Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Georgian Actors »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Georgian Actors"
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Kyrchanoff, Maksym. « ETHNIC ELEMENT IN THE CONTEMPORARY GEORGIAN POSTMODERNIST INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE (“ARILI” AND “DIDGORI” AS ACTORS OF “IMAGINED COMMUNITIES” AND “INVENTED TRADITIONS”) ». History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, no 2 (12 juillet 2020) : 376–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch162376-393.
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The author analyzes the collective ideas about ethnicity and ethnic culture in the modern intellectual discourse of Georgia in contexts of interdisciplinary theories of nationalism. The purpose of the article is to analyze the various forms and dimensions of “ethnicity” and “ethnic culture” in modern Georgian cultural nationalism as a modernist and constructivist project. It is assumed that the modern project of the nation in Georgia is based on the imagination of Georgians as a political community and the actualization of the concepts of “kartveloba”. Kartveloba is defined as an invented tradition that arose in intellectual discourse as a result of transplantation of Western theories of nationalism. The author analyzes the role of ethnicity and ethnic culture in the development of modern Georgian nationalist imagination in the contexts of the activities of intellectuals as the main producers of nationalist discourse? In modernist historiography, nationalism is imagined as a social and cultural construct and one of the consequences of modernization, which minimizes the factor of ethnicity, reducing it to one of the invented traditions. It is assumed that Georgian intellectuals are active in their attempts to support and develop the concept of “kartveloba” as a synthetic version of Georgianness. The author believes that intellectuals are not inclined to ethnographization of ethnic culture, rejecting its museufication in the world of postmodernity and consumer society. It is presumed that Georgian intellectuals were able to synthesize the values of ethnicity and the principles of the nation as a political community. The author shows that Georgian ethnic culture is widely represented and actualized in cultural spaces, and the intellectual transplantation of Western culture does not exclude the manifestation of Georgian ethnicity, facilitating its integration into the Western canon.
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Cole, Michael. « A Taste of Georgia. Far Right Populism with a Unique Georgian Flavour ». Populism 3, no 2 (23 octobre 2020) : 186–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25888072-bja10010.
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Abstract Georgia has proved no exception to recent political trends, which have seen the increased prominence and influence of far right populist parties and movements purporting to represent ‘the people’ in an antagonistic struggle against the ‘elites’ or ‘enemies’. However, while considerable academic attention has been devoted to cases in Central and Western Europe (CWE), studies of Georgian far right populism are less common. This paper examines the political styles of two Georgian far right actors, the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (APG) and Georgian March (GM). I argue that the populist discursive frames both employ demonstrate enough commonalities with their CWE counterparts to consider them members of the far right populist ‘family’. However, the prevalence of populist politics, highly influential role of ‘traditional values’ promoted by the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), and Russian influence, are three important factors which produce a uniquely Georgian ‘flavour’ to far right populist movements in Georgia.
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Russo, Alessandra, et Francesca Zambelli. « The European Union’s Approach to Post-conflict Displacement and “the Local Turn” : A Study on Georgia’s Second-wave Internally Displaced People ». Caucasus Survey 11, no 2-3 (15 septembre 2023) : 312–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23761202-bja10024.
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Abstract How and to what extent do the European Union’s (EU) presence and projects in Georgia respond to principles and commitments relating to conflict and context sensitivity and local ownership? Drawing on local turns unfolding in both European studies and peace and conflict studies, the article focuses on EU support to Georgian internally displaced persons (IDP s) and discusses how this is received and perceived by actors on the ground in the context of the EU’s crisis response and the post-conflict setting in Georgia. The discussion is based on data from a questionnaire distributed to 40 respondents in three IDP settlements and by seven interviews with Brussels- and Georgia-based EU officials, as well as local and national authorities, non-governmental organization practitioners, and international organizations implementing EU projects in Georgia. Despite the existence of EU-sponsored measures of assistance targeting Georgian IDP s and the overall positive perception of the EU’s role in large sectors of Georgia’s society, the analysis reveals that the EU does not seem to be fully capable of interacting with local stakeholders and beneficiaries in an effective way. This limits the EU’s ability to uphold the principles of local ownership and conflict sensitivity.
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Ulybina, Olga. « Transnational agency and domestic policies : The case of childcare deinstitutionalization in Georgia ». Global Social Policy 20, no 3 (9 juin 2020) : 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018120926888.
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This article describes a policy adoption case study about deinstitutionalization of childcare in Georgia since independence. It highlights the evolving and non-homogeneous nature of transnational agency in the area of childcare deinstitutionalization, and offers insights into the complex relationship between transnational agency and national policymaking. The analysis draws on national policy documents, reports of United Nations agencies, the European Union, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and non-governmental organizations that contributed to the evolution of childcare deinstitutionalization in Georgia. We trace several developments: evolution of Georgian domestic policy versus the changing role of childcare deinstitutionalization in activities of various transnational actors. We find that Georgian childcare was shifting towards deinstitutionalization at the same time as global policy actors were developing their interventions in this policy area, showing how a lower middle-income country can develop its domestic social policies in conditions of an incoherent external environment.
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SPRINGER, MELANIE JEAN. « Why Georgia ? A Curious and Unappreciated Pioneer on the Road to Early Youth Enfranchisement in the United States ». Journal of Policy History 32, no 3 (juillet 2020) : 273–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030620000093.
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AbstractIn 1943, Georgia’s constitution was amended to lower the voting age to eighteen, making it the first—and for twelve years, the only—state in the Union to establish a voting-age requirement below twenty-one. Despite being widely considered at the time by several national and state political actors, Georgia’s reform represents an important and unappreciated historical puzzle. First, few would regard mid-twentieth-century Georgia as being even modestly progressive, especially regarding voting rights. Second, there is no evidence that an organized group lobbied for the reform. Further, there is no reason why lowering the voting age was inherently unique to Georgia qua Georgia. Instead, this study offers a detailed historical analysis highlighting the dedication of its young governor, and argues that Ellis Arnall’s political entrepreneurialism coupled with growing intraparty factionalism in Georgian politics and strategic timing facilitated this rare instance of electoral progressivism in the Deep South.
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Volkhonsky, Mikhail Alekseevich, et Akhmet Aminovich Yarlykapov. « Symbolic Politics of Georgia and Azerbaijan in Russia : Two Research Cases ». Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no 3 (15 décembre 2020) : 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-3-605-618.
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One of the most actively discussed topics in modern political science is symbolic politics. This topic looks especially relevant in relation to the former Soviet republics, which are actively operating within the framework of the symbolic component of politics. Based on an interdisciplinary approach to the study of symbolic politics, the article analyzes two cases related to the symbolic politics of the two republics of the post-Soviet space - Georgia and Azerbaijan, respectively. The first case refers to an attempt by the leadership of the Georgian Orthodox Church to obtain permission from the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian authorities to transfer the ashes of Georgian kings Vakhtang VI and Teymuraz II from Astrakhan to Tbilisi. The second case studies the circumstances of the construction of a monument in Dagestan near Agachaul to Turkish soldiers who died here in 1918 during the Civil war. The two cases presented in the article are interesting primarily because they allow us to see the methods of symbolic politics using concrete examples. In both cases, the actors were not state structures, but religious, social, and scientific organizations. The main method of the actors was to organize a commemorative campaign, around which an information campaign was then built, with the aim of replicating a certain interpretation of historical events. At the same time, cases differ from each other in the degree of openness and scale of actions of actors. In the first case regarding the transfer of the ashes of Georgian tsars, the Georgian side directly addressed both the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church and the leadership of Russia. At the same time, the actions undertaken by the Georgian side were not successful. In the second case, the Azerbaijani side actively used the local commemorative campaign, initiated by local communities in Dagestan, to launch an appropriate wide information campaign. A comparison of cases leads to the conclusion that the success of a symbolic policy does not depend on the scale of the actions taken.
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Abzianidze, Nino. « Us vs. Them as Structural Equivalence : Analysing Nationalist Discourse Networks in the Georgian Print Media ». Politics and Governance 8, no 2 (2 juin 2020) : 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i2.2605.
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Nationalist discourse has been identified as a driving factor in the causal chain linking democratization to the likelihood of ethnic conflicts, due to its nature of polarizing <em>us</em> against <em>others</em> along ethnic lines. However, we lack systematic knowledge of the structure and dynamics of this polarization. Adding to the established practices of analysing in-group/out-group divisions in ideological and political discourses, this article proposes an innovative way of measuring the divisiveness of nationalist discourse using social network analysis. Instead of looking at direct nationalist interaction between actors, deeper discursive structures are found by analysing indirect relationships across actors, based on their nationalist interaction with third parties. In this manner, it is possible to identify whether certain actors form structurally similar clusters, based on whom they direct their nationalist appeals to, how intense these appeals are towards specific actors, and what other groups they are targeted by themselves. By applying the measure of Structural Equivalence to the original data on nationalist appeals obtained from the quantitative content analysis of the Georgian print media across the 20 years of its democratization (1991–2012), this article shows that the actor structure of nationalist discourse conveys information on group polarization. Further, it demonstrates that the divisiveness of this discourse in Georgia became sharper during electoral periods, with the first two elections after independence being particularly dangerous in this regard.
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Pardo Sierra, Oscar. « Stabilizing the Neighbourhood ? The EU’s Contribution to SSR in Georgia ». European Foreign Affairs Review 14, Issue 4 (1 novembre 2009) : 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2009035.
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Abstract. This article examines how the European Union (EU) has contributed to Security Sector Reform (SSR) in Georgia. SSR is a relatively new concept, which aims at creating a secure environment that is linked with democratic norms and institutions and which encompasses all the sectors and actors related to a state’s security and not only defence or intelligence forces. The European Security Strategy (ESS) identifies SSR as one of the main new possible missions of the EU’s foreign policy. Looking at the diverse EU programmes undertaken in Georgia and norms transference, the paper evaluates to what degree the EU has contributed to Georgian SSR, especially since the 2003 Rose Revolution. It is argued that in SSR the EU acts mainly as a ‘transmission belt’ of international norms and through bilateral ad hoc programmes. These results also show how the EU has increased its profile as a security provider, especially in the support of Georgian border management, and how the EU can become a security provider in areas of soft security such as judicial and law enforcement or police reform.
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Kirchanov, Maksim V. « Democratic Republic of Georgia as an Object of the Historical Politics of Memory in Georgia (2018–2020) ». Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 24, no 2 (2022) : 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.035.
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This article presents an attempt to analyse historical politics as politics of memory in modern Georgia in the context of perception of the images and heritage of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG). The aim of the study is to analyse the images of the Democratic Republic of Georgia between 2018 and 2020 as part of the history and genealogy of the modern project of Georgian statehood in historical politics. The article is based on the methods used in studies of the politics of memory (historical politics) in modern interdisciplinary historiography. The article describes the features of the instrumentalisation of DRG images in the historical and political cultures of Georgia. The article examines the forms of participation of modern elites in the politics of memory in contexts of jubilee celebrations, memorial, and commemorative events that inspired the actualisation of the DRG images in the cultural and public spaces of Georgia. It is revealed that modern elites and heirs of DRG politicians became actors of historical politics and actual “battles for history”. As a result, the author concludes that images of the DRG became a symbolic resource for the consolidation of society and the development of the political identity of Georgian statehood. It is assumed that images of the DRG are integrated into the symbolic tools that political elites used in their attempts to correct identity and historical memory in modern Georgia. It is demonstrated that by initiating memorial celebrations dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the DRG in 2018, Georgian elites launched a series of commemorative events planned until 2024 solving political problems, localising, and interpreting historical traumas in the politics of memory proposed by the state as the main former of the official historical canon.
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Skvortsova, Nino, Irina I. Volkova, Archil Sikharulidze, Dimitri Abazov et Ana Dovlatova. « Formation of pre-election political discourse in the audiovisual media of Georgia ». RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 27, no 4 (15 décembre 2022) : 788–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2022-27-4-788-807.
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Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of the audio-visual material of two Georgian media outlets, the empirical base of research on the formation of political discourses and their influence on the socio-political life of the country is presented. Media content during the pre-election period September - October 2020: about 2337 publications of audio-visual character. The analysis of television content is of interest for understanding the information and political environment in a society where media is directly linked to various interest groups. There is a high concentration of the political factor in the media that determines its discourse. Taking into account the increasing political polarization in Georgia, the mass media also take an appropriate stance towards political actors and form discourse that serves the political agenda of a certain interest group. The public receives ideologically processed information and, despite the factor of democratization of the methods of political struggle, finds itself in a situation where political forces use information and disinformation as a method of combating opponents. The presented analysis is one of the first results of the inter-university project “Mass Media in Political Processes of Georgia”, it is crucial for understanding the trends of Georgian mass media related to both internal and external factors. The results of the research show the patterns inherent in different TV channels in the context of media and political environment in Georgia.
Thèses sur le sujet "Georgian Actors"
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Hughes, Laura Martinez. « Georgia elementary principals' perceptions of their ethical philosophy, formal leadership preparation in ethics, and actions related to the development and maintenance of an ethical school ». Click here to access dissertation, 2006. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2006/laura_m_hughes/hughes_laura_m_200608_edd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2006."A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-161) and appendices.
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Lussac, Samuel. « L'Azerbaïdjan, les hydrocarbures et les pipelines : réseaux sociotechniques et régionalisation ». Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40060/document.
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Cette recherche s’intéresse aux impacts sociopolitiques des gazoducs et des oléoducsmis en oeuvre depuis 1991 au Caucase du Sud. S’appuyant sur un cadre théoriquemêlant principalement sociologie de l’Acteur-Réseau, sociologie éliasienne etapproches managériales, elle postule que la construction d’un système complexe detransport de pétrole et de gaz azerbaïdjanais est révélatrice de l’évolution de laconfiguration sud-caucasienne. Cette thèse étudie tout d’abord les interactions qui senouent autour de la mise en oeuvre des voies d’exportation des hydrocarburesazerbaïdjanais. Elle met en lumière l’émergence de nouvelles formes de régulation, dontla plupart profite à la compagnie pétrolière BP. Elle démontre ensuite comment lesréseaux sociotechniques construits autour de ces nouvelles voies participent d’uneévolution de la configuration sud-caucasienne. Ces réseaux débordent du cadrepurement économique pour aboutir au développement de la régionalisation entrel’Azerbaïdjan, la Géorgie et la Turquie. Cette recherche souligne enfin les gains queretire l’Etat-entreprise azerbaïdjanais de cette régionalisation fondée sur leshydrocarbures. Bakou se sert de ces derniers pour étendre son influence économique etpolitique au sein de la configuration sud-caucasienne. La sociologie de l’Acteur-Réseaunous permet donc de souligner le rôle non seulement économique mais égalementpolitique des hydrocarbures dans la montée en puissance de l’Azerbaïdjan qui, d’Etat enfaillite, est devenu puissance régionaleThis dissertation looks at the socio-political impacts of the pipelines that have beenimplemented in the South Caucasus since 1991. It is based on a theoreticalframework mixing Actor-Network Theory, Norbert Elias’s sociology andmanagement approaches. It assumes that the construction of an Azerbaijanihydrocarbons transportation complex system sheds light into the evolution of theSouth Caucasian configuration. First, this research studies interactions that emergeLUSSAC Samuel | Science Politique | Doctorat | 201114around the implementation of export routes for Azerbaijani oil and gas resources.It highlights the development of new forms of governance, which mostly benefit tothe oil company BP. Second, this dissertation demonstrates that the sociotechnicalnetworks built around these new export routes contribute to the evolution of theSouth Caucasian configuration. These networks overflow the economic sphere tofoster regionalization between Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. Third, thisresearch underlines the benefits the Azerbaijani ‘state-company’ retrieves fromthis hydrocarbons-based regionalization. Baku takes advantage of oil and gasresources to increase its economic and political influence within the SouthCaucasian configuration. Therefore, the Actor-Network Theory helps to shed lightinto the economic and political role of hydrocarbons in the rise of Azerbaijan.From a failed state, this country has now established itself as a regional power
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Stefan, Cako. « The Foundational Myth of Russia : Explicating the puzzle behind the foundational myth of Russia and the construction of its contemporary geopolitics ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Statsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39190.
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This dissertation examines the construction of the contemporary Russian geopolitics through the usage of the foundational myth, better known as the Third Rome myth and the center of true Christianity. This is achieved through the analysis of four famous speeches by President Vladimir Putin. These speeches cover the two regions of Ukraine and Georgia, the former being to an internal audience and the latter to a foreign audience. Accompanied with examining the foundational myth, this dissertation also deliberates on how it is being utilized by Putin. In his reconstruction of a new Russia, one that synthesizes the old ideas of greatness alongside the new set of geopolitics. The aims to fulfill are: Firstly, to broaden our understanding of the present and future Russian geopolitics. Secondly, through usage of the myth to develop our understanding of the new environment surrounding hybrid warfare. And especially politics, in form of soft power, that play a significant role where insight can help prevent future conflicts. The method of analysis is of qualitative nature. Speech act by Austin and Searle is employed in order to gain an overview and enable the construction of semiotic squares, that in turn facilitate the actantial models by Greimas.
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Olovson, Natali. « Hacking for the State ? : The Use of Private Persons in Cyber Attacks and State Responsibility ». Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-10218.
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While there are many examples to turn to regarding the thriving phenomenon of private persons being exploited to launch cyber attacks on behalf of states, this thesis will direct it’s attention onto two special cases. Russia has been accused of being the state actor behind the cyber attacks on Estonia in 2007 and Georgia in 2008. The cases are chosen as Estonia have been recognised as the first coordinated cyber attack on a foreign country, and Georgia being the first case were cyber attacks have been utilised in synchronisation with military action. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the facts of each case in relation to the International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (DARSIWA). The analysis will work through article 4, article 5, article 8 and article 11. The main question is how Russia may be hold as legally responsible under international law for the private conduct of ’patriotic’ hackers, the Nashi Youth Group and the Russian Business Network. The thesis concludes that while the circumstances of each case highly indicate state-involvement, this cannot be proven under the respective criterias of the articles and Russia does therefore not bear legal responsibility.
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Alvar, Blomgren. « ”By the iron hand of oppression" : The performance of the parliamentary election contest in Nottingham and Middlesex 1802-1803 ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143964.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how politics was done at the level of the parliamentary constituencies at the time of the treaty of Amiens 1802-1803. This is achieved through two case studies of the elections in Middlesex and Nottingham, which are investigated as social practices. This thesis argues that understandings of masculinity and national identity, as well as questions about the nature of the constitution and citizen rights were central to participants in the extraparliamentary political process. Collective emotions were also highly important in the process of mobilising political support, and this thesis emphasises that participation in these elections was a collective effort; men and women from all levels of society were significant political actors. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates the importance of competences such as knowledge about the organisation of crowds and political violence in the performance of the election.
Livres sur le sujet "Georgian Actors"
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Zardalishvili-Shaduri, Nina. Vashe blagorodie, gospodin artist : Pavel Luspekaev : k 170-letii︠u︡ russkogo teatra v Gruzii. Tbilisi : Mezhdunarodnyĭ kulʹturno-prosvetitelʹskiĭ Soi︠u︡z "Russkiĭ klub", 2015.
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Goff, Moira. The incomparable Hester Santlow : A dancer-actress on the Georgian stage. Aldershot, Hants, England : Ashgate, 2007.
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Ochiauri, Lela. Svoĭ sredi svoikh : Aleksandr Tovstonogov : k 170-letii︠u︡ russkogo teatra v Gruzii. Tbilisi : Mezhdunarodnyĭ kulʹturno-prosvetitelʹskiĭ Soi︠u︡z "Russkiĭ klub", 2015.
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Abesaże, Guram. Tʻanamedrove kʻartʻuli politikuri scʻenis akʻtorebi : Georgian modern political scene actors : /politikur-kulturuli tʻvitʻdamkvidrebis šedarebitʻi analizi. Tʻbilisi : Gamomcʻemloba "Universali", 2014.
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Ratiani, I. I. Sintez iskusstv v kulʹture Gruzii 1920-1980-kh godov : Vzaimosvi︠a︡zʹ i vzaimovlii︠a︡nie. Moskva : "Sovpadenie", 2012.
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Eldridge, Frank M. Eldridge's Georgia wrongful death actions : With forms. 2e éd. Norcross, GA (3110 Crossing Park, Norcross 30091-7500) : Harrison Co., 1992.
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Eldridge, Frank M. Eldridge's Georgia wrongful death actions : With forms. 4e éd. Eagan, MN : Thomson/West, 2008.
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Eldridge, Frank M. Eldridge's Georgia wrongful death actions : With forms. Sous la direction de Cleary Robert E et Eldridge Frank M. Norcross, GA (3110 Crossing Park, Norcross 30091-7500) : Harrison Co., 1987.
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Eldridge, Frank M. Eldridge's Georgia wrongful death actions : With forms. 3e éd. Norcross, GA (3110 Crossing Park, Norcross 30091-7500) : Harrison Co., 1998.
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Maleski, David J. Proof of causation in private tort actions in Georgia. Norcross, GA (3110 Crossing Park, Norcross 30091-7500) : Harrison Co., 1986.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Georgian Actors"
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Matsaberidze, David. « The Confederation of the Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus : A Nonunitary, Nonstate Actor in Georgian-Abkhazian(-Russian) Relations ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Non-State Actors in East-West Relations, 1–14. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05750-2_36-1.
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Chambers, David. « Georgii Tovstonogov ». Dans Analysis through Action for Actors and Directors, 92–107. London : Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003475576-6.
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Hall, Enjoli, Shirley Sherrod et Samina Raja. « Toward a Restorative Planning Ethic : Race, History, and Food Planning in Albany, Georgia ». Dans Urban Agriculture, 219–33. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32076-7_12.
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AbstractContemporary discussions of equity in planning for urban agriculture remains incomplete when decoupled from the history of racialized food systems in the United States. This chapter documents the decades-long experiences and practices of community-based food systems actors in the small southern city of Albany, Georgia. Through a case study of the Southwest Georgia Project for Community Education. a nonprofit organization that focuses on food systems and community empowerment, we explore the practices of community actors against a complex history of racial dispossession and discrimination that they resist and strive to transform. Community food actors engage in transformative work in order to improve the city’s food system and promote self-determination. The experiences of community actors in Albany, Georgia offer insights into Black people in the United States as producers of food and makers of place. Additionally, the example of Albany examines the potential for urban agriculture as a tool for racial justice, and offers a paradigm for local government public policy to support racial healing in deeply divided communities. The longer history of community-led food planning presented here illuminates the thin line between the past and the present and surfaces a restorative planning ethic, a planning framework that is simultaneously future-oriented and historically-informed and demands that planners engage with and enhance the self-determination of communities that act as storehouses of history and memory in order to acknowledge and account for past harms and wrongs.
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Manning, Paul. « How to Domesticate a Georgian Goblin ». Dans Living with Monsters, 133–51. Earth, Milky Way : punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0361.1.09.
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A fictionalized dialog assembled out of real folkloric narratives of various kinds, the paper acts as an overview of the various kinds of goblins in the folklore of the country of Georgia. A common motif of Georgian imaginings of human-goblin relationships revolves around whether the goblins are homeless (Chinkas, Alis) and therefore can be forcibly domesticated by cutting their unshorn hair or nails; or whether they have a home of their own somewhere (Kajis, Tqashmapa), in which case, they cannot be domesticated to become servants in your household. Each goblin type represents a kind of weird version of a known kind of human generic social other, and the imagined perilous social or sexual relationships one can have with them reveal anxieties about corresponding relationships with ordinary social others, particularly the very large number of female nymph-like spirits, which pointedly dwell on anxieties revolving around exogamous marriage to strangers and marriage by abduction.
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Balarjishvili, Inga. « Contradictions of Development of Civil Society as Economic Actor in Georgia ». Dans Country Experiences in Economic Development, Management and Entrepreneurship, 171–86. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46319-3_10.
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Dolidze, Anna. « Beyond the Binary of Exogenous and Endogenous Transitions : International Actors and Transitional Justice in Georgia ». Dans Transitional Justice in Unified Korea, 153–74. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-53454-5_10.
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Угриновська, Оксана Іванівна, et Анастасія Сергіївна Віцькар. « Глава 13. Оптимальна модель провадження у справах про встановлення фактів, що мають юридичне значення, в цивільному судочинстві України ». Dans Серія «Процесуальні науки», 427–78. Київ, Україна : Видавництво "Алерта", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59835/978-617-566-770-5-3-13.
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Abstract. The scientific study is dedicated to the study of the pecu liarities of establishing legal facts in the conditions of the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine (since 2014), as well as the limits of the court’s discretionary powers in this area. The authors, within the framework of this theoretical and applied work, while delineating the limits of the court’s discretionary powers, singled out the general conditions for establishing a legal fact in the order of civil jurisdiction, classified legal facts related to military aggression in Ukraine according to the order of establishment, and also carried out a detailed comparative analysis of the revisions of Article 317 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which underwent significant changes in connection with the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on July 1, 2022 of Law of Ukraine № 2345-IX «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Peculiarities of Proceedings in Cases Establishing the Fact of Birth or Death of a Person in conditions of war or state of emergency and in temporarily occupied territories». A legal evaluation of these changes was given and their effectiveness was analyzed taking into account the already formed judicial practice. Peculiarities of the Georgian and Moldovan models of establishing the facts of the death/birth of a person in the temporarily occupied territory are singled out, since in the past Georgia and Moldova, like Ukraine, were «lucky» to experience the «care of a brotherly neighbor». Taking into account the military realities in Ukraine and the prevailing circumstances, an opinion is expressed as to whether it is possible to introduce features of the Moldovan and/or Georgian models in Ukraine.
The purpose of the study is to outline the limits of the court’s discretionary powers regarding the establishment of legal facts in the conditions of the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine (since 2014). Isolation of the general conditions for the establishment of a legal fact in the procedure of civil jurisdiction. Taking into account the specific conditions and on the basis of the study of the judicial practice of the Unified State Register of Court Decisions, the classification of legal facts related to military aggression in Ukraine, according to the order of establishment. Analysis of key legislative changes made to the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code in terms of simplifying the procedure for establishing the fact of birth and death of a person in the temporarily occupied territory, under conditions of war and state of emergency. As well as a comparison of the relevant versions of Article 317 of the Civil Code of Ukraine to provide a legal assessment of the effectiveness of the changes made. Highlighting the key features of the Georgian and Moldovan models of establishing the fact of birth and death of a person in the temporarily occupied territory with the possibility of further borrowing and adoption of experience, as well as the implementation of such in Ukraine.
Research methodology. The method of system analysis and compa rison was used during the research.
Analysis of recent research and publications. A qualitative description of separate proceedings as an institution of civil procedural law is given in the works of M. M. Yasynok, O. O. Markova, V. Yu. Mamnytskyi, T. M. Balyuk, Y. M. Sadikova, Yu. V. Bilousov. The scientific works of A. V. Kostruba, K. I. Hychka, G. V. Kykot, V. V. Masyuk, and V. V. Komarov are devoted to the issue of establishing facts that have legal significance in separate proceedings under the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine. In addition, the study of the relevance of the indicated issues proves that the problems of legal regulation of the procedure for establishing the fact of birth and death of a person in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine are not fully studied. Although it is worth noting the significant contribution to research in this area by K. V. Husarova, I. M. Volkova, T. A. Stoyanova, M. H. Sviderska, O. I. Ugrynovska. and Pinyashka M., as well as other specialists in the science of civil procedural law. The empirical basis of primary source research is the modern legislation of Ukraine, as well as the legislation of Georgia and Moldova.In addition, it should be noted that M. Basilashvili covered the issue of comparative legal analysis of registration of civil status acts in Ukraine and Georgia in her research.
Conclusions. It is obvious that cases on the establishment of facts of legal significance occupy an important place in judicial practice. The dynamism of social relations, and therefore the constant change of legislation in the conditions of war (since 2014), made it necessary to establish a new type of legal facts – a legal fact related to military aggression in Ukraine. The study of judicial practice on this issue gives reason to assert that the judicial body’s approach to the consideration of the specified category is becoming more and more qualitative. Aspecial role in the formation of the unity of judicial practice in solving the issue of establishing legal facts related to military aggression in Ukraine is played by the Supreme Court, which always stands guard to protect the violated rights of individuals. The legislative changes analyzed in this scientific study in terms of simplifying proceedings in cases of establishing the fact of birth or death of a person in the territory where a state of war or emergency has been imposed, or in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine, can rightly be called progressive, appropriate and necessary, since such are dictated by the realities of wartime in our country. Moreover, they will contribute to the unification of judicial practice in the matter of establishing the fact of birth and death of a person in the territory where a state of war or emergency has been imposed, or in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine. But the legislator still has a lot to work on in this matter. The regulation of the institution of establishing the fact of birth and death of a person in the temporarily occupied territory in Georgia and Moldova has many features, original legal norms that give grounds to conclude about the possibility of implementing specific positive points of foreign models of establishing the specified types of legal facts in Ukraine by improving Ukrainian legislation and applying in the Ukrainian legal space.
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Kaiser, Claire P. « Entitled Foreign Policy and Its Limits ». Dans Georgian and Soviet, 61–86. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501766794.003.0003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter investigates how newly endowed Soviet institutions of nation-building gave form to nationalizing aspirations of local- and republic-level actors in Georgia, from party cadres to academics. The chapter particularly looks at the three parallel attempts by Soviet Georgian officials, scholars, and activists to claim territories and populations in Turkey and Azerbaijan and to “repatriate” co-ethnics from the Fereydan region of Iran at the dawn of the Cold War. Focusing on the prominent roles of the historians Nikoloz Berdzenishvili and Simon Janashia, First Secretary Kandid Charkviani, and Georgian people's commissar of foreign affairs Giorgi Kiknadze, the chapter shows how these (ultimately unsuccessful) schemes were not simply a Moscow-managed, geopolitical gambit but also advanced local interests among a new generation of Georgian nation-builders. This does not downplay Jospeh Stalin's role in these endeavors; rather, Stalinist patronage and the entitled position of Georgians in Stalin's Soviet Union emboldened local leaders in Georgia. The chapter emphasizes how these efforts tested the bounds of republic-level agency vis-à-vis neighboring republics. It then reviews the legal fictions of Soviet federalism and the extent of national autonomy.
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Baer, Marc. « Audiences as Actors ». Dans Theatre and Disorder in Late Georgian London, 166–88. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198112501.003.0009.
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Devereaux, Simon. « Arts of Public Performance : Barristers and Actors in Georgian England * ». Dans Crime, Courtrooms and the Public Sphere in Britain, 1700–1850, 93–117. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315574790-ch-5.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Georgian Actors"
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Devadze, Anzor, Lela Devadze, Paata Chaganava, Irakli Kordzaia et Nani Gvarishvili. « ECOLOGICAL TOURISM ON THE SPECIAL PROTECTED AREAS AS THE PRIORITY FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD ». Dans 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s03.028.
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Tourism in Georgia is one of the most important sectors of National Economy that severely damaged by COVID-19 pandemic. Adverse epidemiologic circumstances placed the development of tourism business under the threat. As the COVID-19 Pandemic had step-by-step reduced and came to the end the tourism begun to arise. For today the actors of tourism industry should discuss and elaborate the measures to solve the global problems could take place in the future. Today, in the conditions of weakening of COVID-19 pandemic propagation and eliminating some prohibitions for citizens� everyday life and lifestyle, there is a huge amount of delayed demand in tourism. At the same time the fear to the big volumes of people mass tourism, most likely, will become more and more individualized, the popularity of ecological tourism will rise, especially at special protected areas of the country, those also had a great potential of development for our country in pre-pandemic period. The article discusses some problems; those restrain further development of the ecological tourism at special protected areas in Georgia. The Scientific-methodological recommendations were elaborated based on analyze, to help the development the ecological tourism market and solve the problems constrain the development of this type of tourism in Georgia.
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Lashkhi, Mariam. « The Shadow Banking in Georgia ». Dans V National Scientific Conference. Grigol Robakidze University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55896/978-9941-8-5764-5/2023-19-35.
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Shadow banking is an important component of many financial systems. Due to their role in transferring risks to the financial system, institutions operating within the shadow banking system require increased attention, as demonstrated by the recent global crisis. This paper aims to investigate the size and trend of the shadow banking sector in the context of financial stability in Georgia. For this purpose, an analysis of the financial sector of Georgia was conducted to study the activities of shadow banks and the potential risks related to their activities. The study uses FSB and ESRB methodology to estimate the size of shadow banking in Georgia and the associated risk. The results of the analysis indicate that non-bank financial institutions, such as leasing and pawn shops, are part of the shadow banking system, which is not subject to banking regulation. Their actions and activities do not pose a threat to financial stability at the moment. The shadow banking system in Georgia is relatively small and currently does not represent a significant systemic risk. However, there are a number of factors that can increase the risk of the shadow banking system in Georgia, including: Growth in non-banking financial institutions that are not subject to the same level of regulation as the banking sector; Increasing interconnection of NBFIs with the banking system; Use of complex financial instruments, which complicates risk assessment. The lack of comprehensive and high-quality information on the shadow banking system in Georgia is a major challenge for effective risk assessment, as NBFIs are not required to report their activities to the authorities and there is a lack of transparency in the shadow banking system. In order to mitigate the risks posed by the shadow banking system, it is important to improve the regulation of NBFIs and increase the transparency of the shadow banking system. This initiative will allow policymakers to better understand the risks caused by the shadow banking system and take measures to reduce these risks. Keywords: shadow banking, non-bank financial institution, other financial intuitions, financial stability.
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Sulashvili, Giorgi, et Gocha Nadiradze. « ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SYSTEM IN GEORGIA ». Dans Proceedings of the XXX International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25062021/7607.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The government procurement market is a macroeconomic system that includes interacting structural elements within a single system that are an integral part of a country's economic system. The state, as the owner of significant financial resources, acts as the largest subject of market relations in placing budget orders. State procurement (goods, construction works, services) is carried out to meet the most important state needs. Modern market relations have confirmed the need to regulate the process of procurement of goods, services and construction works in country by the state, at the level of an independent institution of executive power/government. In the modern economy, public institutions face the need to regulate the flow of financial resources in order to make procurements for state and social needs, which spending entities must implement efficiently and effectively. In this regard, certain areas of market research are discussed and some conclusions are presented.
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Chen, Lei, Muheng Li, Yueqi Duan, Jie Zhou et Jiwen Lu. « Uncertainty-Aware Representation Learning for Action Segmentation ». Dans Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/115.
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In this paper, we propose an uncertainty-aware representation Learning (UARL) method for action segmentation. Most existing action segmentation methods exploit continuity information of the action period to predict frame-level labels, which ignores the temporal ambiguity of the transition region between two actions. Moreover, similar periods of different actions, e.g., the beginning of some actions, will confuse the network if they are annotated with different labels, which causes spatial ambiguity. To address this, we design the UARL to exploit the transitional expression between two action periods by uncertainty learning. Specially, we model every frame of actions with an active distribution that represents the probabilities of different actions, which captures the uncertainty of the action and exploits the tendency during the action. We evaluate our method on three popular action prediction datasets: Breakfast, Georgia Tech Egocentric Activities (GTEA), and 50Salads. The experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves the performance with state-of-the-art.
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Phalavandishvili, Nargiz, Natalia Robitashvili et Ekaterine Bakhtadze. « Value Chain Analysis of adventure tourism : a case study of Ajara Autonomous Republic (Georgia) ». Dans 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.037.
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Ajara Autonomous Republic, both within the country and in the world tourist market, has always been positioned as a maritime tourist destination. However, over recent years diversification of tourist products and appealing new market segments have become one of the main priorities of the tourism development strategy of Ajara Autonomous Republic. As a result, the government is creating an appropriate tourist infrastructure, especially in rural areas to support developing such tourist products as adventure and eco-tourism. Adventure tourism can deliver significant benefits at the local level and it is a developing segment in Ajara. Creating adventure tourism products requires integration of various interdependent services. A tourism value chain is defined as a system that describes the cooperation of private and state sectors in providing resources, which creates costs and adds value through various processes and delivers final products to visitors. The purpose of the research was to determine weak links in the value chain and creating a comprehensive value chain model to form the competitive adventure tourism product. The research involved all actors, which operate in the tourism sector. Based on the results of the survey, in the value chain, the food link turned out to be the weakest, whereas the accommodation with the highest share was distinguished in the visitor spending structure. Overall, the cost of the adventure tour will be affordable for both international and domestic tourists. At this stage, government support and participation are crucial in the formation of adventure tourism infrastructure. Through using the case study and qualitative research methods, we tried to identify challenges to the growth of adventure tourism in Ajara and developed recommendations to overcome these challenges.
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Suárez-Soto, R. J., B. A. Anderson, M. L. Maslia et M. M. Aral. « A Comparison between BIOCHLOR and the Analytical Contaminant Transport Analysis System (ACTS) for a Case Study in Coastal Georgia ». Dans World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)73.
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Siposné Kecskeméthy, Klára, et Alexandra Sipos. « Evolving NATO Partnership in the Light of the Madrid and Vilnius Summits ». Dans Národná a medzinárodná bezpečnosť. Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/nmb.c.2023.9788080406516.396-404.
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The Vilnius Summit was of particular importance for NATO moving forward towards credible defence and enhanced deterrence. The Russian Federation’s actions in defiance of international law (2008 Georgia, 2014 annexation of Crimea, invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022) have radically changed the strategic and security environment. The Vilnius Summit in line with the Madrid Strategic Concept focused on the challenges, risks and threats on the eastern flank of the Alliance, the military reinforcement, strengthening and development of response capabilities have been a priority. Finland as a fully-fledged member country participated at the Vilnius Summit. This paper deals with developments in the framework of the partnership initiatives. The establishment of the NATO-Ukraine Council was one of the most important decisions taken at the summit. Furthermore, priority was given to the like-minded countries of the Asia-Pacific region, and attention has been paid to the Balkan region, the Middle East and Africa.
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Sankey, Maxim L., Sheldon M. Jeter, Trevor D. Wolf, Donald P. Alexander, Gregory M. Spiro et Ben Mason. « Continuous Monitoring, Modeling, and Evaluation of Actual Building Energy Systems ». Dans ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6610.
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Residential and commercial buildings account for more than 40% of U.S. energy consumption, most of which is related to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Consequently, energy conservation is important to building owners and to the economy generally. In this paper we describe a process under development to continuously evaluate a building’s heating and cooling energy performance in near real-time with a procedure we call Continuous Monitoring, Modeling, and Evaluation (CMME). The concept of CMME is to model the expected operation of a building energy system with actual weather and internal load data and then compare modeled energy consumption with actual energy consumption. For this paper we modeled two buildings on the Georgia Institute of Technology campus. After creating our building models, internal lighting loads and equipment plug-loads were collected through electrical sub-metering, while the building occupancy load was recorded using doorway mounted people counters. We also collected on site weather and solar radiation data. All internal loads were input into the models and simulated with the actual weather data. We evaluated the building’s overall performance by comparing the modeled heating and cooling energy consumption with the building’s actual heating and cooling energy consumption. Our results demonstrated generally acceptable energy performance for both buildings; nevertheless, certain specific energy inefficiencies were discovered and corrective actions are being taken. This experience shows that CMME is a practical procedure for improving the performance of actual well performing buildings. With improved techniques, we believe the CMME procedure could be fully automated and notify building owners in real-time of sub-optimal building performance.
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Reinsalu, Kristina. « Shedding Light on the Digital Vulnerability : Challenges and Solutions ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002576.
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There was a hope that digital transformation, in improving public service provision and delivery, and in promoting inclusion – with due regard to the needs of vulnerable populations – is instrumental in mitigating the effects of exclusion and improving people’s livelihoods (UN e-Government Survey 2012). Also, the rise of social media with their more inclusive tendencies and lower technical skill requirements was expected to open new horizons for the inclusion of vulnerable groups. Whereas these hopes have partly become true, we are also witnessing that vulnerable groups are facing new type of risks such as digital harassment, hate speech, disinformation/misinformation attacks and other risks which hinder those groups from fully benefitting from digital transformation.While traditional digital divide reasons (lack of access and skills) remain important, motivational reasons have increased in importance over time. Effective interventions aimed at tacklingdigital exclusion need to take into consideration national contexts, individual experience etc. What worked a decade ago in a particular country might not work currently in a different or even the same country (Helsper, E.J. and Reisdorf, B.C. 2016). The aim of research paper is to shed a light on the digital vulnerability, and to understand (a) which are the groups and activities where digital transformation (increase of digital awareness, skills, resources) could bring about the biggest change in the quality of life, and empowerment? (b) What are the main actors in this field? (c) What are the practical implications to rise their capacity and empower them?Our research collects and analyses data from Ukraine and Georgia. The democratic development of these two countries has been relatively similar. Both countries have also placed emphasis on digital development. However, the state of democracy is fragile in both countries, there are many inequalities and a great threat to security, especially in Ukraine. This makes the vulnerable groups even more vulnerable digitally and the risks mentioned above might have real dramatic consequences.Even though we are looking more closely at these two countries, there is a threat to democracy and societies everywhere, so this focus is universal.The research will make use of primary as well as of secondary data. The primary data will be collected using semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders. The secondary data will be collected from public sources (strategy and policy documents etc.)In our study the digitally vulnerable groups (DVG) are those whose digital engagement in political decision-making and e-services is hindered by their lack of awareness of digital issues, access to technological benefits, and / or digital literacy and skills. Irrespective of the causes (e.g. demographic, socioeconomic and/or health status, living conditions or social position, etc.), these barriers prevent the people from reaping the benefits of digital transformation and as such, have a negative impact on their rights, interests, and everyday life. The primary research shows that the priority target groups are similar in both countries – these are (a) children and young people; and (b) elderly people. Evidently those both groups have completely different needs, barriers, and enablers for benefitting from digital agenda. The research is part of a project DRIVE, the results will be used for preparing recommendations for action, train civil society organisations and public authorities to work on these recommendations and turn two of the recommendations into a pilot project to be implemented during the project.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Georgian Actors"
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Floyd, Jason, et Daniel Madrzykowski. Analysis of a Near Miss in a Garden Apartment Fire – Georgia 2022. UL's Fire Safety Research Institute, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/rsfd6862.
Texte intégralRésumé :
On February 9, 2022, Cobb County Fire and Emergency Services responded to a fire in a ground floor unit in a garden apartment building. At arrival, the fire was a post-flashover fire in a bedroom. Initial fire control was attempted by an interior fire attack team which was unable to quickly locate the fire. Exterior suppression through the bedroom window was started prior to discovery of the fire by the interior team. Shortly after fire discovery by the internal team, a mayday was called. Four firefighters from the interior fire attack team received first and second degree burns. This report analyzes photographic, video, and written documentation from the incident to evaluate the timeline of the incident and to assess the fire conditions present. Computer modeling using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was performed to provide further insight into the fire conditions and the impact of decisions and actions on the fire ground. Additionally, data from a full scale fire test of a similar fire in a similar structure was used to provide additional insight. Four FDS simulations were performed in support of the analysis. These included a simulation of the event as it unfolded and three simulations looking at the impact of alternate tactics which included: initial exterior attack prior to entry, the use of a smoke curtain to protect the building exit path, and interior only attack. FDS simulations provided insight on the heat present in the apartment during the fire and the impact of the interior and exterior suppression on conditions inside the apartment. Full scale test data of a similar fire showed similar behavior to the FDS predictions and gives credence to the FDS results. Results of the analysis suggest that injuries resulted from the length of time the interior attack team was present inside the apartment before actions were taken to reduce the severity of the fire. Six contributing factors were identified including size-up, communication and accountability, delayed exterior attack, lack of entry hall protection, the apartment layout and construction, thermal imager use, and mayday procedures and training. The last contributing factor was a positive contribution that helped avoid more serious injuries. Based on the contributing factors, five recommendations were made that include improved size-up, exterior fire control to prevent exterior spread, protection of exit pathways, basing fire ground tactics on known information, and recognizing when a change in tactics is needed.
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Struthers, Kim. Natural resource conditions at Fort Pulaski National Monument : Findings and management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300064.
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The National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division’s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program initiated an NRCA project with Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU) in 2022. The purpose of an NRCA is to synthesize information related to the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions at a park and to report conditions for natural resource topics selected by park managers. Resource conditions are evaluated as either a condition assessment or a gap analysis, depending on data availability. For FOPU’s NRCA, managers selected salt marsh, shorebirds, Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and butterflies as the focal resources. FOPU is comprised of two islands in coastal Georgia, McQueens and Cockspur, which are separated by the Savannah River near its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean. Cockspur Island contains the 19th century masonry fort, Fort Pulaski, and the monument’s visitor services and facilities and is primarily constructed with dredge material from the Savannah River. McQueens Island is almost entirely salt marsh habitat and most of its area is eligible federal wilderness, containing one of Georgia’s oyster recreational harvest areas (RHAs), Oyster Creek RHA. Both McQueens and Cockspur islands are designated as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Area (MPA), underscoring FOPU’s natural resource significance. Riverine, freshwater, and estuarine wetlands cover 83.81% of FOPU, with the latter accounting for almost 99% of all monument wetlands. Persistently emergent vegetation of smooth cordgrasses (Spartina spp.) and unconsolidated shore represent the dominant wetland types. McQueens Island estuarine wetlands were evaluated for 11 functions and were rated primarily as high functioning, except for the wetland north of Highway 80, where the causeway has altered its ability to function properly. The wetland west of the Highway 80 bend is composed of unconsolidated material so was rated as moderately functioning in carbon sequestration, retention of sediments, and shore stabilization. In contrast, the unconsolidated shore wetland in the Oyster Creek RHA, where the highest concentration of FOPU’s oysters occurs, were rated high for all expected wetland functions. In 2013, over 75% of the total oyster area from within four of Georgia’s RHAs was in the Oyster Creek RHA. A spectral analysis of oyster density in Oyster Creek RHA, comparing 2013 and 2018 images, reported an increase in the high-density class, a decrease in the moderate-low class, and an increase in the no oyster class, with the latter likely a function of how oyster areas were drawn between the images. A successful 2013 enhanced reef project in Oyster Creek RHA reported a pre-enhancement oyster area of 2.68 m2 (28.8 ft2) that increased to 894.2 m2 (0.22 ac) of oysters by 2018. FOPU’s extensive salt marsh habitat and beaches provide critical food sources and habitat for shorebirds in the Atlantic Flyway, especially during the pre-breeding season. The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), and the federally threatened rufa subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) are identified as high priority species in the flyway and have been observed on Cockspur Island during the Manomet International Shorebird Surveys (2019–2022) at FOPU. The USFWS (2023) is seeking additional critical habitat designation, which will include Cockspur Island, for the rufa subspecies of Red Knot, whose estimated population abundance trend is declining throughout its entire range. FOPU’s non-wetland, upland habitat is primarily located on Cockspur Island and supports vegetation that can serve as host, roost and/or nectar plants for pollinators, especially butterflies. Cedar–Live Oak–Cabbage Palmetto (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola–Q. virginiana–Sabal palmetto) Marsh Hammock and Cabbage Palmetto Woodland contain the most diversity of beneficial butterfly plants. While a comprehensive butterfly inventory is needed, fall migration surveys have recorded three target species of the Butterflies of the Atlantic Flyway (BAFA): monarch (Danaus plexippus), gulf fritillary (Agraulis vanillae), and cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae). Collectively, FOPU’s natural resources are affected by the sea level, which has risen by 0.35 m (1.15 ft) from 1935 to 2022. Hardened shorelines, such as causeways or armored structures, are identified as the greatest threat to the salt marsh habitat’s ability to migrate upland with continued sea level rise. Erosion along Cockspur Island’s north shore is an ongoing issue and FOPU managers have been working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop solutions to address the erosion, while also creating habitat for shorebirds. Several agencies routinely monitor for water and sediment pollution in and around FOPU, which, if managed collectively, can inform landscape-level management actions to address drivers that are influencing resource conditions at the ecosystem level.
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Citovsky, Vitaly, et Yedidya Gafni. Suppression of RNA Silencing by TYLCV During Viral Infection. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592126.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Israeli isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV-Is) is a major tomato pathogen, causing extensive (up to 100%) crop losses in Israel and in the south-eastern U.S. (e.g., Georgia, Florida). Surprisingly, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV-Is interactions with tomato cells. In the current BARD project, we have identified a TYLCV-Is protein, V2, which acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing, and showed that V2 interacts with the tomato (L. esculentum) member of the SGS3 (LeSGS3) protein family known to be involved in RNA silencing. This proposal will use our data as a foundation to study one of the most intriguing, yet poorly understood, aspects of TYLCV-Is interactions with its host plants – possible involvement of the host innate immune system, i.e., RNA silencing, in plant defense against TYLCV-Is and the molecular pathway(s) by which TYLCV-Is may counter this defense. Our project sought two objectives: I. Study of the roles of RNA silencing and its suppression by V2 in TYLCV-Is infection of tomato plants. II. Study of the mechanism by which V2 suppresses RNA silencing. Our research towards these goals has produced the following main achievements: • Identification and characterization of TYLCV V2 protein as a suppressor of RNA silencing. (#1 in the list of publications). • Characterization of the V2 protein as a cytoplasmic protein interacting with the plant protein SlSGS3 and localized mainly in specific, not yet identified, bodies. (#2 in the list of publications). • Development of new tools to study subcellular localization of interacting proteins (#3 in the list of publications). • Characterization of TYLCV V2 as a F-BOX protein and its possible role in target protein(s) degradation. • Characterization of TYLCV V2 interaction with a tomato cystein protease that acts as an anti-viral agent. These research findings provided significant insights into (I) the suppression of RNA silencing executed by the TYLCV V2 protein and (II) characterization some parts of the mechanism(s) involved in this suppression. The obtained knowledge will help to develop specific strategies to attenuate TYLCV infection, for example, by blocking the activity of the viral suppressor of gene silencing thus enabling the host cell silencing machinery combat the virus.
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Quak, Evert-jan. Russia’s Approach to Civilians in the Territories it Controls. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.041.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the approach used by the Russian government to provide any support or services to civilians in the territories it controls. The rapid review concludes that Russia provides economic, social, government, and military support to de facto states that it controls, such as Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria and the Donbas region. Russia covers large parts of the state’s budget of these separatist regions. This review uses the term aid referring to a wide range of support, such as humanitarian, social safety nets, basic services, infrastructure, state development, and security. Due to the lack of transparency on the Russian aid money that flows into the regions that are the subject of this review, it is impossible to show disaggregated data, but rather a broader overview of Russian aid to these regions. Russia used humanitarian aid and assistance to provide for civilians. During armed conflict it provided, to some extent, food, and medicines to the people. However, from the literature Russia has used humanitarian aid and assistance as an instrument to pursue broader policy goals that could not be defined as humanitarian in nature. Russia often relied on the language of humanitarianism to strengthen its credentials as a neutral and impartial actor and to justify its continued support for the residents and de facto authorities of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, to secure its aim to strengthen the political and social ties with these regions while weakening their allegiance to Georgia and Moldova. As the humanitarian activities to the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine demonstrate, the Russian state is not willing to allow scrutiny of their humanitarian aid by independent organisations. Mistrust, corruption, and the use of aid for propaganda, even smuggling arms into the separatist region, are commonly mentioned by trusted sources. After a conflict becomes more stabilised, Russia’s humanitarian aid becomes more of a long-term strategic “friendship”, often sealed in a treaty to integrate the region into the Russian sphere, such as the cases of South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Transnistria clearly show. Although all these separatist regions rely on Russia (economically, politically, and through Russia’s military presence), this does not mean that they always do exactly what Russia wants, which is particularly the case for Abkhazia and Transnistria.