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1
Huggett, Jennifer M. « Geology and wine : a review ». Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 117, no 2 (janvier 2006) : 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(06)80012-x.
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Maltman, Alex. « The Role of Vineyard Geology in Wine Typicity ». Journal of Wine Research 19, no 1 (mars 2008) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571260802163998.
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Santos, Erico Albuquerque dos, Luana Moreira Florisbal, Arcângelo Loss, Marcell Leonard Besser et Denilson Dortzbach. « Geology and Wine 15. Producing Wine at Altitude : The Terroir of São Joaquim, Brazil ». Geoscience Canada 45, no 3-4 (28 janvier 2019) : 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.139.
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The municipality of São Joaquim, located in the Planalto Catarinense viticultural region, is the coldest wine-growing region of Brazil, and contains the highest-altitude vineyards in the country. These vineyards were established within the last 20 years, so this is a young and still-developing viticultural region. Information on the terroir of São Joaquim is needed in order to identify potential vineyard sites and to help improve the viticulture in the region. This work aims to characterize the terroir of São Joaquim, where wines are produced from grapes cultivated above 900 m of altitude, through a description and analysis of meteorological, physiographic, pedological, geological and viticultural factors. With respect to these factors, the São Joaquim region presents the following characteristics:1 It has an annual mean temperature of 13ºC, annual mean precipitation of 1680 mm/year and an annual mean solar radiation of 1832 hours/year.2 It has altitudes between 715–1638 m and generally steep slopes, 43% of the slopes have declivities between 20–45% and show no preferred orientation.3 It has both deep (> 150 cm) and shallow (< 100 cm) soils with clayey texture, an average pH (water) between 4.68–5.52 and an average soil organic matter (SOM) content of 6%.4 It is underlain by two units of volcanic rocks. These are a mafic unit (50.53–55.09 wt.% SiO2) and a felsic unit (66.58–70.12 wt.% SiO2). The mafic unit tends to consist of thicker flows than the felsic unit and is characterized by generally steeper slopes.5 There is a correlation between the geological unit and the soil types, in which thicker inceptsols are preferentially developed on the mafic volcanic rocks and thinner entisols are preferentially developed on the felsic volcanic rocks.6 Currently, the region produces more than 27 grape varieties planted mostly on the Paulsen 1103 rootstock. The existing vineyards are mostly underlain by the mafic volcanic unit in areas of steep north-facing slopes. This preliminary study suggests that there are correlations between the bedrock, the soils that they give rise to and the declivities of the slopes. Knowledge of these relationships should assist in the evaluation and planning of future grape and wine production.RÉSUMÉLa commune de São Joaquim, située dans la région viticole de Planalto Catarinense, est la région viticole la plus froide du Brésil et abrite les vignobles les plus élevés du pays. Ces vignobles ont été établis au cours des 20 dernières années; c’est donc une région viticole jeune et en développement. Des informations sur le terroir de São Joaquim sont requises pour identifier les sites viticoles potentiels et contribuer à l’amélioration de la viticulture dans la région. Ce travail vise à caractériser le terroir de São Joaquim, où les vins sont produits à partir de raisins cultivés à plus de 900 m d’altitude, au moyen d’une description et d’une analyse des facteurs météorologiques, physiographiques, pédologiques, géologiques et viticoles. En ce qui concerne ces facteurs, la région de São Joaquim présente les caractéristiques suivantes:1 Sa température moyenne annuelle est de 13ºC, ses précipitations moyennes annuelles de1680 mm/an et son rayonnement solaire moyen annuel de 1832 heures/an.2 Son altitude est comprise entre 715 et 1638 m et ses pentes généralement abruptes. 43% des pentes ont des déclivités comprises entre 20 et 45% et ne présentent aucune orientation préférentielle.3 Ses sols sont profonds (> 150 cm) et peu profonds (<100 cm) de texture argileuse, avec un pH moyen (eau) compris entre 4,68 et 5,52 et une teneur moyenne en matière organique du sol (MOS) de 6%.4 Elle repose sur deux unités de roches volcaniques. Il s’agit d’une unité mafique (50,53 à 55,09 % en poids de SiO2) et d’une unité felsique (66,58 à 70,12 % en poids de SiO2). L’unité mafique est généralement constituée de coulées plus épaisses que l’unité felsique et se caractérise par des pentes généralement plus raides.5 Il existe une corrélation entre unité géologique et types de sol, dans lesquels des inceptsols plus épais sont préférentiellement développés sur les roches volcaniques mafiques et des entisols plus minces sont préférentiellement développés sur les roches volcaniques felsiques.6 La région produit actuellement plus de 27 cépages principalement plantés sur le porte-greffe Paulsen 1103. Les vignobles existants reposent principalement sur l’unité volcanique mafique dans des zones de pentes abruptes exposées au nord. Cette étude préliminaire suggère qu’il existe des corrélations entre la lithologie, les sols qu’elles engendrent et les déclivités des pentes. La connaissance de ces relations devrait faciliter l’évaluation et la planification de la production future de raisins et de vin.
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Ferretti, Carlo G., et Stefano Febbroni. « Terroir Traceability in Grapes, Musts and Gewürztraminer Wines from the South Tyrol Wine Region ». Horticulturae 8, no 7 (28 juin 2022) : 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070586.
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This study arose from the need to relate specific terroir aspects with experienced sensory properties of Gewürztraminer wines from Tramin (northern Italy). A multidisciplinary approach was used to investigate seven vineyards’ ecological characteristics, including geology and geographical features. A geopedological method using Vineyard Geological Identity (VGI) and Solar Radiation Identity (SRI) for topoclimatic classification, as well as multi-parameter measuring stations of air and soils, elicited analytical data for qualitative and quantitative terroir characterisations. Furthermore, wide-ranging and targeted oenological and chemical analyses were conducted on grapes, musts and wines to correlate their biochemical compositions with the measured terroir conditions. The study identified strong connections between vineyard geo-identity and wine mineral fingerprint, confirming mineral traceability of Rb/Sr ratio and of some minerals common to the local geology, such as Ba, Rb, Mn and Be. In particular, the most differing geo-mineral and physical soil conditions of two studied vineyards are apparent in the oenological components, flavours and aromas of their musts and finished wines. Amino acids, primary varietal aromas and polyphenols, thiol compounds with tropical scents, phenolic compounds with spicy notes and terpenic compounds, such as geraniol and citronellol, were related differently between fine-textured, more siliceous soils of glacial origin and coarser-textured, more dolomitic soils of local debris flow origin.
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Nocera, Francesco, Rosa Caponetto, Giada Giuffrida et Maurizio Detommaso. « Energetic Retrofit Strategies for Traditional Sicilian Wine Cellars : A Case Study ». Energies 13, no 12 (22 juin 2020) : 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123237.
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Sicily is characterized by rural buildings, Palmenti, destined to wine production, which are scattered along the countryside and part of the local historical heritage. There are different types of rural buildings, but all have in common the use of ancient and well-established bioclimatic techniques for wine conservation and aging. Most of them were built with the double function of living space for the owner and productive spaces for all the activities correlated to the cultivations. Indeed, many rural houses, destined to the wine production, are characterized by wineries and wine cellars (the first for the wine production, the second to store the wine for the aging process). The growing production of high-quality Sicilian wines, very appreciated all over the world, leads to upgrade the ancient Palmenti to seek optimal hygrothermal conditions and, therefore, to guarantee high performance of the produced and stored wines. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the retrofit measures taken to comply with the energy regulations could affect the thermal behavior of a wine cellar constructed with consolidated bioclimatic technics. The results show the importance of not insulating the solid ground floor for maintaining suitable temperatures for the fermentation and aging of wine. This study can be useful for future analysis when comparing the optimal hygrothermal conditions of wine cellars located in homogeneous viticultural areas (with same climate, geology, soil, physical features, and height) in other parts of the world.
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Richardson, Justin B., et Jahziel K. Chase. « Transfer of Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Toxic Elements from Soil to Grapes to White Wines in Uncontaminated Vineyards ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 24 (16 décembre 2021) : 13271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413271.
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Wine is a popular beverage and may be a source of nutrient and toxic elements during human consumption. Here, we explored the variation in nutrient and toxic elements from soils to grape berries and commercial white wines (Chardonnay) at five USA vineyards (New York, Vermont, California, Virginia) with strongly contrasting geology, soils, and climates. Samples were analyzed for macronutrients (Ca, K, and Mg), micronutrients (Mn, Cu, and Zn), and toxic elements (As, Cd, and Pb). Our study showed contrasting macronutrient, micronutrient, and toxic element concentrations in soils and in vines, leaves, and grapes. However, plant tissue concentrations did not correspond with total soil concentrations, suggesting a disconnect governing their accumulation. Bioconcentration factors for soil to grape berry transfer suggest the accumulation of Ca, K and Mg in berries while Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb were generally not accumulated in our study or in previous studies. Wines from the five vineyards studied had comparable nutrient, micronutrient, and toxic metal concentrations as wines from Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Croatia, Czech Republic, and Japan. The transfer of nutrients and toxic elements from grape berries to wine indicated that only Ca, K, and Mg were added or retained while concentrations of all other micronutrients and toxic elements were somewhat to extensively diminished. Thus, there appears to be a substantial effect on the geochemistry of the wine from the grape from either the fermentation process (i.e., flocculation), or a dilution effect. We conclude that soils, geology, and climate do not appear to generate a unique geochemical terroir as the transfer and concentration of inorganic nutrients appear to be comparable across strongly contrasting vineyards. This has several implications for human health. Nutrients in wine have potential impacts for human nutrition, as wine can meet or exceed the recommended dietary requirements of Ca, K, Mg, and Fe, and toxic metals As and Pb concentrations were also non-trivial.
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Korotkikh, E. A., I. V. Novikova, M. V. Pokrovskiy, T. V. Avtina, N. V. Korotkikh et M. Y. Pimkin. « Study of the possibility of obtaining quality wines from grapes of the Central Black Earth Region ». Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no 1 (22 février 2022) : 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-167-173.
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Currently, import substitution, the presence of domestic quality products on the market, including alcoholic beverages, is an urgent direction in the food industry The technical grape variety "Isabella" is one of the most widespread in the Central Black Earth Region (CBER). The purpose of the work is to popularize the culture of wine consumption and saturate the food market of the CBER with high-quality wine materials and finished products. Objects of research were: five samples of the technical grape variety "Isabella" grown in different territories of the Voronezh, Belgorod, Lipetsk regions of the CBER: five samples of wine prepared from the above raw materials by the «red» method. When collecting grape raw materials, they were guided by the conditions of sugar content and acidity. The processing of grapes, the production of wine materials and finished wine was carried out according to the technological scheme for red table wine. As a result, the possibility of using the technical grape variety "Isabella" grown in the CBER is shown. The conditions of all five samples of grapes corresponded to the standards adopted in the wine production. According to the basic physico-chemical parameters, the obtained wine samples corresponded to the standards adopted for ordinary red semi-sweet wines. The evaluation of wine samples according to the indicator "Quantitative determination of trans-resveratrol" revealed a sample containing trans-resveratrol - a sample of wine № 4 obtained from grapes of the variety "Isabella" growing in the Lipetsk region, the city of Gryazi, Gryazinsky district. The content of trans-resveratrol in it was 0.143 mg/dm3. Resveratrol, having antioxidant activity, is of the greatest interest among biomolecules with nutraceutical properties in red wine. The separation and identification of trans-resveratrol was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a detector on a diode matrix (DAD-3000 model, Thermo Scientific). The calibration curve was constructed using a standard sample at increasing concentrations. Further development of research are: to develop the technology of terroir wine, which differs from other wines produced in other geographical latitudes with appearance, taste, aroma, which will be formed due to the influence of external factors.
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Skinner, William. « Wine, geology mapping and the value of place in McLaren Vale ». Australian Journal of Anthropology 31, no 1 (avril 2020) : 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/taja.12346.
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Retallack, Gregory J., et Scott F. Burns. « The effects of soil on the taste of wine ». GSA Today 26, no 5 (1 mai 2016) : 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/gsatg260a.1.
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Coldwell, Beverley C., Nemesio M. Pérez, Maria Cordero Vaca, Matthew J. Pankhurst, Pedro A. Hernández, Gladys V. Melián Rodriguez, Eleazar Padrón, María Asensio-Ramos, Sara Ribeiro et José Francisco Santos. « Strontium Isotope Systematics of Tenerife Wines (Canary Islands) : Tracing Provenance in Ocean Island Terroir ». Beverages 8, no 1 (1 février 2022) : 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages8010009.
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The production of fraudulent goods remains widespread and economically damaging. The high value of the wine industry makes it particularly vulnerable, and a number of geochemical methods have been developed to ensure traceability and identification of origin. Here, strontium (Sr) isotope data on wines from five defined regions in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) show that the young volcanic geology imparts a clearly identifiable low 87Sr/86Sr signature (<0.7072). These values discriminate Tenerife wines from mainland Spanish and continental European produce, as these are much more radiogenic in general. However, unlike continental wine regions, wines from Tenerife show small but ubiquitous enrichments in 87Sr/86Sr above what is expected in the soils. Bentonite addition has not affected the 87Sr/86Sr signatures, with white wines at lower Sr concentrations than red wines in all regions. A number of natural contributions to the terroir are evaluated in relation to Tenerife’s unique combination of geology and geography. Atmospheric precipitation (rainfall) is likely a dominant influence on Sr isotope systematics in northern Denominación de Origen regions, and evaporation may play a role in buffering signatures in southern regions. Other natural additions of 87Sr are not precluded at a local scale, given the large range in climatic conditions of island terroir and known input of mineral dust from Africa. Despite natural explanations affecting the overall small shift observed, there are clear outliers with considerably higher 87Sr/86Sr and Sr concentration. This confirms the utility of Sr isotope systematics for oceanic-island viticulture and demonstrates the use of young volcanic soils for tracing natural inputs that may be masked in other regions.
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Karakis, Snejana, Barry Cameron et William Kean. « Geology and Wine 14. Terroir of Historic Wollersheim Winery, Lake Wisconsin American Viticultural Area ». Geoscience Canada 43, no 4 (15 décembre 2016) : 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2016.43.107.
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The viticultural history of Wisconsin started in the 1840s, with the very first vine plantings by Hungarian Agoston Haraszthy on the Wollersheim Winery property located in the Lake Wisconsin American Viticultural Area (AVA). This study examines the terroir of historic Wollersheim Winery, the only winery within the confines of the Lake Wisconsin AVA, to understand the interplay of environmental factors influencing the character and quality as well as the variability of Wollersheim wines. Soil texture, chemistry, and mineralogy in conjunction with precision viticulture tools such as electromagnetic induction and electrical resistivity tomography surveys, are utilized in the Wollersheim Winery terroir characterization and observation of spatially variable terroir at the vineyard scale. Establishing and comparing areas of variability at the plot level for two specific vineyard plots (Domaine Reserve and Lot 19) at Wollersheim Winery provides insight into the effects of soil properties and land characteristics on grape and wine production using precision viticulture tools. The viticultural future of Wisconsin looks quite favorable, as the number of wineries keeps rising to meet the demand for Wisconsin wine and local consumption. As climate change continues to affect the grape varieties cultivated across the world’s wine regions, more opportunities arise for Wisconsin to cultivate cool-climate European varieties, in addition to the American and French–American hybrid varieties currently dominating grape production in this glacially influenced wine region.RÉSUMÉL'histoire viticole du Wisconsin a commencé dans les années 1840, avec les premières plantations de vigne par le Hongrois Agoston Haraszthy sur la propriété du vignoble Wollersheim situé dans la région de l’American Viticultural Area (AVA) du lac Wisconsin. Cette étude porte sur le terroir historique du vignoble Wollersheim, le seul à l'intérieur de l’AVA du lac Wisconsin, qui soit soumis à l'interaction des facteurs environnementaux qui influencent le caractère, la qualité et la variabilité des vins Wollersheim. La caractérisation et l’observation des variations spatiales du terroir à l’échelle du vignoble Wollersheim se font par l’étude de la texture du sol, sa chimie et sa minéralogie en conjonction avec des outils de viticulture de précision comme l'induction électromagnétique et la tomographie par résistivité électrique. En définissant des zones de variabilité au niveau de la parcelle et en les comparant pour deux parcelles de vignobles spécifiques (domaine Reserve et lot 19) du vignoble Wollersheim on peut mieux comprendre les effets des propriétés du sol et des caractéristiques du paysage sur la production de raisin et de vin. Le nombre de vignoble augmentant pour répondre à la demande de vin du Wisconsin et à la demande locale, l'avenir viticole du Wisconsin semble assez prometteur. Comme le changement climatique continue d'influer sur la variétés des cépages cultivés dans les régions viticoles du monde, c’est l’occasion pour le Wisconsin de cultiver des variétés européennes de climat frais, en plus des variétés hybrides américaines et franco–américaines qui dominent actuellement la production de raisin dans ce vin glaciaire région.
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Harrison, D. J. « Terroir : the role of geology, climate and culture in the making of French wine ». Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 33, no 4 (novembre 2000) : 350.1–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh.33.4.350.
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Candia, Gabriel, Miguel Jaimes, Cesar Arredondo, Juan Carlos de la Llera et Philomène Favier. « Seismic Vulnerability of Wine Barrel Stacks ». Earthquake Spectra 32, no 4 (novembre 2016) : 2495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/111915eqs174m.
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Recent earthquakes have shown that wine barrel stacks are highly susceptible to collapse, leading to large economic losses, downtime, and longer recovery periods. This study presents a methodology using a probabilistic approach for estimating the fragility functions and economic losses in barrel stacks. The seismic response of these systems was determined from the dynamic equilibrium equations that describe the position and orientation of each element. The analysis considered ground motions scaled at different intensity levels and different barrel stack configurations; the simulations enabled reproducing the most common collapse mechanisms observed in the field and in shaking table experiments. From a statistical analysis of the results, vulnerability functions were evaluated as the probability of being within a specific damage state for a given ground motion intensity. Additional numerical simulations were performed to study the effects of the inherent uncertainty of the interface parameters controlling the dynamic response and collapse sequence of the barrel stacks. Furthermore, this methodology was used to evaluate the impact effect and improvement of a base isolation solution as a damage mitigation measure.
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Sissakian, Varoujan, Lanja Abdullah et Balanbo Abdulkareem. « Geomorphological Study of Sulaymaniyah Vicinity Using Satellite Images, Kurdistan Region, Iraq ». Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no 2D (31 octobre 2022) : 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.2d.4ms-2022-10-20.
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Visual interpretation of satellite images is a very significant technique to recognize and interpret geomorphological features. We have used Esri World Imagery and Google Earth images to recognize geomorphological features at Pira Magroon, Surdash, and Azmar anticlines in Sulaymaniyah vicinity, Kurdistan Region, north of Iraq. The mentioned anticlines are outstanding geomorphological features in the Sulaymaniyah vicinity. The recognized and interpreted geomorphological features include: wine glasses, water gaps, wind gaps, abandoned and recent alluvial fans, different types of valleys, flat irons, karstification features …etc. All these features were discussed in detail with many images to show the discussed cases, most of the interpreted data and presented figures were never mentioned previously.
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Gamble, Clive, et Robert Kruszynski. « John Evans, Joseph Prestwich and the stone that shattered the time barrier ». Antiquity 83, no 320 (1 juin 2009) : 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00098574.
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It all began in a railway carriage. Two businessmen, travelling to the Kingston Assizes in Surrey, nodded to each other as strangers do, but did not strike up a conversation. They were expert witnesses appearing for different sides in the Croydon Water Question; a legal test case that boiled down to who owned the undergroundwaters of London (Mather 2008: 83–4). Joseph Prestwich (Figure 1a), the older by 11 years, represented the water suppliers. As the train rattled along under full steam he would have seen landmarks from his pioneering geology of the London Basin. But water was not his business. His family ran a profitable wine importers. Geology, however, was his passion.
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Yazdanian, Mohsen, Jason Ingham, Christopher Kahanek, Nicholas Cradock-Henry, Joanna Fountain et Dmytro Dizhur. « ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE DATA COLLECTED FOR WINE STORAGE TANKS FOLLOWING THE 2013 AND 2016 NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES ». Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 53, no 2 (1 juin 2020) : 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.53.2.83-100.
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The 2013 Seddon earthquake (Mw 6.5), the 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake (Mw 6.6), and the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake (Mw 7.8) provided an opportunity to assemble the most extensive damage database to wine storage tanks ever compiled worldwide. An overview of this damage database is presented herein based on the in-field post-earthquake damage data collected for 2058 wine storage tanks (1512 legged tanks and 546 flat-based tanks) following the 2013 earthquakes and 1401 wine storage tanks (599 legged tanks and 802 flat-based tanks) following the 2016 earthquake. Critique of the earthquake damage database revealed that in 2013, 39% and 47% of the flat-based wine tanks sustained damage to their base shells and anchors respectively, while due to resilience measures implemented following the 2013 earthquakes, in the 2016 earthquake the damage to tank base shells and tank anchors of flat-based wine tanks was reduced to 32% and 23% respectively and instead damage to tank barrels (54%) and tank cones (43%) was identified as the two most frequently occurring damage modes for this type of tank. Analysis of damage data for legged wine tanks revealed that the frame-legs of legged wine tanks sustained the greatest damage percentage among different parts of legged tanks in both the 2013 earthquakes (40%) and in the 2016 earthquake (44%). Analysis of damage data and socio-economic findings highlight the need for industry-wide standards, which may have socio-economic implications for wineries.
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Moral, Francisco J., Francisco J. Rebollo, Luis L. Paniagua et Abelardo García-Martín. « A GIS-based multivariate clustering for characterization and ecoregion mapping from a viticultural perspective ». Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no 3 (31 août 2016) : e0206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016143-9323.
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In wine-growing regions, zoning studies define areas according to their potential to produce specific wines and also identify the key drivers behind their variability and optimize vineyard management for sustainable viticulture. However, delineation of homogeneous zones is difficult because of the complex combination of factors which could affect zone classifications. One possibility to capture potential variability is the use of natural environmental properties as they are related to success in grape growing. With the aim of characterizing the spatial variability of the main vine-related environmental variables and determining different zones, climate and topographical data were obtained for Extremadura (southwestern Spain), an important wine region. Firstly, accurate maps of all climate indices were generated by using regression-kriging as the most suitable algorithm in which exhaustive secondary information on elevation was incorporated, and maps of topography-derived variables were obtained using GIS (Geographical Information System) tools. Secondly, principal component analysis and multivariate geographic classification were used to define homogeneous classes, resulting in three zones. Each zone was further characterized by overlaying the zonation map with a geology map and all enviromental layers. It was obtained that although a wide part of the Extremaduran territory has warm climate characteristics, the zones have different viticultural potential and a high proportion of the region lays on suitable substrate. This zonation in Extremadura is the basis for further zoning studies at more detailed field scale and the modeling of vineyard response to climate change.
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Alexandre, Hervé. « Wine Yeast Terroir : Separating the Wheat from the Chaff—for an Open Debate ». Microorganisms 8, no 5 (25 mai 2020) : 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050787.
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Wine terroir is characterized by a specific taste and style influenced by the cultivar of the fermented grapes, geographical factors such as the vineyard, mesoclimate, topoclimate, and microclimate, soil geology and pedology, and the agronomic approach used. These characteristics together define the concept of “terroir”. Thus, regional distinctive flavors in wine have been the subject of many studies aimed at better understanding the link between the wine and the vineyard. Indeed, the identification of key environmental elements involved in the regional variation of grape and wine quality characteristics is a critical feature for improving wine production in terms of consumer preference and economic appreciation. Many studies have demonstrated the role of abiotic factors in grape composition and consequently in wine style. Biotic factors are also involved such as grape microbial communities. However, the occurrence and effects of region-specific microbiota in defining wine characteristics are more controversial issues. Indeed, several studies using high throughput sequencing technologies have made it possible to describe microbial communities and revealed a link between grape must and soil microbial communities, and the geography of the territory. Based on these observations, the concept of “microbial terroir” emerged. However, this concept has been subject to contradictory studies. The aim of this opinion article is to take a step back and examine in perspective the concept of microbial terroir, by comparing numerous data from different studies and providing arguments in favor of or against this concept to stimulate discussion and point out that experimental research is still needed to study the contribution of this assembly of microorganisms to the final product and to support or refute the concept.
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Jaimes, Miguel A., Gabriel Candia et Philomène Favier. « Cost-Benefit Analysis of Seismic Mitigation Measures for Wine Barrel Stacks ». Earthquake Spectra 34, no 1 (février 2018) : 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/111516eqs196m.
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This study conducts a cost-benefit analysis of alternative seismic risk mitigation methods for wine barrel stacks. The Chilean wine industry is presented as an illustrative case study in which performance metrics, such as the expected annual loss (EAL) and benefit-cost ratios, are computed for wineries at different locations. By computing seismic risk within a consistent framework, this study shows the value of cost-benefit simulations for defining the best mitigation strategies and allocating economic resources. Likewise, this approach helps communicate information to decision makers because it is presented in a simple and transparent way, even if they are not familiar with formal risk studies. For three-level wine barrel stacks, it was observed that the Cradle Extender® (MS1) prevents a large number of barrel collapses and provides the highest benefit-cost ratio. On the other hand, for six-level wine barrel stacks, the prestressed cable (MS2) is more effective than MS1 as it prevents the barrel stack from overturning. No significant loss reduction is apparent in four- and five-level wine barrel stacks with the use of mitigation strategies; indeed, the mitigation strategies could generate greater losses and, therefore, other alternatives must be proposed.
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Sissakian, Varoujan, Ala Ghafur, Hassan Omer et Hawkar Abdulhaq. « The Structural and Geomorphic Forms of Ranya Vicinity as Deduced from Satellite Images Data, Kurdistan Region, Northeast Iraq ». Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no 2F (31 décembre 2022) : 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.2f.12ms-2022-12-27.
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The structural forms (folds and faults) in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region exhibit more complexity in the northern and northeastern parts of the region; accordingly, complicated geomorphic forms were developed too. This is attributed to the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates with a convergent boundary that runs about 35 – 40 km northeast of the studied area. Many long and tight anticlines exist in the studied area, the majority of them exhibit very complex forms, such as being faulted and their axes being bent. The main characteristic structural and Geomorphic recognized forms based on the interpretation of high-quality satellite images are: Domes, en-echelon plunges, overturned beds, faulted anticlinal and synclinal axes, abandoned and recent alluvial fans, water and wind gaps, wine glasses, and different valley shapes. The recognized structural forms are quite different from those previously presented on the geological maps of different scales, and the forms are good indications for the lateral growth of the anticlines. A Field check was carried out to check some ambiguous interpreted data and to confirm the new findings.
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Zareian, Farzin, Carlos Sampere, Victor Sandoval, David L. McCormick, Jack Moehle et Roberto Leon. « Reconnaissance of the Chilean Wine Industry Affected by the 2010 Chile Offshore Maule Earthquake ». Earthquake Spectra 28, no 1_suppl1 (juin 2012) : 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000048.
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This paper summarizes the EERI reconnaissance team findings on damage to the Chilean wine industry after the 27 February 2010 Offshore Maule Earthquake. Wine production is one of the major industries in Chile, with an annual production of approximately one million metric tons. It is estimated that the total loss to the wine industry is over 125 million liters, with infrastructure damage estimated as high as US$430. Most of the damage was concentrated in older wineries with collapse of adobe walls and timber roofs or ribbed brick vaults. Damage to steel fermentation tanks was widespread among all wineries visited with the severity of such damage depending on the type of tank anchorage. Local buckling of legs in legged tanks or excessive movement followed by the tank falling off the support pad led to toppling that ruptured piping or valves. Stacked barrels, stored bottles of wine, and production lines were also damaged.
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Krivenko, E. I. « Monitoring the state and prospects of development of the industrial market segment and the production sector of the national economy ». Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no 2 (27 septembre 2021) : 320–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-2-320-335.
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The production sectors and markets of the dairy and grape-wine sectors are of great strategic importance not only for the sustainable and balanced functioning of the entire consumer segment, but also for ensuring the food and national security of our country at the proper level. At the beginning of the study, an analysis of the development of domestic dairy production in historical retrospect was carried out. Further, a multifactorial assessment of the main problems and risk situations inherent in modern dairy production was carried out. In particular, it was found that today one of the key constraining factors for the sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian Federation is the lack of a clear organization and effective work in the field of reproductive and breeding farming. They also identified internal reasons that hinder the development of domestic dairy farming and identified strategic directions in the context of the organization of high-tech enterprises in the field of dairy cattle breeding. Further, the assessment of the milk and dairy products market itself was carried out (the dynamics of production and consumption, the balance of imports and exports, the level of self-sufficiency, prices, main producers, the structure of production by categories of farms). In addition, the issue related to the loss of milk in the areas of production and consumption was worked out. The key factors that will influence the development of the domestic industry market in the short term are identified. The assessment of the world market of milk and dairy products (production volumes, consumption, market leaders, strategic goals, tasks and development scenarios in the long term) was carried out. The monitoring of the grape and wine sector included the following estimated parameters (the volume of grape harvest, the area of vineyard planting, sales of wine products, the main problems and factors constraining sustainable development). In particular, special attention was paid to the problem of illegal use of imported wine material. In conclusion, a set of state initiative solutions was proposed in order to give a stable trend to the development of the domestic wine industry.
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Sisto, Mchele, Angelo Cusano, Antonio Di Lisio et Filippo Russo. « Preliminary observations on the main geographical and climatic characteristics of the Taurasi DOCG wine district in Irpinia (Southern Italy) ». Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 58 (novembre 2022) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/rol.2022.12.
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Santana, Allan M., Tiago M. Freire, Francisco L. F. da Silva, Fernando L. Menezes, Lauren L. Ramos, Giovanna R. Cavalcante, Lillian M. U. D. Fechine et al. « Organophosphorus halloysite nanotubes as adsorbent for lead preconcentration in wine and grape juice ». Applied Clay Science 200 (janvier 2021) : 105912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105912.
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Mihaljevič, Martin, Vojtěch Ettler, Ondřej Šebek, Ladislav Strnad et Vladislav Chrastný. « Lead isotopic signatures of wine and vineyard soils—tracers of lead origin ». Journal of Geochemical Exploration 88, no 1-3 (janvier 2006) : 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.025.
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Adhitya, Bagus, Hari Wiki Utama, Anggi Deliana Siregar, Magdalena Ritonga et Yulia Morsa Said. « Pembuatan maket geologi struktur sebagai bahan ajar di Jurusan Teknik Kebumian Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Jambi ». Transformasi : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 17, no 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/transformasi.v17i2.4020.
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[Bahasa]: Geologi Struktur adalah salah satu mata kuliah yang ada pada kurikulum Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Teknik Pertambangan dan Teknik Geofisika yang dikelola oleh Jurusan Teknik Kebumian. Mata kuliah ini mempelajari bentukan atau struktur batuan penyusun kerak bumi, arsitektur batuan penyusun kerak bumi, dan bagaimana proses pembentukan struktur geologi. Identifikasi masalah yang ditemui adalah belum optimalnya hasil pembelajaran pada mata kuliah geologi struktur pada masa pandemi karena tidak adanya alat praktikum yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan kegiatan observasi lapangan. Di sisi lain observasi lapangan terhadap struktur geologi secara langsung sulit untuk dilaksanakan dan memiliki resiko yang cukup besar. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dilakukan pembuatan maket geologi struktur taman bumi (Geopark) Merangin, Jambi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membuat maket geologi struktur sebagai bahan ajar yang dapat menjadi alternatif pembelajaran dan praktikum pengukuran struktur dasar di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra adalah metode problem solving. Dari hasil pengukuran strike & dip diperoleh kedudukan pada sayap kiri lipatan maket geologi struktur berarah N 218oE/38o (Barat Daya) sedangkan pada sayap kanan lipatan maket geologi struktur berarah N 25oE/24o (Timur Laut). Maket geologi yang dibuat memiliki struktur berupa antiklin dengan bagian tengah mengalami pergeseran karena struktur sesar. Hasil analisis data struktur sesar merupakan sesar mendatar naik kanan, dengan kedudukan bidang sesar N 42°E/66°, Plunge/Bearing 80°N 87°E, dan Rake 45°. Pembuatan maket geologi struktur sangat bemanfaat dalam menambah pemahaman mahasiswa pada mata kuliah geologi struktur. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui pengukuran struktur dasar sebelum terjun ke lapangan secara langsung sehingga mereka akan lebih siap saat melakukan kuliah lapangan.
Kata Kunci: maket geologi struktur, bahan ajar, geopark Merangin
[English]: Structural Geology is one of the courses in the curriculum of Geological Engineering, Mining Engineering, and Geophysical Engineering managed by the Department of Earth Engineering. This course studies the formation or structure of the rocks that make up the earth's crust, the architecture of the rocks that make up the earth's crust, and how the geological structure is formed. The problems identified were the non-optimal learning outcomes in the structural geology course during the pandemic and the absence of practical tools that can be used for field observation activities. On the other hand, field observations of geological structures directly are very difficult to carry out and have great risks. The solution to this problem is to make a geological structure scale model of the Earth Park (Geopark) Merangin, Jambi. This community service program aims to create structural geology mockups as teaching materials that can be alternative learning and practicum for measuring basic structures during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this program was problem-solving. From the result of the strike and dip measurement, the position was obtained on the left-wing of the geological model fold of the structure withN N 218oE/38o direction (Southwest). While on the right-wing of the geological model fold of the structure, the direction was N 218oE/38o (Northeast). The developed geological scale model has a structure in the form of an anticline with the center shifting due to the fault. Data analysis resulted in the position of the fault plane N 42°E/66°, Plunge/Bearing 80°N 87°E, and Rake 45°. Making a structural geology scale model is very useful in increasing students' understanding of the structural geology course. They can know the measurement of basic structures before going to the field directly so that the students will be better prepared when doing the field trip.
Keywords: structural geology mockup, teaching materials, merangin geopark
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Tomic, Nemanja, Jelena Kokovic, Darko Jaksic, Jordana Ninkov, Jovica Vasin, Marko Malicanin et Slobodan Markovic. « Terroir of the Tri Morave wine region (Serbia) as a basis for producing wines with geographical indication ». Geographica Pannonica 21, no 3 (2017) : 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/geopan1703166t.
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Carey, Victoria Anne, Dawid Saayman, Eben Archer, Gérard Barbeau et Mike Wallace. « Viticultural terroirs in Stellenbosch, South Africa. I. The identification of natural terroir units ». OENO One 42, no 4 (31 décembre 2008) : 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2008.42.4.809.
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: A natural terroir unit (NTU) can be defined as a unit of land that is characterized by relatively homogenous topography, climate, geological substrate and soil. The mapping of NTUs is the first stage of data acquisition in a terroir study. This study aimed to identify NTUs using a Geographic Information System and to characterize the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District using existing digital information at the scale of a wine producing district.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: The study area is bordered by mountains, situated close to the Atlantic Ocean and bisected by the Eerste river valley, resulting in notable spatial variation of all climatic parameters. The geology is complex due to the high degree of tectonic movement and mixing of parent material. Terrain morphological units, altitude, aspect and soil type were used as primary keys/variables for the identification of NTUs. Each of the identified units was further described with respect to the extent of the expected sea breeze effect and, for certain of the soil types, the associated parent material. A total of 1389 NTUs were identified in the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Many of the natural terroir units identified for the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District are of a size that is not economically or practically viable.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The natural terroir units should be grouped into larger, more manageable and thus more viable terroir units using data relating their viticultural and oenological potential. This task will be addressed in subsequent companion papers.</p>
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Mihaljevič, Martin, Vojtěch Ettler, David Hradil, Ondřej Šebek et Ladislav Strnad. « Dissolution of bentonite and release of rare earth elements at different solid/liquid ratios in a simulated wine purification process ». Applied Clay Science 31, no 1-2 (janvier 2006) : 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2005.07.003.
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Fuentes Pardo, José María, et Ignacio Cañas Guerrero. « Subterranean wine cellars of Central-Spain (Ribera de Duero) : An underground built heritage to preserve ». Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 21, no 5 (septembre 2006) : 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.07.004.
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Lugeri, Francesca R., Piero Farabollini, Nicola Lugeri, Vittorio Amadio et Fabio Baiocco. « “LANDSCApp” : a friendly way to share the Italian geo-heritage ». Acta Geoturistica 8, no 2 (20 décembre 2017) : 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agta-2017-0008.
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AbstractThe geological landscape is an excellent topic for a better enhancement of the sustainable tourism. Considering Landscape as the result of the endogenous and exogenous activities that form the Earth's surface, and/or as the result of the interaction of many natural and cultural components, it is almost mandatory the use of such a theme as an informative vector in Environment Sciences popularization. Modern technology offers new powerful tools to reach and share a complete knowledge on the territory (intended as the integration between natural and cultural components). The overlay of thematic maps (geological, geomorphological, physiographic maps) as well as the integration of collected data allows us to identify the areas of greater natural and cultural value. The outdoor sports, expecially cycling and ski, give us an opportunity to talk about the territory, referring to its natural and cultural history; GIS and 3D modelling, are flexible and friendly tools in educational plans as well as in territorial promotion, fitting for the purpose of a twinning with TV sport transmission, as confirmed by the GeoloGiro experience (Geology at the Giro d’Italia 2013/14/15/16). The prototypical App here proposed, will show the landscape where the sports are played, through the visualisation of thematic maps and correlated images (3D modelling, animation, cartoons) integrating information on local environment and culture: the “LandscApp”. We argue that special attention should be devoted to the link between landscapes, wine tourism and sports, and that this new field would spur new actions to promote sustainable development in Italy, as well as a more sensible culture of responsible wine consumption.
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Hulkower, Neal D. « ALEX MALTMAN : Vineyards, Rocks, & ; Soils : The Wine Lover's Guide to Geology. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 2018, 256 pp., ISBN : 978-0190863289 (hardback), $34.95. » Journal of Wine Economics 14, no 2 (mai 2019) : 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2019.19.
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Yoncheva, T., A. Iliev et F. Emurlova. « The influence of the vine rootstock on the agrobiological and technological characteristics of the Kaylashki Rubin variety ». Agricultural Science and Technology 14, no 4 (décembre 2022) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547//ast.2022.04.042.
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The rootstock had a significant impact on the quantity and quality of grapes of the varieties grafted on it. That had been determined by the different growth strength of the rootstocks, their different absorption capacity and compatibility with the cultivated vine. During the period 2017-2020, a study was carried out on the agrobiological and technological properties of grapes and wine of the Kaylashki Rubin variety, grafted on vine rootstocks SО4, 110 Rihter, 44-53 Malegue and Fercal. Differences in the investigated indicators were found as a result of the influence of the used rootstocks. A mechanical analysis was made to determine the composition and structure of the clusters and berries. For the period, the highest average yield per vine was reported for Fercal rootstock, while the best theoretical yield had the variant on 44-53 Malegue rootstock. The chemical composition of grapes and experimental wines had been determined. On the average for the period the highest sugar accumulation and respectively the lowest titratable acids in grapes were reported in the variant of 44-53 Malegue rootstock. The opposite relationship was observed for 110 Richter. Differences in the chemical composition of the wines depending on the used rootstocks were found. The wines from 44-53 Malegue variant had the highest average alcohol content and sugar-free extract, but the lowest rates of titratable acids. The average amounts of the total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in the wines from the variants of the different rootstocks were close. Their values were the lowest in the samples 2017 vintage. The rootstock type also affected the organoleptic properties of the Kaylashki Rubin wines; however, there was no common trend for the studied period. In 2018 and 2020, the samples from the 110 Rihter variant showed the best tasting qualities.
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Odrzywolska, Anna. « The Cultural Importance of Water from the Perspective of 16th Century Polish Medical Guides ». UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 23, no 2 (2022) : 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2022.2.1.
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Water had a special cultural significance in human life. Water was a cheap and widely available resource for everyone. Water has fulfilled a wide variety of functions over the centuries. People even believed in the magical properties of water. The water also had a symbolic effect - it cleansed the body from sins. However, it was during this period in Western Europe that drinking water was considered harmful to health. In spite of this, in the 16th century the poorest peasants and monks who lived the harsh monastery life were drinking water in Poland, also the monarchs from the Jagiellonian dynasty, who were afraid of poison, drank water. However, the richer social strata drank beer or, more rarely, wine. It was believed that stagnant water (in reservoirs) was spreading epidemics. The authors of medical guides claimed that drinking such water could cause infertility, dysentery and other diseases. Only boiling the water was a way to improve its properties. To eliminate the smell they were adding garlic, salt, and vinegar, the Tartars brought from Asia the custom of adding so-called Tatar herb, later called calamus, and other herbs (eg. mint, sage) were also added to the water.
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BRAY, J. ROGER. « Alpine glacial advance in relation to a proxy summer temperature index based mainly on wine harvest dates, A.D. 1453-1973 ». Boreas 11, no 1 (16 janvier 2008) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1982.tb00514.x.
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Jević, Goran, Jovan Popesku et Jelena Jević. « Analysis of motivating factors for visiting wineries in the Vršac wine region (Vojvodina, Serbia) ». Geographica Pannonica 24, no 1 (2020) : 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gp24-22781.
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Morris, Gareth J., Brendon A. Bradley, Adam Walker et Trevor Matuschka. « Ground motions and damage observations in the Marlborough region from the 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake ». Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 46, no 4 (31 décembre 2013) : 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.46.4.169-187.
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This paper presents various aspects of the preliminary damage observations caused by ground motions in the Marlborough region following the Mw6.6 Lake Grassmere earthquake on 16 August 2013. To emphasize the severity of the ground shaking, the observed pseudo-acceleration response spectra are compared to those from the 21 July 2013 Mw6.5 Cook Strait earthquake and the NZS1170.5:2004 design spectrum. The near-source damage to State Highway 1 roads, bridges and buildings is presented within. Stainless steel wine storage tanks showed various damage states that were consistent with observations from previous earthquake events. The performance of wine tanks and other winemaking infrastructure are discussed with future design considerations. Eleven water storage dams within 12 kilometres of the earthquake source were inspected and preliminary observations are discussed. A 250,000 cubic metre dam located 10 kilometres southwest of Seddon suffered moderate damage following the 21 July event while significant further damage was sustained following the 16 August event and emergency earthworks were undertaken to reduce the risk of dam failure (to those living downstream). The performance of residential housing in rural townships of Seddon and Ward was satisfactory with respect to preserving life safety however there was moderate levels of damage which are presented within. Post-earthquake business disruption was minimal as commercial buildings in the Blenheim central business district sustained either minor or no damage.
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Eleftherios, Kaklamanis, Purnima Ratilal et Nicholas C. Makris. « Optimal Automatic Wide-Area Discrimination of Fish Shoals from Seafloor Geology with Multi-Spectral Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing in the Gulf of Maine ». Remote Sensing 15, no 2 (11 janvier 2023) : 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020437.
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Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) enables fish population density distributions to be instantaneously quantified and continuously monitored over wide areas. Returns from seafloor geology can also be received as background or clutter by OAWRS when insufficient fish populations are present in any region. Given the large spatial regions that fish inhabit and roam over, it is important to develop automatic methods for determining whether fish are present at any pixel in an OAWRS image so that their population distributions, migrations and behaviour can be efficiently analyzed and monitored in large data sets. Here, a statistically optimal automated approach for distinguishing fish from seafloor geology in OAWRS imagery is demonstrated with Neyman–Pearson hypothesis testing which provides the highest true-positive classification rate for a given false-positive rate. Multispectral OAWRS images of large herring shoals during spawning migration to Georges Bank are analyzed. Automated Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing is shown to accurately distinguish fish from seafloor geology through their differing spectral responses at any space and time pixel in OAWRS imagery. These spectral differences are most dramatic in the vicinity of swimbladder resonances of the fish probed by OAWRS. When such significantly different spectral dependencies exist between fish and geologic scattering, the approach presented provides an instantaneous, reliable and statistically optimal means of automatically distinguishing fish from seafloor geology at any spatial pixel in wide-area OAWRS images. Employing Kullback–Leibler divergence or the relative entropy in bits from Information Theory is shown to also enable automatic discrimination of fish from seafloor by their distinct statistical scattering properties across sensing frequency, but without the statistical optimal properties of the Neyman–Pearson approach.
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Zareian, Farzin, Carlos Aguirre, Juan Felipe Beltrán, Ernesto Cruz, Ricardo Herrera, Roberto Leon, Arturo Millan et Alejandro Verdugo. « Reconnaissance Report of Chilean Industrial Facilities Affected by the 2010 Chile Offshore Bío-Bío Earthquake ». Earthquake Spectra 28, no 1_suppl1 (juin 2012) : 513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000049.
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This paper summarizes findings of an EERI reconnaissance team and a group of Chilean experts on damage to industrial facilities caused by the 27 February 2010 Offshore Bío-Bío Earthquake and ensuing tsunami. Chile's industry as a whole was severely affected when major industrial plants such as paper mills, wood mills, thermoelectric power plants, and oil and gas refineries were shut down following the earthquake either in response to the damage sustained or to maintain structural and environmental safety. Damage resulted primarily from ground shaking; however, it was exacerbated by the ensuing tsunami in coastal areas. Important industrial sectors, such as the wine industry and fishing, pulp and paper industries, suffered severely. Observed damage was primarily due to inadequate anchorage of equipment, differential movements between adjacent supports of piping and equipment, foundation displacements, and failure of non-structural elements and equipment.
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Exton, Brian John. « Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web - Economic Geology ». Journal of Geoscience Education 46, no 4 (septembre 1998) : 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-46.4.398.
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Read*, Paul E., William J. Waltman et Stephen Gamet. « Terroir Evaluation for Winegrapes in Nebraska ». HortScience 39, no 4 (juillet 2004) : 849A—849. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.849a.
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Terroir embodies a defined place, integrating soils, geology, climate, the cultivar, and the role of cultivation, culture, and history in producing wine (Wilson, 1999; White, 2003).The understated topographic changes, thick loess soils, diffuse climatic boundaries (humid to arid), and brief viticultural history contribute to a misconception that “terroir” may not be applicable or that niche microclimates for vineyards may not exist in Nebraska. With many new cultivars and selections now available that are adapted to growing environments once considered marginal vineyard settings and the wealth of geospatial resource databases (soils, climate, and topography) available, we have begun to combine traditional field cultivar evaluation studies with the geophysical data to determine appropriate site/cultivar suitability. Our data have shown that cultivars that were previously considered unlikely to be successful may be suited to viticulture in specific locations, e.g., Riesling, Lemberger, Cynthiana/Norton, Vignoles, and Chambourcin in southeast Nebraska (our “vinifera triangle”). Mean hardiness ratings (scale 1 to 9, where 1 = dead and 9 = no injury) have been obtained for more than 50 cultivars and selections, ranging from 1.86 for Viognier to 8.66 for Frontenac and 8.71 for Saint Croix, for example. Data for most of the cultivars under test will be presented and matched with “terroirs”, providing growers with a vineyard decision support system that can help match genotypes to their specific vineyard sites and help avoid poor cultivar selection.
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Bovo, M., A. Barbaresi et D. Torreggiani. « Definition of seismic performances and fragility curves of unanchored cylindrical steel legged tanks used in wine making and storage ». Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no 8 (7 avril 2020) : 3711–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00841-z.
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Dott, Robert. « Lyell in America—His Lectures, Field Work, and Mutual Influences, 1841-1853 ». Earth Sciences History 15, no 2 (1 janvier 1996) : 101–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.15.2.b4n1102556ju6736.
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Charles Lyell visited North America four times in the twelve years from 1841 to 1853. Except for the last visit, he both lectured and travelled widely to study geology. In 1841 he opened the second season of Lowell Lectures in Boston, and in early 1842 he gave essentially the same lectures again at Philadelphia and New York. In 1845 and 1852, Lyell lectured only at Boston. In 1853, he returned briefly as a British representative at the New York Industrial Fair. The New York lectures were published verbatim, and Lyell's incomplete notes for his lectures, newspaper accounts, and his wife Mary's correspondence from America provide some insight about the others. During 25 months of travel spanning a dozen years, the Lyells saw more of the United States and southeastern Canada—from the Atlantic coast to the lower Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and from the St. Lawrence Valley to the Gulf Coast—than had most citizens of the New World. After the first two visits, Lyell published two travel journals, which contain much material about American geology, geologists, and general natural history, as well as perceptive commentaries upon most aspects of life in the two young nations. The lectures and journals together provide important insights into the development of geology in America and of Lyell's thinking. In spite of the fact that Lyell was a poor speaker, the lectures were great successes with the public. American geologists, however, gave more qualified assessments. Major topics covered by the lectures, which reflected the major current issues of the science, included during an eleven-year span: Crustal movements and the earth's interior; Uniformity of processes through geologic time; Coral reefs; Carboniferous conditions and coal formation, as well as the early appearance of land animals; Origin of the drift and the Sinking and submergence of land; Biogeography; and the Uniformity of an organic plan, including negative commentary about progression and transmutation. Lyell's use of examples from both America and abroad gave the subject a cosmopolitan aspect, and his use of many large diagrams was much acclaimed. Geology was becoming well established in the New World, and Lyell participated in the third annual meeting of the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists in 1842. For field work, he followed his well-honed tactic of seeking experts as guides for efficient learning about local geology and grilling them incessantly. Although initially enthused and open, American geologists soon became apprchensive about Lyell's acquisitiveness for their data. Eventually Lyell's bibliography was enhanced by more than 30 titles on American geology in addition to two travel books, the first of which included a colored geologic map of most of the then United States and adjacent Canada. His other books, Principles of Geology and Elements of Geology, also benefited from countless American examples and from the publication of American editions. Lyell's reputation was enhanced by his American adventures, for, like Darwin and Murchison before, his travels attracted much attention both in the London Geological Society and in the British press. But the visits also enhanced the stature of geology in the New World, and Lyell made several significant original contributions to the understanding of American geology. Moreover, the visits by Charles and Mary Lyell produced a positive impression of America abroad, for they were very captivated by their friendly and industrious hosts and spoke well of them in Britain. On balance, it would seem that the visitors and hosts benefitted about equally.
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Zhang, Tao, Tai Ning Yan, Li Zhen Zhou et Chuan De An. « Development of Drill Monitor and Operation Mode Recognition Based on All Hydraulic Core Drilling Rig ». Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (novembre 2011) : 1819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1819.
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For rocks complexity, geologic drilling is a high cost project, and it is high risk. Drill monitor is an important tool in monitoring drilling, scientific analysis and decision. It can continuously monitor drilling process, identify and forecast abnormal operation modes. It is the key means to reduce drilling accidents and ensure high efficiency, high quality and low cost. This paper analyzed some problems of domestic drill monitor based on the research status on drill monitor at home and abroad. Author considered all hydraulic core drilling rig with 2000m drilling capacity as research object, and modularly designed multi-drilling-parameter data acquisition system according to the geologic exploration own characteristics. This system can identify typical drilling operation modes used data handling techniques of wavelet analysis and time series analysis. With implement of state geology investigation strategy, drilling workload increase greatly, drilling depth increase continuously, and the drill monitor has a very wide application prospect.
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Exton, Brian John. « Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web – Marine Geology and Oceanography ». Journal of Geoscience Education 46, no 5 (novembre 1998) : 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-46.5.524.
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Weymer, Bradley A., Mark E. Everett, Chris Houser, Phil Wernette et Patrick Barrineau. « Differentiating tidal and groundwater dynamics from barrier island framework geology : Testing the utility of portable multifrequency electromagnetic induction profilers ». GEOPHYSICS 81, no 5 (septembre 2016) : E347—E361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0286.1.
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Electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques are becoming increasingly popular for near-surface coastal geophysical applications. However, few studies have explored the capabilities and limitations of portable multifrequency EMI profilers for mapping large-scale ([Formula: see text]) barrier island hydrogeology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of groundwater dynamics on apparent conductivity [Formula: see text] to separate the effects of hydrology and geology from the [Formula: see text] signal. Shore-normal and alongshore surveys were performed within a highly conductive barrier island/wind-tidal flat system at Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, USA. Assessments of instrument calibration and signal drift suggest that [Formula: see text] measurements are stable, but vary with height and location across the beach. Repeatability tests confirm [Formula: see text] values using different boom orientations collected during the same day are reproducible. Measurements over a 12 h tidal cycle suggest that there is a tide-dependent step response in [Formula: see text], complicating data processing and interpretation. Shore-normal surveys across the barrier/wind-tidal flats show that [Formula: see text] is roughly negatively correlated with topography and these relationships can be used for characterizing different coastal habitats. For all surveys, [Formula: see text] increases with decreasing frequency. Alongshore surveys performed during different seasons and beach states reveal a high degree of variability in [Formula: see text]. Here, it is argued that surveys collected during dry conditions characterize the underlying framework geology, whereas these features are somewhat masked during wet conditions. Differences in EMI signals should be viewed in a relative sense rather than as absolute magnitudes. Small-scale heterogeneities are related to changing hydrology, whereas low-frequency signals at the broadest scales reveal variations in framework geology. Multiple surveys should be done at different times of the year and tidal states before geologic interpretations can confidently be made from EMI surveys in coastal environments. This strategy enables the geophysicist to separate the effects of hydrology and geology from the [Formula: see text] signal.
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Setiady, Deny, et Ediar Usman. « Lingkungan Terumbu Karang sepanjang pantai gugusan Pulau-Pulau terluar di Perairan Kepulauan Aruah, Kabupaten Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau. Coral reef environment along coastal outer, in Aruah Archipelgo Waters area, Rokan Hilir District Riau Province ». Jurnal Lingkungan dan Bencana Geologi 9, no 1 (26 avril 2018) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34126/jlbg.v9i1.185.
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Abstrak Secara geografis, Kepulauan Aruah merupakan gugusan pulau-pulau kecil terluar yang terletak di perairan Selat Malaka, yang berbatasan dengan Malaysia. Metoda penelitian geologi kelautan terdiri dari, Pemetaan geologi pantai dan lepas pantai, penentuan posisi, pengukuran pasang surut, pengukuran kedalaman dasar laut dan pengukuran luas terumbu karang. Hasil pengukuran luas gugusan Terumbu karang di sekitar Kepulauan Aruah pada waktu pasang yaitu: Pulau Jemur (31.3800 ha), Pulau Kalironggo (39.0229 ha), Pulau Sarong Alang (0.5081 ha), Pulau Pandan (3.5940 ha), Pulau Labuhan Bilik (15.5340 ha), Pulau Tukong Mas (19.4271), Pulau Pasir (25.853), Pulau Batu Adang (43.1740), Pulau Batu Berlayar (70.9140), dan Pulau Batu Mandi (9.0770 ha). Pulau Tukong Simbang terdapat 7 gugusan pulau kecil, dimana pada saat air laut mengalami surut terendah membentuk satu kesatuan pulau dengan luas mencapai 104,9 ha. Kedalaman dasar laut di daerah penelitian maksimum 80 meter, dengan perbedaan pasang surut maksimum dan surut minimum adalah 5,9 meter di daerah penelitian. Keberadaan batuan Tersier di pantai dan terumbu karang menjadi penyangga keberadaan dan ketahanan gugusan pulau-pulau kecil. Pantai dan lepas pantai Kepulauan Aruah. Hampir seluruh bagian pinggir dari pulau-pulau kecil di sekitar Pulau Jemur dikelilingi oleh lingkungan terumbu karang, sehingga menambah pesona keindahan perairan dan pantai kepuauan Aruah. Kata Kunci: Kepulauan Aruah, Lingkungan Terumbu Karang, Pulau terluar, dan geologi kelautan Abstract Aruah Islands located in the Malacca Strait waters is outer islands cluster and the border Malaysia. Study method consits of coastal geology mapping positioning Low – high Tide measurenment, sea bottom measurenment and Coral reef wide measurenment. High tide coral reef cluster measurenment in Aruah archipelago are: Jemur Island(31.3800 ha), Kalironggo (39.0229 ha), Sarong Alang Island (0.5081 ha), Pandan Island (3.5940 ha), Labuhan Bilik Island (15.5340 ha), Tukong Mas Island (19.4271), Pasir Island (25.853), Batu Adang Island (43.1740), Batu Berlayar Island(70.9140), dan Batu Mandi Isand (9.0770) ha). There are seven small island Tukong Simbang Island, when low tide forming one island with 104.9 ha square. Maximum depth of seawater is 80 meter dept and differences between low tide and high tide is 5,9 meter in study area. The existence of Tertiary rocks on the beach and coral reefs into existence and resistance as a buffer of small islands cluster. Almost all of the edges of small islands around the Jemur island is surrounded by coral reefs environment, that adding to the charm and beauty of coastal and waters Aruah Islands Keywords. Aruah archipelago, Coral reef environment, outer island, and marine geology,
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Roende, Henrik, Dan Chaikin, Yi Huang et Konstantin N. Kudin. « Interpreter's Corner ». Leading Edge 39, no 11 (novembre 2020) : 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39110828.1.
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The U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GoM) geology is well known for prolific structural hydrocarbon traps created by salt tectonics. In many areas, these structures lie below salt overhangs or thick canopies, requiring advanced seismic imaging to identify prospects and plan exploration wells. Ever-evolving geophysical technologies, such as 3D seismic, wide azimuth, multiwide azimuth, coil, and ocean-bottom node (OBN) acquisition designs, have unlocked the image for some of these structures over the past three decades. Recently, automatic velocity model building methods, particularly full-waveform inversion (FWI), introduced another step change in the subsalt image quality and refocused the acquisition methods on the need to acquire long-offset data. To make such a long-offset program affordable, a new survey geometry was set up with sparse OBN nodes and simultaneous shooting. The actual survey was acquired in 2019 and fully processed within 15 months from the end of the acquisition. Offsets up to 65 km were recorded, enabling FWI velocity updates down to 15 km depth. To provide the reader with a glimpse of the geologic insight that the new technology enabled, we report a few examples of deep geology revealed by this survey in a hydrocarbon- and seismic-data-rich area of the GoM — the Greater Mars-Ursa Basin.
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Laštovicka, J., D. Pancheva, D. Altadill, E. A. Benediktov, J. Boška, J. Bremer, M. Dick et al. « Ionospheric measurements during the CRISTA/MAHRSI campaign : their implications and comparison with previous campaigns ». Annales Geophysicae 17, no 8 (31 août 1999) : 1040–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1040-2.
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Abstract. The CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment on board a space shuttle was accompanied by a broad campaign of rocket, balloon and ground-based measurements. Supporting lower ionospheric ground-based measurements were run in Europe and Eastern Asia between 1 October-30 November, 1994. Results of comparisons with long ionospheric data series together with short-term comparisons inside the interval October-November, 1994, showed that the upper middle atmosphere (h = 80-100 km) at middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the interval of the CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment (4-12 November, 1994) was very close to its expected climatological state. In other words, the average results of the experiment can be used as climatological data, at least for the given area/altitudes. The role of solar/geomagnetic and "meteorological" control of the lower ionosphere is investigated and compared with the results of MAP/WINE, MAC/SINE and DYANA campaigns. The effects of both solar/geomagnetic and global meteorological factors on the lower ionosphere are found to be weak during autumn 1994 compared to those in MAP/WINE and DYANA winters, and they are even slightly weaker than those in MAP/SINE summer. The comparison of the four campaigns suggests the following overall pattern: in winter the lower ionosphere at northern middle latitudes appears to be fairly well "meteorologically" controlled with a very weak solar influence. In summer, solar influence is somewhat stronger and dominates the weak "meteorological" influence, but the overall solar/meteorological control is weaker than in winter. In autumn we find the weakest overall solar/meteorological control, local effects evidently dominate.Key words. Ionosphere (ionosphere · atmosphere interactions; mid-latitude ionosphere)
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Schimmrich, Steven Henry. « Exploring Geology on the World Wide Web – Geophysics, Plate Tectonics, and Structural Geology ». Journal of Geoscience Education 44, no 3 (mai 1996) : 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-44.3.317.
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