Articles de revues : « General ancient history »

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Du Toit, Andrea. « Ancient history ». Nature Reviews Microbiology 18, n^o 4 (24 février 2020) : 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0345-8.

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Efimenko, Maria V. « A General Survey of Ancient Chinese History ». Vestnik NSU. Series : History, Philology 20, n^o 10 (21 décembre 2021) : 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-10-145-147.

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The author reviews the first six chapters of the monograph by John S. Major and Constance Cook “Ancient China: A History” (New York, London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 2017. 300 p.). The authors of the book made an attempt to briefly review the history of ancient China on the basis of a compilation of factual data from the works of the most prominent researchers of these periods in Europe and the United States. It is shown that the authors of the compilation mainly follow the Chinese historical tradition, repeating the basic information from the classical Confucian treatises of the early Imperial time. It is particularly significant that the authors make mistakes that indicate the formation of their own tradition of writing the history of China in the United States.

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Yan, Anderson. « Ancient Israel's History ». Revista Eletrônica Espaço Teológico. 15, n^o 27 (24 juillet 2021) : 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2177-952x.2021v15i27p125-127.

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Kasimovna, Akhmedova Yulduz. « History of ancient or ancient and medieval stage development of general earthquake ». ACADEMICIA : An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 12, n^o 5 (2022) : 1194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2022.00534.1.

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Izzet, Vedia, et Robert Shorrock. « General ». Greece and Rome 61, n^o 1 (4 mars 2014) : 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383513000338.

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The last few years have brought us handbooks, companion guides and encyclopaedias in serried ranks. In size these works have ranged from magnum (opus) through to double magnum or perhaps (in the case of the 2010 Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome) to jeroboam. The new Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Ancient History outdoes them all in capacity (clearly a rehoboam) and range. This vast work – comprising over 5,000 entries in more than 7,000 pages – advances confidently (note the bold use of the definite article in the title: TheEncyclopedia of Ancient History) beyond the confines of the ‘classical world’ and ‘ancient Greece and Rome’ to provide nothing less than a reference work for the whole of Ancient History from the Near East to the Egypt of the Pharaohs, from the Neolithic to the eighth century ce. The refusal of this work to recognize traditional boundaries would clearly have appealed to the spirit of Alexander III, the Great (whose entry spans an impressive six pages). Alexander would no doubt also be impressed by the remarkable juxtapositions which occur within this alphabetized encyclopaedia: in volume 11 we move within five pages from an Egyptian residence and town associated with Rameses II (Piramese) to the Greek district of Elis around Olympia (Pisa) to a ‘short Jewish magical text of a Late Antique Babylonian provenance’ (Pishra de-Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa; 5337). Alexander's attempts at eastward expansion proved, in the end, too much for his men. One wonders if this work too – in the form of thirteen printed volumes – may prove to be similarly overwhelming to many an undergraduate whose starting point lies in Augustan Rome or Periclean Athens:(consider, for example the daunting thirty-five pages of maps which precede the first entry in volume 1 (not ‘Aardvark’, alas, but ‘Abantes’). However, it is important to consider that the print version of this work is not the end of the project nor even the main point of the project at all. The Encyclopedia of Ancient History is a true child of the World Wide Web. It has clearly been conceptualized as an online resource (not simply as a printed text that can be viewed on a computer screen) that will continue to expand and evolve: The electronic form of the EAH will continue to add new articles, indeed new areas of the ancient world; to revise existing ones; and to create spaces for correction and discussion of published articles – even, in line with our conviction of the open-endedness of history, counter-articles… . It will try to represent something of the unsettledness of our disciplines and their vitality. It will continue to evolve as historical studies do. (cxxxvi)

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Akhmetbek, G., et R. Zhusupov. « A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE MYTHOLOGY ». Bulletin of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University 60, n^o 1 (2022) : 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52081/bkaku.2022.v60.i1.023.

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Chinese mythology is rich in characters invented by the boundless fantasy of the human race, there are more than a thousand of them. Mythological works are directly related to literature, therefore legends and fairy tales, where these characters appear, influenced the literature of China, and sometimes even intersect with its history.At the beginning of our era, interest in China was focused on all the unusual and strange phenomena and things that could arise as a reaction to the "dry" practice of the followers of Confucianism. Remnants of myths, folk legends and beliefs began to appear on paper. Even the titles of books of that time testify to the authors' interest in a strange and incomprehensible phenomenon: "A beautiful and amazing description", "Beautiful fairy tales", "A unique and amazing story." Some of these books were created to imitate the ancient "Book of Mountains and Seas", which is the main source of information for researchers of ancient Chinese mythology. These remarkable collections of historical records have provided researchers with a wealth of material. They also greatly influenced the development of Chinese stories, which received plots and motives from these collections. Many centuries later, in the 16th century, Xu Zhong-Lin wrote the epic novel "Ascension of the Spirits" based on myths, in which he developed the ancient imaginations of the ancients. Zhou Yu, who lived in the 17th century, tried to combine myths into epics, calling them "Legends of the creation of the world".

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Nebylitsyn, Y. S., et A. A. Nazaruk. « HISTORY OF PHLEBOLOGY (Part I) ». I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 25, n^o 2 (25 septembre 2017) : 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20172214-222.

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The article is devoted to the history of the development of pathology of the venous system. It presents the most important ancient discoveries, which allow to understand the degree of development of science, the study of venous pathology at different stages of history in various ancient civilizations. It also provides a number of historical facts, including the history of development of surgery and medicine in general, in various civilizations of the ancient world, which were obtained in the study of ancient, ancient medical treatises and museum exhibits. Given is the illustration that in each ancient civilization ways of dealing with varicose veins were completely unique and different from methods used by people of other civilizations. Of course, with time, some views were rendered incorrect. In particular, for a long time the treatment of patients with venous pathology was limited to medical assistance for varicose and treatment of venous ulcers. However, the development of medicine has gradually extended the range of surgical interventions.

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Kholboevich, Sharipov Bakhodir. « GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT "QIRQQIZ” CASTLE LOCATED IN TERMIZ DISTRICT ». American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 03, n^o 01 (1 janvier 2023) : 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume03issue01-05.

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This article provides general information about the " Qirqqiz " fortress, an architectural monument of ancient urban planning, which was built in the past in the territory of Termiz district of Surkhondarya region and a part of it has been preserved until today. The origin of the term "Qirqqiz", legends and historical sources about the " Qirqqiz " fortress monument are explained. Providing information about the ancient architectural monument, interested in the field, students, researchers, building and construction architecture, urban planning and landscape architecture, design and construction of highways, design and construction of water structures, tourism, oriental studies, archeology and history, etc. increases the interest of students and representatives of peoples of the whole world in architectural monuments. I wish success to students and young professionals who are hungry for knowledge, in their quest to study history and create the architecture of the future!

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Muller, Bryan. « Charles de Gaulle and Ancient History ». Lyuboslovie 23 (10 décembre 2023) : 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/zqmg1145.

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General de Gaulle is known for his passion for French and European history. French historical figures from the Middle Ages, the Modern era and the 19th century are sometimes associated with him. However, Charles de Gaulle was a man with a very broad cultural background and a passion for ancient history. This greatly influenced his thinking, his writing style and his perception of certain countries and peoples. Greco-Roman history and literature had a profound influence on him, and this article analyses this in greater detail.

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HENRY, CELIA M. « CHINESE BEVERAGE IS ANCIENT HISTORY ». Chemical & ; Engineering News 83, n^o 1 (3 janvier 2005) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n001.p032.

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Akmatova, D. « History of the Study of Imitative in General Linguistics ». Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2022) : 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/74/50.

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The history of the origin of imitative has ancient roots. People have been interested in imitations since ancient times. Not only linguists, but also even philosophers, psychologists, to one degree or another at different times, have addressed the problem of sound visualization. Imitative vocabulary helps to increase the imagery and emotional expressiveness of the word. However, due to its complex nature, for some time, linguists of various languages did not conduct serious research on the linguistic functions of imitative words. However, they are often found in oral folk art and fiction, giving these texts artistic and poetic meaning, expressiveness, imagery, artistic power and accessibility, liveliness and dynamism, all this has led, now, to the fact that linguists began to pay close attention the study of this unusual group of words. Тhey are divided into types, separated into a special part of speech, they are used in the formation of new words, they act as members of a sentence.

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Russell, J. R., et Richard N. Frye. « The History of Ancient Iran ». Journal of the American Oriental Society 108, n^o 2 (avril 1988) : 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603674.

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Svizzero, Serge, et Clement Tisdell. « Inequality and Wealth Creation in Ancient History : Malthus’ Theory Reconsidered ». ECONOMICS & ; SOCIOLOGY 7, n^o 3 (20 septembre 2014) : 222–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2014/7-3/17.

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Papavramidou, Niki. « The ancient history of dementia ». Neurological Sciences 39, n^o 11 (17 juillet 2018) : 2011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3501-4.

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Cooper, Robert A. « Ancient DNA & ; Human History ». American Biology Teacher 81, n^o 5 (1 mai 2019) : 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2019.81.5.378.

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Romer, Alfred Sherwood. « THE “ANCIENT HISTORY” OF BONE ». Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 109, n^o 1 (15 décembre 2006) : 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13466.x.

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Vlassopoulos, Kostas. « Greek History ». Greece and Rome 69, n^o 1 (7 mars 2022) : 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383521000309.

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Free labour constitutes the largest black hole in ancient Greek economic and social history. The New Institutional Economics approaches that are currently so influential in Greek economic history focus on growth and transaction costs, but have largely ignored labour; it is not accidental that Bresson's monumental synthesis of ancient Greek economies has no chapter devoted to the issue. This is what makes the volume edited by Edmund Stewart, Edward Harris, and David Lewis on skilled labour and professionalism in ancient societies such an important contribution. The thirteen chapters explore three major issues. The first concerns the processes through which the division of labour and specialization created distinctions between unskilled and skilled labour. The second theme focuses on the major advantages that treasured skills offered to those individuals and groups that possessed them, and the ways in which individuals and states recruited and bargained with skilled labourers. The third is the extent to which it is possible to use the concept of professionalization to describe the process by which some ancient occupations came to constitute professions. The volume examines various case studies: while in some instances it is possible to describe such forms of skilled labour as professions (doctors, sculptors, musicians, actors), in other areas (athletes, soldiers) such a label is highly misleading. Particularly valuable in this respect is the exploration of the impact of various factors and processes on the extent of professionalization of different occupations.

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Petrovic, Ivana, et Andrej Petrovic. « General ». Greece and Rome 66, n^o 2 (19 septembre 2019) : 334–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383519000159.

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Most of us tend to encounter Greek myths in childhood as exciting stories brimming with heroes, monsters, and moody divinities. The story of Odysseus’ homecoming and the story about the Little Mermaid feature different characters, but their relationship to reality is understood to be the same: they are fantasy, and not real. If, like me, you were lucky enough to escape the Disneyfication of fairy tales in your childhood, perhaps you will remember the brutality and harshness of folktales, which puts them on a par with many Greek myths. My first encounters with ancient Greek stories about the gods and heroes were very similar to Sarah Iles Johnston's: we were both captivated by Greek myth as children, and the passion, once kindled, only grew stronger when we became mature enough to read the ‘real thing’. In my case, learning about ancient Greek culture and becoming a scholar of Greek religion required a thorough rethink, as I needed to readjust my stance towards Greek myths in order to understand the role that they played in ancient Greek society as formative narratives about the communities’ identities, early history, and human relationships with the gods. My process essentially required an emotional detachment from the beloved heroes of my childhood and a significant amount of distancing.

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Dobran, Stefana-Andrada, Livia Livint Popa et Dafin Muresanu. « History of Neurotrauma in Ancient Greece ». Journal of Medicine and Life 15, n^o 3 (mars 2022) : 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2022-1003.

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Bagindo, Muhammad Nur, Maizufri Ilyas Chaniago, Herwandi Herwandi, Purwohusodo Muhammad Djamil et Hanafi Hussin. « Minangkabau Ancient History and Cultural Communication ». Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8, SI16 (26 novembre 2023) : 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v8isi16.5242.

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This study focuses on history and culture communication the Minangkabau kingdom that located on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. This kingdom covers the central part of the island of Sumatra. The Minangkabau Malay kingdom was centered on the Batanghari River. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of Minangkabau Malay in world trade and the results of cultural communication. The research method used is historical research methods through library and archive research. It turned out that the Ancient Minangkabau Malay Kingdom had opened cultural relations with India so that there were Hindu and Buddhist influences in Sumatra.

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Petrovic, Ivana, et Andrej Petrovic. « General ». Greece and Rome 66, n^o 1 (11 mars 2019) : 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383518000414.

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‘Why Classics matters’ is an important question and Neville Morley offers his answer in a slim volume published in Polity's Why It Matters series which is advertised as follows: ‘word-leading thinkers make the case for the importance of their subjects and aim to inspire a new generation of students’. Morley opens the book with a chapter entitled ‘What's Wrong with Classics’ and presents himself in the afterword as ‘a historian who does ancient stuff’, whose ‘ability to appreciate Latin poetry…or spot subtle intertextual references is, to say the least, negligible’ (126). His first chapter provides basic information about the standing and importance of classical languages in the Western curriculum from the Middle Ages to the present day and then focuses on the (much discussed) issue of gender and class: yes, Classics used to be the epitome of the aristocratic male education, not only in Britain (the main focus of Morley's book) but throughout Europe. This fact, and the trite topos of the sadistic at worst, mind-numbingly boring at best, Classics teacher is illustrated with many quotations from literature, from Eliot'sMiddlemarchto Tartt'sThe Secret History. From classical knowledge as cultural capital Morley pivots to Classics as ‘a weapon in the culture wars and the clash of civilizations’ (35) and to far-right internet memes, which leads him to the conclusion that Classics matters today precisely because it is dangerous and deeply problematic. At some point in this chapter he swerves into narrowing down Classics to mean ‘ancient history’ – approximately at the point where he remarks that classicists themselves have actually been ‘at the forefront of questioning traditional understanding of the classical word and how it should be studied’ (36), so his answer as to why Classics does matter mostly pertains to the study of ancient history (and, to a degree, reception):But we do need people who know classical antiquity, who can compare it with other historical periods and cultural traditions, explore how it has shaped the present (for good and ill), and chart ways in which our societies can draw positive inspiration from it for the future. (40)

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Dion, Paul, et Victor H. Matthews. « A Brief History of Ancient Israel ». Journal of the American Oriental Society 123, n^o 3 (juillet 2003) : 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3217786.

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Morenz, Ludwig D., et Antonio Loprieno. « Ancient Egyptian Literature : History and Forms ». Journal of the American Oriental Society 119, n^o 1 (janvier 1999) : 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605578.

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Ryabinin, Alexei. « The East, the West, and the World History ». Oriental Courier, n^o 3-4 (2021) : 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310017999-6.

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The author raises in the article an important question of human civilization development: what contribution the East has made to the centuries-long evolution of society. The author emphasizes that, despite the low attention to the countries of the East in the World History books, it was the “Eastern” way that laid down by the great despotisms: Ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient India, Ancient China, and was the main way of human development. Indeed the “Western path” did not appear immediately in Europe itself: both Minoan and Mycenaean Greece developed along the Eastern path, and only in Homeric Greece did the features of “Western” development begin to emerge, more clearly manifested in archaic Greece. The author concludes that such a “Western” emerged as a result of historical coincidence. The author turns to the similarities between the Eastern and Western paths of development, reinforcing them with examples from the history of Ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and Ancient China. The author pays special attention to the ancient Chinese model of statehood as a special kind of transformation of the supreme power. Many scholars record the presence in Ancient China in the 8th–7th centuries B.C. of the socio-political and political-administrative system typologically like the one that existed in Western Europe in the 11th–13th centuries. Ryabinin asks the question: “Why did this socio-political and politico-administrative system in Ancient China cease to exist?”. By the 8th–7th centuries, the Chinese state practice during the time of confrontation with the barbarians developed a new model of the political system and mobilization economy which did not allow the Chinese society to rebuild and avoid the format of a despotic regime. According to the author, the concept of “feudalism” in terms of relations within the ruling stratum does not belong exclusively to Western Europe. “Feudalism” as a system of vassal-loyal relations, for example, can also be observed in certain areas of India. Accordingly, the uniqueness of the European way of developing political systems lies not in democracy but something else. The paper emphasizes that this peculiarity is the priority of the wealthy people associated primarily with the market. It was those people who determined the main direction of the development of ancient society both in Classical Greece and in Republican Rome.

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Okorokova, Vira, et Olena Koicheva. « Features of ancient Roman jurisprudence of the classical period and its place in the history of the state of Ancient Rome ». Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, n^o 9 (347) (2021) : 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-9(347)-4-14.

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The article is devoted to the study of Roman jurisprudence during its heyday. Scientific novelty is expressed in the analysis of legal innovations that were developed by such lawyers of this period as (Gaius (II century BC), Papinian (II–III centuries), Paul (II–III centuries), Ulpian (II–III century) аnd Modestin (II–III centuries). Despite the great importance of the works of these jurists, their study does not differ significantly from a number of studies. The article points to the continuity in the history of Roman jurisprudence, which is manifested in the gradual registration of jurisprudence in a separate field, which has its own needs and requirements for the activities of jurists, their training and more. Historical and legal analysis of the activities of these lawyers indicates a certain evolution of jurisprudence from the rigid traditional system of queer law to a more mobile system of civil law, which was adapted to the new socio-economic and political conditions of ancient Rome. Jurisprudence gradually in the conditions of imperial Rome is made out in separate legal institute that provides not only consultations on these or those transactions, but also legal protection. The authors draw attention to the fact that the activity of lawyers was the defining stage that laid the foundations for further transformation of the legal system, its reception in some Western European countries of subsequent historical epochs.

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Binois, A. « Excavating the history of ancient veterinary practices ». Veterinary Record 176, n^o 22 (29 mai 2015) : 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.h991.

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Corke-Webster, James. « Roman History ». Greece and Rome 66, n^o 1 (11 mars 2019) : 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383518000372.

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The first time I visited Pompeii, I was walking along one of its iconic paved streets when another visitor in front of me stumbled over a rough patch of pavement. Looking down resentfully, she turned to her friend and said in an irritated tone, ‘Look at this! They really need to do something about these roads…’. If that sore-toed tourist had found Eric Poehler's new book, The Traffic Systems of Pompeii, in the Pompeian gift shop, she would have been much illuminated. This long-gestated project represents an exciting new type of scholarship on the ancient world, using evidence gleaned from the scratched and rutted roads of Pompeii and other urban sites across the empire to expose both how ancient traffic worked and the constantly evolving negotiations between residents and government over its control.

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Hieke, Thomas, Christopher T. Begg, Fred W. Guyette et Victor H. Matthews. « The Ancient Near East : History, Texts, etc. » Old Testament Abstracts 45, n^o 1 (2022) : 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ota.2022.0001.

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Begg, Christopher T. « The Ancient Near East : History, Texts, etc ». Old Testament Abstracts 44, n^o 3 (2021) : 670–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ota.2021.0055.

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Prioreschi, P. « Alternative medicine in ancient and medieval history ». Medical Hypotheses 55, n^o 4 (octobre 2000) : 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/mehy.2000.1061.

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Stanislawski, Michael B., et David Grant Noble. « Santa Fe : History of an Ancient City ». American Indian Quarterly 16, n^o 4 (1992) : 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185332.

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Begg, Christopher T., et Isaac M. Alderman. « The Ancient Near East : History, Texts, etc ». Old Testament Abstracts 46, n^o 1 (février 2023) : 10–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ota.2023.0001.

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Raja, A. « Adichanallur, Sivagalai, Korkai Excavations and Ancient History ». Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 8, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2023) : 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v8i2.6736.

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In recent times in Tamil Nadu, the Tamil Nadu Government Archeology Department has carried out excavations at Adichanallur, Sivagalai and Korkai. These excavations have yielded abundant evidence of the ancient culture of Tamils. These evidences help a lot in knowing and creating human history. By subjecting this archaeological evidence to scientific analysis, its antiquity has been determined. Through this, the aim of this study is to study the ancient history, culture, lifestyle and civilization of Tamils. These studies explain the life, socio-economics, art, culture, literacy and trade of the 3200 years old Tamil society.

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Shorrock, Robert. « General ». Greece and Rome 64, n^o 1 (14 mars 2017) : 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383516000309.

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For those readers seeking an engaging general introduction to the classical world, The Ancient World by Jeremy Toner would make an excellent first port of call. It is part of a new (though hardly original) series of ‘Small Introductions to Big Topics’ which thus far includes Politics, Art in History, and Shakespeare. The book chooses to focus not on toga-clad Romans and gleaming marbles temples but on that ‘other’ ancient world filled with noise, colour, death, and disease, populated not primarily by emperors and poets but by the ‘silent’ majority of slaves and the freeborn poor. Despite the catch-all title, this is a book which is more obviously about the Roman than the Greek world. This is, however, a small grumble and Toner's enthusiasm for his subject is infectious. Of particular interest is the discussion of watermills and the generation of energy (71–6), comparison between the empires of Rome and China (104–18), and the way in which a ‘Rome-coloured vision’ from the medieval period up to the high-classical watermark of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries informed the West's perspective of, and engagement with, Islam (122–30). Illustrations are not abundant (and it is a shame not to have included a picture of the Vietnam Memorial discussed on pages 135–7), but they are decent enough, with several helpful maps of the Hellenistic and Roman worlds (with the seas – the Black Sea and Red Sea included – coloured pink – neatly complementing the book's presentation of a less-familiar-looking ancient world).

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Xu, Junjun. « Ancient Chinese constellations ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (janvier 2009) : 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131100319x.

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AbstractChina, a country with a long history and a specific culture, has also a long and specific astronomy. Ancient Chinese astronomers observed the stars, named and distributed them into constellations in a very specific way, which is quite different from the current one. Around the Zodiac, stars are divided into four big regions corresponding with the four orientations, and each is related to a totem, either the Azure Dragon, the Vermilion Bird, the White Tiger or the Murky Warrior. We present a general pattern of the ancient Chinese constellations, including the four totems, their stars and their names.

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Fu, Louis. « Surgical history of ancient China : part 1 ». ANZ Journal of Surgery 79, n^o 12 (décembre 2009) : 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2009.05138.x.

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Fu, Louis. « Surgical history of ancient China : part 2 ». ANZ Journal of Surgery 80, n^o 3 (mars 2010) : 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2010.05212.x.

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Melville, Duncan J. « Mathematics in Ancient Iraq : A Social History ». Historia Mathematica 36, n^o 4 (novembre 2009) : 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hm.2009.07.013.

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Eisenhofer, Raphael, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Ken-ichi Shinoda et Laura S. Weyrich. « Investigating the demographic history of Japan using ancient oral microbiota ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 375, n^o 1812 (5 octobre 2020) : 20190578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0578.

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While microbial communities in the human body (microbiota) are now commonly associated with health and disease in industrialised populations, we know very little about how these communities co-evolved and changed with humans throughout history and deep prehistory. We can now examine these communities by sequencing ancient DNA preserved within calcified dental plaque (calculus), providing insights into the origins of disease and their links to human history. Here, we examine ancient DNA preserved within dental calculus samples and their associations with two major cultural periods in Japan: the Jomon period hunter–gatherers approximately 3000 years before present (BP) and the Edo period agriculturalists 400–150 BP. We investigate how human oral microbiomes have changed in Japan through time and explore the presence of microorganisms associated with oral diseases (e.g. periodontal disease, dental caries) in ancient Japanese populations. Finally, we explore oral microbial strain diversity and its potential links to ancient demography in ancient Japan by performing phylogenomic analysis of a widely conserved oral species— Anaerolineaceae oral taxon 439. This research represents, to our knowledge, the first study of ancient oral microbiomes from Japan and demonstrates that the analysis of ancient dental calculus can provide key information about the origin of non-infectious disease and its deep roots with human demography. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules’.

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KOMİLİ, Katriye, et Yağmur BAHAR. « HISTORY OF TUBERCULOSIS ». JOURNAL OF INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL RESEARCHES 7, n^o 28 (28 septembre 2021) : 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31623/iksad072807.

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The history of tuberculosis disease dates back to very ancient times. Information from these ages shed light on today's tuberculosis disease. Tuberculosis has been one of the most important diseases that have negatively affected people's lives since ancient times and caused their death. The introduction of tuberculosis by humans occurred when cattle joined their daily habitats. Cattle meat , milk was used to spread the disease rapidly. The only common thing about tuberculosis, which has been referred to by different names throughout the ages, is that its consequences intersect somewhere. Most of the disease is caused by myobacterium Tuberculosis Bacillus. Bacillus was introduced to the world in 1882 through Robert Koach. Tuberculosis causes the most outbreaks in the world after Aids. Past medical history and radiological examinations are of great importance in the diagnosis of the disease. Drug treatment of patients continues for 6 to 8 months, but progress is blocked in the first two to three weeks. The aim of this study is to give general information about the progress of the disease throughout history. Key words: Bacillus , Epidemic, Tuberculosis

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سلطان, حمزة, et حامد محمد علي. « Greek history and philosophical enlightenment ». Kufa Journal of Arts 1, n^o 5 (2 octobre 2009) : 151–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2010/v1.i5.6502.

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Greece is one of the countries that had a distinguished name in the history of civilizations, and its star shone in the history of humanity in general and in the history of thought and science in particular. This led to an imbalance in the historical right of the ancient civilizations, because the ancient civilizations represented a state of homogeneity and intellectual and cultural cross-fertilization among themselves, and we found much of what was found among the people of Greece in terms of customs, traditions and life practices that have roots among the people of the East, especially religious practices. The people of Greece were distinguished from other peoples by striving Beyond the sciences and knowledge, the Greek student used to sacrifice valuable things in order to learn from great teachers

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Johnson, Christine. « Buying Stories : Ancient Tales, Renaissance Travelers, and the Market for the Marvelous ». Journal of Early Modern History 11, n^o 6 (2007) : 405–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006507783207372.

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AbstractWhy did Renaissance writers continue to repeat ancient descriptions about the distant places of the world, even after the arrival of new eyewitness accounts from contemporary travelers? Scholars have usually presented the survival of ancient reports as a reactionary clinging to "ancient authority" in the face of "modern experience." However, both ancient and modern descriptions purported to be based on direct observation, supplemented by hearsay, a claim that gave both sources some, but not undisputed, authority. Furthermore, modern explorations, although rendering certain ancient reports increasingly suspect, also provided confirmation about the wonders possible at the edges of the earth. Renaissance writers excluded some ancient and modern claims on the basis of superior understanding and standards of plausibility, but in general tried to include as much information as possible to provide readers with a full (if tentative) geographical picture and satisfy expectations about the existence of the marvelous. The confrontation between "ancient authority" and "modern experience" was manufactured in this period by select writers with a stake in the European expansion, who sought thereby to prove their indispensability.

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Spielman, Andrew I., et Judith Forrai. « History of the mouthwash ». Kaleidoscope history 13, n^o 26 (2023) : 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.35.

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Marinis, Agis. « Roots ancient or medieval ? Nikolaos Politis, modern Greek folklore studies and ancient Greek religion ». Historical Review/La Revue Historique 16 (1 avril 2020) : 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.22824.

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The question posed by the title can be reformulated in the following manner: to what extent has it been possible or desirable to connect modern Greek customs with ancient ones? not customs in general, but more precisely religious customs. Greek folklore studies typically begin with Nikolaos Politis, professor at the University of Athens, the first to introduce the term λαογραφία (meaning “folklore studies”) towards the end of the nineteenth century. Yet, we need to revert to at least as far back as the time prior to the Greek Revolution, that is, the period of the Greek enlightenment, in order to trace the beginnings of the shaping of the ideological framework of modern Greek folklore studies. it is well known and has aptly been pointed out, also in connection with Greek folklore studies, that for the Greeks the enlightenment movement went hand in hand with a specific form of romanticism. The Greek idea of the nation developed within the framework of the Romantic movement and on the basis of the connection between “us” and “the ancients”. How, then, were modern Greek folk customs that were not firmly related to the orthodox church incorporated in this new cultural narrative?

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Neufeld, Paulo Murillo. « A história do exame de urina : Idade antiga ». Revista Brasileira de Análises Clínicas 54, n^o 1 (2022) : 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21877/2118-3877.202200069.

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Güterbock, Hans G., Seton Lloyd et Hans G. Guterbock. « Ancient Turkey : A Traveller's History of Anatolia ». Journal of the American Oriental Society 113, n^o 2 (avril 1993) : 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603038.

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van Seters, John, J. Maxwell Miller et John H. Hayes. « A History of Ancient Israel and Judah ». Journal of the American Oriental Society 108, n^o 2 (avril 1988) : 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603661.

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Lai, L. « Political orientation as a characteristic of media (on the example of ancient Chinese newspapers) ». Communicology 11, n^o 4 (29 décembre 2023) : 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21453/2311-3065-2023-11-4-25-37.

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The manuscript is devoted to identifying the types and political characteristics of ancient Chinese newspapers. The study of the history of journalism is an important part of the study of Chinese history and, at the same time, contributes to a clear understanding of modern processes. The scientific discourse discusses historical and cultural factors influencing the development of modern journalism. Meanwhile, studying the history of ancient Chinese journalism is no less important than studying modern journalism in a given country. The article analyzes the socio-political conditions of the birth of newspapers in ancient China, the activities of their publishers, the political goals and content of newspapers, the audience, and interaction with the ruling authorities. A comparative analysis of ancient Chinese official, private legal and illegal publications is given. The author analyzes scientific sources based on the principle of historicism, such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction. The main research methods are historical-genetic and historical typological.

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Kafle, Dol Raj. « A History of Untouchability in Nepal ». Voice of History 31, n^o 1 (20 avril 2023) : 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/voh.v31i1.53790.

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This study tries to explore how the practice of untouchability developed in the ancient Indian Aryan society and over time entered Nepal and gradually took root in Nepali society. This study presents an argument based on historical facts that the practice of untouchability originated in the Indian Aryan society under the practice of some of the elites who had been in powerful positions. The practice was mainly instituted by the elites to continue exercising their power to subjugate the powerless. As the same, elite Aryans started migrating to Nepal during the ancient period, they brought with them the same practice to continue exercising self-acquired power within the Nepali society. But there was no strongly practiced untouchability in ancient Nepali society. The practice was slowly instituted with the adoption of associated rituals and traditions. The main objective of this study is to explore and analyze untouchability from a historical perspective. The custom of untouchability has existed in Nepal for centuries, there is limited historical evidence of any efforts to abolish it during the ancient and medieval periods. This study combines a qualitative research approach and a historical framework to explore the connection between a social norm and its history.

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Vlassopoulos, Kostas. « Greek History ». Greece and Rome 66, n^o 2 (19 septembre 2019) : 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001738351900010x.

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Ancient Greek history can have no serious future in which the study of slavery does not play a prominent role. But in order to fulfil this role, the study of slavery is in urgent need of new approaches and perspectives. David Lewis’ new book is a splendid contribution in this direction. Lewis stresses the fact that slavery is primarily a relationship of property, and develops a cross-cultural framework for approaching slavery in this manner. Using this framework, he shows that Greek slavery cannot be equated with slavery in classical Athens, but consisted of various epichoric systems of slavery. Spartan helots and Cretanwoikeiswere not serfs or dependent peasants, but slave property with peculiar characteristics, as a result of the peculiar development of these communities. These findings have major implications for the study of Greek slavery. At the same time, he presents a comparative examination of Greek slave systems with slave systems in the ancient Near East (Israel, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, and Carthage). While previous scholarship assumed that slavery in the Near East was marginal, Lewis shows that slaves constituted a major part of elite portfolios in many of these societies. This has revolutionary implications for the comparative study of Mediterranean and Near Eastern history in antiquity. Finally, he presents a model for explaining the role and significance of slavery in different ancient societies, which includes the factors that determine the choice of labour force, as well as the impact of political and economic geography. It is remarkable that an approach to slavery based on a cross-cultural and ahistorical definition of property does not lead to a homogenizing and static account, but on the contrary opens the way for a perspective that highlights geographical diversity and chronological change.

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