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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Germany – Colonies – Africa, East »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Germany – Colonies – Africa, East"

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Callahan, Michael D. « NOMANSLAND : The British Colonial Office and the League of Nations Mandate for German East Africa, 1916–1920 ». Albion 25, no 3 (1993) : 443–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050877.

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One of the many problems facing the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 was the future of the conquered German and Turkish territories in Africa, the Pacific, and the Middle East. Widespread anti-imperialist sentiment in Europe and the United States opposed direct annexation of the possessions, but wartime agreements and the security interests of the Allies prevented returning the conquered areas to their former rulers. In particular, many British leaders wanted to ensure that Germany could never again attempt world domination and were convinced that the restoration to Germany of its overseas possessions would pose a “grave political and military menace” to Britain's vital maritime connections with South Africa and India. After a long, often acrimonious debate, the Conference agreed on a compromise that placed the former German colonies and Ottoman provinces under the supervision of the League of Nations. This solution gave the Allies control of their acquisitions as “mandates” within a framework of international accountability. Great Britain received the most mandates, including Germany's largest colony of German East Africa. For the British leaders who had always advocated transforming German East Africa into a British colony, the new system seemed to make little practical difference. For the colonial officials in London and at the highest levels of colonial administration within the conquered possession, however, the mandates system presented serious problems and was not simply a disguise for annexation.
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Lindner, Ulrike. « The transfer of European social policy concepts to tropical Africa, 1900–50 : the example of maternal and child welfare ». Journal of Global History 9, no 2 (23 mai 2014) : 208–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022814000047.

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AbstractConcerns about a sinking birth rate and possible ‘national degeneration’ led to the implementation of various measures in maternal and child welfare across Europe at the dawn of the twentieth century. Infant health was strongly connected with the idea of population as both a national and imperial resource. In the colonies of the imperial powers, similar issues started to be addressed later, mostly after the First World War, when colonial administrations, who until then had predominantly worried about the health of the white European colonizers, started to take an interest in the health of the indigenous population. This article investigates the transfer of maternal and infant health policies from Britain and Germany to their tropical African colonies and protectorates. It argues that colonial health policy developed in a complex interplay between imperial strategies and preconceptions as well as local reactions and demands, mostly reifying racial demarcation lines in colonial societies. It focuses on examples from German East Africa, which became the British Tanganyika mandate after the First World War, and from the British sub-Saharan colonies Kenya and Nigeria.
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Sunseri, Thaddeus. « The Moravian, Berlin, and Leipzig Mission Archives in Eastern Germany ». History in Africa 26 (janvier 1999) : 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172152.

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The reunification of the Germanies in 1990 has opened up research opportunities for historians of Africa. While research in East German archives was possible for Western scholars during the Cold War, conditions for research were not as easy or affordable as they currently are. Intent on obtaining foreign exchange, East German authorities channeled Western researchers to expensive hotels and limited the number of files a researcher could see in a day in order to prolong the process. Visas had to be obtained well in advance of research trips, and for prescribed durations, curtailing the flexibility one needed if archival materials proved to be especially rich. From the Western side, while the Federal Republic was generous in allocating funds for research in its archives (particularly through DAAD—German Academic Exchange Service—research grants), it prohibited use of those funds for research undertaken in East Germany. Today it is possible to use DAAD funds for travel and research throughout reunited Germany.While federal and state archives in eastern Germany offer valuable resources for researchers interested in the former German colonies, mission archives located in the East have not been widely used by historians of Africa. For the most part these have been content to use published mission histories and newspapers as their sources of information, neglecting diaries, station reports, and correspondence which offer more nuanced and detailed pictures of African life.
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Naranch, Bradley D. « “Colonized Body,” “Oriental Machine” : Debating Race, Railroads, and the Politics of Reconstruction in Germany and East Africa, 1906–1910 ». Central European History 33, no 3 (septembre 2000) : 299–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916100746356.

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The years 1906–1910 were a period of crisis and unstable consensus in German colonial history. In contrast to the debates of the previous two decades following Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's 1884 decision to establish overseas protectorates, colonial discourse in Germany after 1905 shifted decisively away from abstract considerations of the desirability of colonies for economic and imperialist expansion to focus on the more practical matters of colonial policy and long-term developmental reform. Indeed, given the fact that by 1905 the German colonial empire covered a sprawling expanse of land six times the size of the German state, including territories in Africa, the South Pacific, and a naval base (Tsingtao) on the coast of China, the enormous challenges of managing its far-flung and costly possessions were becoming increasingly difficult to meet. For better or for worse, the Kaiserreich had become a de facto colonial power, and German society was increasingly and uncomfortably being forced to recognize the hazards and burdens of its fledgling global empire.
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SÁNCHEZ, J. M., A. MUNOZ DEL VIEJO, C. CORBACHO, E. COSTILLO et C. FUENTES. « Status and trends of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in Europe and Africa ». Bird Conservation International 14, no 4 (25 novembre 2004) : 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090400036x.

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Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica is classed as Endangered in Europe (Tucker and Heath 1994, Hagemeijer and Blair, 1997), but there have been no detailed studies of the trends in the different populations occurring in Europe and Africa. Here we study the status and trends of the species in Europe and north and north-east Africa. We estimate the total population at 10,500–12,900 breeding pairs, and recognize two biogeographical populations in this region. The western population, comprising colonies in northern Europe (Denmark, Netherlands, Germany), France, Italy, Spain, and north and north-east Africa, consists of at most 6,200 pairs, 1,800 of which are in African colonies. The eastern population, comprising colonies in the Balkan Peninsula, Greece, shores of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, and Turkey, consists of at most 6,800 pairs. Two trends were observed: a first phase from 1900 up to the mid-1970s in which the northern European populations practically disappeared; and a second phase of stabilization, or even increase, in some of the western colonies, while the eastern population continued to decline. There is a marked concentration of the species in just a few localities in the countries of the Mediterranean basin.
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Karugila, J. M. « German records in Tanzania ». African Research & ; Documentation 50 (1989) : 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00010189.

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German East Africa the largest of the former German colonies had a rather interesting history of care, control and preservation of public records. The aim of this paper is firstly to trace in brief the history of German colonisation in East Africa, as a background to a better understanding of the registry practices and records keeping procedures of the government of German East Africa. Secondly, the paper is intended to relate what has happened to the records of the German era after the colony became a mandate under the British Administration and after the attainment of independence.Germany's efforts to found colonies in East Africa can be traced as far back as 1884. In September of that year, Dr. Carl Peters, one of the founders of the German Colonization Society (Gesellschaft fuer deutsche Kolonisation) and his friends, set out on a voyage to East Africa to look for colonies.
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Karugila, J. M. « German records in Tanzania ». African Research & ; Documentation 50 (1989) : 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00010189.

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German East Africa the largest of the former German colonies had a rather interesting history of care, control and preservation of public records. The aim of this paper is firstly to trace in brief the history of German colonisation in East Africa, as a background to a better understanding of the registry practices and records keeping procedures of the government of German East Africa. Secondly, the paper is intended to relate what has happened to the records of the German era after the colony became a mandate under the British Administration and after the attainment of independence.Germany's efforts to found colonies in East Africa can be traced as far back as 1884. In September of that year, Dr. Carl Peters, one of the founders of the German Colonization Society (Gesellschaft fuer deutsche Kolonisation) and his friends, set out on a voyage to East Africa to look for colonies.
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Hyslop, Jonathan. « The Kaiser's lost African empire and the Alternative für Deutschland : Colonial guilt-denial and authoritarian populism in Germany ». Historia 66, no 2 (1 novembre 2021) : 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v66n2a5.

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This article examines the role which the "imaginary" of the empire that Germany lost in 1919 plays in the contemporary German extreme right, and especially its leading expression, the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). It focuses on the symbolic importance of the former colonies in South West Africa / Namibia and East Africa / Tanzania and of the less emotionally charged, although also significant, German 'informal empire' connections to South Africa. The article highlights that the AfD draws on a considerable legacy of political activism concerning Africa stretching back through the colonial revanchist nationalism of the Weimar era, the global network of the Nazi Party's "Foreign Organisation", and the post-war populism of Franz Josef Strauß. AfD ideologues glorify the achievements of the Kaiserreich, and emphasise that Germany has nothing to be ashamed of, in relation to its record in the colonial era. With the recent demands from Namibia for the payment of German reparations for the 1904-7 genocide in that country, this past has become a very live issue in German politics, and the AfD has made much of its opposition to any admission of German culpability. The article also shows how the AfD portrays itself as the defender of the German minority in Namibia and of white South Africans, whose position is represented as a warning of what happens when white people allow racial "others" to attain political power. The analysis seeks to avoid simple "culturalist" /historicist explanations of the presence of these issues in contemporary politics, embedding its account in the continuities of significant social, economic and strategic relationships between southern Africa and Germany.
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Büttner, Thea. « The Development of African Historical Studies in East Germany ; An Outline And Selected Bibliography ». History in Africa 19 (1992) : 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171997.

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My main concern in this paper is to throw some light on the scope of the problem from the view of the development of African historical studies in East Germany after World War II. It is necessary first to discuss some negative and positive sides of German historical African studies before 1945. For several decades German research has demonstrated a startling lack of interest in the research problems of African history. In connection with the colonial conquests of the European powers, special institutes grew in social anthropology, colonial economics, and geography, although the historical development of the peoples of Africa was ignored. As an outward appearance of this development there grew in several German universities, departments for Oriental languages e.g., at the University of Berlin on the direct instruction of Bismarck, and in 1908 the Colonial Institute at Hamburg University.Leading German historians and Africanists of the past demonstrated their theoretical ignorance in relation to African history. They proceeded from the definition of Leopold von Ranke, who classed the African peoples with the “non-history possessing” peoples who have made no contribution to world culture. G. W. F. Hegel uttered only fatalistic and stereotyped ideas—for him Africa was “no historical part of the World, it has no movement or development to exhibit.” These fundamental conceptions penetrated in one degree or another, the majority of publications on Africa up to 1945. Even Dietrich Westerman, one of the best known Africanists, who published one major book on African history in the German language, Geschichte Afrikas, in 1952 made his studies in the old tradition of seeing sub-Saharan Africa predominantly from the European point of view and continuing the image of an African peoples' history that was not accomplished by the world moulding civilized mankind and has not contributed its share to it. In short, the theoretical foundation of colonialism was rooted in German research in a deep racialist ideology. Only a few explorers and scientists swam against the tide.
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Sunseri, Thaddeus. « The Baumwollfrage : Cotton Colonialism in German East Africa ». Central European History 34, no 1 (mars 2001) : 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916101750149121.

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In March 1907, as newly-appointed Colonial Minister Bernhard Dernburg prepared to visit German East Africa to assess the colony's potential for economic development following the recent Maji Maji rebellion, requests poured in from businessmen seeking to accompany the minister. Prominent among the select few allowed on the trip were representatives of the German textile industry interested in founding cotton plantations in the colony. Among those participants was Gustav Hertle, director of the Leipzig Cotton Spinnery, the largest cotton spinner in Germany, who had long expressed interest in colonial cotton production. Following the trip the Leipzig Spinnery went on to acquire land in German East Africa, where it founded one of the biggest cotton plantations in the colony. Other textile industrialists who accompanied Dernburg also established cotton plantations in East Africa.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Germany – Colonies – Africa, East"

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Unangst, Matthew David. « Building the Colonial Border Imaginary : German Colonialism, Race, and Space in East Africa, 1884-1895 ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/365905.

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History
Ph.D.
The dissertation explores the intellectual history of the interconnection of European and African ideas about race and space in 19th-century European imperialism. I examine German colonial geographies of East Africa, meaning not only cartography, but the new discipline of human geography, which studies the relationship between people and their environment. Germans and East Africans together produced a hybrid geography that combined precolonial conceptions of race and space and race from both Europe and Africa, and race explicitly entered German governance for the first time. By analyzing changes in how both Germans and East Africans imagined geographical relationships, I argue, we can better understand the ways in which they developed new conceptions of themselves and the world at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. The project traces the history of German racial thinking to a specific, earlier colonial context than other scholars have argued. It also brings a spatial dimension to studies of the colonial state in Africa in order to understand the ways in which spaces have become imbued with racial and ethnic meaning over the last century and a half.
Temple University--Theses
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Pizzo, David Browning Christopher R. « To devour the land of Mkwawa colonial violence and the German-Hehe War in East Africa, c.1884-1914 / ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1645.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.
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Von, Herff Michael. « "They walk through the fire like the blondest German" : African soldiers serving the Kaiser in German East Africa (1888-1914) ». Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60565.

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The maintenance of German colonial rule in East Africa depended on a strong military presence. The Kaiserliche Schutztruppe fur Deutsch Ostafrika was established to meet this need, but financial and political constraints dictated that this force be manned by an African rank and file. Initially, most of the African recruits came from outside of the colony, but, as time passed, the Germans began recruiting from a few specific ethnic groups in the colony.
The relationship between the African soldiers and their German employers yielded military successes for the new colonial government and, by extension, an enhanced status for the soldiers themselves. Over time, the Africans within the Schutztruppe distanced themselves from other Africans in the colony and began to develop separate communities at the government stations, which in turn fostered the growth of an askari group identity. The interests of these communities became inextricably linked to the German presence in the region. The development of this relationship helps to explain the askaris' support of the German campaign against the British during the First World War.
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Nasar, Saima. « Subjects, citizens and refugees : the making and re-making of Britain's East African Asians ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6685/.

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Considerable historical attention has been paid to the end of Empire in Britain’s East African colonies and the consequences of this for postcolonial states. The forced migration of minority South Asian populations from the new nation-states of East Africa has received considerably less attention. South Asians remain at the margins of African and British national histories, constructed variously as either fringe opponents of anti-colonial nationalist movements or marginalised minorities. Yet re-assessing the history of these ‘refugee’ communities has the potential to enhance scholarly understanding of both colonial and postcolonial power relations and migrant-refugee identity formulation and re-formulation. Moreover, studies of migrant communities in Britain have tended to treat South Asians as a homogenous group, paying relatively little attention to the specific identity trajectories of those who were expelled from the new nation-states of East Africa. In contrast, this research takes as its starting point the transnational experiences of East African Asians as multiple migrants, exploring the reformulation of political and cultural identities during the course of their expulsion, migration and resettlement in and between postcolonial states.
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Wimmelbücker, Ludger. « Der Bericht des Mzee bin Ramadhani über den Maji-Maji-Krieg im Bezirk Songea ». Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91287.

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There is a wide range of contemporary publications dealing with Maji Mai War in German East Africa (1905-1907) during which mor than 100000 people lost their lives as a consequence of brutal fighting, deliberate destruction and famine. Only three of these publications were written by Africans. The Swahili text reprinted here attests the view of Mzee bin Ramadhani, the headman (liwali) of Songea town, after colonial military had gained the upper hand in June 1906. It contains polemic statements against leaders and supporters of the Maji Maji movement and depicts aspects of mutual support of colonial officers and Swahili residents from a local perspective. His article as a whole presents the colonial regime as a non-interfering and supportive factor in regard to the Swahili Diaspora. Thus it is reasonable to assume that in his eyes succesful Swahili men were at least equal in many respects (e.g. linguistic competence, social experience, religious conviction) rather than inferior according to colonial understanding.
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Ranne, Katriina. « Heavenly drops ». Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-90863.

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Iba Ndiaye Diadji, a Senegalese professor of aesthetics, sees water as intrinsic to African ontology. He also argues that water is the most important substance to inspire African artists. (Diadji 2003: 273–275.) Water certainly has a significant role in Swahili poetry, written traditionally by people living on the coast of the Indian Ocean. Swahili poems have used aquatic imagery in expressing different ideas and sensations, in different contexts and times. Water imagery can be found in hundreds of years old Islamic hymns as well as in political poetry written during the colonial German East Africa. This article discusses water imagery in traditional Islamic Swahili poetry.
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Ranne, Katriina. « Heavenly drops : the image of water in traditional Islamic Swahili poetry ». Swahili Forum 17 (2010), S. 58-81, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11479.

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Iba Ndiaye Diadji, a Senegalese professor of aesthetics, sees water as intrinsic to African ontology. He also argues that water is the most important substance to inspire African artists. (Diadji 2003: 273–275.) Water certainly has a significant role in Swahili poetry, written traditionally by people living on the coast of the Indian Ocean. Swahili poems have used aquatic imagery in expressing different ideas and sensations, in different contexts and times. Water imagery can be found in hundreds of years old Islamic hymns as well as in political poetry written during the colonial German East Africa. This article discusses water imagery in traditional Islamic Swahili poetry.
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Ruano, de la Haza Jonathan. « The Rise of the United States' Airfield Empire in Latin America, North Africa, the Middle East, and Southern Asia (1927-1945). How America's Political Leaders Achieved Mastery over the Global Commons and Created the "American Century" ». Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23557.

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This dissertation makes the argument that the Franklin Roosevelt administration (1933-1945) embarked upon a global hegemonic project to transform the United States into a world empire and bring about the "New World Order." In addition, the expansion of U.S. commercial and military air routes was seen as instrumental to the realization of this project.
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Volk, Anette. « Archivbestände zu Tansania in der Benediktiner- Erzabtei St. Ottilien ». Universität Leipzig, 2002. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34430.

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HASCHEMI, YEKANI Minu. « Die (Un-)Erwünschten : Rassismus, Arbeit und koloniale Ordnung an der Küste Tansanias, 1885-1914 ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/37646.

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Defence date: 29 October 2015
Examining Board: Prof. Dr. Sebastian Conrad, Freie Universität Berlin (EUI); Prof. Dr. Andreas Eckert, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (External supervisor); Prof. Dr. Ulrike Lindner, Universität zu Köln (External supervisor); Prof. Dr. Dirk Moses, European University Institute.
The central question posed in this project is: In what way did the colonial labor regime in German East Africa correspond with the formation of a global color line and the growing debates over the relationship between race and labor at the end of the nineteenth century? The division between ‘wanted’ and ‘unwanted’ subalterns made by colonial rulers is the topic around which this project is structured. By examining three case studies, this project highlights the emergence of a colonial labor order in early colonial Tanzania. In doing so, it shows the discursive entanglements that bound local processes to global, transregional, inter-imperial, and metropolitan phenomena. The first chapter focuses on the recruitment and employment of Asian indentured laborers on plantations owned by the German-­East African Plantation Company, and so raises questions regarding global migration as well as free and unfree labor during High Imperialism. The second chapter contextualizes the “education of the Negro to work” as a result of a transatlantic knowledge exchange and ties this process to the question of school policy in colonial Tanzania. The chapter then goes on to analyze the recruitment policy of state-run schools in which Muslims, first and foremost, were to be trained as subaltern civil servants. The third chapter in turn focuses on unwanted subalterns and contextualizes the deportation of poor whites who were seen as a danger to both the colonial (labor) regime, as well as to the “white prestige” of colonial rulers. The project will demonstrate that this was a broader problem and that the legislative solution ultimately reached in German East Africa has to be analyzed within the context of imperial border regimes.
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Livres sur le sujet "Germany – Colonies – Africa, East"

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Emancipation without abolition in German East Africa, c.1884-1914. Oxford [England] : James Currey, 2006.

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Karl, Peters. How German East Africa was founded. Belfast : Athol Books, 2001.

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Spaces of negotiation : European settlement and settlers in German East Africa 1900-1914. München : Meidenbauer, 2006.

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Mikono ya damu : African mercenaries and the politics of conflict in German East Africa, 1888-1904 = "Hands of blood". Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2002.

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Hirschberg, Johannes. Bushiri : Rebel and freedom fighter : the Arab uprising in East Africa 1889/90 - from the diary of a German naval officer. Zanzibar, Tanzania : Von-Heute-auf-Morgen Verlag, 2016.

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Helmut, Schroeter. Die Eisenbahnen in den einst deutschen Schutzgebieten : Ostafrika, Südwestafrika, Kamerun, Togo und die Schantung-Eisenbahn : damals und heute = German colonial railways : East Africa, Southwest Africa, Cameroon, Togo and the Shantung Railway : then and now. Krefeld : Röhr-Verlag, 1993.

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Casco, José Arturo Saavedra. Utenzi, war poems, and the German conquest of East Africa : Swahili poetry as a historical source. Trenton NJ : Africa World Press, 2007.

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Library, Glenn G. Bartle, Cornell University. Labor Management Documentation Center., Tamiment Institute Library, State University of New York at Buffalo. University Libraries et State University of New York at Albany. Dept. of Special Collections and Archives Dept. of Special Collections and Archives., dir. [Twentieth century political pamphlets in New York State]. Albany, N.Y : University Libraries, The University at Albany, State University of New York, 1992.

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Greiner, Andreas. Human Porterage and Colonial State Formation in German East Africa, 1880s–1914. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89470-2.

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Lettow-Vorbeck. My reminiscences of East Africa. Nashville : Battery Press, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Germany – Colonies – Africa, East"

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Hård, Mikael. « Accessing Electricity in East Africa : Dar es Salaam Dwellers Pursue Power ». Dans Microhistories of Technology, 101–28. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22813-1_5.

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AbstractIn colonial Dar es Salaam, electricity was meant to signal social status—and to differentiate high-income and low-income neighborhoods. Only wealthy colonizers and merchants had full access to electric power. Whereas the majority of people in European cities were provided electricity in their homes, most people deemed “African” in Dar es Salaam were denied access to the grid. Despite the electricity providers’ purported role as “public utilities,” they did not serve the majority of the population. Chapter 5 argues that electricity provision in the capital of German East Africa and British Tanganyika was a biased process in which power was dispensed according to class and perceived race. Exercising their political power, the city authorities prioritized lighting public spaces such as downtown streets, large thoroughfares, and the streets of upper-class neighborhoods.
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Börjesson, Mikael, et Pablo Lillo Cea. « World Class Universities, Rankings and the Global Space of International Students ». Dans Evaluating Education : Normative Systems and Institutional Practices, 141–70. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_10.

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AbstractThe notion of World Class University suggests that this category of universities operates at a global and not national level. The rankings that have made this notion recognised are global in their scope, ranking universities on a worldwide scale and feed an audience from north to south, east to west. The very idea of ranking universities on such a scale, it is argued here, must be understood in relation to the increasing internationalisation and marketisation of higher education and the creation of a global market for higher education. More precisely, this contribution links the rankings of world class universities to the global space of international student flows. This space has three distinctive poles, a Pacific pole (with the US as the main country of destination and Asian countries as the most important suppliers of students), a Central European one (European countries of origin and destination) and a French/Iberian one (France and Spain as countries of destination with former colonies in Latin America and Africa as countries of origin). The three poles correspond to three different logics of recruitment: a market logic, a proximity logic and a colonial logic. It is argued that the Pacific/Market pole is the dominating pole in the space due to the high concentration of resources of different sorts, including economic, political, educational, scientific and not least, linguistic assets. This dominance is further enhanced by the international ranking. US universities dominate these to a degree that World Class Universities has become synonymous with the American research university. However, the competition has sharpened. And national actors such as China and India are investing heavily to challenge the American dominance. Also France and Germany, who are the dominant players at the dominated poles in the space, have launched initiative to ameliorate their position. In addition, we also witness a growing critique of the global rankings. One of the stakes is the value of national systems of higher education and the very definition of higher education.
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Piepiorka, Alexandra. « Exploring “Socialist Solidarity” in Higher Education : East German Advisors in Post-Independence Mozambique (1975–1992) ». Dans Education and Development in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa, 289–318. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27801-4_11.

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Zimmerman, Andrew. « ‘What Do You Really Want in German East Africa, Herr Professor?’ Counterinsurgency and the Science Effect in Colonial Tanzania ». Dans Engaging Colonial Knowledge, 279–300. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230360075_12.

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Coker, Christopher. « The Warsaw Pact, East Germany and the Threat of Western Intervention ». Dans NATO, The Warsaw Pact and Africa, 190–204. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17884-1_9.

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Berman, Nina. « Yusuf's Choice : East African Agency During the German Colonial Period in Abdulrazak Gurnah's Novel Paradise ». Dans Critical Perspectives on Abdulrazak Gurnah, 51–64. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003285250-6.

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Porter, A. N., et A. J. Stockwell. « Constitutional Change in the Colonies, 1951–64 : West Africa, the West Indies and South-East Asia ». Dans British Imperial Policy and Decolonization, 1938–64, 39–53. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19971-6_5.

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Bendix, Daniel. « “Impossible to Get to Know These Secret Means”—Colonial Anxiety and the Quest for Controlling Reproduction in “German East Africa” ». Dans Transcending Borders, 53–67. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48399-3_4.

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Franklin, Muriel. « Letters from Africa—North East and West, from Canada and from Prisoners of War in Germany ». Dans Scrap Book of the Working Men's College in Two World Wars, 203–14. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212676-32.

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Steyn, Johann. « Building a Culture of Democratic Education in Young Democracies : The Interrelation between South Africa and East-Germany ». Dans Transformation in der ostdeutschen Bildungslandschaft, 117–30. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11654-7_9.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Germany – Colonies – Africa, East"

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Rieger, Marie A. « Multicultural aspects of colonial street names in the city of Dar es Salaam ». Dans International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/44.

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When used in a purely descriptive sense, the term multicultural means the simultaneous presence of people with different cultural backgrounds. If one takes this perspective, the city of Dar es Salaam is multicultural from its very beginnings. Geographically lying on the African continent, the city was founded by an Omani Sultan and, until Independence in 1961, was the capital of German East-Africa and subsequently administered by the UK. This eventful history is reflected in the different layers of names assigned to the streets in the historical city centre. The following article analyses the German colonial names focusing on the multicultural aspects they inscribe into the cityscape.
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Чепик, Виктор. « Немецкий подход к идее европейской интеграции после Первой и Второй мировых войн ». Dans Россия — Германия в образовательном, научном и культурном диалоге. Конкорд, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/de2021/027.

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The appearance of Soviet Russia in the international arena in 1917 was one, but not the only factor that contributed to the further development of the idea of European integration. German supporters of the unification of Europe after the First World War were attracted by the economic and political aspects of the European idea, in the development of which they themselves took an active part. In particular, it was proposed to create a pan-European economic zone, which included as an "indispensable complement" the "joint economic exploitation of pan-European colonies", most of which were in Africa. The German Foreign Ministry, headed by G. Stresemann, supported the project of a federal union of Europe. After the Second World War, the supporters of European integration in Germany, which was divided into occupation zones, hoped with the help of membership in the proposed European Federal Union to solve a number of national tasks, the main of which was the reunification of Germany.
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Ntozi, James, et George Kibirige. « Three decades of training government statistical staff in developing countries : the African experience ». Dans Proceedings of the First Scientific Meeting of the IASE. International Association for Statistical Education, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.93402.

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Almost all official statistical services in Africa were introduced during the colonial era with the setting up of statistical units in the colonies and territories whose functions were largely determined by the ruling colonial powers. In East Africa, the service was set up in 1926 as the Statistical Section of the East African Governors' Conference with a mandate of "collecting statistics gradually, on the same method, throughout the territories, and to tabulate and compare results so that true inferences can be drawn" (Singh, 1971). Nigeria's statistical office was established in 1947 wither personnel deployed from the Treasury, Customs and Office of the Chief Secretary.
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Dainese, Elisa. « Le Corbusier’s Proposal for the Capital of Ethiopia : Fascism and Coercive Design of Imperial Identities ». Dans LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.838.

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Abstract: In 1936, immediately after the Italian conquest of the Ethiopian territories, the Fascist government initiated a competition to prepare the plan of Addis Ababa. Shortly, the new capital of the Italian empire in East Africa became the center of the Fascist debate on colonial planning and the core of the architectural discussion on the design for the control of African people. Taking into consideration the proposal for Addis Ababa designed by Le Corbusier, this paper reveals his perception of Europe’s role of supremacy in the colonial history of the 1930s. Le Corbusier admired the achievements of European colonialism in North Africa, especially the work of Prost and Lyautey, and appreciated the results of French domination in the continent. As architect and planner, he shared the Eurocentric assumption that considered overseas colonies as natural extension of European countries, and believed that the separation of indigenous and European quarters led to a more efficient control of the colonial city. In Addis Ababa he worked within the limit of the Italian colonial framework and, in the urgencies of the construction of the Fascist colonial empire, he participated in the coercive construction of imperial identities. Keywords: Le Corbusier; Addis Ababa; colonial city; Fascist architecture; racial separation; Eurocentrism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.838
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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, et Jelena Vapa Tankosić. « ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN PERSONAL AND BUSINESS TRAVEL SERVICES ». Dans The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21517si.

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The world today is facing one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Around the world, financial markets are in serious difficulties, the consequences of which have begun to spill over into the tourism sector. Covid-19 has caused sharp contractions in economic development, reduced mobility and has contacted tourism flows as the international tourist arrivals in most world sub-regions recorded declines from -60% to -70%. The aim of this paper is to analyze the international travel in the field of personal and business travel in the period of 2010-2019 exported to and imported from the Republic of Serbia. The findings show that the international travel for personal purposes has achieved the greatest value over the years, the second place is taken by travel for business purposes, whereas education-related travel achieved the third place. Exported and imported values of the category Travel, Personal and Travel, Business has the highest value of exports and imports from Serbia to European Union (EU 28), with Germany, Greece, Austria and Italy having the highest flows of exported and imported values. In 2020 Asia and the Pacific, was the region to suffer the hardest impact of Covid-19. On the second place there is Europe, followed by the Americas, Africa and the Middle East.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Germany – Colonies – Africa, East"

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Wezeman, Pieter, Aude Fleurant, Alexandra Kuimova, Diego Lopes da Silva, Nan Tian et Siemon Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2019. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/yjyw4676.

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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2015–19 was 5.5 per cent higher than in 2010–14 and 20 per cent higher than in 2005–2009. The five largest exporters in 2015–19 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2010–14 and 2015–19, there were increases in arms transfers to the Middle East and to Europe, while there were decreases in the transfers to Africa, the Americas and Asia and Oceania. From 9 March 2020 the freely accessible SIPRI Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on arms transfers for 1950–2019. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports and highlights selected issues related to arms transfers.
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Wezeman, Pieter, Alexandra Kuimova et Siemon Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2020. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/mbxq1526.

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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2016–20 was 0.5 per cent lower than in 2011–15 and 12 per cent higher than in 2006–10. The five largest arms exporters in 2016–20 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest arms importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2011–15 and 2016–20 there were increases in arms transfers to the Middle East and to Europe, while there were decreases in the transfers to Africa, the Americas, and Asia and Oceania. From 15 March 2021 SIPRI’s open-access Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2020, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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Wezeman, Pieter D., Alexandra Kuimova et Siemon T. Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2021. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/cbzj9986.

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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2017–21 was 4.6 per cent lower than in 2012–16, but was 3.9 per cent higher than in 2007–11. The five largest arms exporters in 2017–21 were the United States, Russia, France, China and Germany. The five largest arms importers were India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2012–16 and 2017–21 there were increases in arms transfers to Europe (19 per cent) and to the Middle East (2.8 per cent), while there were decreases in the transfers to the Americas (–36 per cent), Africa (–34 per cent), and Asia and Oceania (–4.7 per cent). From 14 March 2022 SIPRI’s open-access Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2021, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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