial Intermediation and Policy-Based Lending : Policy Recommendations for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, juin 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011607.

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This paper discusses the conditions under which policy-based lending may further economic development within a Latin American and Caribbean context, given the current state of financial markets in most countries of the region. The discussion is intended as a conclusion to the articles presented at the Conference on Policy Based Finance and Alternatives for Financial Market Development, many of which are included in this book. In some degree, this chapter is an attempt at a compromise; a position that does not recommend a formal adoption of policy based finance as it exists in East Asia, but rather proposes the incorporation of the universal lessons from the East Asian experience into the more market-based reforms currently under way in Latin America and the Caribbean. While the discussion in most of this book is centered on credit programs, the conclusions are equally valid for other varieties of government interventions in financial markets. This article was originally published in the book Policy-Based and Market Alternatives: East Asian Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean in June 1997, by the Inter-American Development Bank.
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Rhein, Matthias. Industrial Oil Palm Development : Liberia’s Path to Sustained Economic Development and Shared Prosperity ? Lessons from the East. Rights and Resources Initiative, février 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/alty1743.

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The purpose of this paper is to contribute to Liberia’s debate on economic policy, specifically, recent efforts around industrial-scale palm oil development against the context of the wider role of the rural sector in economic development.
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Werny, Rafaela, Marie Reich, Miranda Leontowitsch et Frank Oswald. EQualCare Policy Report Germany : Alone but connected ? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone. Frankfurter Forum für interdisziplinäre Alternsforschung, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.69905.

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The policy review is part of the project EQualCare: Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone, a three-year international project involving four countries: Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. EQualCare interrogates inequalities by gender, cultural and socio-economic background between countries, with their different demographics and policy backgrounds. As a first step into empirical analysis, the policy review aims to set the stage for a better understanding of, and policy development on, the intersections of digitalisation with intergenerational care work and care relationships of older people living alone in Germany. The policy review follows a critical approach, in which the problems policy documents address are not considered objective entities, but rather discursively produced knowledge that renders visible some parts of the problem which is to be solved as other possible perspectives are simultaneously excluded. Twenty publicly available documents were studied to analyse the processes in which definitions of care work and digital (in)equalities are circulated, translated and negotiated between the different levels of national government, regional governments and municipalities as well as other agencies in Germany. The policy review consists of two parts: a background chapter providing information on the social structure of Germany, including the historical development of Germany after the Second World War, its political structure, information on the demographic situation with a focus on the 60+ age group, and the income of this age group. In addition, the background presents the structure of work and welfare, the organisation of care for old people, and the state of digitalisation in Germany. The analysis chapter includes a description of the method used as well as an overview of the documents chosen and analysed. The focus of this chapter is on the analysis of official documents that deal with the interplay of living alone in old age, care, and digitalisation. The analysis identified four themes: firstly, ageing is framed largely as a challenge to society, whereas digitalisation is framed as a potential way to tackle social challenges, such as an ageing society. Secondly, challenges of ageing, such as need of care, are set at the individual level, requiring people to organise their care within their own families and immediate social networks, with state support following a principle of subsidiarity. Thirdly, voluntary peer support provides the basis for addressing digital support needs and strategies. Publications by lobby organisations highlight the important work done by voluntary peer support for digital training and the benefits this approach has; they also draw attention to the over-reliance on this form of unpaid support and call for an increase in professional support in ensuring all older people are supported in digital life. Fourthly, ageing as a hinderance to participation in digital life is seen as an interim challenge among younger old people already online.
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