Articles de revues : « Gender-Species »

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Nicolson, Dan H. « SPECIES EPITHETS AND GENDER INFORMATION ». TAXON 35, n^o 2 (mai 1986) : 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1221280.

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Shrestha, Sajani. « IMPACT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND GENDER ». International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, n^o 1 (27 janvier 2021) : 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i1.2021.2859.

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Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is considered the second major cause of biodiversity loss and habitat degradation. They pose a serious threat to different ecosystems of Nepal such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and natural systems. Invasive alien species affect people's livelihoods and human well-being. Some species are important sources of fuel wood, fodder, timber and food products for local households and communities. Similarly, some species hold cultural, spiritual and recreational significance. In contrast, they also harm livelihoods and increase vulnerability via land encroachment and reduction in mobility or access. In some cases, they also diminish the abundance of natural resources used by households and reduce agricultural production. This results in a loss of their income and increases vulnerability. Furthermore, some invasive species have also negative implications on human health and safety. Likewise, they are responsible for reducing the cultural value of landscapes. Invasive Alien Species are well-recognized drivers of social-ecological change. Extensive research on invasive species in Nepal has yet to be done. Therefore, the impact of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being is a lesser-known concept. The effect of benefits and costs analysis of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being remains pivotal for policy-making and management. This article is based on the development of a comprehensive national strategy and plan of action to control and manage IAS in Nepal. It discusses the broader aspect and status of IAS in Nepal.

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Strang, Veronica. « Gender and Pan-Species Democracy in the Anthropocene ». Religions 12, n^o 12 (6 décembre 2021) : 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12121078.

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There are diverse historical trajectories in human societies’ relationships with the non-human world. While many small place-based groups have tried to retain egalitarian partnerships with other species and ecosystems, larger societies have made major transitions. In religious terms, they have moved from worshipping female, male or androgynous non-human deities, to valorising pantheons of deities that, over time, became semi-human and then human in form. Reflecting Durkheimian changes in social and political arrangements, movements towards patriarchy led to declining importance in female deities, and the eventual primacy of single male Gods. With these changes came dualistic beliefs separating Culture from Nature, gendering these as male and female, and asserting male dominion over both Nature and women. These beliefs supported activities that have led to the current environmental crisis: unrestrained growth; hegemonic expansion; colonialism, and unsustainable exploitation of the non-human world. These are essentially issues of inequality: between genders, between human groups, and between human societies and other living kinds. This paper draws on a series of ethnographic research projects (since 1992) exploring human-environmental relationships, primarily in Australia, the UK, and New Zealand, and on a larger comparative study, over many years, of a range of ethnographic, archaeological, theological, and historical material from around the world. It considers contemporary debates challenging Nature-Culture dualism and promoting ‘rights for Nature’ or—rejecting anthropocentricity to recognize an indivisible world—for the non-human communities with whom we co-inhabit ecosystems. Proposing new ways to configure ethical debates, it suggests that non-human rights are, like women’s rights, fundamentally concerned with power relations, social status, and access to material resources, to the extent that the achievement of ‘pan-species democracy’ and greater equality between living kinds goes hand-in-hand with social, political and religious equality between genders.

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Sayers, Janet, Lindsay Hamilton et Kate Sang. « Organizing animals : Species, gender and power at work ». Gender, Work & ; Organization 26, n^o 3 (avril 2019) : 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12277.

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Mardon, Jérôme, Sandra M. Saunders, Marti J. Anderson, Charline Couchoux et Francesco Bonadonna. « Species, Gender, and Identity : Cracking Petrels’ Sociochemical Code ». Chemical Senses 35, n^o 4 (26 février 2010) : 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjq021.

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Cooper, W. R., et D. R. Horton. « Gender- and Species-Specific Characteristics of Bacteriomes from Three Psyllid Species (Hemiptera : Psylloidea) ». Journal of Entomological Science 49, n^o 2 (avril 2014) : 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-49.2.190.

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Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, Xing-Fu Zhu, Hang Sun, Yong-Ping Yang et Spencer C. H. Barrett. « Size-dependent gender modification in Lilium apertum (Liliaceae) : does this species exhibit gender diphasy ? » Annals of Botany 114, n^o 3 (25 juillet 2014) : 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu140.

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Kordecki, Lesley. « Not a Conclusion to Gender and Species, Ecofeminist Intersections ». Medieval Feminist Forum 54, n^o 1 (28 mars 2018) : 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/1536-8742.2118.

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Liu, Fan, Xiao-Li Yue, Jin-Ming Chen et Qing-Feng Wang. « Gender modification in a monoecious species Sagittaria potamogetifolia (Alismataceae) ». Plant Ecology 199, n^o 2 (4 mai 2008) : 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9426-x.

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Cooper, W. R., et D. R. Horton. « Correction : Gender- and Species-Specific Characteristics of Bacteriomes From Three Psyllid (Hemiptera : Psylloidea) Species ». Journal of Entomological Science 50, n^o 1 (janvier 2015) : 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-50.1.88.

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MATTHEE, SONJA, MELODIE A. McGEOCH et BORIS R. KRASNOV. « Parasite-specific variation and the extent of male-biased parasitism ; an example with a South African rodent and ectoparasitic arthropods ». Parasitology 137, n^o 4 (16 octobre 2009) : 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009991338.

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SUMMARYWe asked whether the occurrence and the extent of host gender-biased parasitism vary among higher parasite taxa, among individual species within these taxa and within parasite species among localities. To answer this question, we studied prevalence, abundance, species richness and the level of aggregation of ectoparasites (ticks, mites, lice and fleas) collected from male and female striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) in 9 localities of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. We used meta-analyses to compare parasitological variables between male and female hosts across localities for individual parasite species and higher taxa as well as across parasite species within a higher taxon. Whenever gender-biased parasitism was found, it indicated higher infestation of male than female hosts (except 1 low abundant mite species). We found that the occurrence and extent of gender-biased infestation varied mainly within a parasite species among localities and among parasite species within a higher taxon but not among parasite taxa. Our results suggest that the extent of a gender-biased pattern of parasite infestation of the same host may not only involve host-related mechanisms but also depends on biological features of a particular parasite species.

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Dorken, M. E., et S. C. H. Barrett. « Gender plasticity in Sagittaria sagittifolia (Alismataceae), a monoecious aquatic species ». Plant Systematics and Evolution 237, n^o 1-2 (1 mars 2003) : 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-002-0243-8.

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Hovorka, Alice J. « Women/chickens vs. men/cattle : Insights on gender–species intersectionality ». Geoforum 43, n^o 4 (juin 2012) : 875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.02.005.

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Gangaplara, Arunakumar, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Hanspeter Waldner et Jay Reddy. « Role of reactive oxygen species in gender-associated autoimmunity (83.15) ». Journal of Immunology 184, n^o 1_Supplement (1 avril 2010) : 83.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.83.15.

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Abstract Gender-bias exists in proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in that both male and female SJL mice develop disease but only females show chronic relapses and their underlying mechanisms are unknown. It has been shown that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in the mediation of autoimmune diseases, but the recent evidence suggests that ROS can suppress autoimmune responses. We hypothesize that T cell-derived ROS are critical to the maintenance of self-tolerance and favor developing resistance to autoimmunity in male mice. To address this hypothesis, we used PLP 139-151-specific T cell receptor (5B6) transgenic (tg) mice and measured ROS production in activated 5B6 T cells by flow cytometry using CM-H2DCFDA as an ROS indicator. Unexpectedly, we found that T cells from female mice produced two fold more ROS when compared to males. We verified these differences by evaluating mRNA expression of oxidative and anti-oxidative defense genes in 5B6 tg T cells and PLP 139-151-specific T cells sorted from immunized wild type (wt) SJL mice by using PLP 139-151 tetramers. TaqMan PCR analysis revealed that interleukin-22 mRNA, a cytokine implicated in ROS metabolism and EAE pathogenesis was increased by three fold in T cells obtained from tg or wt female mice. The data suggests that sex steroids and T cell-derived cytokines have a role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in autoreactive T cells and T cell tolerance.

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Florijančić, Tihomir, Anđelko Opačak, Ivica BoŠković, Dinko Jelkić, SiniŠa Ozimec, Tanja Bogdanović, Irena ListeŠ, Mario Škrivanko et Zlatko PuŠkadija. « Heavy metal concentrations in the liver of two wild duck species : influence of species and gender ». Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, sup3 (1 janvier 2009) : 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s3.222.

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Pergadia, Samantha. « Slaughterhouse Intimacies ». New Literary History 54, n^o 2 (mars 2023) : 1013–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2023.a907157.

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Abstract: This essay traces slaughterhouse intimacies, sites of material entanglement between and among species, gender, race, sexuality, and reproduction. The phrase may seem paradoxical: the slaughterhouse is a line of death and dismemberment; intimacy connotes vital connection, private interiority. Yet the history of industrial animal farming, I argue, traffics between the intimateexchanges of gender, race, and species at the slaughterhouse, an institution that binds species to reproductive control, alters how animals are known, and changes the tempo and scale of violence itself—making the unthinkable possible. Two strands of scholarship recruit animals or species to comprehendviolations of human-based difference. Second-wave feminists often recruitedan analogic comparison between animals and women to outlinethe contours of a sexism that treats women like animals. The burgeoning field of Black animality studies has focused attention on the race-as-species metaphor in the history of scientific racism. Yet little attention has been paid to the material pathways through which industrial farming changed the entanglements of race, species, and gender. By close reading Ruth Ozeki's novel, My Year of Meats (1998), I unpack the material connectionslying beneath metaphorical comparisons and trace the circulation of U.S. meat through global circulation networks that produce and reproduce our notions of gender, race, time, species, sexuality, and reproduction.

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Shiraga, T., K. Iwasaki, K. Takeshita, H. Matsuda, T. Niwa, Z. Tozuka, T. Hata et F. P. Guengerich. « Species- and gender-related differences in amine, alcohol and phenol sulphoconjugations ». Xenobiotica 25, n^o 10 (janvier 1995) : 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00498259509061906.

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Lim, Wei Ling Florence, Kevin Huynh, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Ian Martins, Kaushala S. Jayawardana, Corey Giles, Natalie A. Mellett et al. « Relationships Between Plasma Lipids Species, Gender, Risk Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease ». Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 76, n^o 1 (30 juin 2020) : 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-191304.

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Crowell, Susan R., W. Matthew Henderson, Jeffrey W. Fisher et John F. Kenneke. « Gender and species differences in triadimefon metabolism by rodent hepatic microsomes ». Toxicology Letters 193, n^o 1 (mars 2010) : 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.011.

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Liu, Wei, Lan Tang, Ling Ye, Zheng Cai, Bijun Xia, Jiajie Zhang, Ming Hu et Zhongqiu Liu. « Species and Gender Differences Affect the Metabolism of Emodin via Glucuronidation ». AAPS Journal 12, n^o 3 (14 mai 2010) : 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-010-9200-6.

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Tseng, Chao-Neng, Yung-Ting Chang, Hui-Tzu Chiu, Yii-Cheng Chou, Hurng-Wern Huang, Chien-Chung Cheng, Ming-Hui Liao et Hsueh-Wei Chang. « High-Throughput Gender Identification of Penguin Species Using Melting Curve Analysis ». Animal Biotechnology 25, n^o 2 (20 février 2014) : 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2013.836105.

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Karvonen, Anssi, et Kai Lindström. « Spatiotemporal and gender-specific parasitism in two species of gobiid fish ». Ecology and Evolution 8, n^o 12 (20 mai 2018) : 6114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4151.

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Wang, Ziyue, Yijing Lei, Guanqing Liu, Yihang Ning, Runxin Ni, Tao Zhang et Mengli Xi. « Male-Specific Sequence in Populus simonii Provides Insights into Gender Determination of Poplar ». Forests 14, n^o 12 (6 décembre 2023) : 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122385.

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The genus Populus is composed of dioecious woody plants and adult females produce large numbers of seed hairs that can affect public health and pose a potential fire risk. However, it is difficult to distinguish between males and females based on their morphology at the seedling stage. Therefore, developing a technology that identifies the gender of poplar seedlings is crucial for controlling seed hairs. In this study, we developed an approach for the early gender identification of Tacamahaca and Aigeiros species based on the male-specific sequence in Populus simonii. The gender of Tacamahaca and Aigeiros species can be accurately identified by PCR. The sequencing results showed that the male-specific sequence was conserved in P. simonii and its F1 progenies. Interestingly, there were three nucleobase differences between Tacamahaca and Aigeiros species. Sequence alignment showed that the male-specific sequence had not been assembled on the pseudochromosome. Subsequently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to locate this specific sequence at the short arm end of chromosome 19 in male P. simonii. This study provides an efficient and convenient method for early gender determination of Tacamahaca and Aigeiros species and lays the groundwork for exploring key sex-determination genes.

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Reis, Amanda Silva, Liliane de Sousa Silva, Christiane França Martins et José Realino de Paula. « Analysis of the volatile oils from three species of the gender Syzygium ». Research, Society and Development 10, n^o 7 (16 juin 2021) : e13510716375. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16375.

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The species Syzygium cumini, Syzygium malaccense and Syzygium jambos, belong to the family Myrtaceae and are popularly known, respectively, by jambolan, red jambo and yellow jambo. These species are used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus, asthma, bronchitis, diuresis, gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, properties antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and several other uses. The objective of this work is to identify and quantify the volatile compounds in the leaves of S. cumini, S. malaccense and S. jambos. The volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was possible to identify 44 compounds present in the volatile oils of the leaves, being 20 compounds of S. cumini, 9 compounds of S. malaccense and 15 compounds of S. jambos. The major compounds present in the species S. cumini were α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene and α-humulene; for the species S. malaccense were aristolochene, γ-himachalene and δ-amorphene; and for S. jambos species were β-cariophyllene, (E,E)-α-farnesene and cariophyllene alcohol. The species S. cumini, S. malaccense and S. jambos showed considerable differences in terms of volatile compounds, it is important to know their constituents in order to promote further studies focused on their medicinal potential.

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Temmel, Nyssa A., Hardeep S. Rai et Quentin C. B. Cronk. « Sequence characterization of the putatively sex-linked Ssu72-like locus in willow and its homologue in poplarThis note is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada. » Canadian Journal of Botany 85, n^o 11 (novembre 2007) : 1092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-058.

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Previous studies have identified a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker in Salix viminalis L. that appears to segregate with gender. To characterize this marker, we tested these SCAR primers in poplar ( Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray) and 12 species of willow ( Salix ). Although amplification was inconsistent with respect to species and gender, products were obtained in four willow species (but not in poplar). The resulting sequences show that the SCAR consists of (i) a length variable purine-rich repeat region and (ii) a region highly conserved between species. The conserved region has an apparent homologue in the poplar genome, where it corresponds to the putative promoter region of an Ssu72-like gene (involved in transcriptional start site regulation) on chromosome XV. We used the poplar genome sequence to design gene-anchored primers that consistently amplify this region and part of the Ssu72-like coding region in willows as well as poplars, irrespective of species and gender. The gene-anchored primers amplify a region that, while conserved, has numerous single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) both within and between species. This region could thus be used for population and phylogenetic studies.

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Budge, Claire R., John Spicer, Boyd R. Jones et Ross St. George. « The Influence of Companion Animals on Owner Perception : Gender and Species Effects ». Anthrozoös 9, n^o 1 (mars 1996) : 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279396787001581.

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Bisang, Irene, Helena Korpelainen et Lars Hedenäs. « Can the sex-specific molecular marker ofDrepanocladus trifariusuncover gender in related species ? » Journal of Bryology 32, n^o 4 (décembre 2010) : 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.2010.32.4.305.

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Coppola, David M., et Robert J. O’Connell. « Sexual Skin in Rodents : An Across Body Region, Gender, and Species Analysis1 ». Biology of Reproduction 41, n^o 3 (1 septembre 1989) : 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod41.3.543.

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Fox, C. W., L. Dublin et S. J. Pollitt. « Gender differences in lifespan and mortality rates in two seed beetle species ». Functional Ecology 17, n^o 5 (29 septembre 2003) : 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00781.x.

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Joosse, Arjen, Esther De Vries, Casper H. Van Eijck, Alexander M. M. Eggermont, Tamar Nijsten et Jan Willem W. Coebergh. « Reactive oxygen species and melanoma : an explanation for gender differences in survival ? » Pigment Cell & ; Melanoma Research 23, n^o 3 (10 mars 2010) : 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00694.x.

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Verdu, M., P. Villar-Salvador et P. Garcia-Fayos. « Gender effects on the post-facilitation performance of two dioecious Juniperus species ». Functional Ecology 18, n^o 1 (février 2004) : 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2004.00816.x.

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Austriaco, Nicanor Pier Giorgio. « The Specification of Sex/Gender in the Human Species : A Thomistic Analysis ». New Blackfriars 94, n^o 1054 (1 octobre 2013) : 701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12028.

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Huang, Hurng-Wern, Ying-Fang Su, Cheng-Te Yao, Yu-Chen Hung, Chao-Chieh Chen, Chien-Chung Cheng, Steven Shoei-Lung Li et Hsueh-Wei Chang. « High-throughput gender identification of three Columbidae species using melting curve analysis ». Theriogenology 75, n^o 1 (janvier 2011) : 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.07.012.

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Meyer, Jordana M., Susan L. Walker, Elizabeth W. Freeman, Bernard G. Steinetz et Janine L. Brown. « Species and fetal gender effects on the endocrinology of pregnancy in elephants ». General and Comparative Endocrinology 138, n^o 3 (septembre 2004) : 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.06.010.

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Lemini, Cristina, Ruth Jaimez et Yanira Franco. « Gender and inter-species influence on coagulation tests of rats and mice ». Thrombosis Research 120, n^o 3 (janvier 2007) : 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2006.10.012.

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Sweedo, A., L. M. Wise, J. Sheriff, D. Bluestein, J. G. Purdy et M. J. Slepian. « MCS Hypershear Modulates Platelet Membrane Fluidity, Lipid Species, and is Gender Specific ». Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 39, n^o 4 (avril 2020) : S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1075.

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Pickering, Catherine M., et Julian E. Ash. « Gender Variation in Hermaphrodite Plants : Evidence from Five Species of Alpine Ranunculus ». Oikos 68, n^o 3 (décembre 1993) : 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3544923.

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Richardson, Charles R., et Keith Clay. « Sex-ratio variation among Arisaema species with different patterns of gender diphasy ». Plant Species Biology 16, n^o 2 (août 2001) : 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-1984.2001.00058.x.

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Teixido, A. L., R. L. C. Dayrell, A. J. Arruda, L. O. Azevedo, P. A. Junqueira, J. V. S. Messeder et F. A. O. Silveira. « Differential gender selection on flower size in two Neotropical savanna congeneric species ». Plant Ecology 219, n^o 1 (9 novembre 2017) : 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-017-0780-4.

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Svensson, Erik I., Kristina Karlsson, Magne Friberg et Fabrice Eroukhmanoff. « Gender Differences in Species Recognition and the Evolution of Asymmetric Sexual Isolation ». Current Biology 17, n^o 22 (novembre 2007) : 1943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.038.

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KRASNOV, BORIS R., et SONJA MATTHEE. « Spatial variation in gender-biased parasitism : host-related, parasite-related and environment-related effects ». Parasitology 137, n^o 10 (16 juin 2010) : 1527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182010000454.

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SUMMARYThe gender-biased pattern of parasite infestation has been shown to be a complicated phenomenon that cannot be explained by a single mechanism but rather involves several different mechanisms. We asked what are the factors that affect the manifestation and extent of gender-biased parasitism and studied the relationship between parasite-related (mean abundance, mean species richness and total species richness of all parasites), host-related (rodent density and proportion of reproductive males and females both separately and together) and environment-related (mean daily maximal and minimal temperatures, rainfall and relative humidity) factors and the magnitude of gender-biased infestation of a South African rodent Rhabdomys pumilio by ixodid ticks, gamasid mites, lice and fleas. We found that spatial variation in gender differences in parasite infestation was affected by parasite-, host- and environment-related factors, although the set of factors affecting gender differences in infestation differed among higher taxa of ectoparasites. Gender differences in infestation by fleas and lice were affected mainly by parasite-related factors, whereas gender differences in infestation by ticks and, in part, by mites were affected mainly by host-related and environmental factors. In addition, spatial variation in most measures of gender difference in mite infestation remained unexplained.

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Curry, Bishop B. « Animal Models Used in Identifying Gender-Related Differences ». International Journal of Toxicology 20, n^o 3 (mai 2001) : 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158101317097737.

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There is general agreement in the scientific community on the need to identify appropriate animal models that can be used to screen for gender-based differences. At the same time, there is a growing expectation for data from these models to mimic or be more predictive of the human experience. The species in this review will include nonhuman primates, rats, mice, rabbits, swine, hamsters, gerbils, quail, and fish. Although some of the models are unique, the gender-related differences, in most instances, may be correlated with man, due to the conservation of biological systems across species.

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Oduor, David Ochieng, Irene Nzisa Mutavi et Albert Elim Long’ora. « Effects of Socio-cultural Attributes on Dominant Tree Species Diversity in Ugenya Sub-County Siaya County, Kenya ». African Journal of History and Geography 1, n^o 1 (8 septembre 2022) : 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.1.1.831.

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The households’ socio-cultural characteristics are vital indicators of land use practices and human development. Attributes, for example, culture, education, and gender affect the tree species’ cover distribution. However, it is little known if they influence the dominant tree species diversity. The effort to alleviate low-level education, gender inequality accelerated by the local cultural beliefs and traditions has proved ineffective. This survey assessed the effect of culture, analysed the effect of education level, and evaluated the effect of gender on tree species diversity. A sample of 384 household heads was interviewed. A descriptive cross-section survey design and systematic random sampling were applied. Data sources were; Focus Group Discussions, key informants, observation, measurement, enumeration, and photography. Shannon Wiener’s diversity index was applied. Data was analysed using R statistics. Culturally non-adhering households t (363) = 2.62, p = .011, registered significant higher mean score (M = 1.49, SD = 0.82) compared to culturally conservative (M = 1.77, SD = 0.87). Households with higher education level registered (M = 2.02, SD = 0.12) which demonstrated lower score, compared to the households characterized by basic level of education (M = 2.43, SD = 0.26) with a significance of t (382) = 1.74, p =.036, There was insignificant mean score in species diversity contrast in the gender categories, t (382) = 0.639 p = .051, despite males (M = 2.40, SD = 0.26) attaining a lower diversity mean score (M = 2.43, SD = 0.12). The local dominant tree species’ diversity is affected by socio-cultural characteristics. Therefore, for the restoration and conservation of the tree species diversity, the socio-cultural functions should be addressed in the Ugenya Sub-County to attain net carbon sink prospects.

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Czerniak, Richard. « Gender-Based Differences in Pharmacokinetics in Laboratory Animal Models ». International Journal of Toxicology 20, n^o 3 (mai 2001) : 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158101317097746.

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The study of gender-based differences in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of compounds tested in animal models has received greater attention in recent years. As early as 1932, the pharmacological action of barbiturates was recognized as gender dependent—female rats required half the dose needed by male rats to induce sleep. Later, it was shown that gender differences in hepatic metabolism were responsible for this gender-related pharmacodynamic response. Today, it is well known that gender-dependent metabolism in rats often results from differences in expression of hepatic enzymes. The sex-specific cyctochrome P450s CYP2C11, CYP2C13, and CYP3A2 are expressed in males whereas CYP2C12 is expressed in females. Most of the known gender-related differences in toxicity of compounds in rats are due to gender-related hepatic metabolism differences. It is clear that compounds may undergo gender-dependent metabolism; it is also true that the fundamental PK parameters of clearance (CL) and volume (V) can demonstrate a gender dependence in a wide variety of animal species: rats, mice, rabbits, hamsters, dwarf goats, cattle, and rainbow trout. To appreciate how gender-related differences affect PK parameters, it is necessary to have a basic understanding of the factors that control the PK of compounds. Changes in these factors will be related to the primary PK parameters of CL and V. A review of the literature provides examples of gender-based differences in these factors and examples of the observed differences in the PK profile of the administered compound. Examples of gender-based differences in the PK of compounds leading to gender differences in the toxicity in nonclinical test species are also discussed.

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Porcher, Vincent, Stéphanie M. Carrière, Sandrine Gallois, Herizo Randriambanona, Verohanitra M. Rafidison et Victoria Reyes-García. « Growing up in the Betsileo landscape : Children’s wild edible plants knowledge in Madagascar ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 2 (17 février 2022) : e0264147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264147.

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Understanding local knowledge about wild edible plants (WEP) is essential for assessing plant services, reducing the risks of knowledge extinction, recognizing the rights of local communities, and improving biodiversity conservation efforts. However, the knowledge of specific groups such as women or children tends to be under-represented in local ecological knowledge (LEK) research. In this study, we explore how knowledge of WEP is distributed across gender and life stages (adults/children) among Betsileo people in the southern highlands of Madagascar. Using data from free listings with 42 adults and 40 children, gender-balanced, we show that knowledge on WEP differs widely across gender and life stage. In addition, we find that children have extended knowledge of WEP while reporting different species than adults. Women’s knowledge specializes in herbaceous species (versus other plant life forms), while men’s knowledge specializes in endemic species (versus native or introduced). Finally, we find that introduced species are more frequently cited by children, while adults cite more endemic species. We discuss the LEK differentiation mechanisms and the implications of acquiring life stage’s knowledge in the highland landscapes of Madagascar. Given our findings, we highlight the importance of considering groups with under-represented knowledge repositories, such as children and women, into future research.

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Hussey, Nigel E., Sheldon F. J. Dudley, Ian D. McCarthy, Geremy Cliff et Aaron T. Fisk. « Stable isotope profiles of large marine predators : viable indicators of trophic position, diet, and movement in sharks ? » Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, n^o 12 (décembre 2011) : 2029–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-115.

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Understanding the role of predators is challenging but critical for ecosystem management. For community dynamics, predator-specific size-based variation in diet, trophic position, and habitat use are rarely accounted for. Using two applied tools (stable isotopes and stomach content data), we examined inter- and intra-species ontogenetic variability in diet (stomach contents), trophic position (TPSIA for δ15N and TPSCA for stomach contents), and habitat use (δ13C) of two large sharks, the scalloped hammerhead ( Sphyrna lewini ) and the dusky ( Carcharhinus obscurus ). Stomach contents identified size-based and gender-specific shifts in diet indicating resource partitioning for and between species. Calculated TP for the two sharks varied by method, either TPSIA or TPSCA and with species, size, and gender, but were complicated by differing baselines and broad functional prey groups, respectively. TP increased with size for S. lewini, but was low in large C. obscurus compared with small sharks. Size-based δ13C profiles indicated habitat partitioning by sex in S. lewini and a movement to shelf edge foraging in large C. obscurus. These results demonstrate that predators exert proportional size-based effects on multiple components of the marine system that are further complicated by species- and gender-specific strategies.

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NAKANO, TAKAFUMI. « Mandatory changes of specific names to agree in gender with Talitriator Methuen, 1913, which is masculine (Crustacea : Amphipoda : Talitridae) ». Zootaxa 4483, n^o 1 (20 septembre 2018) : 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.8.

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The genus Talitriator Methuen, 1913 was originally erected for T. eastwoodae Methuen, 1913, a talitrid amphipod or “land-hopper” from South Africa that was fixed as the type species of this genus by monotypy. Talitriator now includes seven species of land-hopper inhabiting South Africa as well as Saint Helena and Ascension islands in the Southern Atlantic (Stock & Biernbaum 1994; Griffiths 1999; Horton et al. 2018). Although Methuen (1913) did not explicitly explain the etymology of the generic name, it obviously combines the name of the talitrid type genus Talitrus Bosc, 1802 (stem: Talitr-; from Latin talitrum, a rapping or flick of a finger: Jaeger 1962), with the connecting vowel “i” and the Latin masculine agentive suffix “-ator”. On account of the final suffix, the gender of the name Talitriator is masculine. Under Articles 31.2 and 34.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [hereafter “the Code”] (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), a Latin adjective that is used as a species-group name must agree in gender with the generic name it is combined with. Article 34.2 further specifies that an incorrect gender ending must be changed (a “mandatory change”, as opposed to either an “emendation” or an “incorrect subsequent spelling”: cf. Article 33.1 of the Code). This gender-agreement rule has largely been ignored in publications concerning species of Talitriator, with adjectival names most often being spelled with the feminine suffix “-a” regardless of generic assignment.

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Parsons, Jeff. « Corrections to the Gender Assignment of Recently Named Species of Asperitas and Papuina ». Festivus 52, n^o 1 (1 février 2020) : 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54173/f521086.

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The following are corrections to the gender assignment of recently published names of two snails from Indonesia. The names as originally published by Parsons (2019a, b) are Asperitas bimaensis abbasianus Parsons, 2019 from western Sumbawa and Papuina abbasianus Parsons, 2019 from Nabire, Papua. The corrected names are Asperitas bimaensis abbasiana and Papuina abbasiana.

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Nicolson, Dan H., et Bruno Manara. « Some guidelines on the use of gender in generic names and species epithets ». TAXON 40, n^o 2 (mai 1991) : 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1222983.

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Schuwerack, P.-Manuela M., Peter W. Jones, Graham J. C. Underwood et Richard S. K. Barnes. « Gender and Species Differences in Sentinel Crabs (Macrophthalmus) Feeding on an Indonesian Mudflat ». Journal of Crustacean Biology 26, n^o 2 (1 janvier 2006) : 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/c-2612.1.

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