Bibliographies thématiques / Geo-hazards

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Geo-hazards »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Geo-hazards"

Tian, Shu Jun, et Ji Ming Kong. « Susceptibility Forecast of Geo-Hazard under the Conditions of Earthquake and Rainfall ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (août 2013) : 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1219.

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Large amount of loose deposits and potential geo-hazards were formed by Wenchuan earthquake, which would be transformed into collapses, landslide and debris flows under the condition of rainfall or aftershock. The paper divides influence factors into triggering factors and background factors, and constitutes susceptibility forecast system for geo-hazard based on factors in parallel or series. The background system contains stratum, distance to river, relief, slope and aspect of slope. And the triggering system includes distance to seismic fault and rainfall. The paper applies and verifies the system to forecast the susceptibility of geo-hazard in study area, and the result shows that 52 small watersheds are in extremely high and high states accounting for 37.68% in 138 small watersheds. According to the statistics of 23 geo-hazards from field investigation, 13 geo-hazards are in extremely high risk grade of susceptibility and 10 geo-hazards are in high risk grade of susceptibility, which shows that the result of susceptibility forecast of geo-hazard is reasonable.

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Giang, Nguyen Cong, Nguyen Van Manh et Nguyen Quang Phich. « Numerical investigation on the tunneling and mining induced geo-hazards : Case study in Quang Ninh, Vietnam ». Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 14, n^o 3 (23 juillet 2020) : 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/10.31814/stce.nuce2020-14(3)-06.

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In the field of rock mechanics, underground construction and mining, there have been many proposed methods for studying geo-hazards and also many research results that have been published in the world. In Vietnam, the numerical method is mainly used for analysis and design but not going deeply to predict the possible causes that lead to geo-hazards due to complex geological conditions. On the other hand, underground constructions and exploitation projects are often designed based on standards, regulations and experiences. The physical mechanism as well as the possibility of geo-hazards occurred when constructing underground structures and mining can take on various forms, depending on geological conditions and construction technology. Therefore, using numerical methods to simulate and analyze the possible geo-hazards is essential. This article presents a number of specific analysis cases, taking into account geological conditions and boundary conditions, and from that, raising a number of issues to note when using numerical methods. Keywords: underground mining; numerical method; geo-hazards; rock mechanics; FLAC2D.

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Patra, Subhankar. « Coastal Geo-environmental Hazards and Its Management ». Archives of Current Research International 10, n^o 3 (10 janvier 2017) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2017/36601.

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Senanayake, Sumudu, Biswajeet Pradhan, Alfredo Huete et Jane Brennan. « A Review on Assessing and Mapping Soil Erosion Hazard Using Geo-Informatics Technology for Farming System Management ». Remote Sensing 12, n^o 24 (11 décembre 2020) : 4063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244063.

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Soil erosion is a severe threat to food production systems globally. Food production in farming systems decreases with increasing soil erosion hazards. This review article focuses on geo-informatics applications for identifying, assessing and predicting erosion hazards for sustainable farming system development. Several researchers have used a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods with erosion models, integrating geo-informatics techniques for spatial interpretations to address soil erosion and land degradation issues. The review identified different geo-informatics methods of erosion hazard assessment and highlighted some research gaps that can provide a basis to develop appropriate novel methodologies for future studies. It was found that rainfall variation and land-use changes significantly contribute to soil erosion hazards. There is a need for more research on the spatial and temporal pattern of water erosion with rainfall variation, innovative techniques and strategies for landscape evaluation to improve the environmental conditions in a sustainable manner. Examining water erosion and predicting erosion hazards for future climate scenarios could also be approached with emerging algorithms in geo-informatics and spatiotemporal analysis at higher spatial resolutions. Further, geo-informatics can be applied with real-time data for continuous monitoring and evaluation of erosion hazards to risk reduction and prevent the damages in farming systems.

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Ge, Yong Gang, Feng Huan Su, Xiao Qing Chen et Jian Qiang Zhang. « Destructions on the Karakoram Highway (KKH) from Sost to Khunjerab Induced by Geo-Hazards and Prevention ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (mars 2015) : 1234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1234.

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The Karakoram Highway (KKH), from Islamabad of Pakistan to Kasha of China, passed through the junction areas of the mountains of Karakoram, Himalaya and Hindu Kush and suffers serious destruction of different geo-hazards. This work analyzed distribution and characteristics of geo-hazards, including debris avalanches, rock falls, debris flows, landslides and flash flood along Khunjerab River from Sost to Khungerab and their destructions on KKH(K726~K821). These geo-hazards are commonly initiated by intensive rainfall and melting of glacier and snow, and numerously occurred, especially debris avalanches, rock falls and debris flows, to seriously destruct highway and frequently interrupt traffic. The destructions of highway mainly came from the burying of landslides, debris flows and debris avalanches, the scouring of debris flow and flash flood, the submerging of dammed lakes induced by debris flows and landslides as well as the breaking of rock falls. After analyzing the lessons and experience of geo-hazards mitigating and highway protecting since 1970s, the measures of hazards mitigating, including identifying potential hazard sites,controlling and disposing rock falls in time,integrated controlling debris avalanches, debris flows, landslides and flash flood, establishing emergency treatment plans for hazard chain and founding hazards alarming and highway safe protecting system, are strongly suggested for highway protecting and traffic security.

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Tiêu, Nguyễn Duy, Nguyễn Trần Tân, Trương Công Ánh, Nguyễn Văn Bút, Nông Quốc Khánh et Trần Nhật Ký. « Nghiên cứu ứng dụng phương pháp Georada trong các lĩnh vực : điều tra tai biến địa chất, địa chất công trình, tìm kiếm nước ngầm vỡ khoáng sản kim loại ». VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 30, n^o 4 (13 mai 2008) : 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/31/4/11776.

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Vennari, Carmela, Paola Salvati, Cinzia Bianchi, Domenico Casarano, Mario Parise, Alessia Basso et Ivan Marchesini. « AReGeoDatHa : Apulian Regional GeoDatabase for geo-hydrological Hazards ». Journal of Environmental Management 322 (novembre 2022) : 116051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116051.

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Buslima, F. S., R. C. Omar, Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin et Hairin Taha. « Flood and Flash Flood Geo-Hazards in Malaysia ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, n^o 4.35 (30 novembre 2018) : 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23103.

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Floods are natural phenomena of geo-hazards that usually happened when experiencing prolonged heavy rainfalls. Floods in Malaysia can be categorized into monsoon floods and flash floods. Monsoon floods is caused of Northeast Monsoon season commences in early November and ends in March that brings heavy rainfall, particularly to the east coast states of Peninsular Malaysia and western Sarawak. Flash floods usually occur in areas with rapid development by a rapid rise in water level, high velocity, and large amounts of debris. Flooding that occurred in December 2014 can be classified as worst floods that affected several states in Peninsular Malaysia, and the worst affected is Kelantan state. This disaster was recorded more than 200,000 people were affected with 21 people were killed and gives a massive impact on people, properties, agriculture, livestock, and infrastructure facilities. Following the worst floods that hit Malaysia in 2014, the opinions and views from various parties such as subject matter experts was needed to produce mitigations and prevents of the flood disaster at once to minimize vulnerability to hazard.

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Yin, Yueping, et Xiaochuan Li. « ICL-CGS Seminar on Geo-hazards in Xi’an ». Landslides 8, n^o 3 (12 août 2011) : 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0289-1.

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Chen, Xiao Hui, Xun Hua Zhang et Ri Hui Li. « Types and Acoustic Reflection Characteristics of Geo-Hazards in the Western of the North Yellow Sea ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 137 (octobre 2011) : 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.137.374.

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The geological environments in the western of the North Yellow Sea(NYS) are comparatively complicated and pregnant with various geo-hazards. High-resolution sub-bottom seismic data and previous research progress have been used to examine marine geo-hazards’ types, acoustic reflection features, origins and disaster mechanisms. The results indicate that the hazardous types are complicated and multiple in the western of the NYS, including tidal sand ridge, sand wave, tidal erosion gutter, underwater shoal, shallow gas, buried paleo-channel, active fault, irregular bedrock and so on. They have some connections as well as differentiations in their distribution and genesis. This paper can provide the theoretical basis on marine engineering, disaster prevention and mitigation in the western of the NYS . More attention should be given to severe geo-hazards that can constitute direct or potential hazards to the economic development and engineering construction.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Geo-hazards"

Baldeon, Vera Geidy Adriana. « Geo-referenced landslide information system for characterization of landslide hazards at the reservoir scale, Bridge River watershed, southwestern, B.C ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50566.

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Potential instabilities of reservoir slopes could endanger hydroelectric infrastructures, communication lines or communities. Reservoir slope inspections and on-going engineering geological assessments are the main components of dam safety programs. Even though institutions such as B.C. Hydro have been conducting slope-specific monitoring and assessments over long periods of time, there is a need to improve the current state of practice for landslide hazards on reservoir slopes. This thesis details the development of a preliminary standardized landslide information system, which consolidates essential spatial and non-spatial data necessary for reservoir slope assessments. The thesis outlines the design of the geodatabase and incorporation of landslide attributes, allowing standardization of landslide information. As a pilot project, the database is specific to the Bridge River area, in southwestern British Columbia. The database structure is sufficiently general, to allow its use in other regions as well. However, it is important to refine or optimize the design by potential users in order to meet their specific needs. One of the major results of the landslide geodatabase is the compilation of a landslide inventory of defined and potential landslides for the study area, which contains additional non-spatial data useful for reservoir slope inspections and assessments. In turn, the creation of a landslide geodatabase facilitates the characterization of landslide hazards at the reservoir scale by assessing specific available data, including the landslide inventory, terrain, bedrock and surficial geological and structural mapping. This provides a homogeneous and region-specific compilation of data relevant to landslide hazard assessment at the reservoir scale for bedrock and overburden-controlled slopes. Furthermore, this allows the study area to be divided into hazard sectors with approximately uniform characteristics. The results of this work should make landslide hazard information readily available at first hand to technically qualified users.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate

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LARI, SERENA. « Multi scale heuristic and quantitative multi-risk assessment in the Lombardy region, with uncertainty propagation ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7550.

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In this thesis, some methodologies for multi-risk assessment are presented, that can be applied to regional or local scale. At the local scale, the problem of uncertainty propagation in risk assessment is treated, testing different methodology for calculation. The work is organised in four parts: 1. Multi risk analysis at the regional scale in Lombardy (PRIM project, 2007). The methodology integrates information with different degree of accuracy into an indicator based approach, in order to develop a regional scale multirisk assessment and to identify “hot spot” risk areas for more detailed analysis. Eventually, the sensitivity of weights is investigated, and the effect on risk assessment of different individual attitudes and perception (i.e., expert, social, political, risk aversion). 2. Quantitative multi risk assessment (QRA) at the local scale on the hot spots, for lower Valtellina and the area of Brescia and lower Val Trompia, Val Sabbia, and Valcamonica. The methodology is based on the use of historical data and modelling to assess for each threat the expected number of casualties and the expected economic damage. 3. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for floods, earthquakes and industrial accidents in the area of Brescia (420 km2), with uncertainty propagation analysis. Frequency-damage curves were calculated. Three methods were 6 used and compared to calculate the uncertainty of the expected economic losses: Monte Carlo Simulation, First Order Second Moment approach, and Point Estimate. 4. Realization of a tool based on a system of indicators aimed at assigning a priority for the realization of new mitigation works, at the evaluation of efficacy of existent works, and at the comparison of different alternatives for the same risk scenario. Indicators are referred to the risk scenario, to the most recent and most significant event occurred in the analysed area, to the planning stage of the work, and to the technical characteristics of realization and maintenance of the work itself.

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Fiaschi, Simone. « Differential Radar Interferometry Applied to the Detection and Monitoring of Geological Hazards ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424575.

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We live in a constantly changing environment, characterized by climate changes, extreme weather events and the occurrence of more frequent geological hazards that have a strong negative impact on the territory and society, interrupting services, damaging buildings and infrastructure and jeopardizing the life of millions of people worldwide. For this reason, there is the need to build a society resilient to natural-hazards, which can understand how the natural system behaves and responds to natural and human-induced modifications and can adapt to these changes. The monitoring of the territory is necessary to comprehend the triggering factors and the mechanisms of geological hazards and to plan the most suitable actions to prevent and mitigate the risk. The monitoring of geological hazards with conventional ground-based techniques such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and levelling is usually expensive and time consuming, which limits the number of measured points and the overall duration of the surveys. One of the best way to overcome to these problems is to use remote-sensing techniques to monitor large portion of territory reducing operating costs and time. Advanced Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (A-DInSAR) is one of the best tool to monitor and study ground displacements over very large portions of territory in a cost-effective way. In this Doctoral Thesis, we applied A-DInSAR to the monitoring of the geological instabilities occurring in different areas characterized by unique geological and environmental features. The selected areas include different environments such as vegetate territories, low and steep topography, coastal areas, salty deserts, urbanized land, each of them affected by hazards of natural and anthropic origin such as landslides, subsidence and karstic activity. In each case study, the monitoring activity presented its own challenges that were overcome adopting specific technical solutions in the data processing and management. The aim of this work is to give an overview of the potential of A-DInSAR techniques when applied to the study of geological hazards in different environments. This can be useful to show to local Authorities that A-DInSAR can be fully integrated as part of the activities carried out to manage the territory and to prevent and mitigate the risk related to geological hazards.
Viviamo in un mondo in costante evoluzione, caratterizzato da cambiamenti climatici, eventi naturali estremi e dal verificarsi di sempre più frequenti catastrofi di natura geologica che hanno forte ripercussione sul territorio e sulla società, con l’interruzione di servizi, danni alle strutture e infrastrutture mettendo a rischio la vita di milioni di persone in tutto il mondo. Per questo c’è la necessità di costruire una società resiliente al rischio geologico e che sia in grado di capire in che modo la natura reagisce e si adatta ai cambiamenti sia naturali che causati dalle attività umane. Il monitoraggio del territorio è essenziale per riuscire a comprendere i meccanismi che portano al verificarsi di un evento e in questo modo riuscire a prevenire e mitigare il rischio con azioni ed opere adatte. Il monitoraggio e lo studio di eventi geologici quali subsidenze e frane attraverso tecniche geodetiche da terra come per esempio Global Positioning System (GPS) e livellazione è solitamente molto dispendioso sia in termini di tempo che di denaro, fattore che limita notevolmente il numero di misurazioni che si possono effettuare e la durata complessiva delle attività di monitoraggio. Uno dei metodi migliori per ovviare a questi problemi è l’utilizzo di tecniche di remote-sensing che permettono di investigare aree molto vaste con tempi e costi molto ridotti. Le tecniche Avanzate di Interferometria Radar Differenziale ad Apertura Sintetica (A-DInSAR) sono uno dei migliori strumenti per poter studiare i movimenti della superficie terrestre sia a scala regionale che locale con misurazioni ad elevata accuratezza e precisione in maniera economicamente vantaggiosa. In questa Tesi di Dottorato, le tecniche A-DInSAR sono applicate allo studio fenomeni geologici in diverse aree di studio. Le aree scelte comprendono zone densamente vegetate, pianeggianti e montuose, aree costiere e deserti salati, ognuna delle quali soggetta a instabilità sia naturali che antropiche come frane, subsidenze e fenomeni derivanti da attività carsica. L’applicazione di queste tecniche nei diversi contesti ha presentato difficoltà e sfide che sono state superate adottando specifiche soluzioni durante l’elaborazione dei dati satellitari. Lo scopo principali di questo lavoro è quello di mostrare le potenzialità delle tecniche A-DInSAR applicate in diversi contesti geologici e mostrare quali informazioni possono essere ottenute dall’utilizzo di dati SAR e quale contributo tali informazioni possono portare nell’ambito della pianificazione ambientale e territoriale. Questo può essere molto utile per dimostrare alle Autorità come l’integrazione di monitoraggi basati su tecniche A-DInSAR all’interno delle opere di prevenzione e mitigazione del rischio idrogeologico sia necessario per uno sviluppo sostenibile del territorio.

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Tierz, Lopez Pablo <1986&gt. « Modeling Uncertainty in Volcanic Hazards with Focus on Pyroclastic Density Currents from Neapolitan Volcanoes ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8036/1/TierzLopez_Pablo_tesi_frontespizio.pdf.

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Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs) are fast-moving hot mixtures of volcanic gas and particles that can devastate significant areas surrounding explosive volcanoes. Moreover, volcanoes are typically multi-hazard environments where secondary processes, like volcaniclastic mudflows (lahars), can be equally or more dangerous than PDCs. In this view, quantitative volcanic (multi) hazard assessment is among the most pursued goals of modern volcanology. However, the assessment is affected by deep variability-related (aleatory) and knowledge-related (epistemic) uncertainties. De facto, hazard analyses of PDCs and lahars quantifying such uncertainties are uncommon because modeling their complex flow dynamics, in a stochastic scheme, has a high computational cost. In this PhD, different probabilistic approaches to model and quantify uncertainty in volcanic hazard assessment are explored and implemented at two Italian volcanoes: Somma-Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei. First, it is demonstrated that simple PDC models (Energy Cone), coupled with Monte Carlo sampling, are able to: (1) reproduce the spatial extent of past PDC deposits, and (2) quantify epistemic uncertainty comprehensively. Secondly, by merging Energy Cone simulations with more complex statistical models (Bayesian Event Tree for Volcanic Hazard, BET_VH), a cutting-edge hazard product is computed: a multi-volcano, single-target probabilistic PDC hazard assessment over the central Campania region. Thirdly, through assembling more sophisticated PDC models (Titan2D) with Polynomial Chaos Quadrature and BET_VH, hazard curves for dense pumice flows from Somma-Vesuvius are obtained. These curves are extremely valuable for quantitative volcanic risk analyses. Finally, probabilistic volcanic multi-hazard assessment is performed at Somma-Vesuvius by combining a Bayesian Belief Network (Multihaz: which incorporates probabilistic hazard analyses of tephra fallout and dense PDCs and models aleatory uncertainty in lahar triggering) and a numerical model of lahars (LaharFlow: which allows to compute probabilistic hazard footprints). Future steps in probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment will likely require strategies that are multi-disciplinary and explicitly oriented to calculate volcanic hazard.

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Mani, Lara. « Using computer visualisations to educate and communicate volcanic hazards to at-risk communities ». Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/12345.

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With an increase in the number of people living in proximity to active volcanic centres worldwide, there is a greater need to provide effective and engaging education and outreach programmes to reduce vulnerability and prepare exposed communities for potential future volcanic eruptions. The finalisation of the Sendai Framework (UNISDR, 2015a) has also cemented the need for disaster risk managers to engage at-risk communities with education and outreach programmes, to reduce the number of deaths and injuries caused by volcanic eruptions worldwide. Education and outreach programmes are already commonplace for disaster risk reduction, with many taking the form of traditional presentations, maps, diagrams, TV and radio broadcasts. In recent years, there has been a shift towards the use of more creative media to communicate volcanic hazards and engage populations in outreach activities. These have included films, comic strips, puppet shows, board games and video games. However, to-date there is little empirical evidence for the use of these media with at-risk communities. This research seeks to address this issue by providing evidence for the effective use of creative media for volcanic hazard education by adopting the use of video games (or serious games). To assess how effective serious games could be as an education tool, a bespoke video game (St. Vincent’s Volcano) was developed collaborative with disaster risk agencies and communities on the Eastern Caribbean island of St. Vincent and then trialled with adults and students from across the island. A range of outreach sessions were adopted to compare and contrast the applications of the game and to identify the most effective method of its delivery. These sessions included a traditional outreach presentation used as a control, and a group of UK students for a cohort comparison. Data were collected through a mixed-methods approach. Overall the results of the study demonstrate how successful the game can be as an education tool, promoting knowledge improvement in players. The results also demonstrate how the role of the outreach instructor is important to encourage engagement and can result in higher levels of overall positive engagement exhibited by the students. The game was also successful at promoting knowledge gain and engagement with adult participants. The results also demonstrated promise for games in promoting longer-term knowledge retention and for improving awareness of existing outreach materials. This research provides a foundation for the increased integration of emerging technologies within traditional education sessions. The work also shares some of the challenges and lessons learnt throughout the development and testing processes and provides recommendations for researchers looking to pursue a similar study or to adopt the use of serious games.

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CIABATTA, LUCA. « Evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates for hydrologic and geo-hydrologic hazards prediction ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1129699.

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Satellite rainfall data are becoming available at high temporal and spatial resolution. The use of such data in ad-hoc developed modelling can extend hydrological applications to poorly instrumented areas. The use of remotely sensed information can provide also valuable insights about rainfall spatial variability, improving ground rainfall estimation. Despite the great availability of data, their use in hydrological practice is still very rare, with just few studies that have used such data for landslide hazard risk mitigation. In order to test the feasibility of using this kind of data for landslide prediction, a coupled hydrological-slope stability model has been developed and forced with remotely sensed information. Before that, several satellite rainfall products have been assessed through direct comparison with modelled and ground –based benchmarks and through hydrological validations, in order to highlight advantages and drawbacks of this source of information. Preliminary results showed that satellite rainfall data can be used with benefit in natural hazards mitigation, although the inherent errors related to the indirect nature of measurement have to be deeply assessed and corrected.

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Lamelas, Gracia María Teresa. « Geo-resources and geo-hazards in the context of a sustainable development in the periphery of urban areas, exemplary of a part of the Ebro Basin in the surroundings of Zaragoza (Spain) ». Phd thesis, 2007. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/794/1/01_PHD_text.pdf.

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Although sustainability is a term frequently used in debates on the future of society and its needs (e.g. Agenda 21), many questions seemed to be open with respect to a sustainable management of the Ebro Basin in the surrounding of Zaragoza. This city of about 700.000 inhabitants is located in the central part of the Ebro Basin. This is a highly dynamic economic axis and densely populated area within the Iberian Peninsula. In this sector, the Tertiary playa-lake deposits of Oligocene to Miocene age are only covered, in some areas, by pediments and terraces of the Ebro River and its tributaries. In the periphery of Zaragoza, the interactions with the geosphere have been largely ignored due to the fast economic and urban development of this city. This resulted among others in the destruction of many infrastructures caused by land subsidence, a loss of valuable agricultural land and valuable natural areas and an increasing aquifer contamination. At present, to ensure that land-use decisions imply a high degree of sustainability, it must be taken care of geo-resources and geo-hazards. Therefore, they were regionalised using Geographical Information Systems. In a first step, all available geoscientific data was collected, analysed and prepared for its introduction into a Geographical Information System in order to be mapped (geology, geomorphology, soils, climate, vegetation, land-use, natural protected areas). Afterwards, geo-hazards (erosion, dolines susceptibility and groundwater vulnerability) and geo-resources (sand and gravel deposits, agricultural capability of soils) were detected, described and modelled with the help of Geographical Information System and 3D techniques. The selection of the land evaluation methodologies for geo-hazards and geo-resources modelling was made considering the availability and quality of information for their development, their suitability to the study area and the final objective of the models. The third step aims to develop a GIS-based risk-assessment and decision methodology for sustainable land and resource use decisions (as the title of the project promoted by the German Research Foundation). Here the maps stored in the GIS were combined with multi-criteria evaluation methodologies in order to develop different land-use suitability maps (sand and gravel extraction sites, irrigated land, industrial and urban use). After assigning priorities to individual land uses in case of competing land use interests, areas that are suitable, minor suitable or unsuitable for a special type of land use can be identified. Special attention within this process was put on the groundwater protection and the dolines susceptibility. Moreover the availability of raw materials as sand and gravel was examined. Here the development of a three-dimensional geological model proved to be especially helpful. The regionalisation of the described geo-potentials, their translation into thematic maps and their prioritising using multi-criteria evaluation methods are thereby an important step to a sustainable development, also in the sense of the Agenda 21.

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Montalti, Roberto. « Regional scale satellite monitoring for hydrogeological risk reduction ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1238084.

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In the last decade satellite remote sensing has become an effective tool for monitoring geo-hazard-induced ground motions, and has been increasingly used by scientific community. Geo-hazards direct and indirect costs are currently rising, causing serious socio-economics and casualty losses. Therefore, creating a priority list turns out to be essential to highlight the most relevant ground deformations and to better focus the risk management practices at regional scale. The Sentinel-1 constellation, thanks to the 6-days repeatability and the free availability of the data, allows to easily update the geo-hazard-induced ground motions, compared to other kind of satellite sensors. In this PhD Thesis, the potentialities and drawbacks of the interferometric technique have been presented and then exploited to define three different procedures, applied in different environment and at different scales, for the use of multi-band PSI products. This thesis work represents the main outcome of a three yearslong activity at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence, Centre technologic de telecomunicacions de Catalunya research center and TRE-Altamira (Barcelona). The main goal is to test and evaluate the potential and applicability of space-borne SAR data, processed by means of different PSI approaches, as operational tools for the characterization of geohazards in different geological and geomorphological environments. For this work, two Italian test areas at regional scale are been selected: Tuscany and Valle d’Aosta Regions. Furthermore a site at detailed scale was analyzed, the mining area of Saline di Volterra (Tuscany). The main goal of the thesis hinges on illustrating different methodologies that could be merged in one single workflow to detect active moving areas, characterize them in detail and cross-correlate the satellite data with ancillary information, implementing the obtained products and results in the Civil Protection chain and geohazard risk management. The proposed case studies were intended as examples, although referred to different environments and geohazards, for the working approaches to be used from regional to detailed scale. For the Tuscany Region, there were exploited Sentinel-1 images for active moving areas detection at regional scale. A hotspot-like methodology was used, exploiting the temporal repetitiveness of Sentinel-1 data analysed by means of the SqueeSAR algorithm to create deformation maps in three different periods with a 6 months update. Thanks to a filtering approach based on a velocity threshold, it was possible extract a total of 652 deformation clusters, divided in three different periods, to study their spatial and temporal evolution. The final output is a flexible geo-database that contains interferometric parameters, geographical, geomorphological and geological information, a brief evaluation of the possible triggering cause and information about the temporal evolution of the moving areas. For the Valle d’Aosta Region, it was used a clustering analysis applied to a large stack of Sentinel-1 satellite interferometric products that has been derived using the SqueeSAR algorithm. Valle d’Aosta Region is an alpine region characterized by a wide spectrum of mass wasting phenomena. The approach, based on simple GIS tools and indexes, allowed detecting 277 moving areas above the selected velocity threshold. Overall, landslides (complex, rotational, Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DSGSD)), rock glacier evolution and detrital-related deformation are responsible for the detected motions. In mountainous areas, where the field data collection is sometimes limited or impossible, the presented approach is intended to create priority areas to be focused for further investigations. In this way, it is possible to increase, with reduced economic and personnel costs, the “landslide knowledge” of all the actors involved within the landslide risk management chain at regional scale. In this context, easily updatable clustering methodologies are very useful tools for MTInSAR data analysts; it is possible to obtain reliable results in a fast way and to compare them with previous results. Well knowing the limitations of the interferometric technique, especially in mountain regions, it is reasonable to rely on clustering approaches in order to derive multi-temporal synoptic views of ground motions over wide areas. For the Saline di Volterra case, it is presented a local scale application of multi-temporal satellite interferometry targeting a solution mining area in southern Tuscany. The surroundings of Saline di Volterra host several brine wells that pump water into a salt level at a depth ranging between 60 and 400 m below surface. The mining activity has a relevant environmental impact in terms of depletion of the water resources and in terms of ground motion, creating several sinkholes which were mapped through multi-temporal analysis of orthophotos. The deformation map, obtained through the analysis of Sentinel-1 images, revealed the presence of several subsidence bowls, sometimes corresponding to sinkholes formed in the recent past. The subsidence bowls have a common deformation pattern, with LOS velocities increasing forward the center of the bowl. The temporal evolution of the measurement points can vary a lot on case-basis. Finally, a correlation between LOS velocities and age of formation of sinkholes have been found. The Sentinel-1 images were processed with an ad hoc processing chain, elaborated in Centre Technologic Telecomunicacions Catalunya research center (Barcelona). With this new procedure, it was possible to detect fast deformation rates that are usually puzzling to solve in mining areas. This detailed scale and target-oriented approach demonstrated its capability to provide useful information in terms of density of measurement points and quality of the time series.

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Lamelas, Gracia María Teresa [Verfasser]. « Geo-resources and geo-hazards in the context of a sustainable development in the periphery of urban areas, exemplary of a part of the Ebro Basin in the surroundings of Zaragoza (Spain) / produced by María Teresa Lamelas Gracia ». 2007. http://d-nb.info/98360035X/34.

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ROUHI, JAVAD. « Landslide damming : implications for natural hazards and risks ». Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1443025.

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Understanding the landslide debris emplacement kinematics and the landslide failure mechanisms is essential for the definition of hazard and for the reconstruction of risk scenarios functional to mitigation strategies. Landslides in the southwest of Iran are particularly numerous, especially in the Zagros sedimentary basins. According to some estimates based on studies and research conducted to date, between 10,000 and 11,000 years ago, a large landslide (estimated maximum volume of 44 Gm3) took place in the city of Pol-e-Dokhtar near the Lorestan region (west sector of Iran). Because this landslide has blocked the course of the Seymareh River, it is known as the Seymareh landslide. This giga-landslide is considered the largest on the Earth's surface. In the present PhD thesis, in order to find key interpretative elements and parameters for describing the longevity, the emplacement kinematics and the rupture style of the Seymareh landslide debris, morphological elements were found with high detail visible in the enormous landslide debris. After mapping the morphological elements, a zonation of the landforms in the landslide debris was performed by computing the spatial density of the main surface features including ridges, gullies and blocks. In the next step, using the zonation of the main surface features, a statistical approach was applied to zone the landslide debris in primary (original) and secondary (modified) regions which are respectively referred to the original shape of the landslide debris and to the one modified by erosions. This statistical approach in combination with kinematics indicators deduced from ridges direction and blocks distribution in primary regions provides a useful interpretation for the landslide kinematics as well as for the landslide debris emplacement. During a specific campaign, soil samples, representative of the landslide debris matrix, were also taken at different points of the debris, to be able to characterize them in the laboratory and classify them according to the USCS standard and to derive the permeability of finer portions in view of future hydraulic models aiming at quantifying the natural dam durability. The obtained results were useful for understanding the mechanism and kinematics of the Seymareh landslide debris and its evolution. They also helped us to better constrain the failure mechanism of the Seymareh landslide and will be useful for obtaining risk scenarios, quantifying the related hazard and plan mitigation strategies. Moreover, the landslide debris emplacement mechanism and kinematics deduced from kinematic indicators in the primary regions of the landslide debris as well as some outcrops of geological bedrock observed during field surveys led to the recognition of the basal surface of the landslide debris, making it possible to hypothesize the buried morphology of the paleo-valley of the Seymareh River.

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Livres sur le sujet "Geo-hazards"

Panwar, Mohan Singh, editor of compilation, dir. Geo-hazards challenges and solutions. New Delhi : Research India Press, 2014.

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Symposium on Geo-hazards and their Mitigation (1990 Nan-ching shih, China). Geo-hazards and their mitigation : Proceedings of the Symposium on Geo-hazards and their Mitigation, August 21-26, 1990, Nanjing, China. Beijing : Science Press, 1992.

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Ramola, R. C., et G. S. Gusain. Geo Hazards : Recent Research. Narosa Publishing House, 2015.

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(Editor), Shi Yafeng, et C. Embleton (Editor), dir. Geo-Hazards and Their Mitigation. Science Pr, 1992.

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YE, Yin-can. Marine Geo-Hazards in China. Elsevier, 2017.

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YE, Yin-can. Marine Geo-Hazards in China. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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Hazlett, Richard, Dee D. Trent, Bernard W. Pipkin et Paul Bierman. Custom UV GEO 007 Earth Hazards. Brooks/Cole, 2014.

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Kenya : A Natural Outlook - Geo-Environmental Resources and Hazards. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2010-0-68374-x.

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Paron, Paolo, Daniel Ochieng Olago et Christian Thine Omuto. Kenya : a Natural Outlook : Geo-Environmental Resources and Hazards. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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Berger, Antony R. Geology and Health. Sous la direction de H. Catherine W. Skinner. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.001.0001.

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Geology and Health is an integration of papers from geo-bio-chemical scientists on health issues of concern to humankind worldwide, demonstrating how the health and well-being of populations now and in the future can benefit through coordinated scientific efforts. International examples on dusts, coal, arsenic, fluorine, lead, mercury, and water borne chemicals, that lead to health effects are documented and explored. They were selected to illustrate how hazards and potential hazards may be from natural materials and processes and how anthropomorphic changes may have contributed to disease and debilitation instead of solutions. Introductory essays by the editors highlight some of the progress toward scientific integration that could be applied to other geographic sites and research efforts. A global purview and integration of earth and health sciences expertise could benefit the future of populations from many countries. Effective solutions to combat present and future hazards will arise when the full scope of human interactions with the total environment is appreciated by the wide range of people in positions to make important and probably expensive decisions. A case to illustrate the point of necessary crossover between Geology and Health was the drilling of shallow tube wells in Bangladesh to provide non-contaminated ground water. This "good" solution unfortunately mobilized arsenic from rocks into the aquifer and created an unforeseen or 'silent' hazard: arsenic. Geologists produce maps of earth materials and are concerned with natural processes in the environment with long time-frame horizons. The health effects encountered through changing the water source might have been avoided if the hydrological characteristics of the Bangladesh delta had been known and any chemical hazards had been investigated and documented. A recurrence of this type of oversight should be avoidable when responsible parties, often government officials, appreciate the necessity of such integrated efforts. The book extols the virtues of cooperation between the earth, life and health sciences, as the most practical approach to better public health worldwide.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Geo-hazards"

Srbulov, Milutin. « Geo-hazards ». Dans Practical Guide to Geo-Engineering, 93–183. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8638-6_4.

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Lee, Wei F., Kenji Ishihara et C. H. Chen. « Geo-Hazards ». Dans Geotechnics and Earthquake Geotechnics Towards Global Sustainability, 191–213. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0470-1_11.

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Canuti, Paolo, Nicola Casagli, Maurizio Pellegrini et Giovanni Tosatti. « Geo-hydrological hazards ». Dans Anatomy of an Orogen : the Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins, 513–32. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9829-3_28.

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Baban, Serwan M. J. « Geo-hazards Science and Management ». Dans Environmental Science and Engineering, 39–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07380-4_2.

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Lin, Jiun-Chuan, et Shew-Jiuan Su. « Geo-hazards and Geo-tourism as Stimulators for Geoparks ». Dans Geoparks of Taiwan, 119–31. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04895-2_6.

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Fernandez-Merodo, José Antonio, Rosa Martin Mateos, Jose Miguel Azañon, Pablo Ezquerro, Juan Carlos García-Davalillo, Marta Bejar, Gerardo Herrera et al. « Multiscale Analysis of Geo-Hazards Affecting the Alhambra Cultural Heritage ». Dans Springer Geology, 47–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13810-2_3.

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Al-Awadhi, Jasem Mohammed, Abd el-aziz Khairy Abd el-aal, Raafat Misak et Ahmed Abdulhadi. « Geo- and Environmental Hazard Studies in Kuwait ». Dans The Geology of Kuwait, 171–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16727-0_8.

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AbstractLow magnitude Earthquakes are the most natural hazard facing Kuwait, while other environmental challenges such as flooding, dust fallout, land degradation, and aeolian sand movement often arise from human impact as well as natural factors. Because of the rapid socio-economic development in the last five decades in Kuwait, these issues cause environmental and social problems as well as economic disturbance; they are also considered natural disasters for country. The scale and intensity of the geological environment hazards are considerably increasing especially land degradation, and impacting on the harsh structure of desert ecosystem. Due to fragility of the desert environment, human activities exceeding the carrying capability of the geo-environment system can easily lead to geological and environmental hazards; such as runoff, sand and dunes movements and dust fallout causing serial environmental and health impacts. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used to evaluate the degrees of geological hazard and risk by producing maps for each hazard; seismic, sand potentiality, hydrologic risk, land degradation, and sand drift severity maps are produced.

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Themistocleous, Kyriacos, Branka Cuca, Athos Agapiou, Vasiliki Lysandrou, Marios Tzouvaras, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Phaedon Kyriakides et al. « The Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites from Geo-Hazards : The PROTHEGO Project ». Dans Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage : Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, 91–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48974-2_11.

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Praveen, Dhanya, et Ganapathy Pattukandan Ganapathy. « Analysis of Multi-Environmental/Geo-Hazards Challenges for the City Coimbatore, South India ». Dans Advances in Urbanism, Smart Cities, and Sustainability, 449–63. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003126195-29.

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Casagli, Nicola, Veronica Tofani, Sandro Moretti, Riccardo Fanti, Giovanni Gigli, Silvia Bianchini, Samuele Segoni, William Frodella et Tommaso Carlà. « Advanced Technologies for Landslides—ATLaS (WCoE 2020–2023) ». Dans Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 267–75. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_19.

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AbstractThe UNESCO Chair on Prevention and Sustainable Management of Geo-Hydrological Hazards, University of Florence has been a member of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) since 2002. It was designated as one of World Centres of Excellence (WCoE) for Landslide Risk Reduction five times for 2008–2011, 2011–2014, 2014–2017, 2017–2020 and 2020–2023, with a project entitled “Advanced Technologies for Landslides”. In this paper, we describe the activities carried out by the UNESCO Chair as a member of ICL and as WCoE, and its contribution to the risk reduction policies promoted by the 2020 Kyoto Commitment.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Geo-hazards"

Yasuhara, Kazuya, Van Trinh Cong, Hideo Komine et Hemanta Hazarika. « Geo-Environmental Knowledge for the Adaptation of Riverine Coastal Geo-Hazards ». Dans Geo-Chicago 2016. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480120.028.

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Hoetz, Guido, et Ivo Nijhuis. « Anticipating Geo-Drilling Hazards by Sharing Geo-Drilling Events Information Nationwide ». Dans SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/196196-ms.

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Yongshun Han, Yun Wang, Jiding Chen, Yaping Kong, Shaokun Dong et Peng Huang. « Geo-hazards risk management system and approach ». Dans 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6010558.

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Jia, Shaohui, Lei Guo, Qingshan Feng, Lijian Zhou et Yan Huang. « A New Method for Protecting Pipeline in Summer Monsoon ». Dans ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39885.

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In annual summer monsoon, geo-hazard is common. Monsoon-caused casualties and economic losses throughout the year accounted for 70% ∼ 80% of the total annual losses. Also, geo-hazard is a serious threat for pipeline operators to manage. Over 12,000 kilometers of pipelines with crude oil, gas, and refined oil are operated by PetroChina Pipeline Company. The pipelines, through sixteen provinces and cities, have been operated for over forty years. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, as an effective spatial analysis tool, provides advanced analysis for pipeline geo-hazard prediction and early warning during summer monsoon based on field data and historical precipitation records. After many years of research and application of our prediction model of pipeline geo-hazard, an important link between geo-hazard and rainfall is understood. Rainfall is the main triggering factor of geo-hazards such as landslide and debris flow leading to heavy losses, especially rainstorm and heavy rainstorm. We use GIS technology to perform spatial analysis with predicted rainfall data the next twenty-four hours and the data of pipeline geo-hazard susceptibility, and predict the severity of pipeline impacts caused by geo-hazards during the next twenty-four hours. Finally, the result is modified by existed geo-hazards data. The pipeline geo-hazard early warning is divided into five ranks which are displayed by different colors, and pipelines damaged by geo-hazards and protection measures are also proposed. During July 16 and 17 of 2009 years, we released geo-hazard early warning four rank of Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Oil Pipeline through PetroChina Pipeline Company web page and the communication software of Instant Messaging. The Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Oil Pipeline Company acted promptly with a detailed deployment and emergency plan to ensure pipeline safety.

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Jia, Shaohui. « Pipeline Geo-Hazard Prediction and Early Warning During Summer Monsoon Based on GIS Technology ». Dans 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31032.

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In annual summer monsoon, geo-hazard is common. Monsoon-caused casualties and economic losses throughout the year accounted for 70% ∼ 80% of the total annual losses. Also, geo-hazard is a serious threat for pipeline operators to manage. Over 12,000 kilometers of pipelines with crude oil, gas, and refined oil are operated by PetroChina Pipeline Company. The pipelines, through sixteen provinces and cities, have been operated for over forty years. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, as an effective spatial analysis tool, provides advanced analysis for pipeline geo-hazard prediction and early warning during summer monsoon based on field data and historical precipitation records. After many years of research and applicaton of our prediction model of pipeline geo-hazard, an important link between geo-hazard and rainfall is understood. Rainfall is the main triggering factor of geo-hazards such as landslide and debris flow leading to heavy losses, especially rainstorm and heavy rainstorm. We use GIS technology to perform spatial analysis with predicted rainfall data the next twenty-four hours and the data of pipeline geo-hazard susceptibility, and predict the severity of pipeline impacts caused by geo-hazards during the next twenty-four hours. Finally, the result is modified by existed geo-hazards data. The pipeline geo-hazard early warning is divided into five ranks which are displayed by different colors, and pipelines damaged by geo-hazards and protection measures are also proposed. During July 16 and 17 of 2009 years, we released geo-hazard early warning four rank of Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Oil Pipeline through PetroChina Pipeline Company web page (http://www.gdgs.petrochina) and the communication software of IM. The Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Oil Pipeline Company acted promptly with a detailed deployment and emergency plan to ensure pipeline safety.

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Garci´a, Hugo, Carlos Nieves et Juan Diego Colonia. « Integrity Management Program for Geo-Hazards in the OCENSA Pipeline System ». Dans 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31162.

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Oil pipelines systems for hydrocarbons transportation are linear projects that can reach great lengths. For this reason, theirs paths may cross different geological formations, soil types, navigable or torrential waters; and they may face geotechnical and hydrological instability problems such as creeping slopes, geological faults, landslides, sudden river surges and differential settling which causes different relative movements between the soil and the pipeline. The OCENSA (Oleoducto Central S.A) 30″ and 36″ diameter system was built in 1997 to transport crude oil from the eastern foothills of the Andes to the Caribbean Coast along some 830 km of the Eastern Andes mountains range and the spurs of the central Andes mountains range of Colombia: it was a major challenge to secure the integrity of the pipeline in the face of natural events.

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Themistocleous, Kyriacos. « Local monitoring techniques for cultural heritage sites affected by geo-hazards ». Dans Sixth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2018), sous la direction de Kyriacos Themistocleous, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Silas Michaelides, Vincent Ambrosia et Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2503914.

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García, Hugo, Carlos Nieves et Juan Diego Colonia. « Integrity Management Program for Geo-Hazards in the OCENSA Pipeline System ». Dans ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1918.

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Oil pipelines systems for hydrocarbons transportation are linear projects that can reach great lengths. For this reason, theirs paths may cross different geological formations, soil types, navigable or torrential waters; and they may face geotechnical and hydrological instability problems such as creeping slopes, geological faults, landslides, scour and differential settling which causes different relative movements between the soil and the pipeline. The OCENSA (Oleoducto Central S.A) 30″ and 36″ diameter system was built in 1997 to transport crude oil from the eastern foothills of the Andes to the Caribbean Coast along some 830 km of the Eastern Andes mountains range and the spurs of the central Andes mountains range of Colombia: it was a major challenge to secure the integrity of the pipeline in the face of natural events.

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Lu, Huang, Xie Zhong, Luo Xian-gang et Wang Yan. « Construction of Service-Oriented Regional Geo-hazards Meteorological Early Warning Model Base ». Dans 2015 International Conference on Industrial Informatics - Computing Technology, Intelligent Technology, Industrial Information Integration (ICIICII). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciicii.2015.108.

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Anderson, Nicole, Shelby Bowden, T. J. Gladden, Reed Rayborn et Norman Levine. « CREATING OF A BUILDING LEVEL GEO-HAZARDS ASSESSMENT FOR CHARLESTON COUNTY, SC ». Dans 65th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016se-273977.

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