Articles de revues : « Geoenergia »

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Igliński, Bartłomiej, Roman Buczkowski, Wojciech Kujawski, Marcin Cichosz et Grzegorz Piechota. « Geoenergy in Poland ». Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, n^o 5 (juin 2012) : 2545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.062.

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MARUNICH, Nikolai, et Violeta BOGDANOVA. « Application of the information system of geo-energy evaluation in educational and scientific extracurricular activities of students ». Acta et commentationes : Științe ale Educației 28, n^o 2 (août 2022) : 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36120/2587-3636.v28i2.50-56.

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The article describes the features of the use of scientific software in the extracurricular activities of students. The concept of automating the geoenergy assessment, the results of the implementation of the information system of the geoenergy approach are described. The importance of the developed information system in the formation of a sustainable interest in information and communication technologies and natural science research from the standpoint of STEAM is emphasized.

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Imansakipova, Botakoz, Shynar Aitkazinova, Auzhan Sakabekov, Gulim Shakiyeva, Meruyert Imansakipova et Omirzhan Taukebayev. « Improving the accuracy of predicting the hazard of the earth’s surface failure formation during underground mining of mineral deposits ». Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, n^o 4 (décembre 2021) : 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.04.015.

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Purpose. Development of a new approach to improving the accuracy of predicting situations in which the earth’s surface failures occur as a result of undermining a rock mass during the development of mineral deposits. Methods. The critical situations, including the earth’s surface failures, are predicted on the basis of assessing the value of geoenergy and studying its change as large volumes of rock mass are involved in mining. Analytical solutions based on the fundamental laws of physics and mechanics of continuous media are used. The research is performed using methods of cause-and-effect analysis. Findings. Based on the cause-effect relationship, determined between the change in the value of the mass geoenergy and deformation processes on the daylight surface of the field, an effective method has been developed for ranking it according to the degree of hazard of failure formation with the simultaneous use of two criteria. One of the criteria is determined by the relative change in geoenergy during the system transition from the initial (stable) state to the current one, which becomes unstable under certain conditions. The second criterion is formed on the basis of the change in geoenergy during the transition from the current (possibly unstable) state to the final (stable) state. Originality. For the first time, when zoning the daylight surface of a field according to the degree of hazard of failure formation, two ranking criteria are used simultaneously, based on the assessment of geoenergy accumulated in a heterogeneous mass, when it is undermined in the conditions of triaxial compression. Practical implications. The territory ranking method, developed on the basis of the used criteria for hazard of failure formation, allows improving the quality of situational control, predicting risk situations and their development, as well as optimizing the short-term and long-term plans for the development of mining operations.

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Horsfield, Brian, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Hans Joachim Krautz et Maria Mutti. « Geoenergy : From visions to solutions ». Geochemistry 70 (août 2010) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2010.06.002.

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Trutnevyte, Evelina, et Olivier Ejderyan. « Managing geoenergy-induced seismicity with society ». Journal of Risk Research 21, n^o 10 (27 mars 2017) : 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1304979.

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Monaghan, Alison A., David A. C. Manning et Zoe K. Shipton. « Comment on ‘Repurposing Hydrocarbon Wells for Geothermal Use in the UK : The Onshore Fields with the Greatest Potential. Watson et al. (2020)’ ». Energies 13, n^o 23 (2 décembre 2020) : 6373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236373.

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Green, William R. « Reviews ». Leading Edge 39, n^o 9 (septembre 2020) : 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39090683.1.

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Mathematical Geoenergy: Discovery, Depletion, and Renewal, by Paul Pukite, Dennis Coyne, and Daniel Challou, ISBN 978-1-119-43429-0, 2019, American Geophysical Union, 384 p., US$199.95 (print), US$159.99 (eBook).

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Espinosa-Paredes, G. « Heat Transfer Processes Upscaling in Geoenergy Fields ». Energy Sources, Part A : Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 36, n^o 20 (11 août 2014) : 2254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2011.565308.

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Zhang, Yingge, Zhihu Xia, Yanni Li, Anmai Dai et Jie Wang. « Sustainable Digital Marketing Model of Geoenergy Resources under Carbon Neutrality Target ». Sustainability 15, n^o 3 (20 janvier 2023) : 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032015.

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Geoenergy resources are a new type of clean energy. Carbon neutralization and carbon peaking require significant system reform in the field of energy supply. As a clean, low-carbon, stable and continuous non carbon-based energy, geothermal energy can provide an important guarantee for achieving this goal. Different from the direct way of obtaining energy, ground energy indirectly obtains heat energy from shallow soil and surface water. The vigorous development of geoenergy resources under China’s carbon neutrality goal plays an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the current carbon trading market is not understood by the public. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the impact of geoenergy resources on promoting sustainable digital marketing models. Every country around the world is working hard to meet its carbon neutrality goal. This paper analyzed the economic goal of carbon neutrality by analyzing the principle of the carbon trading market. For this reason, this paper designed a carbon trading price prediction algorithm based on the BP neural network (BPNN), which can predict prices in the carbon trading market in order to promote the accurate push of the digital marketing model and finally drive ground energy resources to promote a sustainable digital marketing model. The experimental results of this paper have proved that the price error rate of the BPNN carbon trading price prediction algorithm designed in this paper was within 10%, which was about 20% smaller than the traditional multiple regression analysis algorithm. This proved that the algorithm in this paper has a good performance and can provide accurate information to allow the digital marketing model to achieve sustainable digital marketing.

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Dychkovskyi, Roman, Mykola Tabachenko, Kseniia Zhadiaieva et Edgar Cabana. « Some aspects of modern vision for geoenergy usage ». E3S Web of Conferences 123 (2019) : 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301010.

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The paper represents analysis, which have helped to determine tendencies of usage secondary and renewable resources by means of their utilization within the closed ecological complex while implementing integrated cogeneration systems belonging to various sources. Both the current state and prospects of secondary and renewable resources use within the closed complex of a mining enterprise have been considered. Relying upon philosophical approaches as for the formation of a viewpoint concerning responsibility of the modern society to future generations, tendencies to form energy production and energy consumption on the basis of alternative radical technologies have been proposed. The authors have put forward tendencies to change coal mining and coal use while generating the raw material from the abandoned and out-of-balance reserves. Chances to use cogeneration systems by various energy sources have been considered. Formation of the unified power and chemical system to improve economic and ecologic expediency of the proposed measures is the key tendency of energy perfection as well as minimization of impact on the underground mine environment and on the surface to prolong activities of dying mining territories and to reduce social tension.

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Landivar Macias, Andony, et Alessandro F. Rotta Loria. « Electrokinetic treatments of soils : potential for geoenergy applications ». E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020) : 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020509002.

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The application of a direct current electric field to porous materials such as soils in the form of an electrokinetic treatment induces a variety of multiphysical phenomena. Critical phenomena involved during an electrokinetic treatment of soils are electrical migration (i.e., movement of ions), electroosmosis (i.e., movement of water), electrolysis (i.e., breakdown of chemical compounds), and electrochemical reactions (i.e., oxidation/reduction and precipitation/mineralization reactions). Such phenomena lead to changes in the structure of soils. As changes in the structure of soils induce variations in their properties and behaviors (e.g., thermo-hydro-mechanical), electrokinetic treatments represent resourceful means to address broad geoengineering challenges. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential of electrokinetic treatments as versatile techniques capable of providing solutions for diverse geoengineering applications via a controllable change of the properties and behaviors of soils. From this perspective, this work specifically encompasses electrokinetically induced phenomena in soils and expands on opportunities in the context of geoenergy applications, among others, which can be mediated by electrokinetic treatments.

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Hosking, L. J., H. R. Thomas et M. Sedighi. « A dual porosity model of high-pressure gas flow for geoenergy applications ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, n^o 6 (juin 2018) : 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0532.

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This paper presents the development of a dual porosity numerical model of multiphase, multicomponent chemical–gas transport using a coupled thermal, hydraulic, chemical, and mechanical formulation. Appropriate relationships are used to describe the transport properties of nonideal, reactive gas mixtures at high pressure, enabling the study of geoenergy applications such as geological carbon sequestration. Theoretical descriptions of the key transport processes are based on a dual porosity approach considering the fracture network and porous matrix as distinct continua over the domain. Flow between the pore regions is handled using mass exchange terms and the model includes equilibrium and kinetically controlled chemical reactions. A numerical solution is obtained with a finite element and finite difference approach and verification of the model is pursued to build confidence in the accuracy of the implementation of the dual porosity governing equations. In the course of these tests, the time-splitting approach used to couple the transport, mass exchange, and chemical reaction modules is shown to have been successfully applied. It is claimed that the modelling platform developed provides an advanced tool for the study of high-pressure gas transport, storage, and displacement for geoenergy applications involving multiphase, multicomponent chemical–gas transport in dual porosity media, such as geological carbon sequestration.

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Dychkovskyi, Roman, Mykola Tabachenko, Ksenia Zhadiaieva, Artur Dyczko et Edgar Cabana. « Gas hydrates technologies in the joint concept of geoenergy usage ». E3S Web of Conferences 230 (2021) : 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123001023.

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The paper represents the analysis, which has helped to establish the usage of gas hydrate technologies in the methane conversion. This gas could be obtained in different ways. Possibilities and sources for the gas obtaining have been demonstrated. Use of other environmentally friendly sources to support operation in such systems in terms of joint energy complex has been considered. The necessary kinetic connections to provide operational sustainability of all the constituents have been given. The approach helps evaluate quantitatively the priority of its physicochemical transformations to obtain gas hydrates artificially. It is possible to transport methane at considerable distances when it is solidified. Actually, in this case there is no necessity to build costly compressor stations and pipelines for its transportation to consumers. The approach is extremely important for mining regions as it helps prolong the operating period and working out of the abandoned and off-balance coal reserves. In this case, it is proposed to apply special gasification technologies tending to maximum methane recovery. The proposed solutions give the possibility to define the trends of our further research. They will be highlighted in the following authors’ studies.

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Lu, Meng, Tianfu Xu et Weon Shik Han. « Coupled Geoflow Processes in Subsurface : CO2-Sequestration and Geoenergy Focus ». Geofluids 2017 (2017) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5687586.

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Majuri, Pirjo, Anne Kumpula et Timo Vuorisalo. « Geoenergy permit practices in Finnish municipalities – Challenges with good governance ». Energy Strategy Reviews 32 (novembre 2020) : 100537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100537.

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Marunich, Nikolai. « Digital geoenergy coupon in the information system of geoecological-economic assessments ». Pskov region studies journal, n^o 45 (2021) : 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310013319-3.

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Mortada, A., R. Choudhary et K. Soga. « Multi-dimensional simulation of underground subway spaces coupled with geoenergy systems ». Journal of Building Performance Simulation 11, n^o 5 (15 février 2018) : 517–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2017.1407961.

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Grishin, Oleg, Ralitsa Todorova et Aleksandr Tolochko. « Energy Security of the Black Sea Region : Geostrategy and Geoenergy Measurement ». Przegląd Strategiczny, n^o 13 (31 décembre 2020) : 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2020.1.27.

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The purpose of the article is the analysis of the state of energy security in the states of the Black Sea region in terms of the geopolitics and geostrategies of different regional and international political forces. Energy security is interpreted as the provision of steady energy supply from different types and sources (diversification) and energy market stability. Energy security analysts have always emphasized the importance of energy and energy policies, but too often focused solely on the utilization of resources as an element of political power. The problem of energy and its security is often viewed as vague, misunderstood or unsolvable, with countries hostage to threats with hazardous consequences. A quality selection of analytical and statistical resources has been made to identify energy security problems, such as the growing dependence of most advanced industrial countries on oil and gas supplies, and increasing demand from developing economies for fuel. The objectives of the study are based on the notion of the regional division between the states of the Black Sea basin. The results of the study are founded on the analysis of the operations of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization and the geostrategic and geopolitics interests of the major players in the Black Sea region in the context of their energy security. The article is concluded with the suggestion of a potential solution to the problem of uneven geographic distribution of energy resources such as oil and gas on the political map of the world. The political instruments for influencing energy security in the EU, NATO, USA, Russia and Turkey are analyzed in the article. Recommendations for reducing potential conflicts in the Black Sea region and minimizing the impact on the energy security of the states involved by providing a steady energy supply are given.

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Khomenko, O. E., et V. I. Lyashenko. « Increase in Safety of Ores Extraction on the Basis of Geoenergy Use ». Occupational Safety in Industry, n^o 7 (juillet 2017) : 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2017-7-18-24.

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Majuri, Pirjo, Teppo Arola, Anne Kumpula et Timo Vuorisalo. « Geoenergy permits in Finnish regional administration – Contradictory practices and inadequate judicial regulation ». Renewable Energy 168 (mai 2021) : 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.110.

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Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena, Dieter Schmeißer, Maria Mutti, Olaf Kolditz, Ernst Huenges, Hans-Martin Schultz, Axel Liebscher et Michaela Bock. « Geoenergy : new concepts for utilization of geo-reservoirs as potential energy sources ». Environmental Earth Sciences 70, n^o 8 (8 novembre 2013) : 3427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2877-y.

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Perrons, Robert K., et Tonya Cosby. « Applying blockchain in the geoenergy domain : The road to interoperability and standards ». Applied Energy 262 (mars 2020) : 114545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114545.

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Heinemann, N., J. Alcalde, G. Johnson, J. J. Roberts, A. T. McCay et M. G. Booth. « Low-carbon GeoEnergy resource options in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK ». Scottish Journal of Geology 55, n^o 2 (12 septembre 2019) : 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg2019-007.

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Payton, Ryan L., Mark Fellgett, Brett L. Clark, Domenico Chiarella, Andrew Kingdon et Saswata Hier-Majumder. « Pore-scale assessment of subsurface carbon storage potential : implications for the UK Geoenergy Observatories project ». Petroleum Geoscience 27, n^o 2 (13 janvier 2021) : petgeo2020–092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-092.

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The growing importance of subsurface carbon storage for tackling anthropogenic carbon emissions requires new ideas to improve the rate and cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) project development and implementation. We assessed sandstones from the UK Geoenergy Observatories (UKGEOS) site in Glasgow, UK and the Wilmslow Sandstone Formation (WSF) in Cumbria, UK at the pore scale to indicate suitability for further assessment as CCS reservoirs. We measured porosity, permeability and other pore geometry characteristics using digital rock physics techniques on microcomputed tomographic images of core material from each site. We found the Glasgow material to be unsuitable for CCS due to very low porosity (up to 1.65%), whereas the WSF material showed connected porosity up to 26.3% and permeabilities up to 6040 mD. Our results support the presence of a percolation threshold at 10% total porosity, introducing near full connectivity. We found total porosity varies with permeability with an exponent of 3.19. This provides a reason to assume near full connectivity in sedimentary samples showing porosities above this threshold without the need for expensive and time-consuming analyses.Supplementary material: Information about the boreholes sampled in this study, additional well logs of boreholes and a summary of the supporting data plotted throughout this article from literature are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5260074Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage

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Kharitonov, Andrey L. « Regional geological aspects of the territorial distribution of geoenergy (hydrocarbon) resources within central type structures ». GEOLOGY GEOGRAPHY AND GLOBAL ENERGY, n^o 1 (2022) : 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54398/2077-6322_2022_1_53.

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Ji, Yinlin, Hannes Hofmann, Kang Duan et Arno Zang. « Laboratory experiments on fault behavior towards better understanding of injection-induced seismicity in geoenergy systems ». Earth-Science Reviews 226 (mars 2022) : 103916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103916.

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GORDIENKO, V. V., et I. V. GORDIENKO. « Maps of deep heat flow and geothermal resources in Ukraine http://gpimo.nas.gov.ua/en/node/1176 ». Geology and Mineral Resources of World Ocean 18, n^o 4 (2022) : 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.04.041.

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A technique for processing the material used to map the deep heat flow (HF) on the territory of Ukraine and constructing a map of geothermal resources on its basis is considered. We are talking about the deep (corrected) HF, since its error (determined by the differences in values at close points) is noticeably smaller than in the observed one, and only its values can be used to build thermal models of the earth's crust and upper mantle and solve the indicated applied problem. Due to the unique study of Ukraine in this parameter, which has been going on for almost 60 years, there are still significant fragments of the territory where the HF has not been determined. This is due to the lack of boreholes in such areas suitable for temperature measurements in the required depth interval with the required accuracy. Of course, any means of processing the experimental material in the territories adjacent to such white spots cannot completely replace a full-fledged study of HF within them. Nevertheless, the existing methods of geostatistics allow, by processing the available network of results, to ensure the construction of a map of the entire study area. In our case, the kriging technique was applied. The method works best inside a wrapper defined by peripheral data. In areas with a stable «wavelength» of HF anomalies, it is possible to fill in the gaps of the map without any problems. Naturally, with a noticeable smoothing of field variations. Most of the processed fragments of the map belonged to this type. A new edition of the description of the distribution of Ukraine's geoenergy resources is considered. We used a map of the deep heat flow processed by the kriging method and the construction of maps by region with the calculation of thermal conductivity at depths of up to 6 km at their contacts. This allowed to fill in the gaps in the network of experimental data and clarify the position and intensity of parameter anomalies in the southern part of the Carpathians, the north-eastern slope of the shield, in the Donbass and improve the overall assessment of geoenergy resources (up to 1.1 trillion tons of reference fuel). Geothermal energy from the deepest possible extraction interval (5.5—6.0 km) is about 26 times larger than the reserves of all fossil fuels in Ukraine.

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Cvetković, Marko, Bojan Matoš, David Rukavina, Iva Kolenković Močilac, Bruno Saftić, Tomislav Baketarić, Marija Baketarić et al. « Geoenergy potential of the Croatian part of Pannonian Basin : insights from the reconstruction of the pre-Neogene basement unconformity ». Journal of Maps 15, n^o 2 (3 juillet 2019) : 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1645052.

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Ma, Xiaodong, Marian Hertrich, Florian Amann, Kai Bröker, Nima Gholizadeh Doonechaly, Valentin Gischig, Rebecca Hochreutener et al. « Multi-disciplinary characterizations of the BedrettoLab – a new underground geoscience research facility ». Solid Earth 13, n^o 2 (2 février 2022) : 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022.

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Abstract. The increased interest in subsurface development (e.g., unconventional hydrocarbon, engineered geothermal systems (EGSs), waste disposal) and the associated (triggered or induced) seismicity calls for a better understanding of the hydro-seismo-mechanical coupling in fractured rock masses. Being able to bridge the knowledge gap between laboratory and reservoir scales, controllable meso-scale in situ experiments are deemed indispensable. In an effort to access and instrument rock masses of hectometer size, the Bedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences and Geoenergies (“BedrettoLab”) was established in 2018 in the existing Bedretto Tunnel (Ticino, Switzerland), with an average overburden of 1000 m. In this paper, we introduce the BedrettoLab, its general setting and current status. Combined geological, geomechanical and geophysical methods were employed in a hectometer-scale rock mass explored by several boreholes to characterize the in situ conditions and internal structures of the rock volume. The rock volume features three distinct units, with the middle fault zone sandwiched by two relatively intact units. The middle fault zone unit appears to be a representative feature of the site, as similar structures repeat every several hundreds of meters along the tunnel. The lithological variations across the characterization boreholes manifest the complexity and heterogeneity of the rock volume and are accompanied by compartmentalized hydrostructures and significant stress rotations. With this complexity, the characterized rock volume is considered characteristic of the heterogeneity that is typically encountered in subsurface exploration and development. The BedrettoLab can adequately serve as a test-bed that allows for in-depth study of the hydro-seismo-mechanical response of fractured crystalline rock masses.

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Rezaeyan, Amirsaman, Vitaliy Pipich, Jingsheng Ma, Leon Leu, Timo Seemann, Gernot Rother, Lester C. Barnsley et Andreas Busch. « Predicting Fluid Flow Regime, Permeability, and Diffusivity in Mudrocks from Multiscale Pore Characterisation ». Transport in Porous Media 141, n^o 1 (16 novembre 2021) : 201–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01717-9.

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AbstractIn geoenergy applications, mudrocks prevent fluids to leak from temporary (H2, CH4) or permanent (CO2, radioactive waste) storage/disposal sites and serve as a source and reservoir for unconventional oil and gas. Understanding transport properties integrated with dominant fluid flow mechanisms in mudrocks is essential to better predict the performance of mudrocks within these applications. In this study, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments were conducted on 71 samples from 13 different sets of mudrocks across the globe to capture the pore structure of nearly the full pore size spectrum (2 nm–5 μm). We develop fractal models to predict transport properties (permeability and diffusivity) based on the SANS-derived pore size distributions. The results indicate that transport phenomena in mudrocks are intrinsically pore size-dependent. Depending on hydrostatic pore pressures, transition flow develops in micropores, slip flow in meso- and macropores, and continuum flow in larger macropores. Fluid flow regimes progress towards larger pore sizes during reservoir depletion or smaller pore sizes during fluid storage, so when pressure is decreased or increased, respectively. Capturing the heterogeneity of mudrocks by considering fractal dimension and tortuosity fractal dimension for defined pore size ranges, fractal models integrate apparent permeability with slip flow, Darcy permeability with continuum flow, and gas diffusivity with diffusion flow in the matrix. This new model of pore size-dependent transport and integrated transport properties using fractal models yields a systematic approach that can also inform multiscale multi-physics models to better understand fluid flow and transport phenomena in mudrocks on the reservoir and basin scale.

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Kamberis, Evangelos, Eleni Kokinou, Florika Koci, Katerina Lioni, Tiago M. Alves et Telo Velaj. « Triassic evaporites and the structural architecture of the External Hellenides and Albanides (SE Europe) : controls on the petroleum and geoenergy systems of Greece and Albania ». International Journal of Earth Sciences 111, n^o 3 (21 janvier 2022) : 789–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02151-4.

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Dastidar, Rahul. « Technology Focus : Formation Evaluation (February 2022) ». Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, n^o 02 (1 février 2022) : 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0222-0073-jpt.

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This marks the first of two Formation Evaluation features for 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic naturally has affected SPE meetings, causing many to be rescheduled or postponed indefinitely, but SPE papers continue to be a crucial source of technical knowledge. The selected papers explore simple and complex innovative approaches toward reservoir characterization to work around the absence of certain data. Paper SPE 203903 addresses issues related to safe and optimal operation of geoenergy applications related to induced seismicity as a result of pore-pressure fluctuations. The authors developed a finite-volume method with a multipoint approximation of fluxes for geomechanics and poromechanics that will cope with discontinuities in displacements, as occur in faults, on the level of discretization. The next paper demonstrates local calibration of a simple rock physics model that can provide valuable insights into the elastic properties, which then can be combined with seismic data for quantitative reservoir characterization away from the wellbore. The key, according to the author of paper OTC 30359, is the use of the Hashin-Shtrikman effective medium model with absolute upper and lower bounds for compressional and shear velocities of media that are composed of multiple constituents. The third paper explores the challenges of identifying and quantifying hydrocarbon sections because of little resistivity contrast between reservoirs and water zones in the absence of radioactive tools. The authors of paper SPE 202420 develop a work flow that integrates nuclear magnetic resonance with azimuthal resistivity to overcome the uncertainty of fluid typing and optimal wellbore placement. Despite the challenges our industry continues to face, authors of SPE conference papers continue to provide an important source of knowledge and experience. I hope you enjoy these papers and encourage you to visit OnePetro to find similar works that may deepen your interests and enhance your skills. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 203130 - Managing Sanding Risk in Sandstone Reservoir Through a New Constitutive Model by Surej Kumar Subbiah, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Schlumberger, et al. SPE 201672 - Estimating Reservoir and Fracture Properties From Stage-by-Stage Pressure-Decline Analysis in Horizontal Wells by HanYi Wang, The University of Texas at Austin, et al. SPE 202248 A Digital Core Laboratory Characterizing Oil/Water Transition Zones by Graeme Morrison, Woodside Energy

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Carpenter, Chris. « Finite-Volume Method Enables Simulation of Induced Seismicity ». Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, n^o 02 (1 février 2022) : 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0222-0075-jpt.

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203903, “A Collocated Finite-Volume Scheme for High-Performance Simulation of Induced Seismicity in Geoenergy Applications,” by A. Novikov, D.V. Voskov, SPE, and M. Khait, SPE, Delft University of Technology, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. In the complete paper, the authors develop a collocated finite-volume method (FVM) to study induced seismicity as a result of pore-pressure fluctuations. A discrete system is obtained based on a fully implicit coupled description of flow, elastic deformation, and contact mechanics at fault surfaces on a fully unstructured mesh. The cell-centered collocated scheme leads to convenient integration of the different physical equations because the unknowns share the same discrete locations on the mesh. Additionally, a multipoint flux approximation is formulated in a general procedure to treat heterogeneity, anisotropy, and cross-derivative terms for both flow and mechanics equations. Introduction The FVM has become an essential tool for flow and transport simulation because of its local conservation property. For mechanical deformation, however, the conservation property does not have the same importance. Nonetheless, the FVM is still an attractive choice because it represents conservation laws in integral form more naturally. Some authors in the literature use fixed-stress splitting algorithms to decouple mechanics and flow equations. These are a form of sequential implicit solution schemes and often lead to more-efficient simulations than fully implicit (FI) simulation. However, sequential schemes introduce certain restrictions on timestep sizes. On the other hand, FI schemes provide unconditionally convergent solutions and are more-robust and -convenient approaches for investigation of complex multiphysical problems. Although the FI approach does not imply any restriction on timestep size, it requires an efficient linear equation solution strategy for high-resolution models. In this study, the authors develop a collocated FI multipoint FVM scheme for poromechanics simulation of faulted reservoirs. The scheme can be used to solve poromechanics problems on unstructured polyhedral grids with minimal degrees of freedom per cell. It is also capable of considering material heterogeneity while preserving mass and momentum balances. This scheme is extended to consider discontinuities in displacements at faults. The developed algorithms have been embedded into the open-source Delft Advanced Research Terra Simulator (DARTS).

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Roberts, Jennifer J., Clare E. Bond et Zoe K. Shipton. « Fracking bad language – hydraulic fracturing and earthquake risks ». Geoscience Communication 4, n^o 2 (11 juin 2021) : 303–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-303-2021.

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Abstract. Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a borehole stimulation technique used to enhance permeability in geological resource management, including the extraction of shale gas. The process of hydraulic fracturing can induce seismicity. The potential to induce seismicity is a topic of widespread interest and public concern, particularly in the UK where seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing has halted shale gas operations and triggered moratoria. Prior to 2018, there seemed to be a disconnect between the conclusions of expert groups about the risk of adverse impacts from hydraulic-fracturing-induced seismicity and the reported level of public concern about hydraulic fracturing induced seismicity. Furthermore, a range of terminology was used to describe the induced seismicity (including tremors, earthquakes, seismic events, and micro-earthquakes) which could indicate the level of perceived risk. Using the UK as a case study, we examine the conclusions of expert-led public-facing reports on the risk (likelihood and impact) of seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing for shale gas published between 2012 and 2018 and the terminology used in these reports. We compare these to results from studies conducted in the same time period that explored views of the UK public on hydraulic fracturing and seismicity. Furthermore, we surveyed participants at professional and public events on shale gas held throughout 2014 asking the same question that was used in a series of surveys of the UK public in the period 2012–2016, i.e. “do you associate shale gas with earthquakes?”. We asked our participants to provide the reasoning for the answer they gave. By examining the rationale provided for their answers, we find that an apparent polarisation of views amongst experts was actually the result of different interpretations of the language used to describe seismicity. Responses are confounded by the ambiguity of the language around earthquake risk, magnitude, and scale. We find that different terms are used in the survey responses to describe earthquakes, often in an attempt to express the risk (magnitude, shaking, and potential for adverse impact) presented by the earthquake, but that these terms are poorly defined and ambiguous and do not translate into everyday language usage. Such “bad language” around fracking has led to challenges in understanding, perceiving, and communicating risks around hydraulic-fracturing-induced seismicity. We call for multi-method approaches to understand the perceived risks around geoenergy resources and suggest that developing and adopting a shared language framework to describe earthquakes would alleviate miscommunication and misperceptions. Our findings are relevant to any applications that present – or are perceived to present – the risk of induced seismicity. More broadly, our work is relevant to any topics of public interest where language ambiguities muddle risk communication.

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« Welcome to Geoenergy ». Geoenergy 1, n^o 1 (23 janvier 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geoenergy2022-004.

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« Geoenergy assessment of forest ecosystems of Transnistria ». Geographical Education and Cartography, n^o 28 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1893-2018-28-08.

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On the basis of the proposed geoenergy approach, the energy efficiency of forestry and ecosystems of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic in a single energy unit – joules has been studied. Relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the energy crisis in the 1970s has dramatically increased interest in the problem of energy consumption and energy saving. Despite the calls and practice of energy saving over a hundred years, the specific energy costs increased by 8-10 times. All these data indicate the need to introduce energy-efficient technologies of environmental management in all spheres of human activity. The geoenergy approach allows us to identify ways to optimize functioning of the forest ecosystems of Transnistria. The existing practice of forestry enterprises of the Republic leads to the destructive use of natural resources and the loss of oak plantations – the main forest-forming species of Transnistria. The final product of the enterprises is the volume of wood and not full restoration on a natural type of forests. The basis for the sustainable development model of the forest ecosystem of Transnistria is energy-efficient reforestation technology. Based on studies conducted in the Kalagur tract the article describes a technique for laying oak plantation by planting two-year seedlings (automated and manually) using forest environment, maternal spaces and the elements of natural regeneration associated rocks and shrubs. The use of mechanization is minimal in this reforestation technology and the use of the forest environment of the mother plantings is maximal. The energy intensity of the proposed reforestation technology is 0.004, which is several times lower than other reforestation technologies used in the country. The studies carried out in the Kalagur tract have also made it possible to assess the energy potential of forest ecosystems and the energy efficiency of forest management throughout the country. The proposed technology of optimization of forest ecosystems functioning allows not only to increase the energy potential of the forest, but also to create highly productive forests, valuable from economic and environmental points of view. In a promising energy-saving model of reforestation with minimal use of mechanization and other types of work we not only save energy (the cost of mechanization, fuel and labor), but also preserve the biodiversity of natural systems and increase the use of solar energy and precipitation.

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Vincent, Ceri, Helen Taylor-Curran, Paul Wilkinson, Christopher Rochelle, Simon Gregory, Colm Jordan, Philip Meldrum et al. « CO2 Monitoring Technologies at the UK Geoenergy Test Bed ». SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3821568.

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Ge, Shemin, et Martin O. Saar. « Review : Induced Seismicity During Geoenergy Development—A Hydromechanical Perspective ». Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth 127, n^o 3 (mars 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021jb023141.

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Bischoff, Alan, Jessica Fensom, Huafeng Tang, Marcos Rossetti et Andrew Nicol. « Processes controlling volcanic and epiclastic reservoir formation in a buried polygenetic stratocone ». Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 10 novembre 2021, SP520–2021–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp520-2021-137.

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AbstractUnderstanding the formation of volcanic and epiclastic reservoirs is pivotal for exploring geoenergy resources such as geothermal energy, hydrocarbons, and new CO2 sequestration and hydrogen storage opportunities. This paper examines the processes controlling the quality of pyroclastic and epiclastic reservoirs of the Kora volcano, an extinct stratocone presently buried in the offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. We conduct detailed seismic reflection interpretation, drillcore lithofacies and wireline-log description, petrographic analysis, and analytical tests to generate a unified framework that explains the formation of volcaniclastic reservoirs from basin to pore-scale.Each stage of construction and degradation of the Kora volcano is associated with particular processes that increase or reduce reservoir quality. Primary processes include quench fragmentation, deuteric mineral dissolution, and epiclastic sedimentation. Secondary processes comprise mineral alteration (mainly meteoric; minor hydrothermal and diagenetic), mechanical stress fracturing (mainly tectonic; minor magmatic and burial deformation), and pervasive biogenic cementation. Epiclastic conglomerates present the highest reservoir quality (average 23% porosity and up to 997 mD permeability), followed by lapilli-tuffs and tuff-breccias. In contrast, bioclastic epiclastic sandstones are typically cemented by carbonates and pyrite. Our models and interpretations will increase understanding of the formation of volcaniclastic reservoirs and aid exploration of geoenergy resources in volcanic terrains.

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Novellino, Alessandro, Luke Bateson et Colm Jordan. « Ground motion baseline analysis of the Cheshire UK GeoEnergy Observatory ». Scientific Reports 11, n^o 1 (12 août 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95191-4.

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AbstractSubsurface geonergy can induce ground motion and seismicity, however a scarcity of observations usually obscures the mechanisms underpinning such behaviour. Here, we analyse Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from ERS, ENVISAT and Sentinel-1 satellites for the period 1995–2017 and interpret ground deformation in the area of the planned Cheshire UK GeoEnergy Observatory ahead of facility contruction. Ground motion is dominated by the compaction of tidal flat deposits overlying two paleo-valleys, trending NNW–SSE. The western paleo-valley experienced faster subsidence rates in the period 1995–2007, whereas the eastern paleo-valley subsided faster in the period 2016–2017. The research highlights how baseline assessment can help differentiate natural variation from any anthropogenic effects associated with the growth of new subsurface technologies.

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Ireland, Mark T., Rachel Brown, Miles P. Wilson, Paul B. Stretesky, Andrew Kingdon et Richard J. Davies. « Suitability of Legacy Subsurface Data for Nascent Geoenergy Activities Onshore United Kingdom ». Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (15 juin 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.629960.

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The decarbonization of energy systems to achieve net zero carbon emissions will likely see the rapid development of carbon capture and storage, energy storage in the subsurface and geothermal energy projects. Subsurface data, in particular seismic reflection surveys and borehole data are vital for geoscientists and engineers to carry out comprehensive assessments of both the opportunities and risks for these developments. Their cost of acquisition means that such legacy data are commonly the only mechanism for site selection so biased data distribution must be accommodated. Here, legacy subsurface data from United Kingdom onshore hydrocarbon and coal exploration in the United Kingdom are collated and reviewed for their suitability for geoenergy activities. We provide a description of the spatial coverage and a chronology of the acquisition of key seismic reflection and borehole data, as well as examine data resolution and limitations. We discuss the implications of spatial variability in subsurface datasets and the associated subsurface uncertainty as this is vitally important to understanding the suitability of data for decision making. We examine societal aspects of data uncertainty and discuss that when the same data are used to communicate subsurface uncertainty and risk, the source of the data should also be considered, especially where data are not easily publicly accessible. Understanding the provenance and quality criteria of data are vitally important for future geoenergy activities and public confidence in subsurface activities. Finally, we ask should there be minimum data collection criterion, such as resolution requirements, ahead of subsurface activities with potentially significant impacts to the environment, economy, and society?

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Abdullah, Sulaiman, Yue Ma, Xiaohui Chen et Amirul Khan. « A Fully Coupled Hydro-Mechanical-Gas Model Based on Mixture Coupling Theory ». Transport in Porous Media, 14 mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-022-01784-6.

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Abstract The interactions of gas migration, water transport and mechanical deformation of rocks are significant for geoenergy industry (e.g. Carbon Capture and Storage, radioactive waste disposal); however, the hydro-mechanical-gas coupled model remains a challenge due to the gap between multiple disciplines (e.g. Geomechanics and Geoenergy). This work presents a novel hydro-mechanical framework model of fully coupled two-phase fluid transport in a deformable porous media through extending mixture coupling theory which is based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The main difference between the mixture coupling theory approach and other approaches (ex., mechanic's approach) is that the mixture coupling theory uses energy and entropy analysis by utilizing the unbalanced thermodynamics, while the mechanic's approach analyses the stress–strain tensors. The gas free energy has been included in the Helmholtz free energy balance equation. Three main governing equations have been obtained for solid, liquid and gas phases. Benchmark experiments and modelling based on classical continuum mechanics approaches are used to validate the model by comparing the measured data to the simulation results. The results have a good agreement with experimental data, demonstrating that gas migration has a great influence on water transport and deformation of the solids. The novelty of this study is that it is providing a new approach to study the multiphase flow coupling in porous media rather than the classic mechanic’s approach. Article Highlights A Hydro-Mechanical-Gas (HMG) model has been developed using the mixture coupling theory approach. The hydro-mechanical framework equations were established by using non-equilibrium thermodynamic and Darcy law. The model has been validated using published experimental data and the results of other researchers with different approaches.

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Monaghan, Alison A., David A. C. Manning et Zoe K. Shipton. « Discussion on ‘Borehole temperature log from the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site : a record of past changes to ground surface temperature caused by urban development’ : Scottish Journal of Geology, 56, 134-152, https://doi.org/10.1144/sjg2019-033 ». Scottish Journal of Geology, 10 décembre 2020, sjg2020–014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-014.

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In their analysis of temperature data, Watson and Westaway (2020) make substantial use of initial open information provided by the UK Geoenergy Observatory: Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site. They also offer criticisms on site location, heat resource size, design and costs, however these criticisms appear to be based on a misunderstanding of the purpose of the Glasgow Observatory. In order to mitigate misapprehensions for future Observatory users, we write in reply. The Glasgow Observatory has been developed as a multidisciplinary research facility; it is not a demonstrator of maximum mine water heat resource, which is by implication what Watson and Westaway (2020) would deem a success.

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Stalker, Linda, Jennifer J. Roberts, Leslie Mabon et Patrick G. Hartley. « Communicating leakage risk in the hydrogen economy : Lessons already learned from geoenergy industries ». Frontiers in Energy Research 10 (10 août 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.869264.

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Hydrogen is set to play a part in delivering a net zero emissions future globally. However, previous research finds that risk perception issues are particularly challenging for emerging and potentially unfamiliar technologies. Hydrogen as a fuel falls into this category. Thus, while the hydrogen value chain could offer a range of potential environmental, economic and social benefits, it is imperative that the roll-out of hydrogen fits with societal expectations of how risk ought to be managed—and by whom. Communication and engagement are critical to ensure 1) communities and stakeholders are able to come to informed decisions on hydrogen and 2) developers, operators and regulators are able to respond to societal concerns and adapt practices appropriately.Within the hydrogen value chain, geological storage may be an important step, but could present challenges in terms of perceived safety. Lessons can be learned from international research and practice of CO2 and natural gas storage in geological formations [for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and power respectively] which may be relevant to hydrogen storage in salt caverns or porous sandstones. We draw on these analogues to present potential societal risk perception issues which may arise for geological storage of hydrogen. We argue that site-specific communication and engagement strategies, underpinned by broad-based principles covering the entire span of the project and a clear rationale for how hydrogen benefits the climate and the most vulnerable members of society under an energy crisis, will be critical to fostering societal support for geological hydrogen storage.

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« Special issue : Geoenergy and Geoenvironment (GeGe) / Numéro spécial : La géoénergie et le géoenvironnement (GeGe) ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, n^o 11 (novembre 2017) : v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0601.

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Madirisha, Makungu, Robert Hack et Freek Van der Meer. « The Role of Organic Acid Metabolites in Geoenergy Pipeline Corrosion in a Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Environment ». SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3984079.

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Monaghan, Alison A., V. Starcher, H. F. Barron, K. Shorter, K. Walker-Verkuil, J. Elsome, T. Kearsey, S. Arkley, S. Hannis et E. Callaghan. « Drilling into mines for heat : geological synthesis of the UK Geoenergy Observatory in Glasgow and implications for mine water heat resources ». Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 10 juin 2021, qjegh2021–033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-033.

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Thermal energy from groundwater in abandoned, flooded, coal mines has the potential to make a significant contribution to decarbonization of heat and net-zero carbon emissions. In Glasgow, UK, a subsurface observatory has been constructed for mine water heat and heat storage research. We synthesize geological and mine water resource findings from a 4 year period of borehole planning, drilling, logging and testing. The heterogeneous bedrock is typical of the Scottish Coal Measures Group, whereas superficial deposits are more sand- and gravel-dominated than predicted. Mine water boreholes encountered workings in the Glasgow Upper, Glasgow Ell and Glasgow Main coal seams, proving water-filled voids, mine waste, fractured rock mass and intact coal pillars, with high yields on initial hydrogeological testing. Although the depth and extent of mine workings delineated on mine abandonment plans proved accurate, metre-scale variability was expected and proved in the boreholes. A mine water reservoir classification established from the observatory boreholes highlights the resource potential in areas of total extraction, stowage, and stoop and room workings. Because their spatial extent is more extensive across the UK than shafts or roadways, increasing the mine water energy evidence base and reducing exploration risk in these types of legacy workings is important.Supplementary material: Borehole reports and other datasets are available at https://ukgeos.ac.uk/data-downloads (mixture of over 20 DOI datasets and reports or data packs published openly on https://nora.nerc.ac.uk; all material is deposited in the National Geoscience Data Centre).

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Haghi, Amir H., Richard Chalaturnyk, Martin J. Blunt, Kevin Hodder et Sebastian Geiger. « Poromechanical controls on spontaneous imbibition in earth materials ». Scientific Reports 11, n^o 1 (8 février 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82236-x.

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AbstractOver the last century, the state of stress in the earth’s upper crust has undergone rapid changes because of human activities associated with fluid withdrawal and injection in subsurface formations. The stress dependency of multiphase flow mechanisms in earth materials is a substantial challenge to understand, quantify, and model for many applications in groundwater hydrology, applied geophysics, CO2 subsurface storage, and the wider geoenergy field (e.g., geothermal energy, hydrogen storage, hydrocarbon recovery). Here, we conduct core-scale experiments using N2/water phases to study primary drainage followed by spontaneous imbibition in a carbonate specimen under increasing isotropic effective stress and isothermal conditions. Using X-ray computed micro-tomography images of the unconfined specimen, we introduce a novel coupling approach to reconstruct pore-deformation and simulate multiphase flow inside the deformed pore-space followed by a semi-analytical calculation of spontaneous imbibition. We show that the irreducible water saturation increases while the normalized volume of spontaneously imbibed water into the specimen decreases (46–25%) in response to an increase in effective stress (0–30 MPa), leading to higher residual gas saturations. Furthermore, the imbibition rate decreases with effective stress, which is also predicted by a numerical model, due to a decrease in water relative permeability as the pore-space becomes more confined and tortuous. This fundamental study provides new insights into the physics of multiphase fluid transport, CO2 storage capacity, and recovery of subsurface resources incorporating the impact of poromechanics.

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Fusseis, Florian, Ian B. Butler, Damien Freitas, Alexis Cartwright-taylor, Stephen Elphick et Edward Andò. « 4-dimensional in-situ/in-operando µ-CT imaging of geological processes at elevated temperatures and pressures using x-rays ». e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing 27, n^o 3 (mars 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/26575.

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Micro-scale processes have a profound effect on geoenergy applications, ore formation, underground waste storage, geomechanics, and seismic and volcanic hazards. Understanding these processes is thus important for most of our societal interests in the geosphere. However, important aspects of these processes are still poorly understood. This is because replicating the ambient conditions, in particular high pressures and temperatures, in experiments remains challenging. The means to document progress during experiments are limited and, as a consequence, the results of classical 'black-box experiments', equipped only with indirect monitoring systems, are often inconclusive. In-situ imaging of geological processes in experimental studies allows the direct observation and quantification of grain-scale developments that define the macro-scale behavior of geomaterials,with the limitation of small sample sizes. In-situ imaging thus provides a possibility to overcome some of the limitations of classical experiments. Conducting such in-situ µ-CT experiments at the relevant conditions while simultaneously acquiring image data of sufficient quality comes with its own challenges, and extracting relevant quantitative information from the resulting image data remains difficult. Here we present an overview over our activities in that field over the past decade. We outline an array of bespoke x-ray-transparent experimental environments that can recreate a wide range of geological conditions, and demonstrate how previously inaccessible information is gathered from the resulting data using advanced image analysis with the open-source python library SPAM. We demonstrate that the technique promises to significantly advance our understanding of processes shaping the geosphere.

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Yoshioka, Keita, Amir Sattari, Mathias Nest, Ralf-Michael Günther, Frank Wuttke, Thomas Fischer et Thomas Nagel. « Numerical models of pressure-driven fluid percolation in rock salt : nucleation and propagation of flow pathways under variable stress conditions ». Environmental Earth Sciences 81, n^o 5 (17 février 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10228-9.

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AbstractSuccess of our ongoing energy transition largely depends on subsurface exploitation. The subsurface can act as a “battery” to store energy dense fluids such as hydrogen, or a “host” to sequester unwanted substances such as carbon dioxide or radioactive waste. On the other hand, these operations cause the subsurface pressure and/or temperature to change and induce various (or cyclical) loadings to the surrounding formations. Their operational safety crucially hinges upon the subsurface integrity. The most imminent risk is nucleation of cracks that can lead to loss of mechanical integrity. Unlike hydraulic fracturing in geoenergy applications where one deliberately initiates cracks at certain targets, we normally design a system to avoid fracturing. At the designing stage, we thus have no prior knowledge of crack initiation locations or propagation paths. And, the computational designing tools should be able to assess the fracturing risk without such prior knowledge. In this study, we compared three computational approaches that do not require prescribed crack geometries—the discrete element method, the lattice element method, and the variational phase-field approach—against percolation experiments on rock salt. The experimental results show different fracture propagation paths depending on the boundary loads. The fracture geometries were reasonably matched by all approaches despite some differences in path irregularities. While the variational phase-field approach predicts relatively regular fracture paths, the paths predicted by the discrete and the lattice element methods are more irregular. These irregularities may seem more comparable to intergrain failure in real rocks, but they are also necessary triggers for fracture initiation in the discrete and the lattice element methods. In contrast, the fracture initiation in the variational phase-field approach is a realization of the energy minimization in the system, and the grain level descriptions are absent in the current formulation. These findings highlight their predictive capabilities and gaps to be bridged between the grain and continuum scales for field-scale applications.

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