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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « GE11 »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "GE11"

Chiesa, Enrica, Silvia Pisani, Barbara Colzani, et al. "Intra-Articular Formulation of GE11-PLGA Conjugate-Based NPs for Dexamethasone Selective Targeting—In Vitro Evaluation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (2018): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082304.

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Selectively targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems have recently emerged as promising intravenously therapeutic option for most chronic joint diseases. Here, a newly synthetized dodecapeptide (GE11)-polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA)-based conjugate was used to prepare smart nanoparticles (NPs) intended for intra-articular administration and for selectively targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). GE11-PLGA conjugate-based NPs are specifically uptaken by EGFR-overexpressed fibroblast; such as synoviocytes; which are the primarily cellular component involved in the development of destructive joint inflammation. The selective uptake could help to tune drug effectiveness in joints and to decrease local and systemic side effects. Dexamethasone (DXM) is a glucorticoid drug commonly used in joint disease treatment for both systemic and local administration route. In the present research; DXM was efficiently loaded into GE11-PLGA conjugate-based NPs through an eco-friendly nanoprecipitation method set up for this purpose. DXM loaded GE11-PLGA conjugate-based NPs revealed satisfactory ex vivo cytocompatibility; with proper size (≤150 nm) and good dimensional stability in synovial fluid. Intra-articular formulation was developed embedding DXM loaded GE11-PLGA conjugate-based NPs into thermosetting chitosan-based hydrogel; forming a biocompatible composite hydrogel able to quickly turn from liquid state into gel state at physiological temperature; within 15 min. Moreover; the use of thermosetting chitosan-based hydrogel extends the local release of active agent; DXM.

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Huang, Xueqin, Lingzhi Chen, Yuping Zhang, et al. "GE11 Peptide Conjugated Liposomes for EGFR-Targeted and Chemophotothermal Combined Anticancer Therapy." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2021 (March 31, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5534870.

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How to actively target tumor sites manipulating the controllable release of the encapsulated anticancer drugs and photosensitizers for synergistic anticancer therapy remains a big challenge. In this study, a cancer cell-targeted, near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered and anticancer drug loaded liposome system (LPs) was developed for synergistic cancer therapy. Photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemotherapy drug Curcumin (CUR) were coencapsulated into the liposomes, followed by the surface conjugation of GE11 peptide for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting on the cancer cell surface. Strictly controlled by NIR light, GE11 peptide modified and CUR/ICG-loaded LPs (GE11-CUR/ICG-LPs) could introduce hyperthermia in EGFR overexpressed A549 cancer cells for photothermal therapy, which could also trigger the increased release of CUR for enhanced cancer cell inhibition. GE11-CUR/ICG-LPs synergized photochemotherapy could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytoskeleton disruption to activate stronger apoptotic signaling events than the photothermal therapy or chemotherapy alone by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. This EGFR-targeted drug-delivery nanosystem with NIR sensitivity may potentially serve in more effective anticancer therapeutics with reduced off-target effects.

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Li, Kaichun, Liying Pang, Xiaorong Pan, et al. "GE11 Modified PLGA/TPGS Nanoparticles Targeting Delivery of Salinomycin to Breast Cancer Cells." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 20 (January 1, 2021): 153303382110049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338211004954.

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Salinomycin (Sal) is a potent inhibitor with effective anti-breast cancer properties in clinical therapy. The occurrence of various side effect of Sal greatly limits its application. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is a family of receptors highly expressed in most breast cancer cells. GE11 is a dodecapeptide which shows excellent EGFR affinity. A series of nanoparticles derivatives with GE11 peptide conjugated PLGA/TPGS were synthesized. Nanoprecipitation method was used to prepare the Sal loaded nanoparticles at the optimized concentration. The characterization, targeting efficacy, and antitumor activity were detected both in vitro and in vivo. Encapsulation of Sal in GE11 modified PLGA/TPGS nanoparticles shows an improved therapy efficacy and lower systemic side effect. This represents the delivery system a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic effect against EGFR highly expressed breast cancer.

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Gimond, Clotilde, Arjan van der Flier, Sanne van Delft та ін. "Induction of Cell Scattering by Expression of β1 Integrins in β1-Deficient Epithelial Cells Requires Activation of Members of the Rho Family of Gtpases and Downregulation of Cadherin and Catenin Function". Journal of Cell Biology 147, № 6 (1999): 1325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.147.6.1325.

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Adhesion receptors, which connect cells to each other and to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), play a crucial role in the control of tissue structure and of morphogenesis. In this work, we have studied how intercellular adhesion molecules and β1 integrins influence each other using two different β1-null cell lines, epithelial GE11 and fibroblast-like GD25 cells. Expression of β1A or the cytoplasmic splice variant β1D, induced the disruption of intercellular adherens junctions and cell scattering in both GE11 and GD25 cells. In GE11 cells, the morphological change correlated with the redistribution of zonula occluden (ZO)-1 from tight junctions to adherens junctions at high cell confluency. In addition, the expression of β1 integrins caused a dramatic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and of focal contacts. Interaction of β1 integrins with their respective ligands was required for a complete morphological transition towards the spindle-shaped fibroblast-like phenotype. The expression of an interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R)-β1A chimera and its incorporation into focal adhesions also induced the disruption of cadherin-based adhesions and the reorganization of ECM–cell contacts, but failed to promote cell migration on fibronectin, in contrast to full-length β1A. This indicates that the disruption of cell–cell adhesion is not simply the consequence of the stimulated cell migration. Expression of β1 integrins in GE11 cells resulted in a decrease in cadherin and α-catenin protein levels accompanied by their redistribution from the cytoskeleton-associated fraction to the detergent-soluble fraction. Regulation of α-catenin protein levels by β1 integrins is likely to play a role in the morphological transition, since overexpression of α-catenin in GE11 cells before β1 prevented the disruption of intercellular adhesions and cell scattering. In addition, using biochemical activity assays for Rho-like GTPases, we show that the expression of β1A, β1D, or IL2R-β1A in GE11 or GD25 cells triggers activation of both RhoA and Rac1, but not of Cdc42. Moreover, dominant negative Rac1 (N17Rac1) inhibited the disruption of cell–cell adhesions when expressed before β1. However, all three GTPases might be involved in the morphological transition, since expression of either N19RhoA, N17Rac1, or N17Cdc42 reversed cell scattering and partially restored cadherin-based adhesions in GE11-β1A cells. Our results indicate that β1 integrins regulate the polarity and motility of epithelial cells by the induction of intracellular molecular events involving a downregulation of α-catenin function and the activation of the Rho-like G proteins Rac1 and RhoA.

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Yang, Chengcheng, Xuan Mi, Huilan Su, et al. "GE11-PDA-Pt@USPIOs nano-formulation for relief of tumor hypoxia and MRI/PAI-guided tumor radio-chemotherapy." Biomaterials Science 7, no. 5 (2019): 2076–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8bm01492b.

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Lee, Duhwan, Yeong Mi Lee, Jihoon Kim, Myung Kyu Lee, and Won Jong Kim. "Enhanced tumor-targeted gene delivery by bioreducible polyethylenimine tethering EGFR divalent ligands." Biomaterials Science 3, no. 7 (2015): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5bm00004a.

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Gaugaz, Fabienne, Andrea Chicca, Mariano Redondo-Horcajo, Isabel Barasoain, J. Díaz, and Karl-Heinz Altmann. "Synthesis, Microtubule-Binding Affinity, and Antiproliferative Activity of New Epothilone Analogs and of an EGFR-Targeted Epothilone-Peptide Conjugate." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5 (2019): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051113.

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A new simplified, epoxide-free epothilone analog was prepared incorporating an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzimidazole side chain, which binds to microtubules with high affinity and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro with nM potency. Building on this scaffold, a disulfide-linked conjugate with the purported EGFR-binding (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) peptide GE11 was then prepared. The conjugate retained significant microtubule-binding affinity, in spite of the size of the peptide attached to the benzimidazole side chain. The antiproliferative activity of the conjugate was significantly lower than for the parent scaffold and, surprisingly, was independent of the EGFR expression status of cells. Our data indicate that the disulfide-based conjugation with the GE11 peptide is not a viable approach for effective tumor-targeting of highly potent epothilones and probably not for other cytotoxics.

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Abourbeh, Galith, Alexei Shir, Eyal Mishani, et al. "PolyIC GE11 polyplex inhibits EGFR-overexpressing tumors." IUBMB Life 64, no. 4 (2012): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.1002.

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Oertel, F., F. Starke, W. Sihver, J. Steinbach, and H. J. Pietzsch. "In vitro evaluation of 64Cu-labeled GE11-conjugates." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 41, no. 7 (2014): 634–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.035.

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Judmann, Benedikt, Björn Wängler, Ralf Schirrmacher, Gert Fricker, and Carmen Wängler. "Towards Radiolabeled EGFR-Specific Peptides: Alternatives to GE11." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 2 (2023): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16020273.

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The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is closely related to several cancer-promoting processes and overexpressed on a variety of tumor types, rendering it an important target structure for the imaging and therapy of several malignancies. To date, approaches to develop peptidic radioligands able to specifically address and visualize EGFR-positive tumors have been of limited success. Most of the attempts were based on the lead GE11, as this peptide was previously described to be a highly potent EGFR-specific agent. However, since it has recently been shown that GE11 exhibits an insufficient affinity to the EGFR in monomeric form to be suitable as a basis for the development of tracers based on it, in the present work we investigated which other peptides might be suitable as lead structures for the development of EGFR-specific peptidic radiotracers. For this purpose, we developed 68Ga-labeled radioligands based on the peptides D4, P1, P2, CPP, QRH, EGBP and Pep11, having been described before as EGFR-specific. In addition, we also tested three truncated versions of the endogenous EGFR ligand hEGF (human epidermal growth factor) with respect to their ability to specifically target the EGFR with high affinity. Therefore, chelator-modified labeling precursors of the mentioned peptides were synthesized, radiolabeled with 68Ga and the obtained radioligands were evaluated for their hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, stability against degradation by human serum peptidases, in vitro tumor cell uptake, and receptor affinity in competitive displacement experiments on EGFR-positive A431 cells. Although all NODA-GA-modified (NODA-GA: (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-4,7-diyl)diacetic acid-1-glutaric acid) labeling precursors could be obtained more or less efficient in yields between 5 and 74%, the 68Ga-radiolabeling proved to be unsuccessful for two of the three truncated versions of hEGF ([68Ga]Ga-8 and [68Ga]Ga-9), producing several side-products. For the other agents [68Ga]Ga-1–[68Ga]Ga-7, [68Ga]Ga-10 and [68Ga]Ga-11, high radiochemical yields and purities of ≥ 98% and molar activities of up to 114 GBq/µmol were obtained. In the assay investigating the radiopeptide susceptibilities against serum peptidase degradation, the EGBP-based agent demonstrated a limited stability with a half-life of only 66.4 ± 3.0 min, whereas the other tracers showed considerably higher stabilities of up to an 8000 min half-life. Finally, all radiotracer candidates were evaluated in terms of tumor cell internalization and receptor binding potential on EGFR-positive A431 cell. In these experiments, all developed agents failed to show an EGFR-specific tumor cell uptake or a relevant EGFR-affinity. By contrast, the positive controls tested under identical conditions, [125I]I-hEGF and hEGF demonstrated the expected high EGFR-specific tumor cell uptake (33.6% after 1 h, being reduced to 1.9% under blocking conditions) and affinity (IC50 value of 15.2 ± 3.3 nM). Thus, these results indicate that none of the previously described peptidic agents developed for EGFR targeting appears to be a reasonable choice as a lead structure for the development of radiopeptides for targeting of EGFR-positive tumors. Likewise, the tested truncated variants of the endogenous hEGF do not seem to be promising alternatives for this purpose.

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Thèses sur le sujet "GE11"

COLZANI, BARBARA. "Sviluppo di sistemi terapeutici nanoparticellari a base di nuovi derivati dell’acido polilattico finalizzati al trattamento di patologie ossee." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/147786.

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Il polilattide (PLA) e il suo co-polimero con l’acido glicolico (PLGA) appartengono alla famiglia dei poli-esteri alifatici, polimeri di sintesi frequentemente utilizzati in ambito farmaceutico per la loro biocompatibilità e scarsa citotossicità, approvati FDA per la somministrazione parenterale. Esistono però alcune limitazioni nell’uso del PLA e derivati nella realizzazione di sistemi di rilascio controllato dei farmaci, come nanoparticelle (NP). In particolare, il PLA è caratterizzato da un’elevata idrofobicità e da un elevato grado di cristallinità che rendono il profilo di degradazione della matrice polimerica piuttosto lento e, di conseguenza, anche la cessione dell’attivo in essi incapsulato. Per queste ragioni è necessario realizzare derivati del PLA per renderlo più adatto all’applicazione farmaceutica. Inoltre, in relazione alla patologia di interesse, è auspicabile che le NP possano essere indirizzate in maniera selettiva alla cellula bersaglio, esponendo sulla superficie delle NP di un agente di targeting attivo. Il progetto di ricerca della dottoranda è stato finalizzato alla realizzazione di NP per il trattamento di diverse patologie ossee ed è stato organizzato in due filoni: nel primo, la dottoranda ha studiato l’impiego di derivati del PLA ottenuti dalla funzionalizzazione con residui gommosi, scelti come probabile alternativa ai derivati PEGilati di uso comune, per la realizzazione di sistemi nanoparticellari, mentre nella seconda parte della ricerca la dottoranda si è focalizzata sulla realizzazione di smart nanoparticles a partire da PLGA derivatizzato con agenti di targeting attivo. Nel primo caso il polimero selezionato è il PCNL, polimero sintetizzato nel laboratorio del prof. Hillmyer dell’Università del Minnesota: la presenza di una porzione gommosa dovrebbe rendere più veloce il profilo di degradazione delle NP. Innanzitutto, la dottoranda ha valutato la citocompatibilità del nuovo polimero che ha manifestato una scarsa tossicità e quindi il polimero si presenta come buon candidato per la realizzazione di sistemi nanoparticellari. Successivamente, il polimero è stato utilizzato per la realizzazione di NP. Il metodo utilizzato e le condizioni di processo sono state ottimizzate utilizzando un PLA di peso molecolare paragonabile al PLA utilizzato per la sintesi del PCNL. Nonostante gli sforzi per individuare una metodica opportuna, le NP ottenute con PCNL mediante la tecnica della nanoprecipitazione non hanno dimostrato le caratteristiche dimensionali desiderate, probabilmente a causa del peso molecolare e della Tg del residuo gommoso. Per cui il polimero è stato momentaneamente accantonato. Per quanto riguarda la seconda parte della ricerca sono state realizzate NP intelligenti a base di PLGA funzionalizzato con un piccolo peptide che riconosce in maniera selettiva il recettore EGFR. L’obiettivo della dottoranda è stato quello di realizzare sistemi terapeutici destinati al trattamento di patologie dell’osso caratterizzate da una sovraespressione del EGFR, cioè tumori e artrite reumatoide. Il ligando selezionato come oggetto della ricerca è il GE11, dodecapeptide che funge da ligando allosterico del recettore EGFR. Nello specifico, questo filone del lavoro di ricerca è stato diviso in due parti, una parte chimica di sintesi e una parte di realizzazione dei sistemi nanoparticellari. La prima parte del lavoro è stata condotta presso il dipartimento di Chimica dell’Università di Milano, nel laboratorio della prof.ssa Speranza, dove la dottoranda si è concentrata sulla sintesi del peptide GE11 e del coniugato GE11-PLGA. Il peptide è stato sintetizzato con la tecnica della sintesi in fase solida, con una resa di processo del 45% e una purezza del peptide >95%. Successivamente, il GE11 è stato legato covalentemente al PLGA mediante la chimica della carbodiimmide. Il processo ha avuto una resa del 50-60%; dall’analisi NMR si può ricavare un’efficienza di funzionalizzazione del polimero pari al 70-80%. Nella seconda parte del lavoro, la dottoranda si è occupata della realizzazione di sistemi nanoparticellari: la metodica di preparazione è stata ottimizzata inizialmente con i polimeri puri, PLGA ed un suo derivato coniugato al polietilenglicole (PEG-PLGA), al fine di settare le condizioni di processo migliori ad ottenere NP con le dimensioni adatte ad una somministrazione sistemica e locale. Prima di passare alla realizzazione delle NP con il coniugato GE11-PLGA, sono state realizzate NP modello: infatti in questa fase è stato utilizzato un tetrapeptide modello (FQPV) per indagare le criticità della sintesi di smart nanoparticles, per poi utilizzare il coniugato di interesse GE11-PLGA in una fase successiva. Il coniugato FQPV-PLGA è stato ottenuto con la stessa metodica del coniugato GE11-PLGA. Le NP con il coniugato FQPV-PLGA sono state realizzate secondo due metodiche differenti: la nanoprecipitazione, utilizzando DMSO come solvente, e una metodica “ibrida”, utilizzando una miscela 80:20 acetone-CH2Cl2, come selezionato mediante disegno sperimentale (DoE). Le NP hanno mostrato dimensioni intorno ai 200 nm con entrambe le metodiche. Inoltre, sono state sviluppate altre due strategie complementari a quelle descritte, al fine di aumentare l’entità di caricamento del peptide FQPV nelle NP di PLGA. A questo scopo, sono stati realizzati lotti in cui il peptide FQPV è stato adsorbito sulle NP di PLGA: con questa metodica è stato ottenuto un buon caricamento (1:29.9 FQPV:PLGA p:p) che però si è dimostrato instabile nel tempo. La seconda metodica ha previsto l’incapsulazione del peptide FQPV ma i risultati non sono stati ottimali: il metodo ha permesso una scarsa incapsulazione del peptide (1:150 FQPV:PLGA p:p). Per la realizzazione delle NP di GE11-PLGA solo la metodica della nanoprecipitazione utilizzando il DMSO come solvente è stata utilizzata, a causa della insolubilità del coniugato negli altri solventi comunemente utilizzati (acetone, diclorometano). Le formulazioni considerate e caratterizzate sono due: una in cui la matrice delle nanoparticelle è formata solo dal coniugato GE11-PLGA e la seconda in cui il coniugato è in miscela 1:1 p:p con un PEG-PLGA di uguale peso molecolare. Entrambe le formulazioni realizzate presentano una dimensione intorno a 140 nm e un potenziale zeta negativo (-20 mV). Di entrambe le formulazioni è stata valutata anche la citotossicità mediante MTS test su cellule caratterizzate da una sovraespressione del EGFR (A549, carcinoma polmonare, e Caki1, carcinoma renale): entrambe hanno dimostrato un’ottima citocompatibilità sulle linee cellulari selezionate in un ampio range di concentrazioni (0,1µg/ml to 1mg/ml). Le NP sono state caratterizzate mediante DSC per valutarne il comportamento termico rispetto al polimero puro. Le NP di GE11-PLGA hanno manifestato una Tg intorno a 50°C, del tutto paragonabile al comportamento del coniugato (49,33°C). Invece, le NP di GE11-PLGA/PEG-PLGA hanno una Tg a 21°C, dovuta al contributo del coniugato e del polimero PEGilato che invece ha una Tg sub-ambiente. Questo comportamento potrebbe influenzare la cinetica di rilascio del farmaco veicolato. Tutti i sistemi nanoparticellari realizzati hanno un’ottima stabilità a 4°C in acqua per 30 giorni, a simulare una possibile forma di stoccaggio prima della somministrazione al paziente. Il test di stabilità a 37°C a pH 5 e pH 7,4, per simulare un’infiammazione e il pH fisiologico, invece ha evidenziato una tendenza all’aggregazione delle NP dopo 15-20 giorni in entrambe le condizioni di pH, come se la presenza del peptide creasse instabilità alle NP. Successivamente, la dottoranda ha valutato la stabilità delle NP nei fluidi biologici, in particolare in plasma umano e in liquido sinoviale umano. Questa parte del lavoro è stata condotta presso il gruppo del prof. Braeckmans dell’Università di Gent (BE). Gli esperimenti sono stati condotti con fSPT (fluorescence Single Particle Tracking) su NP di GE11-PLGA/ PEG-PLGA marcate con RhB. Da questi test si osserva che le NP sono stabili in entrambi i mezzi considerati: solamente in plasma umano si osserva un aumento della dimensione dovuto alla formazione di una corona proteica attorno alle NP. Le dimensioni restano comunque entro valori accettabili per la loro applicazione in vivo. Sempre durante il periodo di ricerca all’estero, la dottoranda si è occupata degli studi di uptake al fine di valutare il profilo di captazione delle NP in cellule caratterizzate da una sovraespressione del EGFR nel tempo. Il test è stato condotto con microscopia confocale, andando a quantificare la fluorescenza delle NP marcate con RhB all’intero delle cellule. Il test ha dimostrato una internalizzazione attiva delle NP con il coniugato GE11-PLGA che è risultata veloce e prolungata nel tempo, visto che dopo 24 ore le NP erano ancora presenti all’interno delle cellule. Anche le NP di solo PLGA, utilizzate come controllo, sono captate dalle cellule con un meccanismo attivo anche se il profilo è differente rispetto alle NP con il peptide GE11: l’uptake è più lento e dopo 24 ore le NP non sono più all’interno delle cellule. Le NP selezionate sono state quindi caricate con Desametasone, farmaco utilizzato per il trattamento di numerose patologie reumatiche. Diverse strategie sono state considerate al fine di aumentare il grado di incapsulazione; i risultati migliori sono stati ottenuti utilizzando Etilacetato come solvente insieme al DMSO (300 µg/100 mg polimero). I risultati raccolti relativi alle nanoparticelle di GE11-PLGA sono promettenti, se si pensa alla mancanza di aggregazione nei fluidi biologici e alla buona captazione all’interno delle cellule che sovraesprimono EGFR. Sono in corso studi mirati allo studio dei meccanismi di uptake cellulare e trafficking intracellulare delle NP e alla valutazione dell’uso di uno spaziatore tra PLGA e GE11, alternativo al PEG, al fine di migliorare l’esposizione superficiale del peptide.

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Cano, Lazarte Mercedes Elena, Paredes Maribel Perez, Garcia Jose Antonio Rojas, and Sifuentes Carlos Luis Torres. "Fundamentos de ingeniería de gestión empresarial - GE01 201801." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624413.

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Descripción: La situación empresarial del mundo en la actualidad está cambiando rápidamente, se está dando paso a la incorporación de nuevos competidores, el aumento de alianzas, fusiones y adquisiciones, la mayor demanda de calidad y servicio, los grandes avances tecnológicos y la creación de una estructura global de los mercados. Dada esa coyuntura, el mercado laboral necesita cada vez más profesionales capaces de gestionar empresas, creando nuevas o conduciendo eficientemente las existentes hacia el éxito. En este sentido, el curso proporciona al alumno los conocimientos y habilidades para poder comprender las funciones y estructuras del contexto empresarial y no sólo será capaz de identificar esos cambios en su entorno, sino que podrá transformarlos en oportunidades, planificando e implementando negocios o proyectos, de manera tal que se obtenga la mayor rentabilidad a largo plazo. Propósito: El Curso de Fundamentos de Ingeniería de Gestión Empresarial es un curso de especialidad del programa de Ingeniería de Gestión Empresarial, de carácter teórico, dirigido a los estudiantes del primer ciclo, que busca desarrollar la competencia general Pensamiento innovador (Nivel 1) y la competencia específica: (e) Resolución de problemas de Ingeniería (Nivel 1). Tiene como prerrequisito el curso de Nivelación de Matemáticas. Tiene el propósito de identificar conceptos básicos relacionados al mundo empresarial, pudiendo detectar necesidades y oportunidades cuya solución se relaciona a temas de emprendimiento e innovación, todo desde una perspectiva ingenieril.

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Majure, Lucas Charles. "The ecology and morphological variation of Opuntia (Cactaceae) species in the mid-south, United States /." View online, 2007. http://www.msstate.edu/courses/ge14/students/Majure_Thesis.pdf.

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Hawkins, Timothy James. "A study of M0R1/GEM1 and kinl-like kinesins in Arabidopsis." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3039/.

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Microtubules perform essential functions in eukaryotic cells and, with other cytoskeletal elements, are involved in diverse cellular processes. Plant cells construct four microtubule arrays; There are two cortical arrays, the interphase cortical array, and the preprophase band, the mitotic spindle and the cytokinetic phragmoplast. The control and rearrangement of these arrays through the cell cycle is coordinated by Microtubule Associated Proteins or MAPs. These proteins have diverse functions including anchoring & crosslinking microtubules or otherwise regulating microtubule formation and destruction within the cell. MOR1/GEM1 is the Arabidopsis member of the conserved XMAP215/TOGp family of proteins which are microtubule stablising MAPs and promote microtubule polymerization in vitro. In many organisms such stabilization is opposed by Kinl catastrophic kinesins, which depolymerise and destabilize microtubules. In addition to the further characterization of MOR1/GEM1, here in this thesis, two putative KinI kinesins are identified in the Arabidopsis genome, a subfamily of kinesins previously uncharacterized in plants, AtCMK1 & AtCMK2. Immunolocalisation shows that MOR1/GEM1 associates with all plant microtubule arrays throughout the cell cycle and Is found to concentrate at the plus end of microtubules In the spindle next to chromosomes and the midline of the phragmoplast where oppositely orientated microtubules overlap. Furthermore, consistent with this localization, we show that a C-terminal fragment of MOR1/GEM1 which Is absent in the pollen cytokinesis mutant, gem1 can bind microtubules and as such we propose that the defects in the phragmoplast In gem1 mutant is a result of the reduction of the MOR1/GEM1 protein to bind microtubules. Further studies indicate that unlike its budding yeast homologue Stu2, MOR1/GEM1 does not for dimers.Immunolocalisation shows that AtCMK2 associates with all the plant microtubule arrays throughout the cell cycle, particularly the metaphase spindle. However in our experiments, AtCMKI does not, but rather locates to structures within the cytoplasm, such as golgi vesicles or organelles. Here we also show that AtCMK kinesins form homodimers and do not physically Interact with MOR1/GEM1 suggesting that these factors may be genetic interactors instead. Over-expression of AtCMK2 as a GPP fusion protein results in the disruption of microtubules, leaving short microtubule fragments and tubulin oligomers or aggregates, suggesting that AtCMK2 Is a true Arabidopsis catastrophic kinesin. In addition, GUS promoter fusions show that the expression patterns of these two kinesins are very different.

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Dunn, Francis X. "Thrust modulated multivariable control of the GE21 engine using the LQG/LTR method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15000.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986. MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING Bibliography: leaves 173-175. by Francis X. Dunn. M.S.

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Chakrama, Fatima Zahra. "La protéine Gec1/Gabarapl1 : rôle au cours de l'autophagie et expression dans les cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA3007/document.

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Le gène Gec1/Gabarapl1 a été identifié au sein de notre laboratoire comme un gène régulé par les estrogènes. Il appartient à la famille Gabarap incluant les gènes Gabarap, gabarap/2 et Gabarapl3 qui codent des protéines présentant de fortes homologies de séquences. L'étude fonctionnelle de Gabarapl 1 a montré que cette protéine est impliquée dans le transport des récepteurs et particulièrement les récepteurs Gabaₐ et des κ-opioïdes via son interaction avec la tubuline et la protéine NSF. Cependant, il a été décrit que certaines protéines de la famille Atg8 sont impliquées dans l' autophagie, un mécanisme de dégradation et de survie cellulaire, qui se caractérise par la formation de doubles membranes appelées autophagosomes. Les objectifs de mon travail étaient, d'une part, de caractériser le rôle de la protéine GABARAPL1 au cours de !'autophagie et, d'autre part, de caractériser son expression dans des lignées et tissus cancéreux et sa régulation en réponse à des composés anti-cancéreux. Tout d'abord, nous avons montré que Gabarapl1 est clivée par la protéase Atg4B au niveau de sa glycine 116 avant sa conjugaison à des phopholipides. Cette forme modifiée, lipidée, est localisée à la surface des autophagosomes et des lysosomes. Nous avons ensuite montré que Gabarapl1 est faiblement exprimée dans de nombreuses lignées cancéreuses, que son expression est altérée dans les méningiomes et qu'elle est régulée par des inhibiteurs du protéasome. Ces travaux ont montré, pour la première fois, que la protéine Gabarapl1 est associée à des vésicules autophagiques et permettront de poser les hypothèses de nos futurs travaux The Gec1 / Gabarapl1 gene was identified in our laboratory as an early estrogen regulated gene. Gabarapl1 belongs to the Gabarap family, also including Gabarap, Gabarapl2 and Gabarapl3 genes, that encode proteins which present high sequence homology with each other. A functional study of the Gabarapl 1 protein showed that this protein is involved in the transport of receptors such as the Gabaₐ and κ-opioid receptors via its interaction with tubulin and NSF. It has been reported that the Atg8 family proteins are involved in autophagy, a mechanism of degradation and cell survival that is charactenzed by the formation of double membranes called autophagosomes. The aims of my research were, firstly, to characterize the role of the Gabarapl1 protein during autophagy and, secondly, to study its expression in cancer cell lines and cancerous tissues and its regulation in response to anti-cancer drugs. First, we showed that Gabarapl1 is cleaved in the cells by the protease Atg4B at its 116 glycine residue prior to its conjugation to phospholipids. This modified form, lipidated, is located on the surface of autophagosomes and lysosomes. We then showed that Gabarapl1 expression is reduced in many cancer cell lines, and that its expression is also altered in meningiomas. Finally, we showed that Gabarapl1 expression is regulated by proteasom€: inhibitors. Thus, our results demonstrated for the first time that the Gabarapl1 protein is associatec with autophagie vesicles and allow us to propose hypothesis for future work

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Tolle, Fabrice. "Le gène gec1 : expression dans le système nerveux central, estrogéno-dépendance et rôle dans l'oncogenèse." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA3001.

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Notre équipe a montré une expression préférentielle de gec1 dans le Système Nerveux Central (SNC) et une faible expression dans diverses lignées cancéreuses. Nos objectifs ont été d'étudier: l'expression de gec1 dans le cerveau de rat ; le rôle de gec1 dans !'oncogenèse ; l'effet des estrogènes, in vivo et in vitro, sur l'expression de gec1. Tout d'abord, nous avons montré que gec1 est fortement exprimé dans le SNC de rat, et plus particulièrement dans les neurones impliqués dans les fonctions somesthèsiques, motrices et neuroendocrines. Au cours de !'oncogenèse, dans les méningiomes, une diminution de l'expression de gec1 est observée dans le type psammomateux. Les données cliniques ont permis de mettre en évidence une diminution du taux de messagers gec1 dans les méningiomes provenant de patientes âgées de plus de 52 ans. Puis, nous avons étudié l'impact de la surexpression de GEC1 sur la croissance de cellules de cancer du sein. La prolifération des cellules surexprimant GEC1 diminue d'un facteur voisin de 2. Enfin, nous avons étudié la régulation de l'expression de gec1 par les estrogènes. Ln vivo, nous avons montré que le taux de messagers gec1 augmente en présence de E2 dans trois aires cérébrales. Ln vitro, dans des cellules PC12 différenciées par le NGF, l'expression de gec1 est induite par Ez. Nos travaux ont ainsi permis de confirmer l'estrogéno-dépendance de gec1 à la fois in vivo et in vitro, mais également suggèrent des implications potentielles de GEC1 dans des fonctions neuronales normales et au cours de !'oncogenèse. Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives et renforcent l'intérêt de l'étude de GEC1 dans le SNC et au cours de !'oncogenèse Our research team has shown that gec1 is more expressed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and weakly expressed in various cancerous cells lines. Our objectives were to study: the expression of gec1 in the rat brain; the role of gec1 in the oncogenesis; the effect of estrogens, in vivo and in vitro, on the gec1 expression. First of all, we have showed that gec1 is strongly expressed in the rat SNC, more precisely in neurons involved in somatomotor and neuroendocrine functions. During oncogenesis, in meningiomas, a reduction of the gec1 expression is observed in psammomatous meningiomas. The clinical data highlighted a reduction in the rate of gec1 messengers in meningiomas coming from patients of more than 52 years old. Then, we studied the impact of the GEC1 over-expression on the cells growth of breast cancer. The proliferation of GEC1 over-expression cells line decreases by 2 fold compared to controls. Lastly, we studied the regulation of the gec1 expression by estrogens. Ln vivo, we showed that the rate of gec1 messengers increases in presence of E2 in the pons, the cerebellum and the diencephalon. Ln vitro, in PC12 cells differentiated by the NGF, the gec1 expression is induced by E2 alone. Our works enabled to confirm the estrogeno-dependance of gec1 in vitro and in vivo, and also suggests potential implications of GEC1 in normal neuronal functions and during the oncogenesis. These results open new prospects and reinforce the interest of GEC1 study in the CNS and during the oncogenesis

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Wang, Fei. "The intermediate phase and stress in Ge1/4 Se3/4-yIy glasses." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1037301587.

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Lee, Shun-Hsiao [Verfasser], and Elena [Akademischer Betreuer] Conti. "Structural and biochemical characterization of human GEN1 holliday junction resolvase / Shun-Hsiao Lee ; Betreuer: Elena Conti." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/117361625X/34.

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Kwok, Kar-ling Florence. "Form and function of conjunction gen1 zyu6 (gen zhu) in story telling of Cantonese speaking children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2007. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B42005231.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-30). Also available in print.

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Livres sur le sujet "GE11"

Muthaly, Krishnamoorthy. May 9 people power saves Malaysia: Mahathir leads the way : GE14 votes out corruption. Krishnamoorthy Muthaly, 2018.

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Rathus, Spencer A. Custom Social Psychology GE117. Wadsworth, 2014.

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Robson, Walter. Ear2ear And the Gem1's. Donard Publishing, 2005.

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iclicker and Colin G. Calloway. First Peoples 4e & iClicker Gen1. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012.

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Standards of Gerontological Nursing Ge12. Amer Nurses Assn, 1987.

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Jan, Wan Saiful Wan. Ge14: Will Urban Malays Support Pakatan Harapan? ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, 2018.

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Bi, J. F., and K. L. Teo. Nanoscale Ge1−xMnxTe ferromagnetic semiconductors. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.17.

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This article discusses the structure characterizations, magnetic and transport behaviors of the nanoscale ferromagnetic semiconductors Ge1-xMnxTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy with various manganese compositions x ranging from 0.14 to 0.98. After providing an overview of the growth procedure and characterization, the article analyzes the structures of the Ge1-xMnxTe system using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It then considers the optical, magnetic and transport properties of the semiconductors and shows that the crystal quality is degraded and the proportion of amorphous phase increases with increasing Mn composition. Nanoclusters and nanoscale grains can be observed when x > 0.24, which greatly affect their magnetic and electronic properties. The magnetic anisotropy is weakened due to different orientations of the clusters embedded in the GeTe host. An anomalous Hall effect is also observed in the samples, which can be attributed to extrinsic skew scattering.

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Natarajan, Shantha. DSC557-03 - Two Output PCIe Gen1/2/3/4 Clock Generator. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2020.

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Long, Nate. EQCO510 Automotive Dual Channel USB 3. 1 Gen1 Reclocking Redriver Datasheet. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2020.

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Long, Nate. EQCO510 Automotive Dual Channel USB 3. 1 Gen1 Reclocking Redriver Product Brief. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2020.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "GE11"

Allan, Keith. "General semantics." In Handbook of Pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m2.gen1.

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Streeck, Jürgen. "Gesture research." In Handbook of Pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m2.ges1.

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Streeck, Jürgen. "Gesture research." In Handbook of Pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.22.ges1.

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Dobrina, Claudia. "Getting to the core of a terminological project." In Handbook of Terminology. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hot.1.get1.

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von Flotow, Luise. "Gender in translation." In Handbook of Translation Studies. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hts.1.gen1.

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Weber, Jörg. "Hydrogen in Ge1)." In Photonics and Electronics with Germanium. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527650200.ch2.

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Dietl, T. "Ge1-xMnxTe: absorption." In New Data and Updates for IV-IV, III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, their Mixed Crystals and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14148-5_259.

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Dietl, T. "Ge1-xMnxTe: resistivity." In New Data and Updates for IV-IV, III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, their Mixed Crystals and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14148-5_260.

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Dietl, T. "Ge1-xMnxTe: magnetoresistance." In New Data and Updates for IV-IV, III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, their Mixed Crystals and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14148-5_261.

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Dietl, T. "Ge1-xMnxTe: magnetization." In New Data and Updates for IV-IV, III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, their Mixed Crystals and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14148-5_264.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "GE11"

Sakunasinha, Panarit, Suksan Suwanarat, and Surasak Chiangga. "Mid-infrared supercontinuum in a Ge11:5As24Se64:5chalcogenide waveguide." In International Conference on Photonics Solutions 2015, edited by Surasak Chiangga and Sarun Sumriddetchkajorn. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2196150.

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Aziz, Haris, and Simon Rey. "Almost Group Envy-free Allocation of Indivisible Goods and Chores." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/6.

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We consider a multi-agent resource allocation setting in which an agent's utility may decrease or increase when an item is allocated. We take the group envy-freeness concept that is well-established in the literature and present stronger and relaxed versions that are especially suitable for the allocation of indivisible items. Of particular interest is a concept called group envy-freeness up to one item (GEF1). We then present a clear taxonomy of the fairness concepts. We study which fairness concepts guarantee the existence of a fair allocation under which preference domain. For two natural classes of additive utilities, we design polynomial-time algorithms to compute a GEF1 allocation. We also prove that checking whether a given allocation satisfies GEF1 is coNP-complete when there are either only goods, only chores or both.

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Wang, Suyuan, Jun Zheng, Chunlai Xue, et al. "P+-Ge1−xSnx / p−-Ge1−x−ySixSny / n-Ge1−x−ySixSny NTFET analysis and the realization of n-Ge1−x−ySixSny ohmic contact." In 2016 16th International Workshop on Junction Technology (IWJT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwjt.2016.7486667.

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Broderick, Christopher A., Edmond J. O'Halloran, and Eoin P. O'Reilly. "Comparative analysis of electronic structure evolution in Ge1-xSnx and Ge1−xPbx alloys." In 2019 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nusod.2019.8806886.

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Asti, Antonio, Luca Mangani, and Antonio Andreini. "Application of a 1-D Predicting Tool to the Analysis of Pressure Oscillations in an Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor: GE10 Machine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27893.

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The development of current industrial gas turbines is strictly constrained by legislative requirements for low polluting emissions. Lean Premixed combustion technology has become through the years the necessary standard to meet such requirements. Premixed technology introduces a new range of problems: combustion instabilities in many operating conditions. Specifically, lean premixed flames pose the threat of pressure oscillations. This phenomenon is the effect of the strong interaction between combustion heat-release and fluid dynamics aspects. The prediction of acoustic oscillations and combustion instabilities is generally difficult because of the complexity of real combustor geometries. As a result, the design phase is usually performed as a trial-and-error task: a specific design is constructed, tested and modified, in a process that continues until acceptable results are found. A specific tool was developed by GE Energy to help predicting the acoustic behaviour of newly designed partially-premixed combustors, avoiding the traditional trial-and-error process: the tool allows the designer to analyze the problem of combustion instabilities since the early design phase, limiting subsequent testing efforts. A mono-dimensional tool based on the 1-D acoustic model was developed by GE Energy and was applied to the single-can combustor of the GE10 machine (a gas turbine in the 10MW class). All the main geometrical features of the GE10 machine, including fuel line geometry, were considered and modeled in a one-dimensional scheme, in order to build an equivalent model for the linear tool analysis. The main frequencies, measured during tests on the GE10 machine, were compared to the numerical results of the tool, showing good agreement between numerical and experimental results and confirming the predictive capability. This good agreement demonstrates that the model can be used for predicting the effects of design changes, with a reduced need of tests.

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Zagarzusem, Khurelbaatar, Yeon-Ho Kil, Sim-Hoon Yuk, et al. "Ge1−xSnx/Ge heterostructure infrared photodetector." In 2015 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2015.7370598.

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YAKUNIN, M. V., G. A. ALSHANSKII, V. N. NEVEROV, et al. "MULTI-VALENCE-SUBBAND MAGNETOTRANSPORT IN A MODULATION-DOPED p-TYPE Ge1−xSix/Ge/Ge1−xSix QUANTUM WELL." In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701923_0036.

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Hsieh, Wen-Yao, Yu-Hao You, Kun-Mao He, Yu-Hsiang Peng, Guo-En Chang, and Henry H. Cheng. "Enhanced infrared photoluminescence from Ge1-xSnx alloys." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2013.16a_d4_5.

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Yakunin, M. V., G. A. Alshanskii, Yu G. Arapov, V. N. Neverov, and O. A. Kuznetsov. "Parallel magnetic field induced strong negative magnetoresistance in a wide p-Ge1-xSix/Ge/p-Ge1-xSix quantum well." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Zhores I. Alferov and Leo Esaki. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.513637.

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Benovsky, Peter, Iarno Brunetti, Stefano Sigali, Christine Leroy, Paolo Gheri, and Stefano Cocchi. "NOx Reduction Strategy in GE10 Hydrogen-Fuelled Heavy Duty Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51270.

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In December 2006 Enel promoted a project oriented towards Environment and Innovation including the development of zero emission plants. The hydrogen project foresees the construction of a 11 MWe hydrogen-fed gas turbine able to couple high efficiency (fuel utilization) with low nitrogen-oxide emissions. The project (partly funded by Regione Veneto, a local authority in the North-East of Italy), will be built at Enel’s coal-fired Fusina Power Plant [1]. The aim of a first demonstrative phase is to verify the correct operation of the gas turbine supplied by pure hydrogen and to acquire know-how of hydrogen combustion, safety aspects and control technologies in gas turbine cycles. In the second phase, the goal will be to optimize the combustion technology, paying particular attention to NOx emissions. To make hydrogen suitable for the electricity generation in an environmentally compatible manner, Enel is developing the Fusina’s experimental power plant project. Since currently no commercial hydrogen burners are suitable for gas turbine power plants, both Enel and Nuovo Pignone are investigating feasible solutions for a hydrogen-fuelled low-NOx diffusion burner design. In this context, this paper presents the results from a CFD analysis showing the NOx reduction based on steam injection and burner minor modifications. An initial model with a coarse mesh and simple aerodynamic treatment was used to evaluate the NOx emissions with varying amount of steam injected into the combustion chamber. In the view of the following experimental campaign, some solutions have been selected after an initial tuning of the CFD model. Furthermore, a second CFD model based on a finer mesh and a detailed geometry discretization will enable a more precise investigation of the fluidynamic field. Results of the numerical model, which simulates a GE10 gas turbine combustor fuelled with pure hydrogen, are presented and compared with experimental tests at full scale and full pressure conditions.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "GE11"

Kim, Seung Jun. DNB performance with modified FY19-GEN1 tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1545727.

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