Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Générateurs thermoélectriques – Matériaux »
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Thèses sur le sujet "Générateurs thermoélectriques – Matériaux"
Prunet, Geoffrey. « Matériaux polymères/silicium hybrides pour des applications thermoélectriques ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0223.
Texte intégralNowadays, human beings seek mainly to manage energy and their uses toward sustainable development. Among the various renewable energies, thermoelectricity is the solution for the conversion of heat losses into electricity, and therefore the improvement of thermal efficiency. Thermoelectric materials for room-temperature applications are dominated by bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) based materials offering higher efficiencies. Nevertheless, their cost and toxicity prevent large-scale applications. In recent years, polymer materials have been considered as alternatives for Bi2Te3, although their thermoelectric properties are significantly lower. The aim of this thesis was therefore to develop an efficient thermoelectric polymer, in combination with an inorganic material in order to obtain an efficient thermoelectric generator. PEDOT, P3HT, and PCDTBT were chosen as p-type polymers and silicon substrates as semi-conducting inorganic materials due to their high importance and performance in their respective fields. Several optimization routes have been investigated, either by fine-tuning the doping level parameters or by tailoring the surface of the inorganic materials. Hybrid thermoelectric generators (TEGs) were developed for near room temperature application. The coupling with polymer material achieved to obtain an enhancement of device performances resulting in record value
Jacquot, Alexandre. « Ingénierie des matériaux et de microgénérateurs thermoélectriques planaires ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_JACQUOT_A.pdf.
Texte intégralPlanar microthermoelectric generators are new energy sources for portable electronics. We have optimized their geometry by using an analytical and numerical model. The fabrication process of a generator using polycrystallin silicon as the active material is also presented. The access to the thermal conductivity is essential for the engineering of thermoelectric materials the microgenerators are made of. The potential of the 3omega and Volklein methods to measure the thermal conductivity of thin films is investigated experimentally and by numerical simulations. The heat transfer between microsystems and their environment is studied by the Volklein method. The figure of merit of polycristallin silicon layers has been improved by a factor of three but is still very low. The electrical propeties of lead telluride-based multilayers offer good prospects for their integration in micro systems
Lemonnier, Sébastien. « Développement d'un générateur thermoélectrique à base de matériaux oxydes ». Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2031.
Texte intégralThermoelectric (TE) oxides Ca4Mn3O10 and CaMnO3 have been synthesized by solid state reaction and their synthesis conditions have been optimized in order to obtain high purity and density. It has been found that the substitution of Ca by an element with a higher valency such as Rare Earth elements, and improved ceramics process lead to a strong decrease of the electrical resistivity, which is one of the key factor for the properties enhancement. The Ca0. 95Sm0. 05MnO3 compound, shaped by isostatic pressing and thereafter sintered at 1450oC, presents a power factor reaching 0. 46 mW. K-2. M-1 which is close to the best published values. Above-mentioned material has been integrated into thermoelectric modules with conventional and so called “unileg” architectures and the performances have been evaluated by a home-made equipment. Output powers of 300 mW have been reached for a 36-leg modules with a temperature difference of 400°C. These performances can be enhanced by the optimization of the metal contacts to ceramic oxides. An additional study, based on the TLM (Transmission Line Method) method, lead to a substantial improvement of the contacts
Combe, Emmanuel. « Synthèse, mise en forme et frittage de céramiques thermoélectriques de formulation In2-xGexO3 ». Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2062.
Texte intégralThis work is focused on the relationships between manufacturing process, micro/nano structure and thermoelectric properties of electron doped In2-xGexO3 ceramics. For that purpose, the processing of nanopowders by soft chemistry (citrate gel process), ceramic forming process (Slip-casting) and fast sintering technique (microwave sintering) have been investigated. Compared to conventional synthesis process, the development of the citrate gel process allows to prepare homogeneous microstructures with improved thermoelectric properties. The figure of merit ZT of In2-xGexO3 compounds reaches values higher than 0. 3 at 1000 K. In order to increase the densification during sintering, the slip casting shaping process has been studied. Sintered compounds prepared by this technique exhibit densities closed to the theoretical value thanks to an optimized arrangement of particles in the green bulks. Otherwise, the development of microwave sintering enables the preparation of fine microstructures (grain size lower than 500 nm). Moreover, the conception of a thermoelectric device prepared with Ca3Co4O9 and Sn doped In2O3 compounds was also carried out. Output power of about 480 mW has been reached for a 56 legs module with a temperature difference of 550 K. The different results obtained during this PhD study appear to be interesting for the development of oxide compounds and oxide based thermoelectric devices with improved thermoelectric performances
Xin, Chenghao. « The applications of plasmonic nanoparticles on flexible hybrid photo-thermoelectric generators ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS352.pdf.
Texte intégralIn this PhD thesis, I have mainly investigated three areas: (1) The synthesis of solution-processed plasmonic nanoparticles, which serve as photothermal coatings and enable light-heat conversion. These NP-based coatings were then applied to boost the temperature difference of the thermoelectric device undermentioned. (2) The realization and characterizations of flexible and wearable organic-inorganic hybrid photo-thermoelectric generators (photo-TEGs). These photo-TEGs, combining the above-mentioned photothermal NP coating and the carefully designed hybrid p-n TEGs, demonstrated energy harvest under solar illumination. (3) The investigation of n-type sulfur-doped (S-doped) Ag2Se TE materials, proposing a new room-temperature (RT) solution synthesis, and leading to a series of functional and flexible TE thin films with optimized TE properties. These n-type S-doped Ag2Se TE thin films were further applied demonstrating near-RT energy harvest in different situations. To present the results of this thesis, all together six chapters are formed, among which three chapters (Chapter 3, 4, and 5) are used to describe the results obtained concerning the above-mentioned three aspects together with an introduction (Chapter 1), an experimental (Chapter 2), and conclusion (Chapter 6) chapters. Finally, a general conclusion is given with perspectives on the field of low-cost and wearable thermoelectric technology as well as energy-harvesting smart textiles
Ferhat, Salim. « Générateurs thermoélectriques imprimés sur substrats souples à base de matériaux hybrides pour des applications autour de la température ambiante ». Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0032/document.
Texte intégralFlexible lightweight printed thermoelectric devices can become particularly interesting with the advent of ubiquitous sensing and within the context of current energy and environmental issues. However, major drawbacks of state of the art thermoelectric materials must be addressed to make waste heat recovery devices commercially feasible. In this PhD thesis, we’ve elaborated and described a method to fabricate optimized, fully inkjetprinted flexible thermoelectric generators based on organic and hybrid semiconductors. This research project can be divided into three stages: First is the development of effective, stable and solution-processed p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials. Our effort in optimizing thermoelectric materials were based on modulation of charge carrier concentration and on control of morphology. Second, design and modeling of thermoelectric devices and their geometric parameters using numerical simulation methods. Numerical simulations were based on a 3D-finite element analysis and simulation software for coupled physical problems to model and design thermoelectric devices. Finally, formulation of materials into ink in order to produce thermoelectric generators by inkjet printing deposition. Various structures and architectures were experimentally characterized and systematically compared to numerical evaluations. Hence, we produced an extensive study on designing and producing thermoelectric devices operating at near ambient temperature and conditions
Thiebaut, Etienne. « Spectroscopie d'impédance non linéaire appliquée aux matériaux et systèmes thermoélectriques ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS074/document.
Texte intégralThis Phd work describes the study of the harmonic response of a thermoelectric system in order to extract the physical quantities associated with the thermoelectric coupling. The study of thermoelectric phenomena is of great interest both for the study of transport in materials as well as for applications in the field of energy recovery and temperature control. The amplitude of the response of the system in the harmonic regime allows extracting the different components of the response according to the associated time constants. This technique applied to thermoelectric systems makes it possible to extract several properties simultaneously thanks to an analytical model that we have developed to describe the response. In order to overcome the limitations of the linear electrical response obtained by impedance spectroscopy, we were interested in the nonlinear electrical response in the harmonic regime. The models we have developed take into account different sources of nonlinearities: the Joule effect, the non-linearity of the Peltier effect and the dependence of the properties of the system as a function of temperature. The study of the response as functions of frequency, on model systems such as thermocouples and Peltier modules, has allowed us to extract all the thermoelectric properties of the studied system. To extend this measurement to thin films, analogous to the setup traditionally used for 3w measurements of thermal conductivity. The developed micro device allows a 2w measurement of the Seebeck coefficient of the thin film. We then used this device to perform 2 and 3w measurements on various samples. Finally, we sought to extend the harmonic analysis for the study of coupled flow system other than the thermoelectric system. In particular, the coupling between the flow of magnons and the heat flux in a magnetic insulator gives rise to effects similar to conventional thermoelectric effects. We have therefore studied the response of a YIG/Pt system whose analysis has made it possible to extract a signal from the coupling of the heat flow and the flow of magnons paving the way for a new technique to study these systems
Al, Bayaz Asmaïl. « Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux thermoélectriques Bi2Se3 et Bi2(Te1-xSex)3 déposés par MOCVD : réalisation de micromodules Peltier ». Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20040.
Texte intégralOulfarsi, Mostafa. « Contribution à l’amélioration de la fiabilité de modules thermoélectriques : développement de solutions matériaux alternatives ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0228.
Texte intégralEnergy conversion from waste heat through thermoelectric effects (Seebeck effect) is a potential new renewable energy source. The thermoelectric (TE) technology is nevertheless limited to niche terrestrial applications due to its low efficiency (5-6%), but also due to the technological challenges to be overcome to avoid a degradation of the TE generators (TEG). Our thesis is devoted to this problem within the framework of a research program supported by the ANR (RELIATEG project) including HotBlockOnBoard (HBOB), CEA LITEN, CIRIMAT and IJL as partners. The objective is to make reliable the TEG, manufactured by HBOB, based on silicides, Mg₂Si₁₋ₓSnₓ (n-type) and MnSi₁₊ᵧ (p-type), for long-term use in the vicinity of 400-500°C. Our main role is to understand the mechanisms leading to their embrittlement, particularly to the oxidation problems linked to the Mg₂Si₀,₆Sn₀,₄ material. As they are unavoidable, we turned to the solutions of finding a protective coating and/or testing the thermal stability under air of a Mg₂Si₁₋ₓSnₓ material, less sensitive to oxidation. After a bibliographical synthesis of the basic concepts of TE and of the state of the art of TE materials, the choice of materials used by HBOB have been justified. The various stages of TEG manufacturing and the experimental techniques used to characterize the microstructure of TE materials and their thermal stability are presented. The performance tests performed on TEGs show that the power obtained, measured up to 450°C, is reproducible for the 25 devices tested. However, it is about 25% lower than what one could achieve with a perfect TEG, as shown by the simulations we carried out using the Comsol MultiPhysics software. The stability tests showed that the devices are stable under air at 250°C, for 500 hours or under 1000 cycles, and that they begin to degrade under air at 350°C through a pesting phenomenon linked to the oxidation of Mg₂Si₀,₆Sn₀,₄. Under vacuum, this process is slowed down but the presence of residual oxygen does not completely stabilize the material. At 500°C under air, the pesting is observed from 3 hours of testing. The oxidation tests carried out on the two materials with different Sn content showed the significant role of tin on the oxidation phenomena. A model explaining the pesting phenomenon was developed by the combined analyses of results obtained by thermogravimetric measurements, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. On the basis of bibliography and phase diagrams of the differents systems, protective coatings based on ceramics, metallic silicides, metals and glasses have been studied. Several deposition methods were explored: sintering by Spark Plasma Sintering, electrochemical nickel plating, pack cementation, slurry, PVD and spray deposits. The most promising coatings were obtained with a glass whose CTE is close to that of the n-type material
Visconti, Alizée. « Développement de matériaux thermoélectriques de type half-Heusler pour application dans la gamme de température300 à 500 C ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI112/document.
Texte intégralThe search for alternative energy technologies has taken an accelerated pace in the last 50 years due to an increasing concern about climate change. In this quest to find new energy sources, it is interesting to point out that a lot of energy is wasted as heat released into the environment. As a potential solution, thermoelectric power generators could be used to transform the waste heat into useful electrical energy.Thermoelectric generators are converting directly heat into electricity and vice versa. They consist in an assembly of n and p-type semiconducting legs connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. An applied temperature difference between n and p-sides drives charge carriers displacement in the material from the hot side to the cold one. Therefore a current flow is generated through the circuit. Thermoelectric devices have attracted interest because of their advantages over conventional power generator: no moving part, no liquid involved, reliability, noiseless, long life time without maintenance and also low environmental impact.Over the last several decades, the increased energy demand combined to the environmental concerns, leads to another potential use of thermoelectricity as an alternative energy source by recovering the huge amount of heat lost in industrial or domestic applications. Presently, wasted-heat recovery in cars and trucks and wasted-heat in industry (metallurgy/nuclear…) are becoming a major concern. Both recovery problematics may be addressed using thermoelectric devices efficient in the 300-500 °C temperature range.Numerous thermoelectric materials couples have been investigated and developed over the last 20 years. Most of the already known class of thermoelectric materials have been improved and new classes have been developed, leading to a significant improvement of ZT values being optimum in different temperature ranges. In order to be efficient and to be viable for large scale manufacturing of power generators, a thermoelectric material has to fulfill several requirements. First, the raw materials chosen have to be non-toxic, cheap and abundant. Secondly, the manufacturing process should be robust and compatible to the production of a high volume of materials per day. Last but not least, the elaborated materials have to exhibit acceptable thermoelectric properties in the temperature range of interest for the final application. They must also have a long-term thermal stability in different kinds of environments and good mechanical properties.Half-Heusler materials have been shown to be good candidates in the 300 to 600 °C temperature range. Indeed, due to their semiconductor like band structure, they exhibit a large Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity. Unfortunately, half-Heusler’s thermal conductivity is rather high when compared to other thermoelectric materials. Therefore, the main research efforts on half-Heusler formulations, devoted to be used for thermoelectric applications, have been focused on decreasing the thermal conductivity, while keeping a good electronic transport.Accordingly the main objective of the PhD thesis was to investigate the link between the microstructure and the thermoelectric properties of n and p-type half-Heusler alloys from the generic compositions MNiSn (n-type) and MCoSb (p-type), with M being Ti, Zr and Hf. All investigated compositions have been elaborated by a three step process: (i) ingots synthesis using cold crucible levitation melting, (ii) subsequent ball milling to obtain a calibrated powder and (iii) sintering by spark plasma sintering to obtain dense polycrystalline pellets that are characterized regarding their microstructure and thermoelectric properties from room temperature to 500-600 °C