Articles de revues : « Geological inspection »

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Wang, Yu, chuang-sheng Wu et Zongying Shu. « Application and Research of Geologic Radar in Groundwater Disease of Tunnel Engineering Inspection ». E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019) : 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101063.

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As a kind of underground lineament building, the tunnel inevitably will pass through different hydrology geology in construction process and thus form a catchment corridor which usually occurs in most of tunnels. Pour water and waterlogging is a common geological disaster and the main disease both in the construction tunnels and operation tunnels. So it is urgent for us to carry through the research on the geological disaster of groundwater. The Inspecting and controlling measures against the ground water geological disaster are also needed. In this paper, Geologic Radar is applied to tunnel engineering quality inspection to detect some quality problems possibly caused by groundwater. In order to diagnose the disease degree of operation tunnels and to estimate tunnel’s security condition, this paper analyzes the causes of bugs existing behind the tunnel lining, expounds the theory and method of making non-destructive test on tunnel lining quality by using Geological Radar. By processing and analyzing field data, the following functions can be performed, such as detecting the thickness of concrete lining accurately, determining the distribution position and quantities of rebar and grid steel, searching existed cavity and uncompacted area behind the lining especially lining arch top. We also apply the method of morphology to the extraction of liner image feature. We get the liner boundary line and waterlogging area more intuitively by wavelet analysis, and find the anomalous point in the liner. It has been proved that Geologic Radar is a feasible method to inspect the structure of tunnel concrete lining. Adopting hole-drilling method to make verifications with detecting results of geological radar, the results of the two kinds of methods do not have big difference.

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Chen, Pengchao, Rui Li, Guangming Jia, Hao Lan, Kuan Fu et Xiaoben Liu. « A Decade Review of the Art of Inspection and Monitoring Technologies for Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines in Permafrost Areas ». Energies 16, n^o 4 (9 février 2023) : 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041751.

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Long-distance oil and gas pipelines buried in permafrost areas will inevitably encounter typical geological disasters, such as frost heave and thaw settlement and sliding, which easily cause pipeline displacement, bending, or deformation. When there are certain defects in the pipeline, additional complex, external stress will further lead to the failure of the pipeline or weld and can even lead to serious accidents such as pipeline leakage, pipe burst, or fracture. This paper introduces in detail the typical defects and risks of buried pipelines in permafrost areas and summarizes the in-line inspection technologies, off-line inspection technologies, and integrated monitoring systems for pipelines in the pipeline industry. Regarding pipelines in permafrost areas, in-line inspection methods may be employed. These include magnetic flux leakage, electromagnetic eddy current, ultrasonic, IMU, and electromagnetic acoustic transducer inspections. Off-line inspection is also one of the important means of inspecting a pipeline in a permafrost area. Indirect inspection is combined with verification by direct inspection to check and evaluate the integrity of the anticorrosive coating and the effectiveness of the cathodic protection for the pipeline. Meanwhile, considering the external environment of a pipeline in a permafrost area, a monitoring system should be developed and established. This paper discusses and projects the future development of related technologies, which provides reference for the construction and operation of pipelines in permafrost areas.

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Wang, Yu, Zongying Shu, Tianrong Huang, Yongyu Li et Shihua Wang. « Underground Structure Inspection in Geological Groundwater Environment Base on Geologic Radar Technology ». E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021) : 01046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123601046.

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How to accurately detect the anti-slide pile and the surrounding rock hole is the key to the correct application of the concrete quality treatment method, at the same time, it can ensure the control effect to a certain extent, and make the treatment project more economical and effective. The presence of water in the reinforced concrete layer, coupled with the void shape, and the irregular nature of the water in the hole, may be filled with air, mud, soil and other media factors, so there is considerable complexity. The number of abnormal bodies in the contrast enhancement diagram increases significantly, which is helpful for us to observe the loose area of anti-slide pile. We can find the pixel value corresponding to the feature by detecting the abnormal data of the pile one by one.

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Dong, Zheng, Xuhui Zhang, Wenjuan Yang, Mengyu Lei, Chao Zhang, Jicheng Wan et Lei Han. « Automatic Cutting Speed Control System of Boom-Type Roadheader Based on Geological Strength Index ». Minerals 12, n^o 12 (9 décembre 2022) : 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121582.

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The boom-type roadheader is the foremost mining equipment in coal mines. At present, the automatic cutting technology is still immature for adjusting cutting speed automatically in accordance with rock strength, resulting in energy dissipation. In this study, we put forward a method with respect to detecting the geological strength index of coal seam profile through visual inspection, as well as characterize the geological strength index and control the cutting head for adjusting speed automatically based on inspecting fracture features on coal rock’s surface, aiming at achieving energy conservation control of boom-type roadheader. The image processing algorithm is adopted for detecting joint characteristics of palisades fracture, and a quantitative model of the geological strength index is established. The fractal dimension is used to obtain the distribution of geological strength indicators of a coal seam, and the heading machine’s cutting head is controlled for adjusting speed automatically. A vision control platform of boom-type roadheader is built in the laboratory to perform ground simulation experiments. According to experimental results, the difference between the geological strength index of the coal seam detected through visual inspection and the set value in the geological strength index chart is up to 3.5%, and the results are basically consistent, so the quantification of geological strength index can be performed rapidly and effectively. The average energy consumption of boom-type roadheader decreases by 5.4% after adopting self-adaptation control, realizing energy conservation and consumption reduction as well as intelligent control of coal mine machinery.

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Popelka, Stanislav, et Jiří Komínek. « Visual Inspection of Geological Maps : an eye-tracking Study ». Abstracts of the ICA 2 (8 octobre 2020) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-22-2020.

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Abstract. The paper describes the analysis of a visual inspection of paper geological maps by three groups of participants: geologists (GEOL), geographers (GEO) and geoinformaticians (GIS). The aim of the study was to identify the differences in how different groups of participants visually inspected geological maps.Geological maps show the distribution of different types of rock at the earth’s surface and are a fundamental tool for geologists. Geology as a distinct discipline is relatively young, and its origins date to the eighteenth century. In recent years, this otherwise relatively stable field has begun to incorporate new technology into its tools and methods. No study as yet has been published to assess geological maps using eye-tracking or cognitive cartography.Eye-tracking glasses SMI Eye Tracking Glasses 2 with a recording frequency of 60 Hz were used to record the eye-movements of participants during the experiment. Two maps at a scale of 1 : 25 000 produced by the Czech Geological Survey were used for the eye-tracking experiment. In the first part of the experiment, free viewing was analyzed. In the second part, participants solved six tasks with a map. The tasks were selected based on consultation with employees of the Czech Geological Survey.In the free viewing section, noticeable differences between groups were observed. The free viewing section revealed that the geoinformaticians group concentrated much less on the map itself and spent more time on the surrounding elements. The geographers and geologists mainly focused on the map field. The second part of the experiment comprised six tasks.The first task was the simplest and involved finding the coordinate system used in the map. The task caused no problems in any group, and completion times were balanced. The GIS group demonstrated the greatest experience in reading maps and was also the quickest to solve the task. The second task was to identify the geological units depicted in the map. The correct answer could be obtained either from the legend or by using the scheme of geological units. No statistically significant differences in time between the groups were recorded. In the third task, respondents were required to identify and mark the boundary between two geological units found in the previous task. The group of geologists was quickest to solve this task, and all other respondents found a solution with no great difficulty. The fourth task was to identify the predominant rock and determine its type according to the legend. The results suggest that ten respondents from GEO and GIS groups who concentrated on the lithostratigraphic scheme did not know where to look for the correct answer. In the fifth task, participants were required to mark an area with multiple landslides. The aim in this task was to find the landslide symbol in the legend and then identify the landslide area on the map. The differences between groups were most apparent in this task. The geologists were significantly quicker in finding the symbol in the legend. The other groups needed a much longer time to identify the symbol in the legend. In the final task, respondents were instructed to identify the predominant rock in the area with the highest amplitude of geomagnetic anomalies. To solve this task, using the diagram in the section at the bottom left was necessary. The GEOL group spent the least amount of time completing this task, indicating the respondents’ knowledge. The experiment and subsequent interviews revealed a different color reading strategy. When identifying a rock, the GEOL group compared colors mainly for quick orientation. However, the decisive factor for identification was the index, which was given for the rock in the map and legend.To conclude, the geologists group was quickest in solving the tasks and recorded the least wrong answers. The GIS and GEO groups achieved similar results in the experiment.

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Tang, Min An, Yu Wang et Bao Ling Sun. « Application and Research of Geologic Radar in Groundwater Disease of Tunnel Engineering Inspection ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (décembre 2012) : 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1167.

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In order to diagnose the disease degree of operation tunnels and to estimate tunnel's security condition, this paper analyzes the causes of bugs existing behind the tunnel lining, expounds the theory and method of making non-destructive test on tunnel lining quality by using Geological Radar. By processing and analyzing field data, the following functions can be performed, such as detecting the thickness of concrete lining accurately, determining the distribution position and quantities of rebar and grid steel, searching existed cavity and uncompacted area behind the lining especially lining arch top. We also apply the method of morphology to the extraction of liner image feature. We get the liner boundary line and waterlogging area more intuitively by wavelet analysis, and find the anomalous point in the liner. It has been proved that Geologic Radar is a feasible method to inspect the structure of tunnel concrete lining. A dopting hole-drilling method to make verifications with detecting results of geological radar, the results of the two kinds of methods have not big difference.

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Xu, Binbin. « Quality inspection method of layered compacted subgrade and engineering example analysis ». E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021) : 03068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124803068.

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The effective detection of layered roller compacted subgrade quality is the key of road engineering quality control. The traditional sand filling compaction method belongs to random sampling point detection method, and it is not easy to detect the subgrade compaction condition below the sand filling pit. Based on the summary of the current domestic and foreign subgrade detection technology, this paper innovatively combines the geological radar method with sand filling method, and through the fixed point detection method. The results show that the traditional sand filling method can directly and quantitatively reflect the compactness of sampling points, while the geological radar can realize the continuous detection, and can judge the compaction layer from the loose state to the interlaminar line after compaction through the geological radar image At the same time, the GPR can identify the under compacted area in the subgrade compaction layer and reflect the overall compaction effect of the subgrade. The detection method of combining the GPR method and sand filling method has obvious technical advantages in the subgrade quality detection.

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Wang, Gan Jun, Bo Chen, Yi Jiang Wu et Zi Ping Peng. « Field Investigation and Assessment on Base Conditions of a Transmission Tower in Coastal Mound Areas ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (octobre 2014) : 716–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.716.

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The field investigation and assessment on base conditions of a transmission tower in coastal mound areas is actively carried out in this study. A transmission tower constructed in the southern areas of China is taken as example to examine the geological characteristics. The detailed geological investigation and field inspection were performance for the safety assessment of the tower-foundation system. The geological investigation was carried out based on the Chinese specifications and codes by taking into consideration many factors, such as the base terrain, topographical features, traffic conditions and etc. Testing types and sample numbers of the geological investigation includes the geological exploration, drilling, geotechnical sampling, in situ testing and setting-out measurement.

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Aleksandrov, Vadim, Marsel Kadyrov, Andrey Ponomarev, Denis Drugov et Mikhail Zavatskij. « Refinement of the Geologic Structure of the Ozernoye Field for Improving the Development Efficiency ». Key Engineering Materials 785 (octobre 2018) : 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.785.40.

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The Ozernoye field is a unique geological object. The primary geological and geophysical materials obtained during its inspection allow coming close to developing universal methods for carbon-containing field logging, which can be extended to other geological objects. The research objective is to forecast the development of reservoir units in undeveloped parts, determine the expected parameters of their class, the maximum total net reservoirs and the number of sandy formations, carry out their indexation and detailed paleogeographic reconstructions of the inspected area. Using the paleogeographic methods, retrospective reconstructions of sedimentation accumulations were performed. The facies analysis of sediments made it possible to elucidate the reservoir unit genesis.

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Zhang, Qing, et Wan Li Pu. « Crack Survey and Cause Analysis of a Complex in Huatugou of Qaidam Basin ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (août 2013) : 1102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1102.

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Huatugou in Qaidam Basin is a saline soil area with special geological condition, and there has special climatic conditions. The buildings appear serious cracks and inclined in this area. This article uses the investigation and inspection which we collect to analyze the present situation for the buildings. Explain why this situation happened and put forward some treatments.

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Bao, Xian Kai, et Meng Hui Que. « A Certain Foundation Pit Support Design and Construction in Baotou ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (juillet 2014) : 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.539.

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We adopt the supporting scheme of soil nailing wall by comparison and selection combining engineering geological conditions and surrounding buildings load situations. And introduce focally its supporting principles and major parameters and main construction points. The scheme meets the engineering requirements proved by the construction acceptance inspection with its safe and rational design and construction convenience.

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Bykov, Artem, et Oleg Kuzichkin. « Application Seismoelectric Method for Inspection Electrically Conducting Media ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (janvier 2014) : 1712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1712.

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The paper presents basic geoelectric models given the seismoelectric effect for application in pro-cessing algorithms of the geodynamic information. They can improve the reliability of the estimation under the control of geodynamic processes and phenomena taking place in the surface layers of the geological environment. The models under the effect of longitudinal and transverse modes of seis-mic waves on a small particle of the environment are considered. A one-dimensional model of the environment under the joint effect of the longitudinal and transverse modes of seismic waves is pre-sented. The mathematical modeling of two media under the effect of longitudinal elastic defor-mation is given. The dependences of the relative change in the transfer coefficient for two media on the electrical parameters of contrast media both resistivity and dielectric constants are discussed. Based on the results of mathematical modeling, the application of seismoelectric effect in geody-namic control systems proves to be highly efficient.

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Terekhina, Ya E., M. Yu Tokarev, N. V. Shevchenko et N. A. Kozupitsa. « Subsea uplifts origin of the rugozerskaya bay and the great Salma channel (Kandalaksha bay) ». Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, n^o 2 (28 avril 2017) : 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2017-2-51-56.

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Lots of shallow Rugozerskaya firth (Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea) were studied on the basis of integrated explorationsincluding continuous seismic profiling, side scan sonar (SSS), bottom sampling and diver inspection. As a result a number of regularities in the geological structure of the region was identified, in particular - the origi of certain bottom forms and coast terrain was revealled.

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Liao, Shifang, Manzhu Ye, Rongcai Yuan et Wanzhi Ma. « Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Surveying and Mapping Trajectory Scheduling and Autonomous Control for Landslide Monitoring ». Journal of Robotics 2022 (24 mars 2022) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2365006.

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Real-time and efficient monitoring of geological disasters has received extensive attention in the application of UAV surveying and mapping control technology. The application of traditional landslide monitoring methods lacks the accuracy of control algorithms, which has become a hot issue currently facing. Based on the landslide surface subsidence monitoring method, this article designs the UAV trajectory scheduling subsidence monitoring software, which can monitor the UAV’s flight status and navigation information, and draw the flight trajectory in real time. At the same time, the model solves the problem of storage and management of landslide inspection results by the landslide inspection management system, and realizes the functions of entering and querying landslide information, viewing inspection results, landslide safety judgment, generating reports, and autonomous control. The simulation results show that the global accuracy reaches 0.975, and the algorithm recognition degree reaches 99.8%, which promotes the reliability of the landslide monitoring data for the identification of the surveying and mapping trajectory, and provides a decision-making basis for landslide treatment.

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Marschalko, M., L. Hofrichterová et H. Lahuta. « Engineering-geological conditions of the effect of a landslide from mining activity ». Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 18, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2010) : 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10189-010-0017-1.

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Engineering-geological conditions of the effect of a landslide from mining activityThe paper deals with a slope deformation in Řepiště (Paskov), which is located between the towns of Ostrava and Frýdek Místek; Řepiště is situated in the Ostrava-Karviná District within the reach of the effects of mining activity. The deformation involves the Paskov Mine, which is the only active mine in the Ostrava section of the district. The study included mapping complemented with a geophysical survey using resistance tomography; along with the information obtained from the inspection, it provided an overview of the engineering-geological conditions of the slope deformation. The interpretation of the data obtained identified a very complicated structure, including several levels of slip surfaces. The landslide is thus a textbook example of slope movements with a very complicated geological structure occupying an extensive spatial area in the mining landscape and affecting the stability of a road running directly through its body.

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Akhundova, Surayya. « THE TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS ». Scientific works/Elmi eserler 2 (2 avril 1996) : 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.58225/sw.2022.2.5-12.

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Abstract. The article is devoted to diagnostic research used in the restoration and conservation of architectural monuments. The main purpose of the diagnostics is to determine the technical condition of the individual structures of the whole monument and whether it is serviceable. The article researches the essence and tasks of technical diagnostics of the causes of monuments deformation. The cause-and-effect relationship was analyzed in the assessment of the conditions of deformation of architectural monuments. While studying the engineering-geological causes of the deformation of the monuments, the inspection of the technical condition of the monument, the analysis of the location of the main structures and the observation of the deformations were given Keywords: architectural monuments, technical condition, engineering- geological, monument deformation, constructions, research

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Cherkasova, Lyudmila Igorevna, Aleksandr Glebovich Paushkin et German Valer’evich Alekseev. « Inspection problems of rural stone churches ». Vestnik MGSU, n^o 2 (février 2016) : 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2016.2.74-85.

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The authors describe the reasons for the destruction and the difficult process of restoring old stone churches built before 1917. The article notes the difference between these processes in the village and in the city. In the villages a large number of churches are in emergency condition, but continue to be operated as intended, i.e. for divine service. The article gives the classification of the causes for the destruction process of old rural churches. At the present time old temples usually destruct due to the lack of timely rehabilitation works. Recovery is hindered by the high cost of a comprehensive inspection and restoration. The work can be greatly reduced if the goal is not restoration, but conservation and prevention of an emergency condition. The authors come to the conclusion that the survey of rural churches as opposed to urban ones has the main goals: to determine the state category, to provide space in which the religious services may be held, for example, in the summer, and to provide materials for preservation of the part of the building, the operation of which is impossible. The problems of preservation of the architectural decor and restoration of items are not considered in such an inspection. Such a survey can be called “Express survey”. Express survey is conducted for a short time with a small group of specialists. The examination includes visual examination, thorough photographic images, study of the geological history of the area, interviews with the residents, description of the defects, which reduce the reliability of the building, recommendations for the strengthening of structures, conservation and monitoring frequencies. The works on measurement and determination of the strength of materials must be minimized. For more efficient operation, it is proposed to amend the regulations or create a separate document in addition to the known norms regulating the work using a rapid survey.

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Goroshko, Nadezhda Vladimirovna, Inga Anatolyevna Poroshina et Elena Konstantinovna Yemelyanova. « Activity-educational aspects of geological excursions ». Moscow University Pedagogical Education Bulletin, n^o 2 (29 juin 2021) : 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51314/2073-2635-2021-2-68-84.

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The purpose of this article is to discuss the educational tour as a form of educational process in the activity-the educational aspect of the geological excursion in the study of rock outcrops career «Borok» of Novosibirsk as a geological object of interest for educational tours and training-practical work. To write the article, we used methods of comparative analysis, generalization, field geological observations, sampling, cross-section sketches, descriptions of outcrops, including working with a mountain compass and methods of conducting a training geological-geographical and geoecological route, drawing up a map of the territory, laboratory studies of rocks. The absolute advantage of the Borok quarry is its location, as well as optimal conditions for a thorough inspection and description of rock outcrops. Branched dikes and veins are visible in the walls of the quarry, as well as the overlap of igneous Paleozoic rocks with sedimentary later deposits. Dumps of various Intrusive igneous, dike rocks and pegmatites, hydrothermal veins with ore minerals are of educational interest during excursions. The Borok quarry cooperates with schools, colleges, and Universities in Novosibirsk and is a platform for educational excursions to the production site and a place for training practices, as well as a venue for educational Olympiads in Geology and Geoecology. On the example of one of the production facilities of the city of Novosibirsk - the stone quarry «Borok», the possibilities of organizing and conducting geological excursions in order to study the geological structure of the territory, consolidate theoretical geological and geoecological knowledge, acquire skills in educational and practical work and analyze the results obtained are demonstrated.

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Meyer, Dominique E., Eric Lo, Jonathan Klingspon, Anton Netchaev, Charles Ellison et Falko Kuester. « TunnelCAM- A HDR Spherical Camera Array for Structural Integrity Assessments of Dam Interiors ». Electronic Imaging 2020, n^o 7 (26 janvier 2020) : 227–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.7.iss-227.

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The United States of America has an estimate of 84,000 dams of which approximately 15,500 are rated as high-risk as of 2016. Recurrent geological and structural health changes require dam assets to be subject to continuous structural monitoring, assessment and restoration. The objective of the developed system is targeted at evaluating the feasibility for standardization in remote, digital inspections of the outflow works of such assets to replace human visual inspections. This work proposes both a mobile inspection platform and an image processing pipeline to reconstruct 3D models of the outflow tunnel and gates of dams for structural defect identification. We begin by presenting the imaging system with consideration to lighting conditions and acquisition strategies. We then propose and formulate global optimization constraints that optimize system poses and geometric estimates of the environment. Following that, we present a RANSAC frame-work that fits geometric cylinder primitives for texture projection and geometric deviation, as well as an interactive annotation frame-work for 3D anomaly marking. Results of the system and processing are demonstrated at the Blue Mountain Dam, Arkansas and the F.E. Walter Dam, Pennsylvania.

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Shen, Yue Guo. « Study on the Treatment of Soft Soil Foundation Based on the Technology of Dynamic Compaction Replacement ». Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (décembre 2014) : 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.308.

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Foundation treated with dynamic compaction replacement method can not only improve the foundation strength but also improve the drainage condition, which is advantageous to the consolidation of soft soil. Compared with the widely used immersed tube piles, its construction time is shorter and the benefit is obvious. With a warehouse project as an example, this paper expounds the scheme design, parameter selection, test, inspection, etc. in soft soil foundation treatment in muddy geological conditions taking dynamic compaction replacement method.

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Savvaidis, P., I. Doukas, Th Hatzigogos, I. N. Tziavos, A. Kiratzi, Z. Roumelioti, A. Savvaidis et al. « DATA BASE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE REPORTS UNDER THE SEISIMPACT-THES SYSTEM ». Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, n^o 3 (1 janvier 2004) : 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16541.

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One of the scopes of the SEISIMPACT-THES project is to organize into digital form and evaluate the records of reported damage, related to the occurrence of the 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake (Mw=6.5). For the exploitation of these data, an advanced Information System is under development that will include:• A properly designed database• A Geographic Information System containing all the necessary data (after digitization and corrections) enriched with more recent data, as well as topographic, geological and geophysical data of the region (metropolitan area of Thessaloniki)• A model system of accessing the above via the web and mobile devicesThe basic data for the implementation of the project are derived from the archives of the Agency for the Relief of Seismic Catastrophes in Northern Greece (YASBE). The data are included in the forms of inspection of buildings carried out in Thessaloniki shortly afterwards the 1978 earthquake. It is estimated that there are roughly 63,000 building inspection forms in the region of Thessaloniki. The exploitation of this rich database with the description on the damage that the buildings suffered will result in a complete electronic database properly standardized so that it can be linked to the geographic data of a Geographic Information System. The database structure will allow multiple queries and processes to study in depth the behavior of buildings in Thessaloniki, and its correlation with other geological, geophysical, geotechnical factors

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Zhao, Li-Juan, Ying Li et Hong-Fei Duan. « Field experimental study on comprehensive dust control technology in fully mechanized caving face of extra thick coal seam ». Thermal Science 27, n^o 1 Part B (2023) : 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2301679z.

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In order to solve the dust treatment problem of the coal Permian extra thick coal seam mined by Tashan Coal Mine, the comprehensive dust treatment technology research was carried out with the 8106 comprehensive discharge face and 8210 comprehensive discharge face of Tashan Coal Mine as the geological background, and the four aspects of coal seam water injection process, determination of water injection parameters, inspection of water injection and dust reduction effect and application promotion prospects were analyzed and studied.

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VŠINOVIĆ, Josip, et Tomislav MALVIĆ. « Comparison of mapping efficiency for small datasets using inverse distance weighting vs. moving average, Northern Croatia Miocene hydrocarbon reservoir ». Geologija 65, n^o 1 (22 juillet 2022) : 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2022.003.

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Mapping of geological variables in the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin System (CPBS) is mostly based on small input datasets. In the case of the analyzed hydrocarbon field "B", reservoir "K", due to the complex geological structure and pronounced tectonics, the interpretations are restricted on several blocks, where each has very limited dataset. The porosity (19 data) and permeability (18 data) variables were analyzed. The applied interpolation methods are the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and the Moving Average (MA). They were compared and analyzed by visual inspection of the obtained maps, comparison of mathematical background and by calculation of cross-validation (CV). The cross-validation value for the porosity of the "K" reservoir in the case of IDW application is 0.0011, and in the case of MA 0.0010; while in the case of permeability the IDW is 480.84, and in the case of MA 1346.41. According to the visual review of maps, the values of descriptive statistics of estimated values and the results of cross-validation, the IDW method is recommended for mapping the porosity and permeability of reservoirs blocks in the Sava Depression.

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Lo, Pai-Chiao, Wei Lo, Tai-Tien Wang et Yu-Chung Hsieh. « Application of Geological Mapping Using Airborne-Based LiDAR DEM to Tunnel Engineering : Example of Dongao Tunnel in Northeastern Taiwan ». Applied Sciences 11, n^o 10 (12 mai 2021) : 4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104404.

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The use of digital elevation models (DEMs) that use airborne-based light detection and the ranging technique (airborne-based LiDAR) to understand large-scale geological structures has become important in geological surveying and mapping. Taking the Dongao Tunnel area in northeastern Taiwan as the study area, this study used the airborne-based LiDAR DEM and related value-added maps to interpret the topographic and geomorphic features of the area and identify locations for geological investigation. The characteristics of the rock mass were observed on-site and revealed by excavation of the highway tunnel in the study area; they were compared with the interpreted topographic and geomorphic features to determine the potential of using 1 m-resolution LiDAR DEM in geological surveys and in the evaluation of engineering characteristics of underground rock masses. The results of this study demonstrated that the DEM accurately captured geomorphic features: the strata composed of slate and schist had distinct appearances in both the clinometric map and the hillshade map; the locations of faults, lineaments, and drainage were consistent with those observed on-site, and the positions of these features were captured more accurately than those on conventional maps. Evident microrelief features, including the distribution of scarps, erosion gullies, and mini-drainage systems provide an effective basis for interpreting a deep-seated gravitational deformation slope and for an on-site inspection for validation. The use of high-resolution LiDAR DEM to interpret geomorphic features along with geological surveys provides a more comprehensive understanding of the survey area, supporting surveys and geological mapping, revealing the locations of potential slope failures, and enabling the assessment of tunnel engineering risks.

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Kirin, Roman S., Petro M. Baranov et Volodymyr L. Khomenko. « The State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine (Geonadra) as a legal subject exercising the right of geological control ». Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, n^o 1 (9 avril 2020) : 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112007.

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The article analyzes the scientific and legislative provisions related to the legal status of the State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine as a subject of geological control. The external and internal structural peculiarities and normative bases of exercising the control and supervisory functions of the State Geonadra are investigated. The external aspect is the subordination of the organization to the Ministry of the Environment, which determines the priority areas of work of the State Geonadra, approves its work plans and harmonizes the structure of the apparatus. The internal aspect is that it exercises its powers directly both through established territorial bodies (Department of State Geological Control, inter-regional territorial departments and through territorial inspectorates, which are within the sphere of management of the State Geonadra) created within the established order. The normative grounds for exercising control and supervisory functions by the State Geonadra at the present stage are analyzed: the law on state surveillance; government regulations; orders of the State Regulatory Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Environment and the State Geonadra; annual and monthly inspection plans; document forms and reporting forms. The authors propose a classification of subjects of geological control rights, which includes the following types: general, generic and direct (primary and secondary). The classification of scheduled and unscheduled inspections as measures of state supervision (control) was made according to the following criteria: patrimonial subject of control; the object of control over the use of mineral resources; the subject of the initiation and the reason for unscheduled inspections; the object of control over the destination of minerals; the object of control over the type of natural mineral substance. The beginning of the reform of the state supervision (control) system in the field of environmental protection is characterized. Its purpose is to create an effective state system for the prevention of environmental offences and for environmental monitoring, reduce the pressure on the business environment, encourage broad involvement of the public in the supervision (control), formation of a single integrated state body of environmental monitoring and control (D) – State Environmental Protection Service.

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Miller, A. Eve, David L. Strayer et Julie L. Marble. « Neurotechnology for Imagery Analysis ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, n^o 19 (octobre 2007) : 1363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101919.

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This research combined image alignment techniques with techniques for processing neurophysiological signals to find consistent classifiers of changed and unchanged aerial reconnaissance images. These physiological markers were independent of explicit responses, and in fact, can compensate for errors made by analysts. In addition, we found that measures of eye movements have significant potential for use in image triage. This research has applications not only to the Intelligence community but also in commercial applications, such as analysis of medical imagery, geological and environmental studies, and building construction and inspection.

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Zhang, Su, Susan Bogus, Shirley Baros, Paul Neville et Ryan Dow. « Karst Sinkhole Detecting and Mapping Using Airborne LiDAR - A Conceptual Framework ». MATEC Web of Conferences 271 (2019) : 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927102005.

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Sinkholes cause subsidence and collapse problems for many transportation infrastructure assets. Subsequently, transportation infrastructure management agencies dedicate a considerable amount of time and money to detect and map sinkholes as part of their asset management programs. Traditionally, sinkholes are detected through area reconnaissance, which includes visual inspection of a site to locate existing sinkholes or device inspection of a site to locate potential sinkholes or previously filled sinkholes. Another method for sinkhole detection is through a review of maps such as geological maps. These methods are expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Recent advances in remote sensing, especially airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), allows for the examination of the change in the Earth's surface elevation accurately and rapidly. The focus of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for sinkhole detection and mapping with airborne LiDAR. This conceptual framework lays the foundation for the future application of airborne LiDAR for sinkhole detection and mapping.

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Sokolović, Neda M., Milica Petrović, Ana Kontić, Suzana Koprivica et Nenad Šekularac. « Inspection and Assessment of Masonry Arch Bridges : Ivanjica Case Study ». Sustainability 13, n^o 23 (2 décembre 2021) : 13363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313363.

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The importance of masonry arch bridges as a traffic network element calls for a thorough analysis focused on both structural stability and loading capacity of these historical structures, considering the usage of these bridges in contemporary traffic conditions. This paper focuses on the analysis of longitudinal cracks in a single span masonry arch bridge to evaluate its influence on structural behaviour of the system. As longitudinal cracks do not necessarily present an inevitable collapse mechanism, analysis of the causes is crucial for evaluating the serviceability and functionality of the bridge investigated. The methodology is based on the following: literature review, observation of the stone bridge in Ivanjica, geological testing of the site, geophysical testing of the bridge, laboratory testing of mechanical characteristics of stone used for the bridge construction and biological analysis of the samples of implemented materials on the bridge. Finite element analysis of the bridge was conducted to define the causes of the longitudinal cracks. The 3D simulation model was based on the data collected through observation and experimental analysis. This paper provides extensive research on a single span masonry bridge, examining how different deterioration mechanisms, in conjunction, can lead to the appearance of cracks in masonry arch bridges and provide remedial measures accordingly.

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Yan, Qiao, et Ping Yang Jia. « The Application of Grouting Technology for Governance of Mined-Out Area under Large Channel ». Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (novembre 2012) : 1922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1922.

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The research on key technology of mined-out grouting filling management in large channels is carried out based on the geology and distribution characteristic, according to YUZHOU coal mining area on the main channel of the middle rout in the South-to-North water transfer project. This article describes the formula of the goaf governance width, material liquid ratio of filling and sealing grouting, and studies the drilling and grouting technology and then proposes the methods and standards of grouting quality inspection which combines the comprehensive analysis of geological CT scanning, grouting texting and grouting result of data.

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K.C., Jharendra, Deepak Gautam, Purushottam Neupane et Kabi Raj Paudyal. « Landslide inventory mapping and assessment along the Ramche-Jharlang area in Dhading, Rasuwa and Nuwakot districts, Lesser Himalaya Central Nepal ». Journal of Nepal Geological Society 55, n^o 1 (4 juin 2018) : 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v55i1.22798.

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Landslides that are the major hazards, are concentrated along the river valley, road cut sections, cultivated lands and geologically adverse areas like fault zones, incompetent lithology, steep slopes and overhanging cliffs. Present study represents a small part of the Mahabharat Range within the Lesser Himalaya, where landslide inventory mapping was carried out in the Ramche-Jharlang area because it consists of numerous small to large landslides affecting ecology and society. The main objectives were to delineate both present and past landslides with their characters (geometry, geology, hydrogeology, slope geometry, triggering causes of landslides and their impacts) focusing on the present propagating trends in terms of its cause. The field investigation was carried out by field work in the landslide occurring areas, visual inspection, satellite image analysis, photographical analysis, interaction and interview with the locals and the affected groups. The study reveals nail scratching outlook in most of the hills. The slope failures were debris flow, debris slide, mud flow and deep-seated creeps. The Ramche landslide in the eastern part to the Jharlan-Chhyamthali in the western part, have been devastating and active now and then causing huge casualties. The utmost reasons for occurring small to large scale landslides are inherently weak geological setting along with some adverse geological structures in addition to the triggering factors like concentrated precipitation and earthquakes. Systematic landslide hazard mapping and mitigation measures based on the cause and consequences during the planning and construction stages of infrastructures are fundamental steps to reduce loss from landslide disaster in the region.

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Xie, Chang Hong. « Application of Crossing Borehole Hydraulic Fracturing in Coal Mine ». Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (janvier 2013) : 3282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3282.

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In order to solve technical problems which restricted coal mining operation, such as low penetrability of coal mass and low efficiency of gas extraction, according to geological mining condition of Yuyang Mine, Crossing Borehole Hydraulic Fracturing system was designed and investigated in N3704 west gas tunnel (below). The system was based on coal or rock mass hydraulic fracturing theory and gas flow theory. Through the experimental study of fracture and analysis of fracturing effect after inspection, the result of field test shows that Crossing Borehole Hydraulic Fracturing system could improve the gas extraction efficiency significantly. The test result provides a basis for hydraulic fracturing operation in other mines.

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Liu, Shucong, Hongjun Wang, Rui Li et Beilei Ji. « A Novel Feature Identification Method of Pipeline In-Line Inspected Bending Strain Based on Optimized Deep Belief Network Model ». Energies 15, n^o 4 (21 février 2022) : 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041586.

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Both long-distance oil and gas pipelines often pass through areas with unstable geological conditions or natural disasters. As a result, they are prone to bending, displacement, and deformation due to the action of an external environmental loading, which poses a threat to the safe operation of pipelines. The in-line inspection method that is based on the implementation of high-precision inertial measurement units (IMU) has become the main means of pipeline bending stress-strain detection technique. However, to address the problems of the inconsistent identification, low identification efficiency, and high misjudgment rate during the application of the traditional manual identification methods, a feature identification approach for the in-line inspected pipeline bending strain based on the employment of an optimized deep belief network (DBN) model is proposed in this work. In addition, our model can automatically learn features from the pipeline bending strain signals and complete classification and identification. On top of that, after the network model was trained and tested by using the actual pipeline bending strain inspection data, the extracted results showed that the model after the implementation of the training process could accurately identify and classify various pipeline features, with an identification accuracy and efficiency of 97.8% and 0.02 min/km, respectively. The high efficiency, elevated accuracy, and strong robustness of our method can effectively improve the in-line inspection procedure of pipelines during the enforcement of a bending strain load.

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Zhou, Yue, Chuang Wang, Bingxiang Yuan, Minjie Chen et Jianbing Lv. « Research on Visual Management Technology of Tunnel Construction Process Based on BIM Technology ». Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (17 décembre 2021) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9738820.

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In order to achieve more efficient management of BIM technology in the field of tunnel construction, this paper took Zhuhai Dahengqinshan No. 1 Tunnel as the project background and studied the visualization management technology of tunnel construction process based on BIM technology. Firstly, we created the 3D geological model and tunnel BIM model by using Revit, 3dsmax, and other software. Secondly, the detailed design was carried out, and there was no gap in the model after the detailed design was checked by ABAQUS software. Then, we checked the problems between disciplines and conducted collision inspection in the model. Finally, we carried out the 4D construction progress simulation to solve the conflict between time and space in the whole life cycle of tunnel construction. The results revealed that the deepening design could optimize the design scheme of tunnel construction engineering. Collision inspection directly exposed problems such as unscientific site layout. 4D construction schedule management could not only realize the visualization of field construction process but also improve the quality of project management compared with traditional means. The research results provide technical experience for the visualization management of tunnel construction.

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Kurochkina, Valentina, et Irina Yakovleva. « Effectiveness of the method of soil substitution under the foundations during the construction of a secondary school ». E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019) : 03032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503032.

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The hydro-geological conditions at the secondary school construction site in the village of Putilkovo, Moscow Region, were underestimated, and the method of soil replacement under- the foundation plates turned out to be inefficient. A brook in the construction zone and a high level of ground waters led to the wash-out of the soil from under the foundation plates at the time of spring floods. The construction works stopped because of the deformation of soil layers under the foundation plates as well as of the danger of the structure fall. The geodetic observations of the foundation settling and the inspection of bearing capacity of monolith structural elements were carried out, and the measures were taken on the strengthening of foundation soils by the grout injection method with the arrangement of soil-and-cement columns. The monolith basement structures were strengthened as well. The under-estimation of hydro-geological conditions at the design stage led to incorrect design solutions. The construction outage, the development of new design solutions and the introduction of these design solutions led to the increase in the project cost and a longer construction period.

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Elvira-Hernández, Ernesto A., Francisco López-Huerta, Héctor Vázquez-Leal, Quetzalcoatl Hernández-Escobedo et Agustín Leobardo Herrera-May. « Aerodynamic analysis of an unmanned aerial vehicle with infrared camera for monitoring oil leakage in pipeline networks ». Acta Universitaria 30 (12 février 2020) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2020.2534.

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Oil pipeline networks require periodic inspection to detect damages that can generate oil leakage in natural and human environments. These damages can be caused by geological hazard and interference from third party. In order to detect these damages, low-cost techniques that consider both the oil pipeline networks and the environment are required. In this paper, the aerodynamic analysis of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with Eppler 748 sailplane airfoil (wingspan of 1.635 m) is presented. The UAV can include a small infrared camera for monitoring oil leakage of a pipeline network using the infrared radiation related to oil. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the UAV is developed to predict its lift and drag coefficients as a function of the Reynolds number and the angle of attack (AoA). The air velocity profile around UAV is estimated with the CFD simulations. In addition, a scale model (1:6.5) of the UAV is fabricated using a 3D printer, which is tested employing a subsonic wind tunnel. For the UAV with AoA of 0, the drag and lift coefficients obtained with the CFD model have a similar behavior with respect to those measured through the subsonic wind tunnel. The designed UAV could be used for low-cost inspections of damages in oil pipeline networks in comparison with the use of helicopters or light aircraft.

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Lechmann, Alessandro, David Mair, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Antonio Ereditato, Ryuichi Nishiyama, Ciro Pistillo, Paola Scampoli, Fritz Schlunegger et Mykhailo Vladymyrov. « The effect of rock composition on muon tomography measurements ». Solid Earth 9, n^o 6 (21 décembre 2018) : 1517–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1517-2018.

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Abstract. In recent years, the use of radiographic inspection with cosmic-ray muons has spread into multiple research and industrial fields. This technique is based on the high-penetration power of cosmogenic muons. Specifically, it allows the resolution of internal density structures of large-scale geological objects through precise measurements of the muon absorption rate. So far, in many previous works, this muon absorption rate has been considered to depend solely on the density of traversed material (under the assumption of a standard rock) but the variation in chemical composition has not been taken seriously into account. However, from our experience with muon tomography in Alpine environments, we find that this assumption causes a substantial bias in the muon flux calculation, particularly where the target consists of high {Z2∕A} rocks (like basalts and limestones) and where the material thickness exceeds 300 m. In this paper, we derive an energy loss equation for different minerals and we additionally derive a related equation for mineral assemblages that can be used for any rock type on which mineralogical data are available. Thus, for muon tomography experiments in which high {Z2∕A} rock thicknesses can be expected, it is advisable to plan an accompanying geological field campaign to determine a realistic rock model.

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Clark, Donald. « Northern Cedar Mountains Red Beds, Tooele County ». Geosites 1 (12 mars 2019) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/geosites.v1i1.57.

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Recent mapping for the Tooele 30' x 60' quadrangle geologic map revealed more information about interesting exposures of red beds cropping out in an 11-mile (18-km) swath along the northwestern flank of the Cedar Mountains (Clark and others, 2017, 2019 in review). They are unusual because such rocks are seldom preserved in northwestern Utah, an area known for thick thrust sheets of Paleozoic marine carbonate and sandstone. These rocks were first mapped by Robert Maurer for his Ph.D. dissertation on the geology of the Cedar Mountains (Maurer, 1970). He called them North Horn (?) Formation and noted the presence of fresh-water snails (Gyraulus sp.) that a paleontologist said were probably of late Paleocene or Eocene age. The North Horn Formation is considered Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian age) to Paleocene or Eocene (~70 to 60 Ma) in age. However, recent detrital zircon analysis from sandstone in the unit suggest a much older age, with the youngest grains (maximum depositional age) of 117 Ma, or Early Cretaceous, Aptian (UGS and O’Sullivan, 2017). Two samples of gray mudstone taken for fossil pollen in the unit did not produce any usable material. Inspection of these rocks by Don DeBlieux (Utah Geological Survey paleontologist) revealed no bone or other biological material at this location.

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Wang, Yi Fan, Yong Xiang Zhang, Xiao Hu et Wei Chun Gao. « Study and Application on Detection of Groundwater Water Quality On-Line Monitoring Index ». Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (août 2013) : 1530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1530.

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Due to the geological, hydrogeological feature along the main canal and construction characteristics of the inner drainage section engineering in the south-to-north water transfer project, pollutants might enter into the main canal with the groundwater, which may cause the main canal water quality risk. This study confirmed the rationality of the sensor research and guarantees the stability and accuracy of the groundwater detection based on the contrast of accuracy on the index of and comparison between groundwater sensor inspection and lab analysis data. For demonstration field monitoring at the same time, the running data was stable. Setting up demonstration project lays a solid foundation for building the key technology that is suitable for the water conveyance project of major water pollution control and water quality security system.

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Aleksandrovych, Vadym, Olha Havryliuk et Valeriy Sukhov. « Peculiarities of engineering and geological surveys when inspecting the historical building of Kharkiv ». Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series Geology. Geography. Ecology, n^o 55 (1 décembre 2021) : 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-55-02.

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Formulation of the problem. The large volume of historic buildings that require major repairs, reconstruction and adaptation to modern use dictates the need to move to faster and more reliable technologies of architectural monuments restoration. In this regard, there is a need for a complex approach during the restoration work. The purpose of the article is to investigate the difficulty of obtaining the correct conclusions about the geological conditions of the building placement as a result of previously unqualified repair works on the example of engineering-geological surveys during the reconstruction of a historic building. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the analysis of engineering-geological conditions of the soil base of the building, visual inspection of the building, soil sampling from the pits in the basement of the survey object, as well as determining the physical-mechanical characteristics of the soil have been done. An analytical comparison of these data was performed to understand the constructive solution of the building foundations and engineering-geological conditions of their support. Results. During the working process, the lack of design and executive documentation for the building, as well as unqualified interference in its structure, was revealed. Therefore, one of the key issues was to determine the actual structure of the foundation, as well as the type and condition of its soil base. As a result of a complex analysis of the structural scheme of the underground part of the building, it was established that the basement was equipped after the construction of the building. To determine the structure, depth and condition of the foundation, pits were laid from the frontal and back walls of the building facade, which is adjacent to the site. During the laboratory studies of the soils, physical-mechanical characteristics were obtained for calculating building structures. Based on the data obtained, recommendations were issued for the further reconstruction of a non-residential building of the historical development of the city. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The necessity to research the actual technical state of building structures of a historical building is substantiated to assess the possibility of further reliable and safe operation according to its direct functional purpose, with the development of technical solutions and recommendations for further reconstruction of the building according to the needs of the customer, and ensuring its further uninterrupted and safe ope-ration. The practical application of the proposed results has been substantiated - the need for a complex approach during the restoration work for the further reconstruction of a non-residential building of the historical buildings of the city has been confirmed.

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Waltl, Peter, Benedikt Halldórsson, Halldór G. Pétursson et Markus Fiebig. « Geomorphic assessment of the urban setting of Húsavík, North Iceland, in the context of earthquake hazard ». Jökull 68, n^o 1 (15 décembre 2018) : 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2018.68.027.

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The Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone (HFFZ) is one of the largest system of transform faults in Iceland on which damaging earthquakes have repeatedly taken place. The town of Húsavík on the coast of the Tjörnes peninsula lies in an extensional basin formed due to a slight bend in the HFFZ. The fault movement and geological processes have over time created considerable spatial variations in both the topography and shallow subsurface materials on which the town resides. As a result, the earthquake hazard varies significantly within the town, and therefore the local seismic risk as well. In this study, we expand on previous research by mapping the geomorphology of the Húsavík area. Namely, the geomorphology identifies the secondary processes that can be activated during strong earthquake motions and cause additional damage or loss. Through field inspection and remote sensing we have examined the predominant surface geological types and actual and potential geomorphic phenomena and processes in the Húsavík area. The results are presented as a set of geological and geomorphological maps outlining the types and classes of geomorphological processes, along with the topography and slope inclinations of Húsavík. The geomorphological characteristics of the Húsavík area are shown to be largely dominated by mass gravitational motion such as landslides and rockfalls, primarily on the Húsavík mountain and along the Botnsvatn incline, but also along the coastline of Húsavík, especially along the steep slopes in the southernmost part of town. We have also identified areas with possible liquefaction potential within the town where fully water saturated Holocene sediments are located, prompting reevaluation of the local earthquake hazard, seismic risk, and urban planning.

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Zberovskyi, V. V., P. S. Pashenko, A. V. Pazynich et S. V. Stefanko. « INFLUENCE OF TECTONIC DISTURBANCES OF COAL LAYER ON HIS GAS DYNAMIC STATE ». Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 26, n^o 1(38) (4 septembre 2021) : 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2021.1(38).234711.

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Problem Statement and Purpose. At one of the coal mines of the Donetsk basin, there was a sudden release of coal and gas. The peculiarity of this case is that the accident happened in the place of the alleged development of a geological disturbance, but without any visible signs of this. Inspection of the ejection site and adjacent horizons made it possible to conclude that the emergency site is located in the place of the plicative disturbance development. Thus, it is necessary to study in more detail the influence of disturbed zones hidden nature on the gas-dynamic state of the reservoir, as well as to develop and implement methods for determining such zones. Data & Methods. To achieve this goal, a new method was tested, based on the property of structureless substances to form crystal-like units. This phenomenon has been studied for decades; therefore, such new formations have long been given the name quasicrystals. It was noted that the increase in the concentration of such forms is associated with the presence of geological disturbances. Consequently, the increase in quasicrystals in the rock is an indicator of its disturbance due to the influence of tectonic pressure. Thus, in order to test the technique and reveal the hidden geological disturbance of the coal seam, coal samples were taken, microstructural features were studied, and the strength of the coal seam was measured at 56 points. Result. As a result the values of the concentration of quasicrystals, data on the strength of the formation were obtained, a schematic map of the development of the disturbance in this area was built, its contours were determined, the center of the disturbed zone was identified and the role of such disturbances in the outburst hazard of the formation was substantiated. It has been established that geological disturbances, even of plicative nature, have a high degree of fracturing. Such pores and cracks in coal reduce the strength properties and are able to concentrate sufficient volumes of gas for manifestation of GDP.

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Yao, Min, Dongyue Wang et Min Zhao. « Element Analysis Based on Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence ». Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/290593.

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Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry is a nondestructive, rapid, multielement, highly accurate, and environment friendly analysis compared with other elemental detection methods. Thus, EDXRF spectrometry is applicable for production quality control, ecological environment monitoring, geological surveying, food inspection, and heritage analysis, among others. A hardware platform for the EDXRF spectrometer is designed in this study based on the theoretical analysis of energy-dispersive X-ray. The platform includes a power supply subsystem, an optical subsystem, a control subsystem, and a personal computer. A fluorescence spectrum analytical method is then developed to obtain the category and content of elements in a sample. This method includes qualitative and quantitative analyses. Finally, a series of experiments is performed. Results show that the precision of the proposed measurement method is below 8%, whereas its repeatability is below 2%.

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Walentek, Iwona, Marta Sołomacha et Kamilla Olejniczak. « Problem of unlicensed aggregates exploitation in Poland ». Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 32, n^o 1 (1 mars 2016) : 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2016-0003.

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Abstract Despite the absolute prohibition against minerals exploitation without having a mining concession, which was valid until the end of 2011, research conducted by the Polish Geological Institute–National Researching Institute has showed that minerals exploitation without having a mining concession has been prevalent all over the country, mainly that concerning sand and gravel aggregates. Unlicensed exploitation has a negative influence on the natural environment, lower landscape values as well as the State Treasury’s revenues. Actions taken by the geological administration bodies in order to punish a perpetrator have been ineffective. Administrative decisions that charged higher exploitation fees have been issued only in very few cases. But great majority of cases are discontinued after lengthy administrative proceedings. Attempts at liberalization the Geological and Mining Law dated 9 June 2011 (Journal of Laws No. 163, item 981), which since the beginning of 2012 has allowed owners of an area exploit sand and gravel aggregates for their own needs in amounts not greater than 10 m3 per year, do not contribute to eliminating this practice. A spatial database collecting information about points of unconcessioned minerals exploitation all over Poland has been operated since 2008, within the Geoenvironmental Map of Poland II – 1:50,000 scale managed by PIG-PIB. Only large mines and quarries have been taken into account (an area of more than 1 are). All points are verified during a site inspection, a full description and photographic documentation are made for every single working. There are over 2600 points of unconcessioned exploitation located in southern and south-western Poland currently included in the database. By the end of 2015, the registration of points in northern and north-eastern Poland will have been completed. The database with all the collected points is available at: emgsp.pgi.gov.pl.

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Ganova, S. D., O. V. Skopintseva, O. N. Isaev et V. P. Fedotova. « Visual evaluation of the condition of sites of location of linear objects of the Khasyrei deposit ». Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, n^o 5 (2 novembre 2018) : 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2018-5-71-74.

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When conducting visual observations, the main criteria for assessment of their sites of location’s state should include: the degree of chemical contamination and / or mechanical cluttering of the riverbed and the banks, the floodplain and valley slopes, the water-shed surface; the dynamics of geological-engineering process in the studied area; visible deformations of the linear objects. Comparison and analysis of data received in the process of visual inspection of the waterway crossings allow us to state out that all sites have the same common problem, which is the development of the erosion process on the natural slopes, or on the slopes of the roadway and of the road ditches. The most dangerous areas for the linear part of the pipelines are those that are characterized by complex stress conditions, including longitudinal slopes in the zone of exogenous process action, transitions through the waterways and marshes, and curvilinear sections.

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Foing, B. H., C. Stoker, J. Zavaleta, P. Ehrenfreund, C. Thiel, P. Sarrazin, D. Blake et al. « Field astrobiology research in Moon–Mars analogue environments : instruments and methods ». International Journal of Astrobiology 10, n^o 3 (14 mars 2011) : 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550411000036.

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AbstractWe describe the field demonstration of astrobiology instruments and research methods conducted in and from the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah during the EuroGeoMars campaign 2009 coordinated by ILEWG, ESA/ESTEC and NASA Ames, with the contribution of academic partners. We discuss the entire experimental approach from determining the geological context using remote sensing, in situ measurements, sorties with sample collection and characterization, analysis in the field laboratory, to the post sample analysis using advanced laboratory facilities.We present the rationale for terrestrial field campaigns to strengthen astrobiology research and the link between in situ and orbital remote sensing data. These campaigns are supporting the preparation for future missions such as Mars Science Laboratory, ExoMars or Mars Sample Return. We describe the EuroGeoMars 2009 campaign conducted by MDRS crew 76 and 77, focused on the investigation of surface processes in their geological context. Special emphasis was placed on sample collection and pre-screening using in-situ portable instruments. Science investigations included geological and geochemical measurements as well as detection and diagnostic of water, oxidants, organic matter, minerals, volatiles and biota.EuroGeoMars 2009 was an example of a Moon–Mars field research campaign dedicated to the demonstration of astrobiology instruments and a specific methodology of comprehensive measurements from selected sampling sites. We discuss in sequence: the campaign objectives and trade-off based on science, technical or operational constraints. This includes remote sensing data and maps, and geological context; the monitoring of environmental parameters; the geophysical context and mineralogy studies; geology and geomorphology investigations; geochemistry characterization and subsurface studies.We describe sample handling (extraction and collection) methods, and the sample analysis of soils and rocks performed in the MDRS laboratory using close inspection, initial petrological characterization, microscopy, Visible-NIR spectrometry, Raman spectrometry, X-ray diffraction/X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, soil analysis, electrochemical and biological measurements.The results from post-mission analysis of returned samples using advanced facilities in collaborator institutes are described in companion papers in this issue. We present examples of in-situ analysis, and describe an example investigation on the exploration and analysis of endolithic microbial mats (from reconnaissance, in-situ imaging, sampling, local analysis to post-mission sample analysis).

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Wu, Yanhui, Wei Wang, Guowei Zhu et Peng Wang. « Application of seismic multiattribute machine learning to determine coal strata thickness ». Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 18, n^o 6 (décembre 2021) : 834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxab054.

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Abstract The coal mining industry is developing automated and intelligent coal mining processes. Accurate determination of the geological conditions of working faces is an important prerequisite for automated mining. The use of machine learning to extract comprehensive attributes from seismic data and the application of that data to determine the coal strata thickness has become an important area of research in recent years. Conventional coal strata thickness interpretation methods do not meet the application requirements of mines. Determining the coal strata thickness with machine learning solves this problem to a large extent, especially for issues of exploration accuracy. In this study, we use seismic exploration data from the Xingdong coal mine, with the 1225 working face as the research object, and we apply seismic multiattribute machine learning to determine the coal strata thickness. First, through optimal selection, we perform seismic multiattribute extraction and optimal multiparameter selection by selecting the seismic attributes with good responses to the coal strata thickness and extracting training samples. Second, we optimise the model through a trial-and-error method and use machine learning for training. Finally, we illustrate the advantages of this method using actual data. We compare the results of the proposed model with results based on a single attribute, The results show that application of seismic multiattribute machine learning to determine coal strata thickness meets the requirements of geological inspection and has a good application performance and practical significance in complex areas.

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Sachko, Roman, Viktor Levit et Julia Strelnik. « THE MODERN STATE OF CAPITAL MOUNTAIN MAKING AND SUGGESTION IS IN RELATION TO SUPPORT AND INCREASE OF THEIR FIRMNESS ON PJSC «SHU «POKROVSKE» ». SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF DONNTU Series : “The Mining and Geology”, n^o 1(27)-2(28)2022 (2022) : 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-9575-2022-1(27)-2(28)-36-45.

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Purpose. Development and ground of rational parameters and energyeffective technologies of realization, method of guard and support of making are with the increase of depth of bedding. Methods. Further study of conformities to law of deformation of containing heterogeneous pedigree array and exposure of conformities to law of dynamics of the tensely-deformed state of containing array of making at the use of new methods of support or well-known with the changed parameters in certain geological terms on the basis of visual inspection and instrumental measuring of the mountain making at not in one’s dreams mountain pressure; comparative estimation of possible methods of support of making. Results. The improvement of the technology of installation and construction of the anchor-metal arch fastening when using the bearing capacity of the contour massif, taking into account its strengthening and unloading, is substantiated. Scientific novelty. Improvement of the design and technology of installation of anchor-metal arch fastening is based, in terms of the involvement of technical solutions, on increasing and using the bearing capacity of the near-contour massif, taking into account its unloading, based on modern research and many years of experience of PJSC “SHU “Pokrovske”. Practical significance. Achieving high rates of construction of capital and preparatory mining works, which ensure the highest production of coal in Ukraine. Keywords: mining, near-contour massif, methods of supporting mining, mining and geological conditions, anchor metal arch fastening.

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Hu, Qingfeng, Peng Wang, Shiming Li, Wenkai Liu, Yifan Li, Weiqiang Lu, Yingchao Kou, Fupeng Wei, Peipei He et Anzhu Yu. « Research on Intelligent Crack Detection in a Deep-Cut Canal Slope in the Chinese South–North Water Transfer Project ». Remote Sensing 14, n^o 21 (27 octobre 2022) : 5384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215384.

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The Chinese South–North Water Transfer Project is an important project to improve the freshwater supply environment in the Chinese interior and greatly alleviates the water shortage in the Chinese North China Plain; its sustainable, healthy, and safe operation guarantees ecological protection and economic development. However, due to the special expansive soil and deep excavation structure, the first section of the South–North Water Transfer Project canal faces serious disease risk directly manifested by cracks in the slope of the canal. Currently, relying on manual inspection not only consumes a lot of human resources but also unnecessarily repeats and misses many inspection areas. In this paper, a monitoring method combining depth learning and Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) high-definition remote sensing is proposed, which can detect the cracks of the channel slope in time and accurately and can be used for long-term health inspection of the South–North Water Transfer Project. The main contributions are as follows: (1) aiming at the need to identify small cracks in reinforced channels, a ground-imitating UAV that can obtain super-clear resolution remote-sensing images is introduced to identify small cracks on a complex slope background; (2) to identify fine cracks in massive images, a channel crack image dataset is constructed, and deep-learning methods are introduced for the intelligent batch identification of massive image data; (3) to provide the geolocation of crack-extraction results, a fast field positioning method for non-modeled data combined with navigation information is investigated. The experimental results show that the method can achieve a 92.68% recall rate and a 97.58% accuracy rate for detecting cracks in the Chinese South–North Water Transfer Project channel slopes. The maximum positioning accuracy of the method is 0.6 m, and the root mean square error is 0.21 m. It provides a new technical means for geological risk identification and health assessment of the South–North Water Transfer Central Project.

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Fu, Dong, Chao Su, Wenjun Wang et Rongyao Yuan. « Deep learning based lithology classification of drill core images ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2022) : e0270826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270826.

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Drill core lithology is an important indicator reflecting the geological conditions of the drilling area. Traditional lithology identification usually relies on manual visual inspection, which is time-consuming and professionally demanding. In recent years, the rapid development of convolutional neural networks has provided an innovative way for the automatic prediction of drill core images. In this work, a core dataset containing a total of 10 common lithology categories in underground engineering was constructed. ResNeSt-50 we adopted uses a strategy of combining channel-wise attention and multi-path network to achieve cross-channel feature correlations, which significantly improves the model accuracy without high model complexity. Transfer learning was used to initialize the model parameters, to extract the feature of core images more efficiently. The model achieved superior performance on testing images compared with other discussed CNN models, the average value of its Precision, Recall, F1−score for each category of lithology is 99.62%, 99.62%, and 99.59%, respectively, and the prediction accuracy is 99.60%. The test results show that the proposed method is optimal and effective for automatic lithology classification of borehole cores.

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Subarsyah, H. M. Manik et A. Albab. « Side-scan sonar image processing : Seabed classification based on acoustic backscattering ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 944, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2021) : 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012001.

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Abstract The smoothness of vessel traffic flow is the most important thing in the shipping industry of port. Traffic problems are commonly solved by development and maintenance programs. Seabed conditions in the port-channel should be known to be considered in port development and maintenance programs related to port efficiency, safety navigation, and berthing. The objective of this paper is to characterize seabed into several classes of geological features. The Seabed condition and characteristics are classified based on image processing of side scan sonar data. The image processing will extract pixel value parameters; intensity, entropy, and standard deviation. Classification use combination of these pixel view parameter to define each class. Seabed classification has been successfully carried out in Teluk Bayur Port and classified into five classes, sandy silt, silty sand, fine sand, coarse sand, and rocks or reefs. Indication of crack or shallow structure was also identified. These results of classification are necessary to verify by sediment sampling and visual inspection, and then it should be reclassified to become a valid classification.

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